CN109258695A - 绿针假单胞菌在防治线虫中的应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
绿针假单胞菌(Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp.aureofaciens)在防治线虫中的应用,所述绿针假单胞菌为绿针假单胞菌GDMCC No.60273。绿针假单胞菌在制备防治线虫的生物菌剂中的应用,所述生物菌剂包括作为活性成分的绿针假单胞菌和载体,所述生物菌剂为绿针假单胞菌发酵液。防治线虫的方法,将含有权利要求1中的绿针假单胞菌和/或其发酵液的生物菌剂喷施于患处。本发明的绿针假单胞菌在防治线虫中的应用,以绿针假单胞菌防治线虫,无农药残留,无环境污染,不对人畜造成安全威胁;以绿针假单胞菌的发酵液制备防治线虫的生物菌剂,制备过程简单,成本低,效果好,使用方便。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物防治与生物菌剂,尤其涉及绿针假单胞菌在防治线虫中的应用。
背景技术
植物病原害虫危害森林、粮食、蔬菜、水果等多种植物,其寄主范围广、隐蔽性强、防控困难等特点,已成为威胁农业、林业的关键性病害,给国民经济生产造成了极大影响。全球对于植物、作物病虫害的防治仍以化学防治为主,虽然化学防治措施杀虫效率高,但其存在高毒性、易残留、污染环境等方面的缺陷。随着我国对绿色农业的重视,研究开发绿色安全环保的病原线虫防控技术是促进经济-生态平衡发展的必然举措。
近年来全球与线虫有关的研究较多,涉及从分类到防治的方方面面,在病原、媒介、基因、行为以及共生菌等诸多领域,不过,总体上没有太大突破,线虫病依然肆虐无忌。
线虫病的防治方法主要有物理防治、化学防治和生物防治。物理防治包括汰洗、热处理、射线和超声波处理等,在物理防治方法中应用最多的是热处理,即热水浸泡处理,利用高温将线虫杀死。热水浸泡法能达到一定程度防治线虫的效果,但由于处理的水温不容易控制,易造成死苗情况等。因此,寻找开发针对线虫的高效、低毒、无污染的生防制剂,是控制、治理线虫病的最直接且最经济有效的途径。
秀丽隐杆线虫Caenorhabditis elegans具有生长需求简单、生命周期短、生殖能力强及遗传背景清楚等特点,已成为病原细菌-宿主相互关系研究中的一种优良的模式生物。目前寄生性线虫体内的研究存在一定的局限性,所以用秀丽隐杆线虫进行比较研究是一种有效合理的方法。由于寄生性线虫与秀丽隐杆线虫的结构、发育、生殖等方面有很多相似处,营自由生活系统可以用来较详细研究与秀丽隐杆线虫同源的寄生性线虫的基因。
近年来利用C.elegans为模式,人们在筛选获得杀线菌株及研究病原菌与宿主互作机制等方面取得了丰硕的成果。Criffitts等人揭示了苏云金芽孢杆菌Bacillusthuringiensis的伴胞晶体的杀线机理(Griffitts et al.,2001&2005;彭琦等,2015);Niu等则发现了病原细菌B.nematodida拥有的独特的杀线虫新机制——“特洛伊木马”机制(Niu QH et al.,2010),Zhang等则发现病原菌吸引线虫定殖的作用机理(Zhang CM etal.,2016)。
因此,以C.elegans作为模式生物,分离筛选高效低毒的抗线资源、深入理解病原菌杀线机理,提高生防菌对线虫的致病性,是提高线虫生防制剂杀虫效率亟需解决的关键问题。
发明内容
为了克服化学农药在防治线虫中存在的环境污染、农药残留及威胁人畜健康等问题,本发明提供了绿针假单胞菌(Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp.aureofaciens)GDMCCNo.60273在防治线虫中的应用,此构成本发明的第一个方面。
本发明还提供了绿针假单胞菌在制备防治线虫的生物菌剂中的应用,包括作为活性成分的绿针假单胞菌和载体,此构成本发明的第二个方面。
本发明还提供了一种防治线虫的方法,将含有绿针假单胞菌GDMCC No.60273的和/或其发酵液的生物菌剂喷施于患处,此构成本发明的第三个方面。
本发明的有益效果:以绿针假单胞菌防治线虫,无农药残留,无环境污染,不对人畜造成安全威胁;以绿针假单胞菌的发酵液制备防治线虫的生物菌剂,制备过程简单,成本低,效果好,使用方便。
本发明的绿针假单胞菌(Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp.aureofaciens)已在中国发明专利CN201810082686产挥发性气体拮抗甘薯黑斑病菌的菌株及其应用中公开,其保藏编号为GDMCC No.60273,菌种保藏日期为2017年11月8日,分类名称为:绿针假单胞菌致金色假单胞菌亚种(Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp.aureofaciens)SPS-41,保藏单位名称为广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,地址为中国广州市广东微生物研究所,邮编510075。经保藏单位确认,该菌处于存活状态。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中的绿针假单胞菌杀线虫活性的生测结果。
具体实施方式:
实施例
1细菌生长培养基LB
蛋白胨10g/L,酵母提取物5g/L,NaCl 10g/L,调pH7.0,高温高压灭菌20min。加2%琼脂粉即得LB固体培养基。
2杀线活性检测培养基
NGM培养基:用975ml蒸馏水溶解3g氯化钠,17g琼脂,2.5g多聚蛋白胨,高压蒸汽灭菌。待冷却至55℃左右后,加入1ml 1mol/L CaCl2,1ml 1mol/L MgS04,1ml 5mg/L胆固醇,25ml磷酸钾缓冲液。混匀后倒入培养皿。
线虫Bleach裂解液:
5M NaOH 0.3ml
次氯酸钠 1.2ml
ddH2O 3.5ml
磷酸盐缓冲液
KH2PO4 119g
K2HPO4 21.5g
ddH2O 加水至1L
0.22um过滤除菌。
3线虫冻存方法
秀丽隐杆线虫可以冻存在-80度(Liang,J.,et al.,2003),冻存线虫的具体方法如下:
1、在NGM板上培养线虫;
2、线虫培养至多数为饥饿的L1/L2线虫时,以M9缓冲液将线虫洗下,洗涤2次;
3、取四个冻存管,在每个冻存管里加入0.5ml线虫悬液和0.5ml冻存液,混匀后,于-80冰箱保存;或者一次性加入2ml线虫悬液和2ml冻存液,分装成四管;
4、第二天,取出四个冻存管中的一个进行复苏,复苏的方法是把冻存管拿出来室温融化,溶化后将线虫悬液加到含OP50的NGM板上培养,观查线虫复苏情况。
4线虫培养及同步化
固体培养基培养线虫(Lewis and Fleming,1995;Brenner,1974)
1、OP50活化:将冻存的E.coli OP50在LB平板上划线,37℃培养过夜;
2、挑单菌落接种到液体LB培养,37℃培养过夜;
3、在60mm NGM平板的中央滴加50-200μl OP50菌液,并在操净台中吹干;
4、将加有OP50的平板置于37℃培养;
5、将线虫以M9缓冲液洗下,加入到长有OP50的平板上,于20℃培养。
5细菌杀线虫活性生测
1、将绿针假单胞菌GDMCC No.60273菌株在LB板上划线37℃培养过夜;
2、挑单菌落于液体LB试管中,37℃,180rpm培养过夜;
3、取100μl菌液涂到到NGM(32μM)平板上,37℃培养12h,再于25℃培养12h;
4、将处理好的L4线虫加到含有细菌的NGM平板上,每隔12h进行统计,统计结果如图1所示,可以看出,绿针假单胞菌对L4线虫起到了很好的抑制作用。
Claims (5)
1.绿针假单胞菌(Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp.aureofaciens)在防治线虫中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述绿针假单胞菌为绿针假单胞菌GDMCCNo.60273。
3.权利要求1中的绿针假单胞菌在制备防治线虫的生物菌剂中的应用,其特征在于,所述生物菌剂包括作为活性成分的绿针假单胞菌和载体。
4.根据权利要求3所述的绿针假单胞菌在制备防治线虫的生物菌剂中的应用,其特征在于,所述生物菌剂为绿针假单胞菌发酵液。
5.一种防治线虫的方法,其特征在于,将含有权利要求1中的绿针假单胞菌和/或其发酵液的生物菌剂喷施于患处。
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