CN109256221A - Grease impregnation surface for spiked reactor containment inner wall condensing heat-exchange - Google Patents
Grease impregnation surface for spiked reactor containment inner wall condensing heat-exchange Download PDFInfo
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- CN109256221A CN109256221A CN201811241841.6A CN201811241841A CN109256221A CN 109256221 A CN109256221 A CN 109256221A CN 201811241841 A CN201811241841 A CN 201811241841A CN 109256221 A CN109256221 A CN 109256221A
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- nuclear reactor
- nano structure
- shell
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C13/00—Pressure vessels; Containment vessels; Containment in general
- G21C13/08—Vessels characterised by the material; Selection of materials for pressure vessels
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及用于强化反应堆安全壳内壁面冷凝换热的油脂浸渍表面，提出了核反应堆安全壳及其应用。该核反应堆安全壳包括：壳体，所述壳体的内表面设置有微纳结构层；所述微纳结构层的表面涂覆有油脂，所述油脂具有下列特征的至少之一：在压力为0.05～1MPa的条件下，所述油脂的热解温度不低于200℃，光解温度不低于200℃，蒸发温度不低于200℃，在水中的溶解度不超过1g，满足公式(1‑c)/(c‑f)<Lys(w)/σyw<0，其中，σyw为所述油脂与冷凝液形成的界面的表面能，Lys(w)为冷凝液存在下所述油脂在所述微纳结构层的铺展系数，c为所述微纳结构层的粗糙因子，f为所述微纳结构层的表面固体份额。The invention relates to a grease-impregnated surface for strengthening the condensation heat exchange on the inner wall surface of a reactor containment, and proposes a nuclear reactor containment and its application. The nuclear reactor containment vessel includes: a casing, the inner surface of the casing is provided with a micro-nano structure layer; the surface of the micro-nano structure layer is coated with grease, and the grease has at least one of the following characteristics: when the pressure is Under the condition of 0.05-1MPa, the pyrolysis temperature of the oil is not lower than 200°C, the photolysis temperature is not lower than 200°C, the evaporation temperature is not lower than 200°C, and the solubility in water is not more than 1g, which satisfies the formula (1- c)/(c‑f)<L ys(w) /σ yw <0, wherein, σ yw is the surface energy of the interface formed by the grease and the condensate, and L ys(w) is the condensate described below The spreading coefficient of grease in the micro-nano structure layer, c is the roughness factor of the micro-nano structure layer, and f is the surface solid fraction of the micro-nano structure layer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to surface science and engineering fields, in particular it relates in spiked reactor containment
The grease impregnation surface of wall surface condensing heat-exchange, more particularly it relates to nuclear reactor safety shell, nuclear reaction device, raising
The method of the nuclear reactor safety shell coefficient of heat transfer and the method for improving npp safety coefficient.
Background technique
Nuclear power plant's reactor containment vessel is last one of the barrier for preventing reactor radioactivity from leaking, and is to guarantee nuclear power plant's peace
The critical facility of full property.(such as primary Ioops cut and main steam header road fracture accident), high temperature coolant and steaming under emergency conditions
Vapour is discharged into safe shell-space from reactor circuit, so that temperature, pressure steeply rise in containment, seriously threatens containment
Integrality.Therefore, the timely of containment internal heat is discharged from the integrality for containment or even the safety of entire nuclear power plant
Property is most important.Nuclear power plant generallys use passive containment heat discharge mechanism at present.With AP1000 type pressurized-water reactor nuclear power plant
For, under emergency conditions, steam is condensed in containment inner wall first, then liquid film thermally conductive through steel shell, external and cross-ventilation change
Heat, final heat are released in ambient air.Wherein, containment inner wall condensing heat-exchange is the maximum heat of entire heat exchange link
It is the important link that containment exchange capability of heat is promoted where resistance.
However, it is reported that, containment inner wall is coated with hydrophily (contact angle is less than 30 °) coating, steam mostly at present
The mode of condensation is mainly film condensation.And the coefficient of heat transfer of film condensation 1~2 order of magnitude low compared with dropwise condensation.Therefore, real
The dropwise condensation of existing containment inner wall is a potential approach for promoting containment heat and setting out ability.
Summary of the invention
The application is to be made based on inventor to the discovery of following facts and problem and understanding:
Currently, the process for modifying surface towards dropwise condensation is evolving, specifically include that 1) towards traditional dropwise condensation
Hydrophobic surface, i.e., condensing surface coat hydrophobic layer such as Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE))；2) super towards novel dropwise condensation
Hydrophobic surface constructs micro-nano structure in condensing surface, and is plated with the chemical substance such as silane of low-surface-energy.
However, the above method is applied to nuclear reactor safety shell, there is significant limitation.Firstly, hydrophobicity applies
Thickness degree is big, thermal coefficient is low, this will greatly increase heat transfer resistance, offsets the advantage of dropwise condensation；And it is used for super-hydrophobic change
Coating is learned, although only monolayer thickness, thermal stability is poor, far can not bear the high temperature under reactor accident
Condition.Secondly, above-mentioned low-surface-energy organic substance has the wind of irradiation decomposition, property degradation under the radiation environment of nuclear power plant
Danger.Finally, above-mentioned hydrophobic surface prepare with scale is at high cost, difficulty is big, it is high to be not particularly suited for nuclear reactor safety shell inner wall
Up to thousands of square metres of large-scale application scene.Therefore, to realize the dropwise condensation of containment inner wall, there is also very at present
Big challenge.
Based on the above issues, inventors have found that by a kind of and water objectionable intermingling, physics, chemical property are stablized, and in height
The lubricating oil that can be stabilized under temperature, high humidity and nuclear reactor radiation environment is coated in the containment with micro-nano structure
Inner wall can make containment inner wall have super lubrication property, so that condensing droplet is accelerated to fall off from grease surface, it is significant strong
Change heat exchange, under the conditions of existing for the fixed gas coefficient of heat transfer can relatively traditional dropwise condensation lift up to 80%.In addition, the safety
The surface grease layer of shell structure has self-healing, and the grease of coating can be automatically replenished by the mobility and capillary force of its own
Surface defect, and the preparation method of the containment structure is simple, efficient, low in cost, it only need to be in the safety with micro-nano structure
The lubricating oil that it is special that shell inner wall coats one kind can be formed, and large-scale promote and apply is suitable for.
For this purpose, the invention proposes a kind of nuclear reactor safety shells in the first aspect of the present invention.Reality according to the present invention
Example is applied, the nuclear reactor safety shell includes:
Shell, the inner surface of the shell are provided with micro-nano structure layer；
The surface of the micro-nano structure layer is coated with grease, and the grease has at least one of following features:
Under conditions of pressure is 0.05~1MPa, the pyrolysis temperature of the grease is not less than 200 DEG C, and photodissociation temperature is not low
In 200 DEG C, evaporating temperature is not less than 200 DEG C, and solubility in water is no more than 1g, meets formula (1-c)/(c-f) < Lys(w)/
σyw< 0, wherein σywFor the surface energy at the interface that the grease and condensate liquid are formed, Lys(w)For grease described in the presence of condensate liquid
In the spreading coefficient of the micro-nano structure layer, c is the Rough factor of the micro-nano structure layer, and f is the table of the micro-nano structure layer
Face solid share.
Inventors have found that the grease and water objectionable intermingling, physics, chemical property are stablized, and high temperature, high humidity and
It can be stabilized under nuclear reactor radiation environment, further, the grease can infiltrate micro-nano structure surface, and
In the presence of condensate liquid (such as vapor condensate liquid), the grease still is able to be stabilized, grease-micro-nano structure interface
It will not be condensed replaced liquid-micro-nano structure interface.It will be coated in what micro-nano structure surface was formed with the grease of above-mentioned property
Nuclear reactor safety shell according to an embodiment of the present invention stable in physicochemical property, and the interior table of the containment under high temperature and pressure
Face has super lubrication property, and condensing droplet can be accelerated to fall off from grease surface, significant enhanced heat exchange, the item existing for fixed gas
Under part the coefficient of heat transfer can relatively traditional dropwise condensation lift up to 80%.In addition, the oil layer of the containment inner surface has
The grease of self-healing, coating can be automatically replenished surface defect, and the containment by the mobility and capillary force of its own
Preparation method it is simple, efficient, low in cost, need to only be coated in the containment inner wall with micro-nano structure real according to the present invention
The lubricating oil for applying example can be formed, and large-scale promote and apply is suitable for.
According to an embodiment of the invention, above-mentioned nuclear reactor safety shell can also further comprise following additional technical feature extremely
It is one of few:
According to an embodiment of the invention, the grease further has following features: in the item that pressure is 0.05~1MPa
Under part, meet formula Lyw(q)< 0, wherein Lyw(q)It is in the sprawling for condensate liquid surface for grease described in the presence of air
Number.Inventors have found that condensate liquid will not be coated by meeting the grease of the formula, and in turn, grease feelings existing for condensate liquid
It can be further stabilized under condition.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the coating thickness of the grease is 0.1 to 500 micron, for example 0.5 micron, 1 micro-
Rice, 5 microns, 10 microns, 50 microns, 100 microns or 300 microns.If the coating thickness of grease is blocked up, thermal coefficient is too low,
Greatly increase heat transfer resistance；If the coating thickness of grease is excessively thin, dropwise condensation can not be maintained for a long time.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the grease includes but is not limited to Mobilgear 600XP 680, Mobilgear
600XP 460、Mobilgear 600XP 320、Mobilgear 600XP 220、Mobil DTE 768、Krytox 1525/
1525XP、Krytox 16256/16256XP。
According to an embodiment of the invention, the coating is by carrying out the grease on the surface of the micro-nano structure layer
What the modes such as brushing, spraying or infiltration carried out.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the shell is steel shell or concrete-shell.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the micro-nano structure layer is inorganic zinc micro-nano structure layer.
In the second aspect of the present invention, the invention proposes a kind of nuclear reaction devices.According to an embodiment of the invention, described
Nuclear reaction device includes:
Nuclear reactor safety shell, the nuclear reaction containment is as described in any one of front；
The inside of the nuclear reactor safety shell is arranged in nuclear reactor, the nuclear reactor；
Steam generator, the steam generator be arranged in the nuclear reactor safety shell and with the nuclear reactor phase
Even；And
Cooling unit, the cooling unit include spray thrower and water tank, and the cooling unit is arranged in the nuclear reactor
The outside of containment, for the nuclear reactor safety shell to be carried out cooling treatment.
Inventors have found that the nuclear reactor safety shell in the nuclear reaction device can be by containment under emergency conditions
Internal heat is discharged from time, ensures the safety of nuclear reaction device.
In the third aspect of the present invention, the invention proposes a kind of methods for improving the nuclear reactor safety shell coefficient of heat transfer.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the described method includes:
Grease is coated on the surface of micro-nano structure layer, the shell of nuclear reactor safety shell is arranged in the micro-nano structure layer
Inner surface, the grease have at least one of following features:
Under conditions of pressure is 0.05~1MPa, the pyrolysis temperature of the grease is not less than 200 DEG C, and photodissociation temperature is not low
In 200 DEG C, evaporating temperature is not less than 200 DEG C, and solubility in water is no more than 1g, meets formula (1-c)/(c-f) < Lys(w)/
σyw< 0, wherein σywFor the surface energy at the interface that the grease and condensate liquid are formed, Lys(w)For grease described in the presence of condensate liquid
In the spreading coefficient of the micro-nano structure layer, c is the Rough factor of the micro-nano structure layer, and f is the table of the micro-nano structure layer
Face solid share.
Inventors have found that the method can effectively improve the coefficient of heat transfer of nuclear reactor safety shell, under emergency conditions,
Heat inside containment can be discharged from time by the nuclear reactor safety shell, ensure the safety of nuclear power plant.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the above method can also further comprise at least one following additional technical feature:
According to an embodiment of the invention, the grease further has following features: in the item that pressure is 0.05~1MPa
Under part, meet formula Lyw(q)< 0, wherein Lyw(q)It is in the sprawling for condensate liquid surface for grease described in the presence of air
Number.Inventors have found that condensate liquid will not be coated by meeting the grease of the formula, it still is able in the presence of condensate liquid steady
It is fixed to exist.In turn, the coefficient of heat transfer that can be further improved nuclear reactor safety shell according to the method for the embodiment of the present invention, in thing
Under the conditions of therefore, the heat inside containment can be discharged from time by the nuclear reactor safety shell, further ensure nuclear power plant
Safety.
In the fourth aspect of the present invention, the invention proposes a kind of methods for improving npp safety coefficient.According to this hair
Bright embodiment, which comprises nuclear reactor is arranged in nuclear reactor safety shell described in any of the above embodiments.
Inventors have found that the nuclear reactor safety shell can be timely by the heat inside containment under emergency conditions
It is discharged from, ensures the safety of nuclear power plant.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is drop-wise of the grease superslide according to an embodiment of the present invention surface for realizing when npp safety shell inner wall
Schematic diagram is condensed,
Wherein, a is the complete structural schematic diagram of containment inner wall, and b is the partial enlargement diagram of a, and c is the part of b
Enlarged diagram；
Fig. 2 is contact angle schematic diagram of the condensing droplet according to an embodiment of the present invention on grease superslide surface,
Wherein, a is advancing contact angle schematic diagram, and advancing contact angle ACA is 121.0 ± 0.6 °, and b is receding contact angle signal
Figure, receding contact angle RCA are 120.3 ± 0.4 °, and contact angle hysteresis is 0.3 ± 0.1 °；And
Fig. 3 is dropwise condensation schematic diagram of the condensing droplet according to an embodiment of the present invention on grease superslide surface,
Wherein, a is the growth and merge behavior schematic diagram that grease surface condensation drop changes over time under microscope, and b is
Fall off behavior schematic diagram of the condensing droplet on grease surface under gravity.
Appended drawing reference:
1: nuclear reactor, 2: steam generator, 3: containment, 4: steam, 5: atmosphere, 6: air, 7: water tank, 8: spray
Device, 9: headroom in containment, 10: dropwise condensation, 11: shell, 12: liquid falling film, 13: annular chamber, 14: structures, 15: cold
Lime set, 16: micro-nano structure layer, 17: grease.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described below in detail, examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings.Below with reference to
The embodiment of attached drawing description is exemplary, it is intended to is used to explain the present invention, and is not considered as limiting the invention.
Nuclear reactor safety shell
In the first aspect of the present invention, the invention proposes a kind of nuclear reactor safety shells.According to an embodiment of the invention,
With reference to Fig. 1, which includes:
The inner surface of shell 11, the shell 11 is provided with micro-nano structure layer 16；
The surface of the micro-nano structure layer 16 is coated with grease 17, under conditions of pressure is 0.05~1MPa, the oil
Rouge has at least one of following features:
1) pyrolysis temperature is not less than 200 DEG C, and evaporating temperature is not less than 200 DEG C.Meet the physical property of the grease of the condition
Stabilization is able to maintain under high temperature, high humidity environment with chemical property；
2) photodissociation temperature is not less than 200 DEG C, meets the physicochemical properties of the grease of the condition in reactor irradiation environment
Under be able to maintain that stabilization；
3) solubility in water is no more than 1g, and grease and the water for meeting the condition are immiscible；
4) meet formula (1-c)/(c-f) < Lys(w)/σyw< 0, wherein σywFor the grease 17 and the formation of condensate liquid 15
Interface surface can, Lys(w)It is grease 17 described in the presence of condensate liquid 15 in the spreading coefficient of the micro-nano structure layer 16, c is
The Rough factor of the micro-nano structure layer 16, f are the surface solid share of the micro-nano structure layer 16.Meet the grease of the condition
Micro-nano structure surface can be infiltrated, and in the presence of condensate liquid, grease can be stabilized, grease-micro-nano structure
Layer interface will not be condensed liquid-micro-nano structure layer interface substitution；
5) dynamic viscosity is greater than 2m2/ s, the grease for meeting the condition have sufficiently large dynamic viscosity, so that table occurs
The grease liquid band that is not easy to be condensed is walked when face condenses, and can not be significantly lost within the containment working time (at least 72 hours).
Inventors have found that the grease and water objectionable intermingling, physics, chemical property are stablized, and high temperature, high humidity and
It can be stabilized under nuclear reactor radiation environment, further, the grease can infiltrate micro-nano structure surface, and
In the presence of condensate liquid (such as vapor condensate liquid), the grease still is able to be stabilized, grease-micro-nano structure interface
It will not be condensed replaced liquid-micro-nano structure interface.In addition, the grease is with self-healing characteristics: since oil film has flowing
Property, under capillary action, the oil film of local losses will be automatically replenished by oil film around, thus self-healing.In addition, the grease can be shown
Write and strengthen condensing heat-exchange: the contact angle hysteresis due to water droplet on oil film surface is smaller (5 ° of <), lime set formed in condensation
It will slide easily under the effect of gravity.For example, being 120 ° in liquid-drop contact angle, vertical surface lime set falls off size < 1mm.
Drop is rapidly separated, and by surface occupied by release drop, and the drop in sliding path is carried, thus enhanced heat exchange.
In turn, the core according to an embodiment of the present invention that micro-nano structure surface is formed will be coated in the grease of above-mentioned property
Reactor containment vessel stable in physicochemical property under high temperature and pressure, and the inner surface of the containment has super lubrication property, can be with
Condensing droplet is accelerated to fall off from grease surface, significant enhanced heat exchange, the coefficient of heat transfer opposite can pass under the conditions of existing for the fixed gas
System dropwise condensation lifts up to 80%.In addition, the oil layer of the containment inner surface has self-healing, the grease of coating can
Be automatically replenished surface defect by the mobility and capillary force of its own, and the preparation method of the containment it is simple, efficiently, at
This is cheap, and only need to coat lubricating oil according to an embodiment of the present invention in the containment inner wall with micro-nano structure can form,
Suitable for promoting and applying on a large scale.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the grease further has following features: in the item that pressure is 0.05~1MPa
Under part, meet formula Lyw(q)< 0, wherein Lyw(q)It is in the sprawling for condensate liquid surface for grease described in the presence of air
Number.Inventors have found that condensate liquid will not be coated by meeting the grease of the formula, and in turn, grease feelings existing for condensate liquid
It can be further stabilized under condition.
Another embodiment according to the present invention, the coating thickness of the grease are 0.1 to 500 micron.Inventors have found that if
The coating thickness of grease is blocked up, then thermal coefficient is too low, greatly increases heat transfer resistance；If the coating thickness of grease is excessively thin, nothing
Method maintains dropwise condensation for a long time.
Another embodiment according to the present invention, the grease include but is not limited to Mobilgear 600XP 680,
Mobilgear 600XP 460、Mobilgear 600XP 320、Mobilgear 600XP 220、Mobil DTE 768、
Krytox 1525/1525XP,Krytox 16256/16256XP.The type selecting of the grease includes the profit of the overwhelming majority used in nuclear power plant
Sliding oil/grease, but be not limited to hereinafter, such as Mobil series: Mobilgear 600XP 680, Mobilgear 600XP 460,
Mobilgear 600XP 320, Mobilgear 600XP 220, Mobil DTE 768 etc.；Krytox series: Krytox
1525/1525XP, Krytox 16256/16256XP etc..
Another embodiment according to the present invention, it is described coating be by by the grease on the surface of the micro-nano structure layer
Brushed, sprayed or infiltrated etc. what modes carried out.
Another embodiment according to the present invention, the shell are steel shell or concrete-shell.
Another embodiment according to the present invention, the micro-nano structure layer are inorganic zinc micro-nano structure layer.
Nuclear reaction device
In the second aspect of the present invention, the invention proposes a kind of nuclear reaction devices.According to an embodiment of the invention, with reference to
Fig. 1, the nuclear reaction device include:
Nuclear reactor safety shell 3, the nuclear reaction containment 3 is as described in any one of front；
The inside of the nuclear reactor safety shell 3 is arranged in nuclear reactor 1, the nuclear reactor 1；
Steam generator 2, the steam generator 2 be arranged in the nuclear reactor safety shell 3 and with the nuclear reaction
Heap 1 is connected；And
Cooling unit, the cooling unit include spray thrower 8 and water tank 7, and the cooling unit is arranged in the nuclear reaction
The outside of heap containment 3, for the nuclear reactor safety shell 3 to be carried out cooling treatment.
Inventors have found that the nuclear reactor safety shell in the nuclear reaction device can be by containment under emergency conditions
Internal heat is discharged from time, ensures the safety of nuclear reaction device.
The method for improving the nuclear reactor safety shell coefficient of heat transfer
In the third aspect of the present invention, the invention proposes a kind of methods for improving the nuclear reactor safety shell coefficient of heat transfer.
According to an embodiment of the invention, this method comprises:
Grease is coated on the surface of micro-nano structure layer, the shell of nuclear reactor safety shell is arranged in the micro-nano structure layer
Inner surface, the grease have at least one of following features:
Pressure be O.05~1MPa under conditions of, the pyrolysis temperature of the grease is not less than 200 DEG C, and photodissociation temperature is not low
In 200 DEG C, evaporating temperature is not less than 200 DEG C, and solubility in water is no more than 1g, meets formula (1-c)/(c-f) < Lys(w)/
σyw< 0, wherein σywFor the surface energy at the interface that the grease and condensate liquid are formed, Lys(w)For grease described in the presence of condensate liquid
In the spreading coefficient of the micro-nano structure layer, c is the Rough factor of the micro-nano structure layer, and f is the table of the micro-nano structure layer
Face solid share.Inventors have found that the method can effectively improve the coefficient of heat transfer of nuclear reactor safety shell, in emergency conditions
Under, the heat inside containment can be discharged from time by the nuclear reactor safety shell, ensure the safety of nuclear power plant.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the grease further has following features: being O.05~1MPa item in pressure
Under part, meet formula Lyw(q)< 0, wherein Lyw(q)It is in the sprawling for condensate liquid surface for grease described in the presence of air
Number.Inventors have found that condensate liquid will not be coated by meeting the grease of the formula, it still is able in the presence of condensate liquid steady
It is fixed to exist.In turn, the coefficient of heat transfer that can be further improved nuclear reactor safety shell according to the method for the embodiment of the present invention, in thing
Under the conditions of therefore, the heat inside containment can be discharged from time by the nuclear reactor safety shell, further ensure nuclear power plant
Safety.
The method for improving npp safety coefficient
In the fourth aspect of the present invention, the invention proposes a kind of methods for improving npp safety coefficient.According to this hair
Bright embodiment, this method comprises: being arranged nuclear reactor in nuclear reactor safety shell described in any of the above embodiments.
Inventors have found that the nuclear reactor safety shell can be timely by the heat inside containment under emergency conditions
It is discharged from, ensures the safety of nuclear power plant.
The preparation method on superslide surface
In the fifth aspect of the invention, the invention also provides for spiked reactor containment inner wall condensing heat-exchange
The preparation method on superslide surface.This method comprises the following steps: (1) in containment inner wall surface construction micro-nano structure；(2) in safety
The micro-nano structure surface of shell inner wall coats grease；(3) the superfluous grease of removal.Inventors have found that in most existing containments
Wall surface has been provided with micro-nano structure, and there is no need to additionally carry out surface micronano processing link.It need to only be applied in containment inner wall
The grease with special properties is brushed, the preparation on superslide surface can be completed.The superslide surface of this method preparation, which has, promotes drop-wise
Condensation, the function of promoting containment exchange capability of heat, and then containment or even npp safety allowance are improved, and be expected to reduce existing
Containment size, the technology and economic cost for reducing containment preparation.This method prepares simple, economical and efficient, and has scale
The potentiality that metaplasia produces.In addition, the superslide surface of this method preparation also has the effects that anticorrosive, anti-icing suppression frost.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the containment is nuclear power plant often with steel or concrete safety in step (1)
Shell, the micro-nano structure meet (1-c)/(c-f) < Lys(w)/σyw< 0, wherein σywThe boundary formed for the grease and condensate liquid
The surface energy in face, Lys(w)It is grease described in the presence of condensate liquid in the spreading coefficient of the micro-nano structure, c is the micro-nano structure
Rough factor, f be the micro-nano structure surface solid share.The function of the micro-nano structure is the hair using micro-nano structure
Spy's latching grease.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the specific method of implementation steps (1) is not limited to chemical etching, machining, physics
The means such as coating.If the inner wall of existing nuclear reactor safety shell has had porous or micro-nano coarse structure (such as
Inorganic spelter coating), then it no longer needs to additionally carry out rough surface processing.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the brushing method requires not constitute substrate micro-nano structure broken in step (2)
It is bad.Soft hairbrush can be used to dip in after oil directly to containment inner surface brushing, the methods of spraying also can be used or other will be oily
Surface is such as directly immersed in grease (infusion method), is dispelled grease (blowing afloat method) using gas by rouge in the method for surface spreading
Deng.Additionally, it should be noted that need to guarantee surface cleaning, drying before implementation steps (2).
According to an embodiment of the invention, the grease of the surplus refers to the minimum for meeting thermodynamic stability in step (3)
Superfluous oil film other than oil film thickness.The presence of superfluous oil film will increase oil film thermal resistance, be unfavorable for exchanging heat.
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail by general below, but persons skilled in the art should be bright
White, following embodiments only further describe a specific embodiment of the invention, rather than to the scope of the present invention
Limitation, persons skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the invention, the variation that can be readily occurred in, in the present invention
Protection scope within.
Embodiment
The present embodiment is to prepare superslide surface in containment inner wall and apply it to cold under containment emergency conditions
The example of the detailed process of solidifying heat exchange.Wherein, containment inner wall structural schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 1.
(1) removing surface.Containment inner wall impurity is removed, the own inorganic zinc-rich coating of containment inner wall is retained.
(2) selection meets the grease of condition.With Krytox 1525 (under normal temperature and pressure, density 1900kg/m3, steam pressure
0.27Pa, 200 DEG C of flash temperature, kinematic viscosity 2.5m2/ s, surface tension 0.019N/m) for.
(3) by brushing method, grease is uniformly coated in containment inner wall.After coating grease, water droplet is on grease surface
Advancing contact angle be 121.0 ± 0.6 °, receding contact angle be 120.3 ± 0.4 °, contact angle hysteresis be 0.3 ± 0.1 °, such as Fig. 2
It is shown.
(4) it stands to allow oil film to sprawl simultaneously impermeable surface micro-structure automatically on surface.Extra lubricating oil is made by gravity
With flowing downward.
(5) operation and maintenance.Apparent surface lubricating oil wastage decides whether periodically to coat lubricating oil again.
(6) it puts into operation.Under emergency conditions, space is full of high-temperature water vapor in containment.The peace that steam is inculcated in grease
Dropwise condensation occurs for full shell inner wall, as shown in Figure 3.Since grease infused surface contact angle hysteresis is smaller, drop was merging
Random sliding will be generated in journey, and then accelerates droplet coalescence.Meanwhile droplet detachment size is than common drop shape condensation surface
Reduce, condensation drop slides downwards along wall surface under the effect of gravity, merges and clean other drops on the way.Further, since sliding
Drop promote mixing for boundary layer, be conducive to steam and diffused to the surface by fixed gas accumulation horizon.The above physical process,
Be conducive to enhanced heat transfer, so that containment inner wall heat exchanged thermoresistance reduces, containment heat exchange amount sets out ability increase.
Experimental result: being nuclear reactor safety shell inner wall condensation in 0% to 50% range in fixed gas quality share
The coefficient of heat transfer promotes 10% to 80% with respect to film condensation.
In the description of this specification, reference term " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " specifically show
The description of example " or " some examples " etc. means specific features, structure, material or spy described in conjunction with this embodiment or example
Point is included at least one embodiment or example of the invention.In the present specification, schematic expression of the above terms are not
It must be directed to identical embodiment or example.Moreover, particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be in office
It can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiment or examples.In addition, without conflicting with each other, the skill of this field
Art personnel can tie the feature of different embodiments or examples described in this specification and different embodiments or examples
It closes and combines.
Although the embodiments of the present invention has been shown and described above, it is to be understood that above-described embodiment is example
Property, it is not considered as limiting the invention, those skilled in the art within the scope of the invention can be to above-mentioned
Embodiment is changed, modifies, replacement and variant.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of nuclear reactor safety shell characterized by comprising
Shell, the inner surface of the shell are provided with micro-nano structure layer；
The surface of the micro-nano structure layer is coated with grease, and the grease has at least one of following features:
Under conditions of pressure is 0.05~1MPa, the pyrolysis temperature of the grease is not less than 200 DEG C, and photodissociation temperature is not less than
200 DEG C, evaporating temperature is not less than 200 DEG C, and solubility in water is no more than 1g, meets formula (1-c)/(- f) < Lys(w)/σyw<
0,
Wherein, σywFor the surface energy at the interface that the grease and condensate liquid are formed, Lys(w)Exist for grease described in the presence of condensate liquid
The spreading coefficient of the micro-nano structure layer, c are the Rough factor of the micro-nano structure layer, and f is the surface of the micro-nano structure layer
Solid share.
2. nuclear reactor safety shell according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the grease further has following spy
Sign: under conditions of pressure is 0.05~1MPa, meet formula Lyw(q)< 0, wherein Lyw(q)Exist for grease described in the presence of air
The spreading coefficient on the condensate liquid surface.
3. nuclear reactor safety shell according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the coating thickness of the grease be 0.1~
500 microns.
4. nuclear reactor safety shell according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the shell is steel shell or concrete
Shell.
5. nuclear reactor safety shell according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the micro-nano structure layer is inorganic zinc micro-nano
Structure sheaf.
6. a kind of nuclear reaction device characterized by comprising
Nuclear reactor safety shell, the nuclear reaction containment is as defined by any one of Claims 1 to 5；
The inside of the nuclear reactor safety shell is arranged in nuclear reactor, the nuclear reactor；
Steam generator, the steam generator are arranged in the nuclear reactor safety shell and are connected with the nuclear reactor；
And
Cooling unit, the cooling unit include spray thrower and water tank, and the cooling unit is arranged in the nuclear reactor safety
The outside of shell, for the nuclear reactor safety shell to be carried out cooling treatment.
7. a kind of method for improving the nuclear reactor safety shell coefficient of heat transfer characterized by comprising
Grease is coated on the surface of micro-nano structure layer, the interior table of the shell of nuclear reactor safety shell is arranged in the micro-nano structure layer
Face, the grease have at least one of following features:
Under conditions of pressure is 0.05~1MPa, the pyrolysis temperature of the grease is not less than 200 DEG C, and photodissociation temperature is not less than
200 DEG C, evaporating temperature is not less than 200 DEG C, and solubility in water is no more than 1g, meets formula (1-c)/(- f) < Lys(w)/σyw<
0,
Wherein, σywFor the surface energy at the interface that the grease and condensate liquid are formed, Lys(w)Exist for grease described in the presence of condensate liquid
The spreading coefficient of the micro-nano structure layer, c are the Rough factor of the micro-nano structure layer, and f is the surface of the micro-nano structure layer
Solid share.
8. the method according to the description of claim 7 is characterized in that the grease further has following features: being in pressure
Under conditions of 0.05~1MPa, meet formula Lyw(q)< 0, wherein Lyw(q)It is grease described in the presence of air in the condensate liquid
The spreading coefficient on surface.
9. a kind of method for improving npp safety coefficient, which is characterized in that appoint nuclear reactor setting in Claims 1 to 5
In nuclear reactor safety shell described in one.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN112002446A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-11-27 | 上海核工程研究设计院有限公司 | Reactor pressure vessel lower head with porous coating on outer wall surface |
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