CN109269918B - Rock mechanical testing machine capable of continuously changing shearing direction - Google Patents
Rock mechanical testing machine capable of continuously changing shearing direction Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
本发明涉及室内岩石力学试验装置，更具体涉及可连续变化剪切方向的岩石力学试验机，属于岩土工程技术领域。该试验机由承台、第一齿轮、电机、第二齿轮、轴承、轴承端盖、支柱、剪切盒、加力装置组成，本发明的可连续变化剪切方向的岩石力学试验机解决了传统剪切试验不能变化剪切方向的难题，可独立或混合地控制法向应力的施加、剪切应力的施加、剪切面旋转，连续变化剪切方向的岩石力学试验机结构简单，实用性强，服务于岩石力学理论与试验，可普遍用于工程中岩体破裂过程和破裂机制的精确描述。
The invention relates to an indoor rock mechanics testing device, more specifically to a rock mechanics testing machine that can continuously change the shear direction, and belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering. The testing machine consists of a platform, a first gear, a motor, a second gear, a bearing, a bearing end cover, a pillar, a shearing box, and a force-adding device. The rock mechanics testing machine of the present invention can continuously change the shearing direction to solve the problem of The traditional shear test cannot change the shear direction. The rock mechanics testing machine that can independently or mixedly control the application of normal stress, the application of shear stress, the rotation of the shear plane, and the continuous change of the shear direction has a simple structure and is practical. It is strong, serves rock mechanics theory and experiment, and can be widely used to accurately describe the rock mass fracture process and fracture mechanism in engineering.
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及室内岩石力学试验装置，更具体涉及可连续变化剪切方向的岩石力学试验机，属于岩土工程技术领域。The invention relates to an indoor rock mechanics testing device, more specifically to a rock mechanics testing machine that can continuously change the shear direction, and belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering.
背景技术Background technique
岩土工程中，岩土体破坏表现为压剪破坏、拉剪破坏等形式。其中，对于有围压作用或已支护的岩土体，压剪破坏较为常见。因为压剪的加载措施容易实施，所以压剪试验研究较早，并在岩土工程试验领域被普遍采用。采用传统的压剪试验进行剪切试验时，对试样先施加竖向的法向荷载，然后保持法向荷载不变，施加平行于剪切面的剪切荷载，在整个试验过程中，法向荷载和剪切荷载的方向垂直且不变。但是，在实际工程中，岩土体破裂面的方向并非固定的。例如，受车辆荷载移动变化的作用，若路基中某位置存在损伤，该位置微裂隙的方向逐渐变化；深埋隧道开挖时，随开挖进尺增加，围岩中一点的应力单元体逐渐旋转，相应的，剪切破裂面逐渐变化；地震作用时，在动荷载影响下，岩体破裂面连续变化。可见，受到工程中复杂荷载作用的影响，岩体破裂方向逐渐变化。In geotechnical engineering, rock and soil mass failure manifests itself in the form of compression-shear failure, tension-shear failure, etc. Among them, compression-shear failure is more common for rock and soil bodies with confining pressure or supported. Because compression-shear loading measures are easy to implement, compression-shear testing was studied earlier and is widely used in the field of geotechnical engineering testing. When using the traditional compression shear test to perform a shear test, a vertical normal load is first applied to the specimen, then the normal load is kept unchanged, and a shear load parallel to the shear plane is applied. During the entire test process, the normal load is applied. The directions of radial and shear loads are perpendicular and constant. However, in actual engineering, the direction of the rock and soil fracture surface is not fixed. For example, due to changes in vehicle load movement, if there is damage at a certain location in the roadbed, the direction of the micro-cracks at that location will gradually change; when excavating a deep tunnel, as the excavation footage increases, the stress unit at a point in the surrounding rock will gradually rotate. , correspondingly, the shear rupture surface gradually changes; during earthquake action, under the influence of dynamic load, the rock mass rupture surface changes continuously. It can be seen that due to the influence of complex loads in the project, the fracture direction of the rock mass gradually changes.
因此，传统的压剪试验仪器只能完成法向荷载和剪切荷载方向固定的剪切试验，然而工程中岩体破裂面方向并非固定不变，传统的压剪试验仪器无法实现岩体破裂面方向变化的试验研究，亟需研发一种可连续变化剪切方向的岩石力学试验机，实现工程中岩体破裂过程和破裂机制的精确描述。Therefore, traditional compression-shear testing instruments can only complete shear tests with fixed normal load and shear load directions. However, the direction of the rock mass rupture surface in engineering is not fixed, and traditional compression-shear testing instruments cannot achieve the rock mass rupture surface. For experimental research on direction changes, there is an urgent need to develop a rock mechanics testing machine that can continuously change the shear direction to accurately describe the rock mass fracture process and fracture mechanism in engineering.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是在于提供结构简单、实用性强、服务于岩石力学理论与试验、可连续变化剪切方向的岩石力学试验机。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a rock mechanics testing machine with simple structure, strong practicability, serving rock mechanics theory and experiment, and capable of continuously changing the shear direction.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术措施：In order to achieve the above objects, the present invention adopts the following technical measures:
该试验机由承台、第一齿轮、电机、第二齿轮、轴承、轴承端盖、支柱、剪切盒、加力装置组成，承台呈外径变化的三级空心圆柱凸台状，承台的上部凸台沿正交方向对称开有螺纹孔，承台的中部凸台开有键槽，齿轮销放置于承台的中部凸台的键槽中，第二齿轮通过齿轮销配合安装在承台的中部凸台的外部，轴承配合安装在承台的下部凸台的外部，承台的中部凸台、齿轮销、第二齿轮放置于轴承的内圈上，轴承的外圈固定在轴承端盖上，支柱呈圆柱状，支柱放置于轴承端盖上，第一齿轮安装于电机上，第一齿轮与第二齿轮配合安装，试样呈圆柱状，试样放置于支柱上，上压板放置于试样上，剪切盒由后盒、前盒、第一传力块、第二传力块、球铰座构成，后盒和前盒呈长方拱状，后盒和前盒的下表面沿圆弧方向均匀开有凹槽，承台的上表面开有圆环形凹槽，滚珠放置于承台的凹槽内，后盒和前盒放置于滚珠上，后盒和前盒的凹槽与滚珠配合接触，试样放置于后盒的圆弧状的前表面与前盒的圆弧状的后表面之间，第一传力块和第二传力块呈“L”形，前盒的右端固定连接第一传力块，后盒的左端固定连接第二传力块，球铰座固定于第二传力块的左端，试样与后盒、前盒的高度相等，后盒、前盒的下表面与试样的下表面共面，支柱与试样的半径相等，加力装置由竖向千斤顶、第一滚珠板、第一连接杆、第一挡板、第一水平千斤顶、第二挡板、第二水平千斤顶、第二滚珠板、第三挡板、第二连接杆、第四挡板构成，竖向千斤顶位于试样的上方，竖向千斤顶的上部固定于外部框架，竖向千斤顶的下部固定连接第一滚珠板，竖向千斤顶、试样、支柱、轴承端盖的中轴线共线，第一连接杆的左端与第一传力块的右端接触，第一连接杆的右端固定于第一挡板的左端，第一水平千斤顶位于第二传力块的左方，第一水平千斤顶的左端固定于第二挡板的右端，第一连接杆与第一水平千斤顶、球铰座的中轴线共线，第二水平千斤顶位于后盒的后方，第二水平千斤顶的前端固定连接第二滚珠板，第二水平千斤顶的后端固定于第三挡板的前端，第二连接杆的后端固定于前盒的前端，第二连接杆的前端固定于第四挡板的后端，第二水平千斤顶与第二连接杆共线，第一连接杆与第二水平千斤顶正交于试样的中心，第一挡板、第二挡板、第三挡板、第四挡板分别通过螺栓与螺母固定在承台上。The testing machine consists of a bearing platform, a first gear, a motor, a second gear, a bearing, a bearing end cover, a pillar, a shear box, and a force-adding device. The bearing platform is in the shape of a three-stage hollow cylindrical boss with varying outer diameters. The upper boss of the platform has threaded holes symmetrically along the orthogonal direction. The middle boss of the platform has a keyway. The gear pin is placed in the keyway of the middle boss of the platform. The second gear is installed on the platform through the gear pin. The bearing is mounted on the outside of the middle boss of the platform. The middle boss of the platform, the gear pin, and the second gear are placed on the inner ring of the bearing. The outer ring of the bearing is fixed on the bearing end cover. On the top, the pillar is cylindrical, and the pillar is placed on the bearing end cover. The first gear is installed on the motor, and the first gear and the second gear are installed together. The sample is cylindrical. The sample is placed on the pillar, and the upper pressure plate is placed on On the specimen, the shear box is composed of a back box, a front box, a first force transmission block, a second force transmission block, and a ball hinge seat. The back box and the front box are in the shape of a rectangular arch. The lower surfaces of the back box and the front box Grooves are evenly formed along the arc direction, and annular grooves are formed on the upper surface of the platform. The balls are placed in the grooves of the platform. The back box and the front box are placed on the balls. The grooves of the back box and the front box are The groove is in contact with the ball. The sample is placed between the arc-shaped front surface of the back box and the arc-shaped rear surface of the front box. The first force transmission block and the second force transmission block are in an "L" shape. The right end of the box is fixedly connected to the first force transmission block, the left end of the rear box is fixedly connected to the second force transmission block, the ball hinge seat is fixed to the left end of the second force transmission block, the height of the specimen is equal to that of the rear box and the front box, and the rear box , the lower surface of the front box is coplanar with the lower surface of the sample, and the radius of the pillar and the sample are equal. The force-adding device consists of a vertical jack, the first ball plate, the first connecting rod, the first baffle, and the first horizontal jack. , the second baffle, the second horizontal jack, the second ball plate, the third baffle, the second connecting rod, and the fourth baffle. The vertical jack is located above the sample, and the upper part of the vertical jack is fixed to the external frame. , the lower part of the vertical jack is fixedly connected to the first ball plate, the central axis of the vertical jack, specimen, pillar and bearing end cover are collinear, the left end of the first connecting rod is in contact with the right end of the first force transmission block, the first connection The right end of the rod is fixed on the left end of the first baffle, the first horizontal jack is located on the left side of the second force transmission block, the left end of the first horizontal jack is fixed on the right end of the second baffle, the first connecting rod and the first horizontal jack , the central axis of the ball hinge seat is collinear, the second horizontal jack is located behind the rear box, the front end of the second horizontal jack is fixedly connected to the second ball plate, the rear end of the second horizontal jack is fixed to the front end of the third baffle, The rear end of the two connecting rods is fixed on the front end of the front box, the front end of the second connecting rod is fixed on the rear end of the fourth baffle, the second horizontal jack and the second connecting rod are collinear, the first connecting rod and the second horizontal jack Orthogonal to the center of the sample, the first baffle, the second baffle, the third baffle, and the fourth baffle are fixed on the platform through bolts and nuts respectively.
所述的试样与后盒、前盒的接触面进行减摩处理。The contact surfaces between the sample and the back box and front box are subjected to friction reduction treatment.
由于采用了以上技术方案，该连续变化剪切方向的岩石力学试验机有以下优点：Due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, this rock mechanics testing machine that continuously changes the shear direction has the following advantages:
1该试验机通过电机做功，依次带动第一齿轮、第二齿轮、承台转动，固定于承台的第一挡板、第二挡板、第三挡板、第四挡板跟随转动，由于前盒与第二连接杆、第四挡板组成固定系统，所以前盒跟随转动，由于第二滚珠板与第二水平千斤顶、第三挡板组成固定系统，所以第二滚珠板跟随转动，第二滚珠板对后盒具有限位作用，后盒也跟随转动，因此，前盒与后盒同步转动且转动角度相同，可以实现剪切方向连续变化。1. The testing machine uses the motor to perform work, which sequentially drives the first gear, the second gear, and the platform to rotate. The first baffle, the second baffle, the third baffle, and the fourth baffle fixed to the platform follow the rotation. The front box, the second connecting rod, and the fourth baffle form a fixed system, so the front box follows the rotation. Since the second ball plate, the second horizontal jack, and the third baffle form a fixed system, the second ball plate follows the rotation. The two ball plates have a limiting effect on the rear box, and the rear box also rotates accordingly. Therefore, the front box and the rear box rotate synchronously and at the same angle, which can realize continuous changes in the shearing direction.
2第二水平千斤顶对试样施加法向应力，第一水平千斤顶对试样施加剪切应力，无论剪切面如何旋转，第二水平千斤顶和第一水平千斤顶输出力的大小直接决定法向应力和剪切应力的大小，而不用通过力的分解或合成的运算，因此，试验机对力的输出结构简单，后期试验结果处理过程便捷。2 The second horizontal jack exerts normal stress on the sample, and the first horizontal jack exerts shear stress on the sample. No matter how the shear plane rotates, the output force of the second horizontal jack and the first horizontal jack directly determines the normal stress. and the size of the shear stress without having to decompose or synthesize the force. Therefore, the force output structure of the testing machine is simple, and the subsequent test result processing process is convenient.
3试样与后盒、前盒的接触面进行减摩处理，极大地降低了法向应力和剪切应力的施加与前盒和后盒旋转之间的相互影响，可以实现外力施加时剪切面的连续旋转。3. The contact surfaces between the specimen, the back box, and the front box are subjected to friction reduction treatment, which greatly reduces the interaction between the application of normal stress and shear stress and the rotation of the front box and the back box, and can achieve shearing when external forces are applied. Continuous rotation of the surface.
4通过第二滚珠板、球铰座，极大降低了法向应力和剪切应力施加时剪切盒上的附加摩擦力，削弱了法向应力和剪切应力的相互影响。4. Through the second ball plate and ball hinge seat, the additional friction force on the shear box when normal stress and shear stress are applied is greatly reduced, and the mutual influence of normal stress and shear stress is weakened.
5通过第一传力块和第二传力块的“L”型设计，第一水平千斤顶和第二水平千斤顶的作用力通过试样的形心，极大地避免了附加弯矩的产生，减小剪切试验误差。5 Through the "L" shape design of the first and second force transmission blocks, the force of the first and second horizontal jacks passes through the centroid of the specimen, which greatly avoids the generation of additional bending moments and reduces the Small shear test error.
6该试验机可以实现传统剪切试验的应力路径和传统剪切试验无法完成的应力路径(法向应力和剪切应力不变时剪切面旋转的应力路径、法向应力和剪切应力改变时剪切面旋转的应力路径等)，试验功能丰富，扩展了传统剪切试验的应力路径，可模拟剪切面旋转的岩石破裂过程，模拟结果更接近工程情况，实用性强。6. This testing machine can realize the stress path of the traditional shear test and the stress path that the traditional shear test cannot complete (the stress path of the shear surface rotation when the normal stress and shear stress remain unchanged, the normal stress and the shear stress change The stress path of the shear plane rotation, etc.), the test function is rich, the stress path of the traditional shear test is expanded, and the rock fracture process of the shear plane rotation can be simulated. The simulation results are closer to the engineering situation and have strong practicability.
本发明的连续变化剪切方向的岩石力学试验机解决了传统剪切试验不能变化剪切方向的难题，可独立或混合地控制法向应力的施加、剪切应力的施加、剪切面旋转，连续变化剪切方向的岩石力学试验机结构简单，实用性强，服务于岩石力学理论与试验，可普遍用于工程中岩体破裂过程和破裂机制的精确描述。The rock mechanics testing machine of the present invention that continuously changes the shear direction solves the problem that traditional shear tests cannot change the shear direction, and can independently or mixedly control the application of normal stress, the application of shear stress, and the rotation of the shear plane. The rock mechanics testing machine that continuously changes the shear direction has a simple structure and strong practicability. It serves rock mechanics theory and experiments and can be widely used to accurately describe the rock mass fracture process and fracture mechanism in engineering.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为本发明的连续变化剪切方向的岩石力学试验机结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a rock mechanics testing machine that continuously changes shear direction according to the present invention;
图2为本发明的剪切盒和加力装置的俯视图。Figure 2 is a top view of the shear box and the force applying device of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明进一步说明，见附图。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. See the accompanying drawings.
一种连续变化剪切方向的岩石力学试验机，该试验机由承台10、第一齿轮12、电机13、第二齿轮20、轴承21、轴承端盖22、支柱23、剪切盒、加力装置组成。A rock mechanics testing machine that continuously changes the shear direction. The testing machine consists of a platform 10, a first gear 12, a motor 13, a second gear 20, a bearing 21, a bearing end cover 22, a pillar 23, a shear box, and a processing machine. Composed of force device.
承台10呈外径变化的三级空心圆柱凸台状，承台10的上部凸台沿正交方向对称开有螺纹孔，承台10的中部凸台开有键槽，齿轮销19放置于承台10的中部凸台的键槽中，第二齿轮20通过齿轮销19配合安装在承台10的中部凸台的外部，轴承21配合安装在承台10的下部凸台的外部，承台10的中部凸台、齿轮销19、第二齿轮20放置于轴承21的内圈上，轴承21的外圈固定在轴承端盖22上，轴承21具有支撑承台10、第二齿轮20和阻止承台10的旋转运动传递到轴承端盖22的作用，支柱23呈圆柱状，支柱23放置于轴承端盖22上，第一齿轮12安装于电机13上，第一齿轮12与第二齿轮20配合安装，第一齿轮12将旋转运动传递给第二齿轮20、承台10。试样18呈圆柱状，试样18放置于支柱23上，上压板3放置于试样18上。The platform 10 is in the shape of a three-stage hollow cylindrical boss with varying outer diameters. The upper boss of the platform 10 has threaded holes symmetrically along the orthogonal direction. The middle boss of the platform 10 has a keyway. The gear pin 19 is placed on the platform. In the keyway of the middle boss of the platform 10, the second gear 20 is installed on the outside of the middle boss of the platform 10 through the gear pin 19, and the bearing 21 is installed on the outside of the lower boss of the platform 10. The middle boss, the gear pin 19, and the second gear 20 are placed on the inner ring of the bearing 21. The outer ring of the bearing 21 is fixed on the bearing end cover 22. The bearing 21 has a supporting platform 10, a second gear 20 and a blocking platform. The rotational motion of 10 is transmitted to the bearing end cover 22. The pillar 23 is cylindrical. The pillar 23 is placed on the bearing end cover 22. The first gear 12 is installed on the motor 13. The first gear 12 and the second gear 20 are installed in cooperation with each other. , the first gear 12 transmits the rotation motion to the second gear 20 and the platform 10 . The sample 18 is cylindrical. The sample 18 is placed on the support 23 and the upper platen 3 is placed on the sample 18 .
剪切盒由后盒4、前盒27、第一传力块5、第二传力块17、球铰座16构成，后盒4和前盒27呈长方拱状，后盒4和前盒27的下表面沿圆弧方向均匀开有凹槽，承台10的上表面开有圆环形凹槽，滚珠6放置于承台10的凹槽内，后盒4和前盒27放置于滚珠6上，后盒4和前盒27的凹槽与滚珠6配合接触，滚珠6具有支撑后盒4、前盒27和减摩的作用，试样18放置于后盒4的圆弧状的前表面与前盒27的圆弧状的后表面之间，试样18与后盒4、前盒27的接触面进行减摩处理，试样18与后盒4、前盒27的接触面可采用涂抹特氟龙涂层等措施减小外力施加与剪切盒旋转的相互影响，第一传力块5和第二传力块17呈“L”形，前盒27的右端固定连接第一传力块5，后盒4的左端固定连接第二传力块17，球铰座16固定于第二传力块17的左端。试样18与后盒4、前盒27的高度相等，后盒4、前盒27的下表面与试样18的下表面共面，支柱23与试样18的半径相等。The shear box is composed of a back box 4, a front box 27, a first force transmission block 5, a second force transmission block 17, and a ball hinge seat 16. The back box 4 and the front box 27 are in the shape of a rectangular arch. The lower surface of the box 27 has grooves evenly along the arc direction, and the upper surface of the platform 10 has an annular groove. The balls 6 are placed in the grooves of the platform 10, and the rear box 4 and the front box 27 are placed in the groove. On the ball 6, the grooves of the back box 4 and the front box 27 are in cooperative contact with the ball 6. The ball 6 has the function of supporting the back box 4 and the front box 27 and reducing friction. The sample 18 is placed on the arc-shaped part of the back box 4. Between the front surface and the arc-shaped rear surface of the front box 27, the contact surfaces of the sample 18 and the rear box 4 and the front box 27 are subjected to friction reduction treatment. The contact surfaces of the sample 18 and the rear box 4 and the front box 27 can be Measures such as applying Teflon coating are used to reduce the interaction between the external force application and the rotation of the shear box. The first force transmission block 5 and the second force transmission block 17 are in an "L" shape, and the right end of the front box 27 is fixedly connected to the first force transmission block 27. The force transmission block 5 and the left end of the rear box 4 are fixedly connected to the second force transmission block 17, and the ball hinge seat 16 is fixed to the left end of the second force transmission block 17. The height of the sample 18 is equal to that of the back box 4 and the front box 27. The lower surfaces of the back box 4 and the front box 27 are coplanar with the lower surface of the sample 18. The radii of the pillars 23 and the sample 18 are equal.
加力装置由竖向千斤顶1、第一滚珠板2、第一连接杆7、第一挡板8、第一水平千斤顶15、第二挡板14、第二水平千斤顶25、第二滚珠板26、第三挡板24、第二连接杆28、第四挡板29构成，竖向千斤顶1位于试样18的上方，竖向千斤顶1的上部固定于外部框架，竖向千斤顶1的下部固定连接第一滚珠板2，竖向千斤顶1、试样18、支柱23、轴承端盖22的中轴线共线，第一连接杆7的左端与第一传力块5的右端接触，第一连接杆7的右端固定于第一挡板8的左端，第一水平千斤顶15位于第二传力块17的左方，第一水平千斤顶15的左端固定于第二挡板14的右端，第一连接杆7与第一水平千斤顶15、球铰座16的中轴线共线，第二水平千斤顶25位于后盒4的后方，第二水平千斤顶25的前端固定连接第二滚珠板26，第二水平千斤顶25的后端固定于第三挡板24的前端，第二连接杆28的后端固定于前盒27的前端，第二连接杆28的前端固定于第四挡板29的后端，第二水平千斤顶25与第二连接杆28共线，第一连接杆7与第二水平千斤顶25正交于试样18的中心，第一挡板8、第二挡板14、第三挡板24、第四挡板29分别通过螺栓9与螺母11固定在承台10上。The boosting device consists of a vertical jack 1, a first ball plate 2, a first connecting rod 7, a first baffle 8, a first horizontal jack 15, a second baffle 14, a second horizontal jack 25, and a second ball plate 26. , the third baffle 24, the second connecting rod 28, and the fourth baffle 29, the vertical jack 1 is located above the sample 18, the upper part of the vertical jack 1 is fixed to the external frame, and the lower part of the vertical jack 1 is fixedly connected The central axis of the first ball plate 2, vertical jack 1, specimen 18, pillar 23, and bearing end cover 22 are collinear. The left end of the first connecting rod 7 is in contact with the right end of the first force transmission block 5. The first connecting rod 7 is in contact with the right end of the first force transmission block 5. The right end of 7 is fixed on the left end of the first baffle 8, the first horizontal jack 15 is located on the left side of the second force transmission block 17, the left end of the first horizontal jack 15 is fixed on the right end of the second baffle 14, the first connecting rod 7 is collinear with the central axis of the first horizontal jack 15 and the ball hinge seat 16. The second horizontal jack 25 is located behind the rear box 4. The front end of the second horizontal jack 25 is fixedly connected to the second ball plate 26. The second horizontal jack 25 The rear end of the second connecting rod 28 is fixed on the front end of the third baffle 24, the rear end of the second connecting rod 28 is fixed on the front end of the front box 27, the front end of the second connecting rod 28 is fixed on the rear end of the fourth baffle 29, and the second horizontal The jack 25 and the second connecting rod 28 are collinear, the first connecting rod 7 and the second horizontal jack 25 are orthogonal to the center of the sample 18, the first baffle 8, the second baffle 14, the third baffle 24, the The four baffles 29 are fixed on the platform 10 through bolts 9 and nuts 11 respectively.
本发明的工作原理为：The working principle of the present invention is:
(1)调节竖向千斤顶1、第一水平千斤顶15、第二水平千斤顶25的压头呈收缩状态，将试样18放置于后盒4的圆弧状的前表面与前盒27的圆弧状的后表面之间。(1) Adjust the pressure heads of the vertical jack 1, the first horizontal jack 15, and the second horizontal jack 25 to contract, and place the sample 18 between the arc-shaped front surface of the back box 4 and the arc of the front box 27 between the posterior surfaces of the shape.
(2)调节竖向千斤顶1的压头至第一滚珠板2与上压板3刚接触，调节第一水平千斤顶15的压头使其与球铰座16刚接触，调节第二水平千斤顶25的压头至第二滚珠板26与后盒4刚接触。(2) Adjust the pressure head of the vertical jack 1 until the first ball plate 2 is in firm contact with the upper pressure plate 3. Adjust the pressure head of the first horizontal jack 15 so that it is in firm contact with the ball hinge seat 16. Adjust the pressure head of the second horizontal jack 25. The pressure head reaches the second ball plate 26 and is in just contact with the rear box 4.
(3)安装测量试验过程中试样18变形的位移传感器。(3) Install a displacement sensor that measures the deformation of sample 18 during the test.
(4)竖向千斤顶1施加预应力，当试样18的水平旋转的自由度为零时，保持竖向千斤顶1的预应力值。(4) The vertical jack 1 applies prestress. When the degree of freedom of horizontal rotation of the specimen 18 is zero, the prestress value of the vertical jack 1 is maintained.
(5)按试验要求需对试样18施加法向应力时，调节第二水平千斤顶25的压力值至法向应力满足试验要求。(5) When the normal stress needs to be applied to the sample 18 according to the test requirements, adjust the pressure value of the second horizontal jack 25 until the normal stress meets the test requirements.
(6)按试验要求需对试样18施加剪切应力时，调节第一水平千斤顶15的压力值至剪切应力满足试验要求。(6) When shear stress needs to be applied to the sample 18 according to the test requirements, adjust the pressure value of the first horizontal jack 15 until the shear stress meets the test requirements.
(7)按试验要求需改变试样18的剪切方向时，启动电机13，改变后盒4和前盒27的旋转角度至剪切方向满足试验要求，关闭电机13。(7) When the shearing direction of the sample 18 needs to be changed according to the test requirements, start the motor 13, change the rotation angle of the rear box 4 and the front box 27 to the shearing direction to meet the test requirements, and turn off the motor 13.
(8)完成试验后，调节竖向千斤顶1、第一水平千斤顶15、第二水平千斤顶25的压头呈收缩状态，取出试样18，记录试样破裂形态，整理试验数据。(8) After completing the test, adjust the pressure heads of the vertical jack 1, the first horizontal jack 15, and the second horizontal jack 25 to contract, take out the sample 18, record the rupture shape of the sample, and organize the test data.
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| CN112964573B (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2022-05-03 | 四川大学 | Cylindrical surface direct shear rheological testing machine for cylindrical rock core in deep-ground environment |
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