CN109244681A - Micro-strip array antenna system based on 77GHz millimetre-wave radar - Google Patents
Micro-strip array antenna system based on 77GHz millimetre-wave radar Download PDFInfo
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- CN109244681A CN109244681A CN201811181719.4A CN201811181719A CN109244681A CN 109244681 A CN109244681 A CN 109244681A CN 201811181719 A CN201811181719 A CN 201811181719A CN 109244681 A CN109244681 A CN 109244681A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/29—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of micro-strip array antenna systems based on 77GHz millimetre-wave radar, belong to antenna technical field.System includes medium substrate and the transmitting antenna and receiving antenna that are set on medium substrate, the transmitting antenna includes first kind linear type transmitting antenna and plane array type transmitting antenna, the receiving antenna includes linear type receiving antenna, and the transmitting antenna and receiving antenna are connect with 77GHz millimetre-wave radar.Compared with prior art, the present invention has many advantages, such as to may be implemented for middle distance and long-range detection, low cost, small size and high-performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to antenna technical field, in particular to a kind of micro-strip array antennas based on 77GHz millimetre-wave radar
System.
Background technique
Millimetre-wave radar is widely used in traffic detection field at present, and wherein 77GHz millimetre-wave radar is either
Very big advantage is still suffered from detection accuracy or detection range in volume, this is because the radar micro-strip of 77GHz
Antenna is easier to realize narrow beam and high-gain under lesser antenna volume.Because of these characteristics, the millimeter wave based on 77GHz
Radar will become the standard configuration of active safety.The corresponding wavelength of the radar of 77GHz is shorter, the electromagnetic radiation that electromagnetic wave generates
Solenoid circuit processing technology and precision have a very high level.By taking antenna as an example, needed using micro-strip array antenna direct
It is printed on the surface of microwave printed board, due to high frequency and minimum wavelength, so that the electric size of antenna is also smaller, processing
Error requirements it is also more stringent.It is also less for the Antenna Design of 77GHz millimetre-wave radar at present.
Patent CN201520832615.0 proposes a kind of 77GHz trailer-mounted radar microstrip antenna that big spacing is structured the formation, although
It overcomes conventional microstrip antenna and lays difficult defect, but do not account for bulk factor, between being used greatly when designing antenna
The square array of 12*12 away from 144 antenna elements composition, can have large effect to the volume of whole pcb board.
Patent CN201110175648.9 provide it is a kind of in such a way that antenna is in conjunction with lens, by lens support plate, more
A di-lens, 1 transmitting antenna, multiple receiving antennas and wireless RF transceiver control module are constituted, wireless RF transceiver control module collection
At emission control module and control module is received, wherein the quantity of di-lens is equal to the quantity of transmitting antenna and receiving antenna
The sum of.Structure is complicated for whole design, and volume is larger, is not easy to be commercialized.
Patent CN200920039530.1 provides a kind of car antenna for microwave and millimeter wave frequency range, using two-sided list
Layer PCB technology realizes the closing to electromagnetic wave using upper and lower metal surface and side plated-through hole array, and in opening face
Realize effective leaky wave radiation.On the one hand this design is difficult to realize big transmission power, the battle array hole array that on the other hand metallizes is not allowed
Easily realize.
Patent CN200820163086.X proposes antivibration, dust-proof, is suitable for millimeter wave aircraft, automobile ship radar and logical
Believe equipment transmitting-receiving sensing antenna structure, di-lens antenna integrated by micro-strip, object lens, array pedestal, reflecting mirror, shield,
Wave beam change-over switch is constituted, and the cylindrical portion length of di-lens is changeable, aerial array range linear array or face battle array.This scheme
Although giving the specific implementation link that dielectric lens antenna and array are realized, there is no specifically disclose it in some work
Make frequency range, such as the specific implementation under the conditions of 77GHz.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is provide regarding to the issue above it is a kind of with high stability, miniaturization, low cost based on
The micro-strip array antenna system of 77GHz millimetre-wave radar.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of micro-strip array antenna system based on 77GHz millimetre-wave radar, the system comprises medium substrate and sets
The transmitting antenna and receiving antenna being placed on medium substrate, the transmitting antenna include first kind linear type transmitting antenna peace
Face array type transmitting antenna, the receiving antenna include linear type receiving antenna, and the transmitting antenna and receiving antenna are equal
It is connect with 77GHz millimetre-wave radar.
Preferably, the first kind linear type transmitting antenna includes multiple transmitting antenna array elements, the launching antenna array
Member is arranged in a linear, and is connected with each other by feeder line.
Preferably, the width of transmitting antenna array element is arranged on the first kind linear type transmitting antenna with gradual manner, tool
Body are as follows: the width of the transmitting antenna array element of intermediate ends is maximum on the first kind linear type transmitting antenna, the transmitting of left and right ends
Bay width successively successively decreases relative to the width of the transmitting antenna array element of intermediate ends.
Preferably, the length range of the transmitting antenna array element is 0.98~1.2mm.
Preferably, the planar array type transmitting antenna includes multiple second class linear type transmitting antennas disposed in parallel,
The second class linear type transmitting antenna is connected by the second end of impedance transformer structure and power splitter, and the of the power splitter
One end is connect with 77GHz millimetre-wave radar.
Preferably, the structure of the linear type receiving antenna is identical as the structure of first kind linear type transmitting antenna, described
The structure of second class linear type transmitting antenna is identical as the structure of first kind linear type transmitting antenna.
Preferably, the quantity of the first kind linear type transmitting antenna is no less than 2, parallel between each other.
Preferably, the difference of the track lengths of the transmitting antenna and receiving antenna is the integral multiple of medium wavelength.
Preferably, the system also includes with antenna, the adjoint antenna is parallel with receiving antenna.
Preferably, earth plate is additionally provided on the medium substrate.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the micro-strip array antenna system proposed by the present invention based on 77GHz millimetre-wave radar is sent out by setting linear type
The structure setting for penetrating antenna, linear type receiving antenna and plane array type transmitting antenna solves in the prior art based on 77GHz
The big defect of the micro-strip array antenna system bulk of millimetre-wave radar, realizes the miniaturization of system, simultaneously because planar array
The structure setting of type transmitting antenna, can be improved the detection range of system entirety, to improve the stability of system, realize millimeter
The middle distance of wave radar and long-range detection.
(2) linear type transmitting antenna includes multiple transmitting antenna array elements, is arranged in a linear and is connected between each other by feeder line
It connects, the structure of linear type receiving antenna is also identical, and such connection structure volume is small and is easily achieved, to improve system
Degree of miniaturization also reduces system cost.
(3) width of transmitting antenna array element is arranged on linear type transmitting antenna with gradual manner, and such arrangement mode can
To control current amplitude ratio, to guarantee to realize that master penetrates direction in the requirement perpendicular to antenna medium plate direction and Sidelobe, mention
High system performance.
(4) length range of transmitting antenna array element is 0.98~1.2mm, and such length setting can make every antenna
The center spacing of adjacent antenna array element controlled, to guarantee that wave beam master penetrates direction and do not deflect, improve system Sidelobe and
The characteristic of high-gain.
(5) planar array type transmitting antenna is become by multiple linear type transmitting antennas disposed in parallel by power splitter and impedance
Parallel operation structure connects and composes, and such frame mode is easily achieved, and without additional production, reduces production cost, improve production
Efficiency.
(6) difference of the track lengths of transmitting antenna and receiving antenna is the integral multiple of medium wavelength, can guarantee phase in this way
Position is equal, guarantees system performance.
(7) system is additionally provided with antenna, is arranged in parallel in receiving antenna two sides, receiving antenna can be made to reach better
Consistency improves system performance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the micro-strip array antenna system based on 77GHz millimetre-wave radar;
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of linear type transmitting antenna;
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of planar array type transmitting antenna;
Wherein, 1 is medium substrate, and 2 be feeder line, and 3 be 77GHz millimetre-wave radar, and 4 be microstrip line, and 5 be feeder line, and 6 be antenna
Array element, 7 be linear type antenna, and 8 be the linear array unit in the battle array of micro-strip face, and 9 be power splitter input terminal, and 10 be impedance matching branch
Section, 11 be power splitter output end.
Specific embodiment
In order to be more clearly understood that technology contents of the invention, spy lifts following embodiment and is described in detail.
Refering to Figure 1, for the present invention is based on the structural representations of the micro-strip array antenna system of 77GHz millimetre-wave radar
Figure.
In one embodiment, the micro-strip array antenna system based on 77GHz millimetre-wave radar, including medium substrate are somebody's turn to do
And it is set to transmitting antenna and receiving antenna on medium substrate, transmitting antenna includes first kind linear type transmitting antenna peace
Face array type transmitting antenna, receiving antenna include linear type receiving antenna, transmitting antenna and receiving antenna with 77GHz millimeter wave
Radar connection.
Specifically, the first kind linear type transmitting antenna in system includes multiple transmitting antenna array elements, launching antenna array
Member is arranged in a linear, and is connected with each other by feeder line.The width of transmitting antenna array element is on first kind linear type transmitting antenna with gradual change
Mode is arranged, specifically: the width of the transmitting antenna array element of intermediate ends is maximum on first kind linear type transmitting antenna, left and right ends
Transmitting antenna array element width successively successively decrease relative to the width of the transmitting antenna array element of intermediate ends.And the length of transmitting antenna array element
Degree range is 0.98~1.2mm.Planar array type transmitting antenna includes multiple second class linear type transmitting antennas disposed in parallel,
Second class linear type transmitting antenna is connected by the second end of impedance transformer structure and power splitter, the first end of power splitter with
The connection of 77GHz millimetre-wave radar.The quantity of first kind linear type transmitting antenna is no less than 2, parallel between each other.Linear type connects
The structure for receiving antenna is identical as the structure of first kind linear type transmitting antenna, and the structure of the second class linear type transmitting antenna is also with the
The structure of a kind of linear type transmitting antenna is identical.The difference of the track lengths of transmitting antenna and receiving antenna is the integer of medium wavelength
Times.In addition to this, system further includes with antenna, and adjoint antenna is parallel with receiving antenna.And ground connection is additionally provided on medium substrate
Plate.
In practical applications, the present invention is based on the specific implementation sides of the micro-strip array antenna system of 77GHz millimetre-wave radar
Formula is illustrated by the following examples.
Embodiment 1
It is as shown in Figure 1 the structural representation of the micro-strip array antenna system based on 77GHz millimetre-wave radar in the present embodiment
Figure, in the present embodiment, micro-strip array antenna system is specially that three hairs four receive array antenna structure, i.e., comprising three transmitting antennas and
The actual quantity of the system structure of four receiving antennas, transmitting antenna and receiving antenna can be selected flexibly according to the actual situation
It selects, the quantity setting being not limited in the present embodiment.
It can be seen from the figure that the micro-strip array antenna system in the present embodiment mainly includes medium substrate and is set to it
More antennas on surface.The back side of medium substrate 1 is additionally provided with conductive earth plate (not identifying in figure).In the present embodiment,
In order to reach better system performance, medium substrate of the medium substrate 1 using model Rogers3003, dielectric constant 3, thickness
Degree is 0.127mm, and the parameter of above-mentioned medium substrate can be selected according to the actual situation, and provided in this embodiment is wherein
A kind of preferred embodiment, this chip is connected with 77GHz millimetre-wave radar 3 by feeder line 2 for more antennas.
From figure 1 it appears that the antenna in the present embodiment can be divided into two classes according to structure, one is linear type knots
Structure, another then be planar array type structure, wherein the antenna of linear structure includes linear type transmitting antenna and linear type
Receiving antenna, and planar array type structure then relates only to planar array type transmitting antenna, from figure 2 it can be seen that every is straight
Linear antenna 7 is made of multiple radiating element, that is, bays 6, each bay 6 of every antenna arrange it is in alignment,
And it is interconnected by feeder line 5.In order to reach preferable system performance, bay 6 is used with material patch (radiation patch),
It is specially to cover copper, thickness range 15.3mm-18.7um on the surface of medium substrate in the present embodiment.And planar array type antenna
Implementation in the present embodiment is that 8 single micro-strip array antennas (i.e. linear type antenna) utilize quarter-wave impedance
The micro-strip face battle array of transformer configuration composition, the structure size of single antenna is identical as transmitting antenna, in practical realization, constitutes plane
The single array antenna quantity of array type antenna can be selected according to the actual situation, be not limited to 8.
In the present embodiment, the numbers of more antennas is 9, in addition among the above 3 transmitting antennas and 4 receiving antennas with
Outside, 2 separately have neither part nor lot in radiation with antenna, this two are to make 4 receiving antennas with the main setting purpose of antenna
Reach better consistency.It is successively labeled as Bs1, Rx1, Rx2, Rx3, Rx4, Bs2, Tx1, Tx2, Tx3 from top to bottom, wherein
Tx3 is planar array type transmitting antenna.It is every in the present embodiment according to the narrow requirement with high-gain in the face E 3dB beam angle (HPBW)
Bay, that is, antenna patch number of root antenna is determined as 12, can also be counted according to the actual situation in practical applications
The adjustment of amount.It is set as equidistant between adjacent transmission antenna, is set as equidistant between adjacent reception antenna, it is equidistant to be formed
From series feed network.Specifically, each distance is configured as follows: the spacing d1 of adjacent reception antenna is 1.98~2.42mm, about
0.56 air wavelength (λ 0), the spacing between Tx1 and Tx2 are that d2 is 7.92~9.68mm, the spacing d3 between Tx2 and Tx3
For 12.76~15.6mm.
The center-spaced size of the adjacent antenna array element 6 of every antenna needs to finely tune in simulations, to guarantee wave beam master
Penetrate direction do not deflect, more low-sidelobe level and more high-gain, for this purpose, the length range of bay is set as in the present embodiment
0.98~1.2mm.
In the present embodiment, in order to realize the requirement in the face E Sidelobe, 12 are used as using dongle husband-Chebyshev's distribution
The current amplitude of bay can control current amplitude ratio than initial value, and by the gradual change of micro-strip radiation patch width.Design
Initial stage, the width that can be approximately considered microband paste are proportional to current amplitude ratio, carry out initial designs.First determine intermediate micro-strip
Patch width, then according to current amplitude than determining other patch widths.However, while changing array element patch width, battle array
The directional diagram of member also changes correspondingly, and current amplitude also changes correspondingly, and adjacent patch can be also mutually coupled, and change that
This current amplitude and phase, therefore actually there is no good linear relationships with current amplitude ratio for patch width.The present invention
It carries out adjusting ginseng optimization in full-wave simulation software HFSS, so that it is determined that optimal antenna parameter.That is, by soft to emulating
The parameters such as the size of part input medium substrate and power, so that it may obtain the design parameter of antenna, the length including bay
Degree, length of feeder line between the width of bay, each bay etc..Wherein, with the change of bay width, even
The feed line length for connecing bay is also required to finely tune, to guarantee to realize main direction of penetrating perpendicular to antenna medium plate direction and low
The requirement of minor lobe.It is illustrated in figure 2 the structure of single linear array antenna in the present invention.Wherein, the parameters of antenna contain
Justice is as follows: L indicates the length of each radiation patch of every antenna, and W (W1-W12) indicates each bay width, each bay
Width be gradual change, i.e., intermediate bay width is maximum, the bay at both ends compared to intermediate array element width according to
It is secondary to successively decrease, the width of W_50 50 ohm microstrips of expression, the length of L_50 50 ohm microstrips of expression, W_mat expression four/
The width of one impedance transformer, L_mat indicate the length of a quarter impedance transformer, and W_fed indicates the width of feeder line, L (packet
Include L1~L11) indicate the length of each feeder line.Four that three hair four receives array antenna are constituted by 8 identical linear arrays
Receiving antenna, two environment antennas and two transmitting antennas.
As shown in figure 3, the micro-strip planar array that Tx3 is made of 8 single linear arrays, the planar array it is any one
Root antenna and the structural parameters of single linear array shown in Fig. 2 are the same.8 line arrays are given using one point eight of power splitter
Array antenna is fed, and 8 linear arrays are symmetrically placed about center line, the spacing between linear array be respectively Lb, Lc,
Ld, Le constitute 8 × 12 micro-strip planar array.Width is that the microstrip line that Wg length is Lg is the power splitter input terminal 9, with 8
The connected part of root micro-strip linear array antenna is power splitter output end 11, in order to play to the face the H directional diagram of face battle array
Minor lobe inhibits, and also to reach the impedance matching of entire surface battle array, which is utilized 6 a quarter impedance transformers
To the power splitter carried out not constant amplitude output, this 6 impedance transformers use 3 kinds of specifications width dimensions, respectively Wa,
Wb, Wc, the length of converter are La.In order to enable the planar array can be connected with 50 ohm microstrips, width, which is utilized, is
Wp length is that the microstrip line of Lp has carried out impedance matching, as impedance matching minor matters 10.By the simulation optimization of HFSS15, finally
Obtained parameter area is as shown in table 1.
1 micro-strip antenna array parameter area of table
And in the present embodiment, see Table 2 for details for the design parameter of micro-strip antenna array
The design parameter value of micro-strip antenna array in 2 the present embodiment of table
The micro-strip array antenna that three hairs four in the present embodiment are received makes 3 transmitting antennas by rationally designing feeder line cabling
The medium wavelength of integral multiple is differed, with the feed line length of 4 receiving antennas to reach the equiphase effect of each antenna.
Test, the effect energy of the antenna of the present embodiment are emulated and tested by the micro-strip array antenna to the present embodiment
Reach expected technical effect.It is specifically described below.
Emulation testing about antenna standing wave (S11) is carried out to the micro-strip array antenna of the present embodiment, simulation result shows
Antenna | S11 | the standing wave bandwidth of < -10dB is respectively as follows:
(1) Rx1:2.5GHz (76~78.5GHz)
(2) Rx2:2.5GHz (76~78.5GHz)
(3) Rx3:2.5GHz (76~78.5GHz)
(4) Rx4:2.5GHz (76~78.5GHz)
(5) Tx1:3GHz (75.8~78.8GHz)
(6) Tx2:3GHz (75.8~78.8GHz)
(7) Tx3:1.9GHz (75.5~77.4GHz) (| S (1,1) | < -15dB)
Above-mentioned data illustrate to work in these frequency ranges, and the reflection coefficient of antenna is small, and impedance operator is good, can normal work
Make.
Emulation testing about sidelobe level (SLL) is carried out to the micro-strip array antenna of the present embodiment, simulation result shows
In 76-77GHz frequency range, the SLL of all antennas is not more than -17.0dB.This numbers illustrated at an undesired direction goes out
The level value size of existing radiation lobe.SLL is bigger, at an undesired direction, can receive biggish level, reduce noise
Than introducing interference.
Emulation testing about gain (Gain) is carried out to the micro-strip array antenna of the present embodiment, simulation result shows
In 76-77GHz frequency range, the gain of antenna Rx2, Rx3 are greater than 15.0dB, and the gain of antenna Rx1, Rx4 are greater than 13.9dB;Tx1's
Gain is 15.8dB, and the gain of Tx2 is 12.2dB.The face battle array that Tx3 is 8 × 12, its gain are greater than 23.9dB, thunder may be implemented
Up to the requirement to long-range target acquisition.
Emulation testing about 3dB beam angle (HPBW), simulation result are carried out to the micro-strip array antenna of the present embodiment
Show in 76-77GHz frequency range, 7 face antenna E 3dB beam angles are not more than 10 °.This numbers illustrated wave beam is relatively narrow,
Main direction of penetrating energy can be concentrated on to radiate.Vertical beamwidth is narrower, and relatively high object can be swept to avoid main beam
Body can reduce the interference for introducing deviate the main object for penetrating direction on the vertical plane, such as billboard, road caution board etc..
Emulation testing about isolation (Isolation), simulation result are carried out to the micro-strip array antenna of the present embodiment
Show in 76-77GHz frequency range, the isolation of 4 receiving antennas is greater than 22dB;The isolation of three transmitting antennas is greater than
30dB;Isolation between nearest dual-mode antenna Rx4 and Tx1 is greater than 50dB.Isolation from illustrating day on one side
Mutual coupling and interference between line, isolation is bigger, and mutual coupling is smaller, influences on the performance of antenna smaller.
In addition, simulation result is shown, in 76-77GHz frequency range, the E surface radiation directional diagram of each antenna is stablized, wherein most
Big minor level appears in theta=-31.5 °.In 76-77GHz frequency range, the H surface radiation directional diagram of each antenna is stablized, single
The 3dB beam angle of root linear array antenna is about 90 °, and the H surface wave beam width of micro-strip face battle array Tx3 is 8.9 °.
In this description, the present invention is described with reference to its specific embodiment.But it is clear that can still make
Various modifications and alterations are without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.Therefore, the description and the appended drawings should be considered as illustrative
And not restrictive.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of micro-strip array antenna system based on 77GHz millimetre-wave radar, which is characterized in that the system comprises medium bases
Plate and the transmitting antenna and receiving antenna being set on medium substrate, the transmitting antenna include the transmitting of first kind linear type
Antenna and plane array type transmitting antenna, the receiving antenna include linear type receiving antenna, the transmitting antenna and are connect
Antenna is received to connect with 77GHz millimetre-wave radar.
2. according to claim 1 based on the micro-strip array antenna system of 77GHz millimetre-wave radar, which is characterized in that described
First kind linear type transmitting antenna includes multiple transmitting antenna array elements, and the transmitting antenna array element is arranged in a linear, and passes through feedback
Line is connected with each other.
3. according to claim 2 based on the micro-strip array antenna system of 77GHz millimetre-wave radar, which is characterized in that described
The width of transmitting antenna array element is arranged on first kind linear type transmitting antenna with gradual manner, specifically: the first kind straight line
The width of the transmitting antenna array element of intermediate ends is maximum on type transmitting antenna, and the transmitting antenna array element width of left and right ends is relative in
Between the width of transmitting antenna array element held successively successively decrease.
4. according to claim 2 based on the micro-strip array antenna system of 77GHz millimetre-wave radar, which is characterized in that described
The length range of transmitting antenna array element is 0.98~1.2mm.
5. according to claim 1 based on the micro-strip array antenna system of 77GHz millimetre-wave radar, which is characterized in that described
Planar array type transmitting antenna includes multiple second class linear type transmitting antennas disposed in parallel, the second class linear type transmitting
Antenna is connected by impedance transformer structure and the second end of power splitter, the first end and 77GHz millimeter wave thunder of the power splitter
Up to connection.
6. according to claim 5 based on the micro-strip array antenna system of 77GHz millimetre-wave radar, which is characterized in that described
The structure of linear type receiving antenna is identical as the structure of first kind linear type transmitting antenna, the second class linear type transmitting antenna
Structure it is identical as the structure of first kind linear type transmitting antenna.
7. according to claim 1 based on the micro-strip array antenna system of 77GHz millimetre-wave radar, which is characterized in that described
The quantity of first kind linear type transmitting antenna is no less than 2, parallel between each other.
8. according to claim 1 based on the micro-strip array antenna system of 77GHz millimetre-wave radar, which is characterized in that described
The difference of the track lengths of transmitting antenna and receiving antenna is the integral multiple of medium wavelength.
9. according to claim 1 based on the micro-strip array antenna system of 77GHz millimetre-wave radar, which is characterized in that described
System further includes with antenna, and the adjoint antenna is parallel with receiving antenna.
10. according to claim 1 based on the micro-strip array antenna system of 77GHz millimetre-wave radar, which is characterized in that described
Earth plate is additionally provided on medium substrate.
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