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CN1092509C - 用于吸湿用品的弹性流体传送网构 - Google Patents

用于吸湿用品的弹性流体传送网构 Download PDF

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CN1092509C
CN1092509C CN95193417A CN95193417A CN1092509C CN 1092509 C CN1092509 C CN 1092509C CN 95193417 A CN95193417 A CN 95193417A CN 95193417 A CN95193417 A CN 95193417A CN 1092509 C CN1092509 C CN 1092509C
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Prior art keywords
capillary channel
fibers
absorbent article
fluid
melting point
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CN95193417A
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CN1149823A (zh
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休·A·汤普森
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Clemson University
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Procter and Gamble Co
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/253Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a non-circular cross section; Spinnerette packs therefor
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
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    • A61F13/534Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
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    • A61F13/53743Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer characterised by the position of the layer relative to the other layers
    • A61F13/53747Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer characterised by the position of the layer relative to the other layers the layer is facing the topsheet
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    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
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    • A61F2013/530868Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterized by the liquid distribution or transport means other than wicking layer
    • A61F2013/530897Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterized by the liquid distribution or transport means other than wicking layer having capillary means, e.g. pore or fibre size gradient
    • A61F2013/530905Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterized by the liquid distribution or transport means other than wicking layer having capillary means, e.g. pore or fibre size gradient being hydrophilic
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    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
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    • A61F13/53Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F13/534Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
    • A61F13/537Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer
    • A61F13/53708Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer the layer having a promotional function on liquid propagation in at least one direction
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    • A61F2013/53726Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer the layer having a promotional function on liquid propagation in at least one direction with capillary means on the top layer
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种适用于吸湿用品的弹性流体传送网构,该流体传送网构包括若干能传送纤维内部的流体的双组分毛细通道纤维。上述纤维具有一个基础部分和至少两个从上述基础部分延伸形成一条外部毛细通道的毛细通道壁。上述壁和基础部分由具有第一熔点温度的第一种聚合物构成,毛细通道壁的远端由具有低于第一熔点温度的第二熔点温度的第二种聚合物构成,当在低于第一熔点温度而高于第二熔点温度的温度下对上述双组分纤维加热时,上述双组分纤维的远端粘合在一起,形成一种毛细通道纤维交联网构,该网构能将纤维间的流体传送到已粘合的毛细通道纤维的毛细通道之间。

Description

用于吸湿用品的弹性流体传送网构
发明领域
本发明涉及一种适用于吸湿用品(如卫生巾)的流体传送网构,更具体地说,涉及一种由若干双组分毛细通道纤维构成的流体传送网构,上述纤维能单独传送或虹吸纤维内的流体且彼此粘合形成能将纤维内部的流体传送到粘合的毛细通道纤维的毛细通道之间的弹性流体传送网构。
背景技术
在现有的一次性吸湿用品中已有各种各样吸收和传送体液的结构。市售的一次性吸湿用品包括婴儿尿布、成年失禁病人用品、月经垫和绷带。这类一次性用品包括一些接受、传送和存留液体的功能部件。以卫生巾为例,一次性吸湿用品一般包括一个透液顶片、一个吸湿芯和一个不透液体的底片。此外,该一次性吸湿用品还可以包括一个位于顶片和吸湿芯之间的收集层或第二顶片。
在月经垫的情况下,使用者往往希望其舒适性能、贴合性能和存留液体的性能良好,污染和/或弄脏内裤和衣物的可能性最小。最主要的是,从吸湿用品中漏出流体是绝对不能接受的。
为了使无纺材料能充分发挥良好的流体传送件(即吸湿用品中的顶片、第二顶片或吸湿芯)的作用,重要的是该无纺材料应是柔顺、富有弹性和感觉舒适的。此外,若作为液体传送件,还希望该部件能收集流体并在其本身的内部传送,再将流体传送到相邻部件,最后传送到吸湿芯。
业已发现,可将由毛细通道纤维构成的无纺材料用于一次性吸湿用品。与周围较大的孔隙相比,这些纤维通常对流体的毛细作用更强(更不漏液体)。因此,这种纤维能够实现直接从通道到通道的传送,或将纤维间的液体传送到已粘合的纤维之间,与使流体流过周围大的孔隙相比,它更能保证不漏流体。
据此,最好是能提供一种具有一个或多个无纺布流体传送件的吸湿用品,上述流体传送件具有在该部件内部传送流体的能力,并能将流体传送到相邻层或相邻件中。提供一种具有柔顺、富有弹性和能使穿用者感觉舒适的流体传送件也是理想的。
发明内容
在一个优选实施例中,本发明涉及一种弹性流体传送网构,这种网构由若干能传送纤维内部的流体的毛细通道纤维组成。上述纤维具有一个基础部分和至少两个从上述基础部分延伸以形成一条开放的毛细通道的毛细通道壁部分。上述毛细通道壁具有一个基底端和一个远端。上述基础部分和邻近基础部分的毛细通道壁部分由具有第一熔融温度的第一种聚合物材料制成。毛细通道壁的远端由具有低于第一熔融温度的第二熔融温度的第二种聚合物材料制成,因此,当对纤维加热使其温度低于第一熔融温度而高于第二熔融温度时,纤维的远端粘合在一起,形成毛细通道纤维互联网构,上述互联网构能将纤维内部的流体传送到经粘合的纤维的毛细通道之间。这种网构还能从如压缩和/或拉伸引起的变形状态弹性地恢复,而不损害其毛细作用。
这种网构将低密度(用于柔顺、舒适、贴合和流体收集)与通道的强毛细作用独特地结合在一起,整个网构富有弹性且使用寿命长。
第一种和第二种聚合物材料最好基本上是亲水性的。
本发明还涉及一种吸湿用品。该吸湿用品包括一个透液顶片、一个与上述顶片接合的不透液体的底片和放置在上述顶片和底片之间的吸湿芯。
在一个优选实施例中,该吸湿用品还包括一个放置在顶片和吸湿芯之间的流体传送网构。上述流体传送网构包括若干能传送纤维内部的流体的双组分毛细通道纤维。
在另一个优选实施例中,顶片可以由若干能传送纤维内部的流体的双组分毛细通道纤维构成。此外,吸湿芯可以包括一种由许多能传送纤维内部的流体的双组分毛细通道纤维组成的流体传送网构。
附图说明
虽然本发明的权利要求书清楚地描述了本发明的保护范围,但是通过下面结合附图的描述将使人们能更好地理解本发明,各附图中相同的标号代表相同的部件,其中:
图1为一种卫生巾的顶视图,为了更清楚地示出该卫生巾的结构,图中切去了卫生巾的一些部分;
图2为沿图1中2-2线剖切的上述卫生巾的剖视图;
图3为本发明的流体传送网构的放大的部分透视图,该流体传送网构的双组分毛细通道纤维具有U形横截面;
图4为将图3的流体传送网构进一步放大的部分透视图,它示出了两种双组分毛细通道纤维交叉的情况;
图5为H形毛细通道纤维的横截面图;
图6为具有几个U形的毛细通道纤维的横截面图;
图7为具有几个H形的毛细通道纤维的横截面图;
图8为具有C形毛细通道纤维的横截面图。
具体实施方式
“吸湿用品”一词在此是指能吸收和存留人体排泄物的用品,尤其指贴在或靠近穿用者身体以便吸收和存留从人体排出的各种排泄物的用品。“吸湿用品”这个词可包括婴儿尿布、月经垫、卫生巾、内裤衬里、失禁垫等。此外,“一次性的”一词用来描述不打算对它们进行清洗或以其它方式回收或作为吸湿用品再使用的吸湿用品(即只用一次后就丢弃、最好是回收、使之变成堆肥或用其它符合环保条例的方式进行处理)。“整体的”吸湿用品指的是将若干分开的部件连接在一起形成一个协调的整体的吸湿用品,因此,它们不需要分开的手工操作的部件(如分开的固定件或衬垫)。
本发明的一种整体的一次性吸湿用品的一个优选实施例是如图1所示的月经垫,卫生巾20。“卫生巾”一词在此是指由妇女穿在阴部区域附近(通常在泌尿生殖区的外面)用来吸收和存留人体排出的月经流体和其它阴道排泄物(例如血、经液和尿)吸湿用品。部分位于穿用者阴道前庭内、部分位于穿用者阴道前庭外的唇间件也在本发明构思的范围内。此处“阴部”一词指的是外部可见的女性生殖器部分。显然,本发明亦适用于其它女性卫生用品或月经垫(如内裤衬里)或其它吸湿用品(如失禁垫)等。
卫生巾20有两个表面:一个与人体接触的表面或“身体面”20a和一个内裤面20b。从卫生巾的身体面20a看到的卫生巾20示在图1中。穿用时身体面20a贴近穿用者的身体。卫生巾20的内裤面20b(示在图2中)处于相反侧,穿用卫生巾20时,它靠近穿用者的短内裤放置。
卫生巾20有两条中心线:一条纵向中心线“1”和一条横向中心线“t”。“纵向”一词在此是指与一个大致将一个穿用卫生巾20的站立着的穿用者的身体分成左半部和右半部的垂直平面共面(如近似平行)的卫生巾20的平面中的一条线、一条轴线或方向。“横向”或“侧向”一词在此可以互换,它是指位于卫生巾20的平面内垂直于纵向的一条线、一条轴线或方向。
图1为本发明的平铺开状态的卫生巾20的顶视图,为了更清楚地揭示卫生巾20的结构,切掉了构件的一些部分,并且卫生巾20的朝向穿用者或与穿用者接触的面20a的那部分朝向观察者。如图1所示,卫生巾20最好包括一个透液顶片22、一个与顶片22接合的不透液体的底片23、一个位于顶片22和底片23之间的吸湿芯24以及一个位于顶片22和吸湿芯24之间的液体传送网构或第二顶片27。
图1还示出了卫生巾20所具有的周边30,它由包括用标号31代表的纵向边缘(或侧边缘)和用32代表的端边缘(或端部)的卫生20的外边缘限定范围。
卫生巾20最好还包括侧翼或“护翼”34,上述侧翼被折叠在穿用者短内裤的裆部。侧翼34有几个作用,包括(但不限于)防止弄脏穿用者的内裤和保持卫生巾固定在穿用者的内裤上。
图2为沿图1中2-2线剖切的卫生巾20的横截面图。从图2中可以看出,卫生巾20最好包括用于将卫生巾20固定到穿用者短内裤上的粘接剂固定件36。为了防止使用前粘接剂粘到内裤裆区部分之外的表面上,在粘附剂固定件上覆盖有可撕掉的防粘衬37。
卫生巾20除具有纵向和横向外还有“Z”向或轴,该方向是一直向下能通过身体接触层(如顶片22)、再通过流体传送网构27并进入可能放置的任何流体存留件(如吸湿芯)的方向。其目的是在顶片22和流体传送网构27以及吸湿芯24之间提供毛细虹吸梯度,从而使流体可沿“Z”向被吸入并从用品的顶片流出,进入最远的存留层,吸湿芯。
顶片22应柔顺、感觉柔软并对使用者的皮肤无刺激作用。此外,顶片22可使液体(如月经和/或尿液)透过,并使之易透过它的厚度。适于制作顶片22的材料很多,例如纺织材料和无纺材料;聚合物材料如多孔的成形热塑薄膜、多孔塑料薄膜、液压成形的热塑薄膜、多孔泡沫材料、网状泡沫、网状热塑薄膜以及热塑稀布。合适的纺织和无纺材料可以是天然材料(如木纤维或棉纤维),合成纤维(如聚酯、聚丙烯或聚乙烯纤维等聚合物纤维)或由天然纤维和合成纤维组合而成的材料。
顶片22最好是一个多孔的成形薄膜。因为多孔成形膜能透过但不吸收体内排泄物,并能降低液体回流和再润湿穿用者皮肤的可能性,因此将多孔成形薄膜用作顶片是优选的。这样,成形膜与人体接触的表面可保持干燥,从而可以避免弄脏人体,并使穿用者感觉非常舒适。在1975年12月30日授权给Thompson的美国专利3929135号;1982年4月13日授权给Mullane等人的美国专利4324246号;1982年8月3日授权给Radel和Thompson的美国专利4324314号;1984年7月31日授权给Ahr的美国专利4463045号;1986年12月16日授权给Curro等人的美国专利4629643号;以及1991年4月9日授权给Baird的美国专利5006394号中都对各种适合的成形膜进行了描述。上述每一篇专利文献均编入本说明书的参考文献。本发明用的优选的顶片22就是在上述一篇或多篇专利文献中描述过的成形膜,该成形膜由TheProcter&Gamble Company of Cincinnati,Ohio以在卫生巾上注册的“DRI-WEAVE”商标销售。
在本发明的一个优选的实施例中,成形膜顶片22的身体面是亲水性的,这样做有助于液体透过顶片22,与身体面是非亲水的顶片相比,它传送液体更快。这将减少月经液溢出顶片22而不流入吸湿芯24因而不被吸湿芯24吸收的可能性。在一个优选实施例中,正如在1991年11月19日由Aziz等人提交的题为“Absorbent Article Having A Nonwoven and Apertured FilmCoversheet”的流水号为07/794745的美国专利申请中所描述的那样,在成形膜顶片22的聚合物材料中加入了表面活性剂。此外,也可对顶片22的身体面用表面活性剂进行亲水处理,如在1991年8月21日授权给Osbom的美国专利4950264号和1991年4月23日授权给Osbom的美国专利5009653号中所描述的那样,上述两篇文献均编入本说明书的参考文献。
虽然在本发明的说明书中描述了提供一个适用作一次性吸湿用品(如卫生巾)中的第二顶片或收集层的流体传送网构,但本发明并不限于此种应用。恰恰相反,在很多希望将流体从一点传送到另一点的情况下,采用本发明往往具有明显优越性。例如,本发明的流体传送网构也可用作一次性吸湿用品中的顶片或吸湿芯。通过对一种优选结构及将其用作卫生巾中的第二顶片的详细描述,本领域的普通专业人员不经创造性劳动就可将本发明用于其它构件中。
上述流体传送网构或第二顶片27将流体从顶片22传送到流体存留件(即吸湿芯24)中。从图3和4中所看到的流体传送网构27最好是由若干有开放的毛细通道29的双组分毛细通道纤维25组成的有弹性的三维粘合网构。虽然此处所说的一些毛细通道纤维可以有一条毛细通道或多条毛细通道,为方便起见,描述成复数形式的“通道”的目的是指那些纤维中的一种独特的“通道”,因为那些纤维具有一条以上的通道,所以上述以复数形式描述的通道既可以是一条这种通道,也可以是若干通道。上述纤维的特征还在于沿通道轴向的网构主要长度上毛细通道的横截面是开放的,因此流体可从这些通道的外侧被接受。
上述粘合网构27的双组分纤维25具有U形横截面。这些纤维25具有一个基础部分40和至少两个从基础部分40延伸的毛细通道壁41。基础部分40和侧壁41一起构成外部的或开放的毛细通道29。壁41具有一个基底端43和一个远端45。壁41的基底端43是壁41的与基础部分40相连并与之相邻的部分。壁41的远端45是壁41的与基底端43相对的部分。
在一个优选实施例中,本发明的纤维的毛细通道壁彼此大致平行。此处“大致平行”是指壁的横截面平行,其意思是相邻的毛细壁的对准偏差不大于40°,优选不大于约30°,更优选不大于约20°。虽然不是用来限制本发明,但可以认为大致平行的壁可使毛细通道纤维的毛细流体运动速率和每单位重量的毛细通道纤维的虹吸能力增强。
毛细通道纤维25的基础部分40和除远端45以外的壁41最好由具有第一熔点温度的第一种聚合物材料制成。毛细通道壁的远端45最好由具有低于第一熔点温度的第二熔点温度的第二种聚合物材料制成。此处“熔点”一词是指熔融吸热最高点处的温度,在该温度下固态和液态共存。当在低于第一熔点温度而高于第二熔点温度的温度下对上述纤维加热时,纤维的远端就粘合在一起,从而形成一种能将纤维内部的流体传送到已粘合的毛细通道纤维的毛细通道之间的毛细通道纤维交联网构。
最好通过将两种聚合物共挤压形成若干分立的毛细通道纤维25。用于基础部分40和包括远端45的壁41的两种聚合物都应是柔软的。此外,当用作吸湿用品20中的流体传送网构27时,应选择两种具有足够强度的能经受住预料之中的正常穿用和跑跳的作用的聚合物。再者,这些聚合物应能满足与人体接触的安全要求。
此处所采用的毛细通道纤维可以由任何受潮后不胀大的合适的聚合物制成。此处可采用如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酯、共聚多酯、尼龙等聚合物,只要它们可以拉成丝以至于能形成如上所述的外部毛细通道就可以。合适的上述聚合物是可进行熔融挤压的。
纤维的壁和基础部分可以用熔点温度约为162℃的聚丙烯制成。毛细通道纤维的远端可以用熔点温度约为131℃的聚乙烯制成。这样,通过将毛细通道纤维加热到高于131℃而低于162℃,超过远端的熔点温度,就可沿纤维的远端将纤维粘合在一起。合适的聚合物组合的另一实例是纤维的壁和基础部分由熔点在约250℃至约265℃的聚酯(PET)制成而纤维的远端由熔点在约100℃至约110℃的共聚多酯制成的纤维。
此处毛细通道的深度和宽度之比最好约为2.0,但是正如上面所提到的,由于工艺的限制和经济方面的原因,通常所采用的深度和长度之比大于约1.3。典型的及可方便地生产的适用于此处的相当满意的毛细通道纤维的壁深为约38微米,两壁间宽度约21微米,每根纤维约15旦尼尔,壁本身的厚度通常约为3-15微米。尽管可以改变这些尺寸,但是对于使用毛细通道纤维来说,由聚酯制成并具有上述这些特征的毛细通道纤维是相当有效的。可以采用适合的操作设备制造这类纤维,这些纤维足以承受在卫生用品(尤其是卫生巾和内裤衬里)中所受到的那种压力,而不致于使毛细通道壁损坏或膨胀到丧失其毛细功能的程度。
一般来讲,可用挤压方法制得上述双组分毛细通道纤维,有关这方面的内容已在1993年4月6日授权给Thompson等人并已作普通转让的美国专利5200248号和1993年9月7日授权给Thompson等人的美国专利5242644号中作了描述,上述每篇专利文献与本领域普通专业人员所公知的双组分挤压技术结合在一起作为本说明书的参考文献。然后可以将上述双组分纤维卷曲、切成切断长度、气流成网(air laid)、气流粘合(through-air bonding),并例如通过采用表面活性剂使之成为亲水性的。在气流粘合工艺中,最好将双组分毛细通道纤维絮网压实,以便促使通道到通道粘合部位具有足够的密度。压实、预压花和压延等方法都是本领域普通技术人员所熟知的。为使絮网足够柔软、熔融、低熔聚合物端部稳定流动,还可以分别调节粘合时间和粘合温度,从而获得牢固的粘合,还可通过使毛细通道在粘合部位不堵塞来补偿。
作为一个实例,通常上述双组分毛细纤维网构27可以具有低密度无纺纤维的普通外部特征。卷曲纤维的密度可以低至0.01-0.02mg/cc。在显微镜下,这种双组分毛细纤维网构完全开放具有相当大的内部纤维孔隙(如图3和4所示)。粘合部位在通道到通道的纤维交叉处。这些粘合部位具有两个关键作用。第一,它们形成了一个用于输送流体的细微毛细管的交联网构。再者,由于消除了在纤维接触部位出现的滑动(Slippage),这些粘合部位可同时形成既耐用而又柔软的、高弹性结构。可以想到,即使很少的被几倍纤维宽度的隔开的通道到通道的粘合,也能形成有效的毛细管网构。通过在纤维的壁上或基础部分上加低熔带可以获得用于额外的非毛细结构弹性或强度的附加粘合。此外,毛细纤维的双组分特性可使其通过双组分粘合到其它层(例如粘合到顶片或吸湿芯上)而与其它产品牢固地成一整体。
在粘合部位上可自动地将液体从一根纤维传送到另一根纤维。这种传送是很有用的,不仅可使更多的纤维参加流体传送,而且因为它是在各毛细通道纤维无间断地强毛细虹吸能力(例如对水而言,可达5-20cm)下实现的。
大的纤维间的孔隙可迅速接受和收集液体。当液体由细微毛细通道的交联网构虹吸并被沉积在其它地方(例如沉积在吸湿芯中)时,上述这些孔隙被排空。因为当与一存贮料片恰当地相连时,网构本身能排空而为下一步流体渗入作准备,所以这种结构也可以被称为“自排空”结构。
为了在某些产品应用中能产生特殊的效果,上述毛细通道纤维可以具有不同的形状。例如,毛细通道纤维可以具有U形横截面(如图3所示)。此外,毛细通道纤维也可具有H形横截面(如图5所示)。图5中示出的毛细通道纤维25具有由一个基础部分40和两个毛细通道壁41限定的两个对置的开放的毛细通道29。该基础部分40和两壁41(不包括远端45)由具有第一熔点温度的第一种聚合物材料制成。该毛细通道壁的远端由具有低于第一熔点温度的第二熔点温度的第二种聚合物材料制成。
图6和7是适用于形成流体传送网构的其它形状的毛细通道纤维的横截面图。图6是几个U形毛细通道纤维的一个例子。上述多U形的纤维25具有单一的一个基础部分40和多个从该基础部分延伸的壁41。壁41由第一种聚合物材料制成,而远端45由具有比第一种聚合物材料的熔点温度低的熔点温度的第二种聚合物材料制成。图7是多个H形毛细通道纤维的一个例子。该多H形纤维25具有单一的一个基础部分40和多个从该基础部分延伸的壁41。壁41由第一种聚合物材料制成,远端45由具有比第一种聚合物材料的熔点温度低的熔点温度的第二种聚合物材料制成。
图8是另一种具有C形横截面的毛细通道纤维25的横截面图。纤维25由单一的一个基础部分40和两个壁41限定。基础部分40和壁41(不包括远端45)由具有第一熔点温度的第一种聚合物制成。远端45由具有比第一熔点温度低的第二熔点温度的第二种聚合物制成。
吸湿芯24可以是任何一种能克服毛细虹吸作用而吸收和存留液体(如月经和/或尿)的吸收件。如图1和2所示,吸湿芯24具有一个身体面、一个内裤面、两个侧边缘和两个端边缘。吸湿芯24可以加工成多种尺寸和形状(如矩形、椭圆形、砂漏形、八字形、非对称形等),并可由通常用于卫生巾和其它吸湿用品的各种各样的液体吸收材料(例如通常称之为气毡(airfelt)的粉碎木浆)制得。其它合适的吸收材料的例子包括起皱的纤维素填絮;包括共晶面式(coform)的熔喷聚合物;经化学硬挺处理的改性或交联的纤维素纤维;毛细通道纤维;合成纤维(例如卷曲聚酯纤维);泥炭苔绒;包括薄纱外层和薄纱叠层的薄纱;吸湿泡沫;吸湿海绵;超吸湿聚合物;吸湿凝胶材料,或任何等效材料,或几种材料的组合物,或具有克服毛细作用而吸收和存留液体的这些材料的混合物。
还可以改变吸湿芯24的形状和结构(例如,吸湿芯可以具有变化的厚度区,或者可以有仿形切削(profiling)使得中心部位较厚),它可以有亲水性梯度,超吸湿梯度,或者可以由一层或多层或多种结构组成。当然,吸湿芯24的总吸湿能力应与所设计的负载和卫生巾20的预计使用相容。此外,还可以改变吸湿芯24的尺寸和吸湿能力以便适于不同的用途,例如用作失禁垫、内裤衬里、普通卫生巾或夜间用卫生巾。
在下述文献中描述了可用作本发明吸湿芯24的吸湿构件实例,这些文献是:1990年8月21日授权给Osbom的美国专利4950264号;1986年9月9日授权给Weisman等人的美国专利4610678号;1989年5月30日授权给Alemany等人的美国专利4834735号;1991年4月23日授权给Osbom的美国专利5009653号;以Duenk等人的名义于1986年10月22日公布的The Procter&Gamble Company的欧洲专利申请0198683。上述的每一篇专利文献都作为本说明书的参考文献。在申请日为1991年7月23日、发明人为Buenger等人、名称为“Absorbent Core for Use in Catamenial Products”的美国专利申请(流水号为07/734405)中还描述了可用作本发明的吸湿芯24的吸湿构件的另一实例。
吸湿芯24可以是一种叠层结构,该结构包括处于一层或多层交联纤维素纤维或交联纤维素纤维絮网中的一层超吸湿聚合物(或吸湿凝胶材料)。或者,吸湿芯24可以是单层交联纤维素纤维。下述文献中描述了可用于吸湿芯24中的合适的交联纤维素纤维,这些文献是:1989年12月19日授权给Cook等人的美国专利4888093号;1989年4月18日授权给Dean的美国专利4822543号;1989年12月26日授权给Schoggen等人的美国专利4889595号;1990年2月6日授权给Moore等人的美国专利4898642号;1990年6月19日授权给Lash等人的美国专利4935022号;1991年5月15日以Herron等人的名义公布的欧洲专利申请(公布号为0427316A2和0427317A2);以及1991年5月29日以Herron等人的名义公布的欧洲专利申请(公布号为0429112A2)。上述所有文献均为本说明书的参考。
交联纤维素纤维可以是一层包覆吸湿凝胶材料颗粒的包覆层。为了提供能用作吸湿芯呈层状的纤维,在这类芯中应精制卷曲、加捻、最好还经化学硬挺和交联处理的纤维素纤维。在美国专利4888903号、4822543号、4889595号、4889597号、4889596号4898642号中都详细地描述了制备合适的卷曲的、经化学硬挺处理的纤维素纤维,从该纤维能制备精制的、卷曲的、经化学硬挺处理的纤维素纤维。
美国专利4935022号中还描述了这种纤维与吸湿凝胶材料组合的利用和制备这种组合物的装置。这种制备通常包括用醛(例如戊二醛)作交联剂。此外,也可用聚羧酸作为交联剂。可以想到,用于制备其它交联纤维素纤维的其他装置也是公知的,虽然与上面所提到的纤维相比这种纤维的流体吸收性能可能不是最佳的,但这种纤维亦可用于本发明。在美国专利4898642和PCT、美国8901581对于其它类型的纤维的各种描述亦可作为参考。在制作过程中,为了提供用于制备本发明实践中用的优选的吸湿芯的纤维,可精制上述纤维素纤维。
为了能在流体传送网构27中持续地传送流体,吸湿芯24最好具有某些特征性能,例如具有毛细虹吸能力和流体存留能力。最好使吸湿芯24的虹吸能力大于流体传送网构27的毛细通道纤维25的虹吸能力。吸收芯24的存留液体能力最好至少为5g/g。通常在密度为约0.1g/cc至约0.2g/cc的吸收芯中就可达到上述特征性能。
底片23是不透液体的(最好不透月经和/或尿),它虽然也可由其它柔软的不透液体的材料制成,但最好由薄塑料膜制成。此处“柔软”一词意指那些柔顺的并能迅速与通用形状和人体体形相贴合的材料。底片23可防止被吸湿芯24吸收和存留的排泄物弄湿与卫生巾20接触的物品(例如短内裤、睡裤和内裤)。所以,底片23可以由一种纺织材料或无纺材料(如聚乙烯或聚丙烯的热塑薄膜之类的聚合物薄膜、或如由薄膜涂覆的无纺材料等复合材料)制成。底片最好是一种厚度从约0.012mm(0.5mil)到约0.051mm(2.0mils)的聚乙烯膜。典型的聚乙烯膜是由Clopay Corporation of Cincinnati,Ohio生产的牌号为P180401的产品和由Ethyl Corporation,Visqueen Division,of TerreHaute,Indiana生产的牌号为XP-39385的产品。底片23最好被压花和/或无光处理,以使其看起来更象布。此外,底片23应有利于从吸湿芯24中排出蒸气(即具有透气性),同时又能防止排泄物透过底片23。
使用时,可借助任何公知的用于固定目的的支承件或固定件将卫生巾20定位。最好用像粘合剂36那样的固定件将卫生巾定位并固定在穿用者的内裤或短内裤内。粘合剂36提供了一种将卫生巾20固定在短内裤的裆区的手段。因此,在底片23外表面的一部分或全部上涂敷有粘合剂。现有的用于粘合目的的任何粘合剂或胶都可用作本发明的粘合剂,其中压敏粘合剂是优选的。适合的粘合剂是由the Century Adhesives Corporation of Columbus,Ohio生产的Century A-305-IV和由the National Starch and ChemicalCompany of Bridgewater,New Jersey生产的Instant Lock 34-2823。美国专利4917697号中也描述了合适的粘合剂固定件。为了避免粘合剂36干涸和/或避免使用前粘合剂粘附到短内裤裆区之外的表面上,在使用时将卫生巾定位前,通常用一层可撕开的防粘衬37将压敏粘合剂36盖住。在上面供参考的美国专利4917697号中还描述了适合的防粘衬37。任何用于防粘目的的市场上可买到的防粘衬均可在此使用。由the Akrosil Corporation of Menasha,Wisconsin生产的BL30MG-A Silox E1/0和BL30MG-A Silox 4P/O都是合适的防粘衬的非限定的实例。使用本发明的卫生巾20时,先撕下防粘衬37,然后将卫生巾20定位在短内裤内,使粘合剂36粘住短内裤。使用期间,粘合剂36可将卫生巾保持在短内裤内的合适位置上。
虽然上面图示出并描述了本发明的一些具体实施例,很明显本领域的普通技术人员在不超出本发明的构思和范围的前提下可作出各种改变和改型。因此,在本发明范围内的所有改变和改型均被包括在权利要求书中。

Claims (23)

1、一种弹性流体传送网构,它由若干能传送纤维内部的流体的双组分毛细通道纤维组成,上述纤维具有一个基础部分和至少两个从上述基础部分延伸形成一条开放的毛细通道的毛细通道壁,上述毛细通道壁具有一个基底端和一个远端,上述毛细通道壁和基础部分由具有第一熔点温度的第一种聚合物材料制成,上述毛细通道壁的所述远端由具有比第一熔点温度低的第二熔点温度的第二种聚合物材料制成,因此,当在低于第一熔点温度而高于第二熔点温度下对上述纤维加热时,上述纤维在其远端处粘合在一起,形成一种能将纤维间的流体传送到已粘合的毛细通道纤维的毛细通道之间的毛细通道纤维交联网构。
2、如权利要求1的流体传送网构,其中,上述第一种和第二种聚合物材料是亲水性的。
3、如权利要求1的流体传送网构,其中,上述网构在压缩和拉伸时是有弹性的。
4、如权利要求1的流体传送网构,其中,上述流体传送网构是吸湿用品中的第二顶片。
5、如权利要求1的流体传送网构,其中,上述流体传送网构是吸湿用品中的顶片。
6、如权利要求1的流体传送网构,其中,上述流体传送网构是吸湿用品中的吸湿芯。
7、如权利要求1的流体传送网构,其中,上述毛细通道壁彼此平行。
8、如权利要求7的流体传送网构,其中,上述毛细通道纤维具有U形横截面。
9、如权利要求7的流体传送网构,其中,上述毛细通道纤维具有多U形横截面。
10、如权利要求7的流体传送网构,其中,上述毛细通道纤维具有H形横截面。
11、如权利要求1的流体传送网构,其中,上述毛细通道纤维是卷曲的。
12、一种吸湿用品,包括:
(a)一个透液顶片;
(b)一个与上述顶片接合的不透液体的底片;
(c)一个位于上述顶片和底片之间的吸湿芯;和
(d)一个位于上述顶片和吸湿芯之间的流体传送网构,上述流体传送网构包括若干能传送纤维内部流体的双组分毛细通道纤维,上述纤维具有一个基础部分和至少两个从上述基础部分延伸形成一条开放毛细通道的毛细通道壁,上述毛细通道壁有一个基底端和一个远端,上述毛细通道壁和上述基础部分由具有第一熔点温度的第一种聚合物材料制成,上述毛细通道壁的所述远端由具有比第一熔点温度低的第二熔点温度的第二种聚合物材料制成,因此,当在低于第一熔点温度而高于第二熔点温度的温度下对上述纤维加热时,上述纤维在其远端粘合在一起,形成一种能将纤维间的流体传送到已粘合的毛细通道纤维的毛细通道之间的毛细通道纤维交联网构。
13、如权利要求12的吸湿用品,其中,上述第一种和第二种聚合物为亲水性的。
14、如权利要求12的吸湿用品,其中,上述网构在压缩和拉伸时具有弹性。
15、如权利要求12的吸湿用品,其中,上述毛细通道壁彼此平行。
16、如权利要求12的吸湿用品,其中,上述吸湿用品是卫生巾。
17、如权利要求12的吸湿用品,其中,上述毛细通道纤维是卷曲的。
18、一种吸湿用品,包括:
(a)一个透液顶片,该顶片包括若干能传送纤维内部的流体的双组分毛细通道纤维,上述纤维具有一个基础部分和至少两个从上述基础部分延伸形成一条开放的毛细通道的毛细通道壁,上述毛细通道壁具有一个基底端和一个远端,上述毛细通道壁和基础部分由具有第一熔点温度的第一种聚合物构成,上述毛细通道壁的所述远端由具有低于第一熔点温度的第二熔点温度的第二种聚合物构成,因此,当在低于第一熔点温度而高于第二熔点温度的温度下加热上述纤维时,上述纤维在其远端粘合在一起,形成一种能将纤维间的流体传送到已粘合的毛细通道纤维的毛细通道之间的毛细通道纤维交联网构;
(b)一个与上述顶片接合的不透液体的底片;
(c)一个位于上述顶片和底片之间的吸湿芯。
19、如权利要求18的吸湿用品,其中,上述第一种和第二种聚合物材料是亲水性的。
20、如权利要求18的吸湿用品,其中,上述网构在压缩和拉伸时是具有弹性的。
21、如权利要求18的吸湿用品,其中,上述吸湿用品是卫生巾。
22、如权利要求18的吸湿用品,其中,上述毛细通道壁彼此平行。
23、如权利要求18的吸湿用品,其中,上述毛细通道纤维是卷曲的。
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DE69503044T2 (de) 1998-11-12
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EP0757549B1 (en) 1998-06-17
EP0757549A1 (en) 1997-02-12
BR9507549A (pt) 1997-08-05
AU2370495A (en) 1995-11-29
IN192766B (zh) 2004-05-15
CN1149823A (zh) 1997-05-14
DE69503044D1 (de) 1998-07-23
ZA953447B (en) 1996-01-17
CA2187300A1 (en) 1995-11-09
US5628736A (en) 1997-05-13
CA2187300C (en) 2000-10-10
ATE167387T1 (de) 1998-07-15
JPH09512465A (ja) 1997-12-16
HK1012834A1 (en) 1999-08-06
ES2117420T3 (es) 1998-08-01
WO1995029656A1 (en) 1995-11-09
AU678904B2 (en) 1997-06-12

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