CN109280815A - A kind of aluminum alloy for explosion-proof and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of explosion-proof aluminium alloys and preparation method thereof, it is a kind of explosion-proof use aluminium alloy, which is characterized in that by following weight percentage at being grouped as: Fe 0.8~1.4%, Mn 0.4~0.6%, Si 0.04~0.14%, surplus are Al and inevitable impurity.While aluminum alloy plate materials provided by the invention have good elongation percentage, it may have higher tensile strength and yield strength, aluminium alloy plastic deformation ability improve, easy processing molding.Invented it is explosion-proof can be not only used for battery case and explosion-proof covering board with aluminium alloy, also can be applied to the shell etc. of the instrument and meter and mobile device that use under the shell that can make capacitor and explosion-proof covering board and explosive environments.

Description

A kind of explosion-proof aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of explosion-proof aluminium alloys and preparation method thereof.

Background technique

In recent years, the alkaline battery of various high capacities, lithium battery etc. are widely used in electric bicycle, electronic vapour The movable type electric appliance and electronic equipment such as vehicle, electric tool, laptop computer, mobile phone, video camera and digital camera.But this high capacity electricity Pond is enclosed in the explosion accident caused in a closed container and occurs again and again, this is because battery improper use, such as collision, mistake Fill, short circuit, overheat etc., inside can generate abnormal gas so that play that cell internal pressure is excessive and the phenomenon that explode.For Prevent high-capacity battery from exploding, usual battery outer packing is using aluminum alloy materials production shell and explosion-proof covering board, reason aluminium Alloy thermal conductivity is good, even if collide in use with other objects, deformation heat can be largely promptly attached Part is absorbed and is dispersed, and it is lower that heat possessed by lower particle is cut in defibrator process, will not cause subsequent explosion under explosive environments, with very Good safety anti-explosive performance.Secondly lead to internal generation bulk gas in over-charging of battery, short circuit, overheat and cause inside battery In the case of pressure increases suddenly, when pressure is more than the predetermined pressure that the rupture pressure disc on explosion-proof covering board is able to bear, rupture pressure disc is torn It splits, battery pressure release, to avoid exploding.Currently, high-capacity battery shell and the most common material of explosion-proof covering board are 3xxx system aluminium Alloy.But 3xxx line aluminium alloy makes explosion-proof covering board, and that there are the strengths of materials is excessive, is not able to satisfy pressure-relief explosion-proof under authorized pressure.Cause The explosion-proof covering board of this current battery generallys use 1xxx line aluminium alloy foil production rupture pressure disc, is welded in explosion-proof covering board relief hole. But that there are sealing performances is poor for welding, and the problems such as the foil too thin breakage there are in cover board processing, transport, use, thus leads Entire battery is caused to scrap.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, for current battery explosion-proof covering board 3xxx system alloy The not ideal enough problem of intensity, develops a kind of lower production costs, and strength character meets explosion-proof relief requirement, has good punching press The explosion-proof of performance uses novel aluminum alloy, to avoid and prevent cell safety accident from from occurring.

To achieve the goals above, the purpose of the present invention is realized by following technical proposal:

It is a kind of explosion-proof use aluminium alloy, which is characterized in that by following weight percentage at being grouped as: Fe 0.8~ 1.4%, 0.4~0.6% Mn, Si 0.04~0.14%, surplus are Al and inevitable impurity.

Preferably, for the inevitable impurity individual event content less than 0.002%, summation is no more than 0.015%.

The above-mentioned explosion-proof preparation method with aluminium alloy, which comprises the following steps:

Step 1: alloy cast ingot being prepared using forging type, in the fabrication process the weight percent content of control composition Are as follows: Fe 0.8~1.4%, Mn 0.4~0.6%, Si 0.04~0.14%, surplus are Al and inevitable impurity；

Step 2: homogenization: alloy cast ingot being warming up to 450~550 DEG C with 15~40 DEG C/h, 4~10h of heat preservation is cooling；

Step 3: hot rolling deformation: ingot casting after homogenization being carried out at 5~60min preheating in 400~550 DEG C of heating furnaces Reason, 400~550 DEG C of start rolling temperature, finishing temperature is not less than 350 DEG C, reduction in pass 30~60%；

Step 4: cold-rolling deformation: cold rolling, total deformation 20~90%, reduction in pass will be carried out after plate cooling after hot rolling 10~30%；

Step 5: annealing heat-treatment: it is then air-cooled by plate after cold rolling in 450~570 DEG C of heating furnace inside holding 1~2h, Obtain that there is the explosion-proof of good formability to use aluminum alloy plate materials.

Preferably, the preparation method of the alloy cast ingot in the step 1 include: by commercial-purity aluminium, Al-20wt%Si or Si, Al-20wt%Fe or Fe and Al-10wt%Mn or Mn carry out melting in resistance furnace, in fusion process sampling analysis at Point, if composition measurement value is lower than design value, addition can be improved the intermediate alloy or pure metal of the component content, if ingredient Measured value is higher than design value, and addition metal fine aluminium is diluted, until each component content of alloy cast ingot meets setting value；It is straight later It connects in the punching block that melt is cast to surrounding water cooling and obtains alloy cast ingot.

Preferably, (ratio of 0.2% yield strength and tensile strength is the described explosion-proof yield tensile ratio with aluminum alloy plate materials 0.2% yield strength/tensile strength) it is 0.56 hereinafter, breaking elongation is 26% or more.

It is of the invention it is explosion-proof with the purport of material be a kind of Al-Fe-Mn-S aluminium alloy, this is because Si can improve aluminium machine Tool performance, solid solution Si be able to suppress plate it is stamping in be directed to the localization of dislocation in material, therefore have The effect that the low strain dynamic domain of stretcher strain is proliferated dislocation uniformly to high strain domain.Slave height when thus, it is possible to inhibit stamping Strain domain improves elongation percentage to the inhomogeneous deformation of fracture.If Si content is very few, it is dissolved the reduction of Si amount, when stamping Elongation percentage and Work Hardening Characteristic reduce, if but Si content it is excessive, coarse precipitates are formed, and significantly plate occurs in hot rolling It splits.Therefore, the preferred lower limit value of Si is 0.8%, preferred upper limit value 1.4%.And manganese can significant solution strengthening and crystal grain it is micro- Refinement, the intensity enabled aluminum alloy to improve.If but Mn is higher than the quantitative change of 1.0%, Al-Mn series intermetallic compound and more becomes and destroy Starting point, elongation percentage is easily reduced.Furthermore aluminum alloy plate materials contain more Goss texture and Brass texture, and plate can be made flat Face plastic anisotropy increases, and considers that these texture components and density can influence sheet alloy again by different scale particle Crystallization process and obtain regulation and optimization.Therefore a certain amount of solute element Fe is introduced in alloy matrix aluminum, make Fe element with The alloy cpds particles such as different scale, form and the distribution that the solute elements such as Si and Mn are formed, such as α-AlFeSi, β- The phases such as AlFeSi, Al2Fe and Al2 (Fe, Mn) are capable of the texture component and density of Effective Regulation sheet alloy.But if single Solely not only melting difficulty is big but also is difficult uniformly for addition pure Fe, therefore is carried out using the higher Al-Fe intermediate alloy of price The addition of solute element Fe.Either make full use of recycling aluminium alloy or common aluminium ingot as raw material, because of such raw material Generally contain Fe element, this not only may be implemented addition Fe element and then forms richness Fe phase particle, but also aluminium can be significantly reduced The production cost of sheet alloy.It is of the invention it is explosion-proof can be not only used for battery case and explosion-proof covering board with aluminium alloy, can also be with It is applied to the instrument and meter and mobile device used under the shell that can make capacitor and explosion-proof covering board and explosive environments Shell etc..

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

While aluminum alloy plate materials provided by the invention have good elongation percentage, it may have higher tensile strength and surrender Intensity, aluminium alloy plastic deformation ability improve, easy processing molding.Al-Fe-Mn-S aluminium alloy lower production costs of the invention, Strength character can satisfy explosion-proof relief requirement and have good stamping performance, can be avoided and prevent cell safety accident from sending out It is raw.

Specific embodiment

Present invention will be further explained below with reference to specific examples.It should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention Rather than it limits the scope of the invention.In addition, it should also be understood that, after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art Member can make various changes or modifications the present invention, and such equivalent forms equally fall within the application the appended claims and limited Range.

Embodiment 1

A kind of explosion-proof preparation method with aluminium alloy, specific steps are as follows:

Step 1: alloy cast ingot being prepared using forging type: by commercial-purity aluminium, intermediate alloy Al-20wt%Si, Al- 20wt%Fe, Al-10wt%Mn are placed in resistance furnace, specific fusion process are as follows: crucible is all added in commercial-purity aluminium first, it will Furnace temperature is set in 900 DEG C, and after fine aluminium fusing, Al-20wt%Si, Al-20wt%Fe, Al-10wt%Mn intermediate alloy is added, Continue melt heating, melted to intermediate alloy, melt temperature, which is stirred it after reaching 750 DEG C, keeps solute element mixing equal It is even, sampling analysis ingredient when then setting furnace temperature makes melt cool to 730 DEG C after 750 DEG C of heat preservation 30min, if certain ingredient is surveyed Magnitude is lower than design value, the ingredient or corresponding intermediate alloy is properly added according to scaling loss situation, if composition measurement value is higher than Design value is properly added a certain amount of metal fine aluminium according to excessive value and is diluted；Continue to skim after melt rises to 740 DEG C, The refining agent purchased from Jiangxi Pin Meng metallurgical material Co., Ltd that weight alloy 0.2% is added carries out refinery by de-gassing, finally herein Directly melt is cast in the punching block of surrounding water cooling after temperature 10min, obtains alloy 1#.Carry out an invention the specific of alloy Chemical component is shown in Table 1.

Step 2: Homogenization Treatments, treatment process are as follows: started to warm up with 20 DEG C/h heating rate, to temperature are carried out to alloy 1# Degree reaches 450 DEG C of heat preservation 10h, takes out sample when then with the rate of temperature fall of 20 DEG C/h cooling to 100 DEG C with the furnace again.

Step 3: hot rolling deformation: cutting off milling face for ingot casting after homogenization, carries out at 30min preheating in 450 DEG C of heating furnaces Reason, 450 DEG C of start rolling temperature, reduction in pass is 30~60%, and hot rolling total deformation > 90%, finishing temperature is not less than 350 DEG C；

Step 4: cold-rolling deformation: cooling down the plate after hot rolling in a manner of air-cooled, then by its cold rolling, passage pressure Amount is in 10~20%, and total deformation is 50~90%；

Step 5: annealing heat-treatment: and then be placed on cold rolled sheet in heating furnace at a temperature of 570 DEG C keep the temperature 1h after it is air-cooled, It is cold rolled to 1mm again, obtains that there is the explosion-proof of good formability to use aluminum alloy plate materials.Cold rolling sample is carried out respectively cupping experiment and Tensile tests at room, tensile sample are sampled along 0 °, 45 ° and 90 ° three direction of rolling direction respectively.Erichsen number and mechanical property As shown in table 2.

Table 1 carries out an invention alloy composition (mass percent, wt%)

Si

Fe

Mn

Cu

Mg

Cr

Zn

Al

1#

0.08

0.8

0.6

≤ 0.002%

≤ 0.001%

≤ 0.001%

≤ 0.002%

Remaining

2#

0.04

1.0

0.4

≤ 0.002%

≤ 0.001%

≤ 0.001%

≤ 0.002%

Remaining

3#

0.10

1.4

0.5

≤ 0.002%

≤ 0.001%

≤ 0.001%

≤ 0.002%

Remaining

4#

0.14

1.2

0.5

≤ 0.002%

≤ 0.001%

≤ 0.001%

≤ 0.002%

Remaining

Embodiment 2

A kind of explosion-proof preparation method with aluminium alloy, specific steps are as follows:

Step 1: alloy cast ingot is prepared using forging type, specific steps are similar to embodiment 1, and only raw material proportioning is different, Alloy 2# is obtained, specific chemical composition is shown in Table 1.

Step 2: Homogenization Treatments, treatment process are as follows: started to warm up with 40 DEG C/h heating rate, to temperature are carried out to alloy 2# Degree reaches 500 DEG C of heat preservation 8h, takes out sample when then with the rate of temperature fall of 20 DEG C/h being cooled to 100 DEG C with furnace again.

Step 3: hot rolling deformation: ingot casting being cut off into milling face after homogenization, the pre-heat treatment, i.e., 400 DEG C are carried out in heating furnace 30min is kept the temperature, 400 DEG C of start rolling temperature, reduction in pass is 30~60%, and hot rolling total deformation > 90%, finishing temperature is not low In 350 DEG C；

Step 4: cold-rolling deformation: to the plate after hot rolling to be cooled down in a manner of air-cooled, then by its cold rolling, passage pressure Lower amount is in 10~20%, and total deformation is 50~90%；

Step 5: annealing heat-treatment: and then be placed in heating furnace on cold rolled sheet, sky after 1.5h is kept the temperature at a temperature of 550 DEG C It is cold, then it is cold rolled to 1mm, obtain that there is the explosion-proof of good formability to use aluminum alloy plate materials.Carry out cupping reality respectively to cold rolling sample It tests and tensile tests at room, tensile sample is sampled along 0 °, 45 ° and 90 ° three direction of rolling direction respectively.Erichsen number and mechanics Performance is as shown in table 2.

Embodiment 3

A kind of explosion-proof preparation method with aluminium alloy, specific steps are as follows:

Step 1: alloy cast ingot is prepared using forging type, specific steps are similar to embodiment 1, and only raw material proportioning is different, Alloy 3# is obtained, specific chemical composition is shown in Table 1.

Step 2: Homogenization Treatments, treatment process are as follows: started to warm up with 20 DEG C/h heating rate, to temperature are carried out to alloy 3# Degree reaches 550 DEG C of heat preservation 6h, takes out sample when then with the rate of temperature fall of 20 DEG C/h being cooled to 100 DEG C with furnace again.

Step 3: ingot casting hot rolling deformation: being cut off into milling face, the pre-heat treatment in heating furnace, i.e., 450 DEG C heat preservations after homogenization 30min.450 DEG C of start rolling temperature, reduction in pass is 30~60%, and hot rolling total deformation > 90%, finishing temperature is not less than 350 ℃；

Step 4: cold-rolling deformation: to the plate after hot rolling to be cooled down in a manner of air-cooled, then by its cold rolling, passage pressure Lower amount is in 10~20%, and total deformation is 50~90%；

Step 5: annealing heat-treatment: and then be placed in heating furnace on cold rolled sheet, it is air-cooled then cold after 500 DEG C of heat preservation 1.5h 1mm is rolled, obtains that there is the explosion-proof of good formability to use aluminum alloy plate materials.Cupping experiment and room temperature are carried out respectively to cold rolling sample Stretching experiment, tensile sample are sampled along 0 °, 45 ° and 90 ° three direction of rolling direction respectively.Erichsen number and mechanical property such as table Shown in 2.

Embodiment 4

A kind of explosion-proof preparation method with aluminium alloy, specific steps are as follows:

Step 1: alloy cast ingot is prepared using forging type, specific steps are similar to embodiment 1, and only raw material proportioning is different, Alloy 4# is obtained, specific chemical composition is shown in Table 1.

Step 2: Homogenization Treatments, treatment process are as follows: started to warm up with 20 DEG C/h heating rate, to temperature are carried out to alloy 4# Degree reaches 550 DEG C of heat preservation 4h, takes out sample when then with the rate of temperature fall of 20 DEG C/h being cooled to 100 DEG C with furnace again.

Step 3: ingot casting hot rolling deformation: being cut off into milling face, the pre-heat treatment in heating furnace, 500 DEG C of heat preservations after homogenization 30min, 500 DEG C of start rolling temperature, reduction in pass is 30~60%, and hot rolling total deformation > 90%, finishing temperature is not less than 350 ℃；

Step 4: cold-rolling deformation: to the plate after hot rolling to be cooled down in a manner of air-cooled, then by its cold rolling, passage pressure Lower amount is in 10~20%, and total deformation is 50~90%；

Step 5: annealing heat-treatment: and then be placed in heating furnace on cold rolled sheet, it is air-cooled after 450 DEG C of heat preservation 2h, then cold rolling To 1mm, obtain that there is the explosion-proof of good formability to use aluminum alloy plate materials.It carries out cupping experiment respectively to cold rolling sample and room temperature is drawn Experiment is stretched, tensile sample is sampled along 0 °, 45 ° and 90 ° three direction of rolling direction respectively.Erichsen number and mechanical property such as table 2 It is shown.

Table 2 carries out an invention Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloys

Claims (5)

1. a kind of explosion-proof use aluminium alloy, which is characterized in that by following weight percentage at being grouped as: Fe 0.8~1.4%, Mn 0.4~0.6%, Si 0.04~0.14%, surplus are Al and inevitable impurity.

2. explosion-proof aluminium alloy as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the inevitable impurity individual event content is small In 0.002%, summation is no more than 0.015%.

3. the explosion-proof preparation method with aluminium alloy of any of claims 1 or 2, which comprises the following steps:

Step 1: alloy cast ingot being prepared using forging type, in the fabrication process the weight percent content of control composition are as follows: Fe 0.8~1.4%, Mn 0.4~0.6%, Si 0.04~0.14%, surplus are Al and inevitable impurity；

Step 2: homogenization: alloy cast ingot being warming up to 450~550 DEG C with 15~40 DEG C/h, 4~10h of heat preservation is cooling；

Step 3: hot rolling deformation: ingot casting after homogenization being subjected to 5~60min the pre-heat treatment in 400~550 DEG C of preheating furnaces, is opened 400~550 DEG C of temperature are rolled, finishing temperature is not less than 350 DEG C, reduction in pass 30~60%；

Step 4: cold-rolling deformation: will carry out cold rolling after plate is cooling after hot rolling, total deformation 20~90%, and reduction in pass 10~ 30%；

Step 5: annealing heat-treatment: it is then air-cooled by plate after cold rolling in 450~570 DEG C of heating furnace inside holding 1~2h, it obtains Explosion-proof with good formability uses aluminum alloy plate materials.

4. the explosion-proof preparation method with aluminium alloy as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the alloy in the step 1 The preparation method of ingot casting includes: by commercial-purity aluminium, Al-20wt%Si or Si, Al-20wt%Fe or Fe and Al-10wt%Mn Or Mn carries out melting in resistance furnace, sampling analysis ingredient in fusion process, if composition measurement value is lower than design value, adds energy The intermediate alloy or pure metal of the component content are enough improved, if composition measurement value is higher than design value, addition metal fine aluminium is carried out Dilution, until each component content of alloy cast ingot meets setting value；Directly melt is cast to later in the punching block of surrounding water cooling and is obtained To alloy cast ingot.

5. the explosion-proof preparation method with aluminium alloy as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that described explosion-proof to use aluminium alloy plate The yield tensile ratio of material is 0.56 hereinafter, breaking elongation is 26% or more.