CN109281826B - A method for adjusting the temperature at the end of compression for laboratory fast compressors - Google Patents
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- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于快速压缩机实验的压缩终点温度调节方法，包括：1)确定快速压缩机实验中可燃混合气的组分；2)确定燃烧室内可燃混合气的总压力为P，根据各气体体积分数算出对应分压Pi＝P*Xi；3)抽空混气罐后，按对应气体分压依次充入气体完成可燃混合气配置；4)对该可燃混合气完成一次压缩，记录下燃烧室内的压力变化；5)根据理想气体绝热公式计算得到本次实验的压缩终点温度Tc；6)将稀释气体中部分氩气替换为氮气，重复步骤3)‑5)，得到相较第一次更低的压缩终点温度。本发明在不改变现有实验装置结构的情况下，通过改变混合气中稀释气体成分改变压缩终点温度，从而有效拓宽实验工况范围。
The invention discloses a method for adjusting the temperature of the compression end point used in a rapid compressor experiment, comprising: 1) determining the composition of the combustible mixture in the rapid compressor experiment; 2) determining the total pressure of the combustible mixture in the combustion chamber as P, Calculate the corresponding partial pressure Pi=P*Xi according to the volume fraction of each gas; 3) After evacuating the gas mixing tank, fill the gas in sequence according to the corresponding gas partial pressure to complete the configuration of the combustible gas mixture; 4) Complete a compression of the combustible gas mixture, record The pressure change in the lower combustion chamber; 5) Calculate the compression end temperature Tc of this experiment according to the ideal gas adiabatic formula; 6) Replace part of the argon in the dilution gas with nitrogen, repeat steps 3)-5), and get A lower compression end temperature. In the present invention, without changing the structure of the existing experimental device, the compression end temperature is changed by changing the diluent gas composition in the mixed gas, thereby effectively widening the range of experimental working conditions.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于内燃机压缩冲程模拟、燃烧学领域，具体涉及一种用于实验室快速压缩机的压缩终点温度调节方法，用以研究燃料压燃着火特性及火焰传播特性的基础实验。The invention belongs to the fields of compression stroke simulation and combustion of internal combustion engines, and in particular relates to a method for adjusting the temperature at the end of compression of a rapid compressor in a laboratory, which is used for basic experiments for studying the ignition characteristics and flame propagation characteristics of fuel compression ignition.
背景技术Background technique
快速压缩机实验装置可研究一定组分的可燃混合气在不同工况下的自着火特性，具体则是通过快速压缩可燃气体，使其在短时间内达到指定的初始温度和压力，一定时间后气体将自着火，这段时间即为燃料在这一工况下的着火滞燃期，测量着火滞燃期数据对发展燃料的化学反应动力学模型有极大帮助。而准确的模型对于提高内燃机燃烧效率，研究爆震，结构设计具有重要意义。The rapid compressor experimental device can study the self-ignition characteristics of a certain composition of combustible mixture under different working conditions. Specifically, the combustible gas is rapidly compressed to reach the specified initial temperature and pressure in a short period of time. The gas will self-ignite, and this period is the ignition delay period of the fuel under this working condition. The measurement of the ignition delay period data is of great help to the development of the chemical reaction kinetic model of the fuel. An accurate model is of great significance for improving the combustion efficiency of internal combustion engines, studying knocking, and structural design.
快速压缩机的活塞完成一次压缩冲程后达到压缩终点，此时燃烧室内的混合气的热力学状态即为混合气在压缩终点的热力学状态，它主要取决于混合气在压缩前的组分，热力学状态以及实验装置当前的压缩比。The piston of the fast compressor reaches the end of compression after completing a compression stroke. At this time, the thermodynamic state of the mixture in the combustion chamber is the thermodynamic state of the mixture at the end of compression. It mainly depends on the composition and thermodynamic state of the mixture before compression. and the current compression ratio of the experimental setup.
为研究混合气在不同工况下的自着火特性，国际上广泛使用改变压缩比的方式改变混合气在压缩终点的热力学状态。通过这种方式，要达到较低的压缩终点温度就需要较小的压缩比，即增加压缩终点时刻燃烧室的体积，对于一些饱和蒸气压较低的燃料，燃烧室中的混合气压力难以达到很高从而限制了实验工况包括温度、压力范围的拓展。In order to study the self-ignition characteristics of the mixture under different working conditions, the way of changing the compression ratio is widely used in the world to change the thermodynamic state of the mixture at the end of compression. In this way, to achieve a lower compression end temperature requires a smaller compression ratio, that is, to increase the volume of the combustion chamber at the end of compression, for some fuels with a lower saturated vapor pressure, the mixture pressure in the combustion chamber is difficult to achieve It is very high, which limits the expansion of the experimental working conditions including temperature and pressure range.
针对上述问题，有必要设计一种在不改变现有实验装置结构的情况下，有效拓宽实验工况范围的通用方法。In view of the above problems, it is necessary to design a general method to effectively broaden the range of experimental conditions without changing the structure of the existing experimental device.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于针对上述现有技术的不足，提供了一种用于实验室快速压缩机的压缩终点温度调节方法，该方法在不改变现有实验装置结构的情况下，通过改变混合气中稀释气体成分改变压缩终点温度，从而有效拓宽实验工况范围。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for adjusting the temperature of the compression end point of the laboratory fast compressor in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art. The method does not change the structure of the existing experimental device by changing the The composition of the diluted gas changes the compression end temperature, thereby effectively broadening the range of experimental conditions.
本发明采用如下技术方案来实现的：The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize:
一种用于实验室快速压缩机的压缩终点温度调节方法，包括以下步骤：A method for adjusting the temperature at the end of compression for a laboratory fast compressor, comprising the following steps:
1)确定快速压缩机实验中可燃混合气的组分，即确定燃料气体，氧气，稀释气体各自在总可燃混合气的体积分数X1，X2，X3；1) Determine the composition of the combustible mixture in the fast compressor experiment, that is, determine the volume fractions X1, X2, and X3 of fuel gas, oxygen, and diluent gas in the total combustible mixture;
2)确定燃烧室内可燃混合气的总压力为P，根据各气体体积分数算出对应分压Pi＝P*Xi，i＝1、2、3；2) Determine the total pressure of the combustible mixture in the combustion chamber as P, calculate the corresponding partial pressure Pi=P*Xi, i=1, 2, 3 according to the volume fraction of each gas;
3)使用真空泵抽空混气罐后，用压力表测量混气罐内压力，记录数值V0，充入燃料气体至压力表示数为V1，使得V1-VO＝P*X1；3) After using the vacuum pump to evacuate the gas mixing tank, measure the pressure inside the gas mixing tank with a pressure gauge, record the value V0, fill in the fuel gas until the pressure expression is V1, so that V1-VO=P*X1;
4)充入高纯度氧气至压力表示数为V2，使得V2-V1＝P*X2；4) Fill high-purity oxygen until the pressure expression is V2, so that V2-V1=P*X2;
5)充入高纯度氩气至压力表示数为V3，使得V3-V2＝P*X3，至此完成第一次可燃混合气配置；5) Fill in high-purity argon until the pressure indication is V3, so that V3-V2=P*X3, so far the first combustible gas mixture configuration is completed;
6)使用快速压缩机对该可燃混合气完成一次压缩，并用压力传感器记录下燃烧室内的压力变化；6) Use a fast compressor to compress the combustible mixture once, and use a pressure sensor to record the pressure change in the combustion chamber;
7)根据理想气体绝热公式计算得到本次实验的压缩终点温度Tc；7) Calculate the compression end temperature Tc of this experiment according to the ideal gas adiabatic formula;
8)重复步骤3)-4)后，充入高纯度氮气至压力表示数为V3，使得V3-V2＝P*X3，完成第二次可燃混合气配置；8) After repeating steps 3)-4), fill in high-purity nitrogen until the pressure expression is V3, so that V3-V2=P*X3, and complete the second combustible gas mixture configuration;
9)使用快速压缩机对该可燃混合气完成一次压缩，并用压力传感器记录下燃烧室内的压力变化；9) Use a fast compressor to compress the combustible mixture once, and use a pressure sensor to record the pressure change in the combustion chamber;
10)根据理想气体绝热公式计算得到相较前次实验更低的压缩终点温度。10) According to the ideal gas adiabatic formula, the compression end temperature is lower than that of the previous experiment.
本发明进一步的改进在于，步骤7)的具体实现方法如下：A further improvement of the present invention is that the specific implementation method of step 7) is as follows:
701)在物质热力学参数手册上查出燃料气体、氧气、氩气、氮气的比热容比分别为γ1、γ2、γ3、γ4；701) The specific heat capacity ratios of fuel gas, oxygen, argon, and nitrogen are found to be γ 1 , γ 2 , γ 3 , and γ 4 in the material thermodynamic parameter manual;
702)根据公式γ＝∑iγiXi计算得到可燃混合气的比热容比γ；702) Calculate the specific heat capacity ratio γ of the combustible mixture according to the formula γ=∑ i γ i X i ;
703)使用温度计测量出实验前可燃混合气所在环境室温Ti；703) Use a thermometer to measure the ambient room temperature Ti of the combustible mixture before the experiment;
704)根据压力传感器记录数据得到燃烧室内可燃混合气在压缩前和压缩终点的压力分别为Pi和Pc；704) According to the data recorded by the pressure sensor, the pressures of the combustible mixture in the combustion chamber before compression and at the end of compression are P i and P c respectively;
705)根据理想气体绝热压缩公式计算可燃混合气在当前条件下的压缩终点温度Tc。705) According to the ideal gas adiabatic compression formula Calculate the compression end temperature Tc of the combustible mixture under the current conditions.
本发明具有如下有益的技术效果：The present invention has following beneficial technical effect:
本发明通过采用氩气，氮气，等稀释气体的搭配，可在不改变压缩比的条件下有效调节压缩终点混合气的温度。使用此方法可在不改变实验装置压缩比的情况下调节压缩终点温度，避免了实验装置的拆卸，消除了因装置拆装带来的磨损以及实验初始条件的变化，提高了实验重复性与稳定性，并延长了实验装置的使用寿命。此外，在相同压缩终点温度范围内，相比于改变压缩比的调节方法，本方法所需的可燃混合气初始压力更少，这节约了配置可燃混合气的时间，经济成本，也为一些低饱和蒸气压燃料实验的开展提供了可行性。The present invention can effectively adjust the temperature of the mixed gas at the end of compression without changing the compression ratio by adopting the combination of argon, nitrogen, and other diluent gases. Using this method, the compression end temperature can be adjusted without changing the compression ratio of the experimental device, which avoids the disassembly of the experimental device, eliminates the wear and tear caused by the disassembly of the device and the change of the initial conditions of the experiment, and improves the repeatability and stability of the experiment. performance and prolong the service life of the experimental device. In addition, in the same compression end temperature range, compared with the adjustment method of changing the compression ratio, this method requires less initial pressure of the combustible mixture, which saves the time and economic cost of configuring the combustible mixture. The experiment of saturated vapor pressure fuel provides feasibility.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为压缩终点温度与稀释气组分的对应关系。Figure 1 shows the correspondence between the compression end temperature and the components of the dilution gas.
图2为调节压缩比方法与本方法在不同压缩终点温度与所需初始混合气压力的对应关系。Fig. 2 is the corresponding relationship between the method of adjusting the compression ratio and this method at different compression end temperatures and the required initial mixed gas pressure.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图和实施例对发明做出进一步的说明。The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
对于不同的研究对象和实验条件，本方法的改进效果也不尽相同。以下结合具体实例说明，对于由正庚烷，氧气，稀释气体组成的可燃混合气，在当量比1.0，稀释比3.72，压缩终点压力20bar条件下，欲调节可燃混合气压缩终点温度从850K变化至750K。For different research objects and experimental conditions, the improvement effect of this method is not the same. The following is illustrated in conjunction with specific examples. For a combustible mixture composed of n-heptane, oxygen, and diluent gas, under the conditions of equivalence ratio 1.0, dilution ratio 3.72, and compression end pressure of 20 bar, it is desired to adjust the compression end temperature of the combustible mixture from 850K to 750K.
1)在物质热力学参数手册上查出正庚烷，氧气，氩气，氮气的比热容比分别为γ1，γ2，γ3，γ4。1) The specific heat capacity ratios of n-heptane, oxygen, argon, and nitrogen are found to be γ1, γ2, γ3, and γ4 in the material thermodynamic parameter manual.
2)根据当量比与稀释比确定正庚烷，氧气，稀释气体体积在总可燃混合气中的占比分别为X1，X2，Xd。有X1+X2+Xd＝1。2) According to the equivalence ratio and the dilution ratio, determine the volume ratios of n-heptane, oxygen, and diluent gas in the total combustible mixture as X1, X2, and Xd, respectively. There is X1+X2+Xd=1.
3)稀释气体由氮气和氩气组成，氩气和氮气体积分数分别为X3，X4。有X3+X4＝Xd。3) The dilution gas is composed of nitrogen and argon, and the gas fractions of argon and nitrogen are X3 and X4 respectively. There is X3+X4=Xd.
4)使用温度计测量出实验前可燃混合气所在环境室温Ti。4) Use a thermometer to measure the ambient room temperature Ti of the combustible mixture before the experiment.
5)当稀释气体为全氩气时，即氮气体积分数X4为0。5) When the diluent gas is all argon, that is, the nitrogen gas fraction X4 is 0.
6)根据公式γ＝∑iγiXi计算得到可燃混合气的比热容比γ。6) Calculate the specific heat capacity ratio γ of the combustible mixture according to the formula γ=∑ i γ i X i .
7)使用快速压缩机对可燃混合气完成一次压缩冲程，并用压力传感器记录燃烧室内的压力随时间变化的关系。根据压力传感器记录数据得到可燃混合气在压缩前和压缩终点的压力Pi和Pc。7) Use a fast compressor to complete a compression stroke on the combustible mixture, and use a pressure sensor to record the pressure in the combustion chamber as a function of time. According to the data recorded by the pressure sensor, the pressures Pi and P c of the combustible mixture before compression and at the end of compression are obtained.
8)根据理想气体绝热压缩公式计算可燃混合气在当前稀释气组分下的压缩终点温度Tc。8) According to the ideal gas adiabatic compression formula Calculate the compression end temperature T c of the combustible mixture under the current dilution gas composition.
9)当稀释气体为90％氩气和10％氮气时，X3＝0.9*Xd，X4＝0.1*Xd，重复步骤6-8得到可燃混合气在当前稀释气组分下的压缩终点温度Tc。9) When the dilution gas is 90% argon and 10% nitrogen, X3=0.9*Xd, X4=0.1*Xd, repeat steps 6-8 to obtain the compression end temperature T c of the combustible mixture under the current dilution gas composition .
10)进一步降低氩气在稀释气体中的体积分数，直至稀释气体为全氮气，可得到氩气在稀释气体中的占比从100％按10％递减至0％时对应的压缩终点温度值变化关系，如图1所示。10) Further reduce the volume fraction of argon in the diluent gas until the diluent gas is all nitrogen, and the corresponding change in the compression end temperature value when the proportion of argon in the diluent gas decreases from 100% to 0% by 10% can be obtained relationship, as shown in Figure 1.
从图1可得，稀释气体为全氩气时，压缩终点温度为919.65K，稀释气体为全氮气时，压缩终点温度为704.85K，即使用调节稀释气体组分的方法可完全覆盖750-850K的压缩终点温度范围。若使用改变压缩比调节压缩终点温度的方法，将不同压缩终点温度与所需初始混合气压力的对应关系绘制如图2所示，可发现本方法在相同压缩终点温度下所需的可燃混合气初始压力更低，尤其在低温范围，本方法所需的可燃混合气初始压力显著低于改变当量比的调节方法。It can be seen from Figure 1 that when the diluent gas is all argon, the compression end temperature is 919.65K, when the diluent gas is all nitrogen, the compression end temperature is 704.85K, even if the method of adjusting the diluent gas composition can completely cover 750-850K The compression end temperature range. If the method of changing the compression ratio to adjust the compression end temperature is used, and the corresponding relationship between different compression end temperatures and the required initial mixture pressure is drawn as shown in Figure 2, it can be found that the combustible mixture required by this method at the same compression end temperature The initial pressure is lower, especially in the low temperature range, and the initial pressure of the combustible mixture required by the method is significantly lower than that of the adjustment method of changing the equivalence ratio.
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