CN109239835A - Waveguide, imaging expanded mode group, light source module group, near-eye display system and equipment - Google Patents
Waveguide, imaging expanded mode group, light source module group, near-eye display system and equipment Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0123—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the field of view
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Abstract
The embodiment of the present application discloses waveguide, imaging expanded mode group, light source module group, near-eye display system and equipment.Light source module group generates the laser beam comprising image information, and laser beam is exported to imaging expanded mode group, the waveguide that expanded mode group includes vertical direction and horizontal direction is imaged, to carry out the extension on both vertically and horizontally to the laser beam exported by light source module group.Extension by imaging expanded mode group to light beam, can more efficiently increase the range of light beam emergent pupil, and the light beam for solving outgoing leads to the lesser defect of areas imaging because of field angle deficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of laser scanning display, in particular to a waveguide, an imaging expansion module, a light source module, a near-to-eye display system and a device.
Background
Nowadays, with the rapid development of Display technologies such as Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), etc., near-eye Display devices such as Head-Mounted Display (HMD) are also hot spots in the Display industry.
The existing near-eye display device generally focuses light rays of a virtual image into the pupil of a user through an optical lens, and the position of the human eye (particularly the pupil) is strictly limited due to the limited angle of view when the light rays exit.
However, during the actual use of the near-eye display device by the user, the pupil position may change, for example: the eyeball of the user rotates, or the two users with different pupil distances use the same near-to-eye display device successively, under the condition, the positions of the pupils of the users relative to the emergent light rays can be changed to a certain degree, and even exceed the corresponding range of the field angle, so that the emergent light rays can further not enter human eyes completely, and the problem that the image effect of the user is poor or even the image cannot be observed is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present application is to provide a waveguide, an image expansion module, a light source module, a near-eye display system and a device, which are used to solve the problem of the field angle of the device in the near-eye display.
An embodiment of the present application provides a waveguide, including: and the refractive index distribution of at least one position in the waveguide along the transmission path of the light beam meets the refractive index distribution of the focusing lens so as to focus the light beam transmitted in the waveguide, wherein the focusing position is positioned in the waveguide.
Further, when the refractive index distribution at a plurality of positions on the transmission path meets the refractive index distribution of the focusing lens, the distance between the exit pupils corresponding to any adjacent positions is not larger than the average minimum diameter of the pupils of the human eyes.
Further, the refractive index profiles at the plurality of positions are the same.
Furthermore, a reflecting and transmitting surface is arranged at the focusing position of the light beam in the waveguide, and the reflecting and transmitting surface and the propagation path of the light beam form a preset angle.
The embodiment of the present application further provides an imaging expansion module, and part or all of the above waveguides are used, the imaging expansion module includes: a vertical expansion waveguide and a horizontal expansion waveguide, wherein,
a plurality of inclined and mutually parallel first reflecting and transmitting surfaces are arranged in the vertical expansion waveguide along the longitudinal direction;
the horizontal expansion waveguide is internally provided with a plurality of parallel light beam passages, the incident end of each light beam passage is respectively opposite to the emergent light path of each first reflecting and transmitting surface, and each light beam passage is internally provided with at least one second reflecting and transmitting surface.
Further, each first anti-transmission surface in the vertical expansion waveguide is arranged at an equal distance, and the light beam reflected by any first anti-transmission surface completely enters the corresponding light beam path and keeps transmitting in the light beam path.
Further, when two or more second reflecting surfaces are arranged in any light beam path of the horizontal expansion waveguide, the reflecting surfaces in each light beam path are parallel to each other and are arranged at equal intervals, and any second reflecting surface is arranged at the focusing position of the light beam in the light beam path.
The embodiment of the present application still provides a light source module, uses with the aforesaid formation of image extension module cooperation, the light source module includes: a laser, a beam combination unit, a self-focusing lens and a MEMS scanning mirror, wherein,
the laser device generates laser beams, the laser beams are input to the beam combining unit, the beam combining unit combines multiple paths of laser beams output by the laser device into one path of laser and outputs the laser beam to the self-focusing lens, and the self-focusing lens collimates the combined laser beams into thin beams and outputs the thin beams to the MEMS scanning mirror for scanning and outputting.
Further, the light source module further comprises: the collimating lens is arranged on an emergent light path of the MEMS scanning mirror, a scanning center point of the MEMS scanning mirror is positioned on a front focal plane of the collimating lens, and the collimating lens is used for collimating a laser beam scanned and output by the MEMS scanning mirror.
The embodiment of the present application still provides another kind of light source module, uses with the aforesaid formation of image extension module cooperation, the light source module includes: a laser, a beam combination unit, a collimating lens, an image source and a light splitting unit, wherein,
the laser beam generated by the laser is input to the collimating lens through the beam combination unit, is collimated into an illumination beam through the collimating lens and is output to the light splitting unit;
the image source modulates the input laser beam, reflects the modulated laser beam to the second incident end of the light splitting unit and outputs the modulated laser beam from the second emergent end of the light splitting unit.
Further, the light source module still includes the mirror group, include in the mirror group: a focusing lens, a diaphragm and a collimating lens, wherein,
and laser beams emitted from the second emitting end of the light splitting unit are input to the focusing lens for focusing, the diaphragm is arranged at the focusing position to filter out high-order secondary beams, and the high-order secondary beams are output after being collimated by the collimating lens.
The embodiment of the application further provides a near-to-eye display system, which comprises the imaging expansion module and the light source module.
The embodiment of the application further provides a near-to-eye display device, the near-to-eye display device is used as an augmented reality display device and at least comprises one set of near-to-eye display system, light beams emitted by the horizontal extension waveguide in the near-to-eye display system enter human eyes, and external environment light penetrates through the horizontal extension waveguide to enter the human eyes.
The embodiment of the application further provides another near-eye display device, which is used as a virtual reality display device and comprises two sets of near-eye display systems, wherein light beams emitted by a horizontal expansion waveguide in the first set of near-eye display systems enter a left eye, and light beams emitted by a horizontal expansion waveguide in the second set of near-eye display systems enter a right eye.
By adopting the technical scheme in the embodiment of the application, the following technical effects can be realized:
the laser beam output by the image source is expanded in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction through the vertical expansion waveguide and the horizontal expansion waveguide, so that the eye-entering range of the laser beam output from the horizontal expansion waveguide is effectively increased in both the horizontal direction and the vertical direction during display imaging, the range which can be observed by human eyes during near-to-eye display can be effectively covered, and the defect that the imaging range is small due to insufficient field angle of the emergent beam is overcome.
Moreover, any beam of laser beam emitted by any second reflecting and transmitting surface in the imaging expansion module corresponds to one pixel point in the image, and all laser beams emitted by each second reflecting and transmitting surface correspond to a complete image, so that when the human eyes rotate, the pupils can observe the complete image in different directions, and only partial images can be observed due to different directions of the pupils.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a laser scanning display principle provided by an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a near-eye display system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3a is a schematic structural diagram of a waveguide provided in an embodiment of the present application;
figures 3b, 3c are schematic diagrams of waveguide exit pupillary spacing as provided by embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 3d is a schematic diagram of a waveguide structure in a particular embodiment according to embodiments of the present application;
fig. 4a is a schematic structural diagram of a waveguide in a partial near-eye display application scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4b is a schematic diagram of the transmission of a light beam in a conventional waveguide;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a first light source module 20 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a second light source module 20 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a third light source module 20 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an imaging expansion module 30 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating transmission of a laser beam in the imaging expansion module 30 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a horizontal extension waveguide 302 provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a laser beam exiting from an imaging expansion module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 12a is a schematic diagram of a near-eye display device according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 12b is a schematic diagram of another near-eye display device provided in the embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the relevant invention and not restrictive of the invention. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the related invention are shown in the drawings.
For ease of understanding, the basic principles of laser scanning imaging will first be described. As shown in fig. 1, which is a schematic diagram, fig. 1 includes: a laser light source 101, a scanning module 102 and a human retina 103.
When the imaging is displayed, laser emitted by the laser source acts on a certain pixel point after being output by the scanning module, so that the pixel point is scanned, the scanning module controls the laser beam to move to the next pixel point for scanning. In other words, the laser beam outputted by the scanning module is sequentially lighted at each pixel position by the corresponding color, gray scale or brightness. In a frame time, the laser beam traverses each pixel point at a high enough speed, and due to the characteristic of "visual residual" existing in the observation of things by human eyes, the human eyes cannot detect the movement of the laser beam at each pixel position, but see a complete image (in fig. 1, the user can see the image with the content displayed as "Hi"). Of course, the content shown in fig. 1 is only for simple illustration of the basic principle of laser scanning imaging in the near-eye display, so as to facilitate understanding of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, and should not be taken as a limitation of the present application.
Referring to fig. 2, a near-eye display system provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown. As shown in fig. 2, the near-eye display system includes: a light source module 20 and an image expansion module 30. Wherein,
the light source module 20 generates a laser beam including image information, and outputs the laser beam to the image expansion module 30.
The image expansion module 30 includes vertical and horizontal waveguides to expand the laser beam output from the light source module 20 in the vertical and horizontal directions. The laser beam input to the imaging expansion module 30 is output from the vertical waveguide to the horizontal waveguide, and is output from a plurality of exit positions provided on the horizontal waveguide.
The light beam can be expanded by the imaging expansion module, so that the range of the exit pupil of the light beam can be effectively increased, and the defect that the imaging range is small due to insufficient field angle of the emergent light beam is overcome.
In order to achieve the effect of expanding the light beam by the near-eye display system of the present application, in the embodiment of the present application, a waveguide is further provided, which is applied in a near-eye display scene, and the structure of the waveguide can refer to fig. 3 a. Specifically, fig. 3a is a schematic cross-sectional view of the waveguide 100 along the propagation direction of the light beam, and on the transmission path along the light beam in the waveguide 100, the refractive index distribution of the medium at least one position satisfies the refractive index distribution of the focusing lens to focus the light beam transmitted in the waveguide 100, wherein the focusing position is located in the waveguide 100. For the sake of easy visual understanding, three positions L satisfying the refractive index distribution of the focusing lens are shown in FIG. 3aa～c，La～cAll are indicated by dark colors, and since the refractive index distribution of the medium at these three positions satisfies that of the focusing lens, the position La～cCan act as a focusing lens, i.e. an external light beam is input to the waveguide 100, the light beam passing through the location LaAt position f, influenced by the refractive index profile of the mediumaFocusing occurs and continues to propagate in waveguide 100, similarly, through location Lb、LcIs also influenced by the refractive index profile of the medium, at position fb、fcFocusing occurs.
In practical applications, a corresponding outcoupling element (e.g., a mirror group, a reflective waveguide, or other optical device that can change the propagation direction of the light beam) can be used to couple out the light beam propagating along the waveguide 100 from the waveguide 100. At this time, if the refractive index distribution of the medium at a plurality of positions along the propagation path of the light beam satisfies the refractive index distribution of the focusing lens, then arbitrarilyThe distance between the exit pupils corresponding to two adjacent positions is not more than the average minimum diameter of the pupils of the human eyes. Specifically, the exit pupil described here can be regarded as an image formed by the light beam exiting from the waveguide 100 (the image here should not be understood as an image alone, but should be an image in a broad range in an optical system). Referring to FIG. 3b, assume position La～cRespectively corresponding focal position fa～cThe two light beams respectively emit one light beam through the action of the coupling-out element, and since any light beam can be imaged, the distance between the exit pupils corresponding to the two adjacent light beams is the distance d shown in fig. 3a (i.e. the adjacent positions L)aAnd Lb，LbAnd LcThe corresponding exit pupil spacing is d), it is obvious that if the exit pupil spacing d is not larger than the average minimum diameter of the human eye pupil, then when the human eye pupil is located between the exit pupils, the light beam exiting from the waveguide 100 can be irradiated into the human eye pupil, thereby ensuring that the field of view does not disappear. In contrast, if the exit pupils are spaced apart by a distance d greater than the average minimum diameter of the human eye pupils, the light beams exiting the waveguide 100 cannot be directed into the human eye pupils when the human eye pupils are at positions between the exit pupils, resulting in a loss of the field of view (i.e., no image is seen when the pupils are at positions between the exit pupils).
Referring to fig. 3c, in practical applications, there may also be a certain field angle of the light beams exiting the waveguide 100, for which case the exit pupils of adjacent light beams are also spaced by a distance d, which is also not greater than the average minimum diameter of the pupils of a human eye.
Generally, under the condition of normal eye use, the average diameter of pupils of human eyes ranges from 2mm to 5mm, so in the embodiment of the application, the distance between exit pupils is not more than 2mm, and therefore the situation that the visual field disappears cannot occur when the human eyes rotate.
Here, based on fig. 3b and 3c, the exit pupil distance corresponding to any adjacent position is the distance between the exit points when the light beams exit from the waveguide.
Of course, in the case where the aforementioned conditions are satisfied, in FIGS. 3a to 3c,position LaAnd LbDistance, position L ofbAnd LcAre all greater than the position LaTo faPosition LbTo fbOr position LcTo fcThe distance of (c). Of course, the distance between the positions may be the same or different, and will be set according to the needs of the practical application, and is not limited specifically here.
Generally, in a near-eye display scene, if the refractive index distribution of the medium at a plurality of positions along the transmission path satisfies the refractive index distribution of the focusing lens, the refractive index distribution of the medium at each position is the same, so that a superior display effect is achieved.
Of course, in practical applications, some more specific waveguide structures may be used. Referring to fig. 3b, the waveguide 110 is composed of a waveguide 110a and a waveguide 110b, and at least one position L is provided between the waveguide 110a and the waveguide 110bdThe refractive index distribution of which satisfies that of the focusing lens, and the incident beam passes through the position L after being transmitted in the waveguide 110a for a certain distancedInput to waveguide 110b, the beam will be focused within 110 b. At this time, although the light beam transmitted in the waveguide 110a is focused in the waveguide 110b, since the waveguide 110a and the waveguide 110b together constitute the waveguide 110, it can be considered that the focused position of the light beam is in the waveguide 110. Of course, the particular waveguide structure shown in FIG. 3b should not be construed as limiting the application.
Referring to fig. 4a, as an embodiment closer to the near-eye display scene of the present application, a reflective surface 200 is disposed at the focusing position of the light beam in the waveguide 100, and the reflective surface 200 is at a predetermined angle with respect to the propagation path of the light beam. Specifically, in one case, the anti-reflection surface 200 may be a bevel formed by fine cutting on the waveguide 100, and of course, the inclination angle of the bevel with respect to the propagation path of the light beam may be set according to the needs of the actual application, and is not particularly limited herein. After the bevel is formed, a reverse permeable film layer may be further added to the bevel, thereby forming the reverse permeable surface 200.
In yet another case, the reverse-transmissive surface 200 may be a thin layer of a medium having a reverse permeability disposed in the waveguide 100, thereby forming the reverse-transmissive surface 200.
As can be seen from fig. 4a, when the light beam propagates to the reflective surface 200, a part of the light beam is reflected by the reflective surface 200 and output from the waveguide 100; another portion passes through the anti-reflective surface 200 and continues to propagate in the waveguide 100. It is clear that providing the anti-reflection surface 200 at the focusing position of the light beam is advantageous to increase the angle at which the light beam exits the waveguide 100.
For the convenience of intuitive understanding, referring to fig. 4b, fig. 4b illustrates the transmission characteristics of the conventional waveguide, that is, after an external light beam is input into the waveguide 100 ', the propagation path thereof can be kept to be linearly propagated, if a corresponding anti-transmission surface 200 ' is provided in the waveguide 100 ', although the light beam propagated in the waveguide 100 ' can also be reflected and output, as shown in fig. 4b, the range of the light beam reflected by the anti-transmission surface 200 ' is smaller, the light beam is not diffused after being emitted, and still output in a straight state, while in fig. 4a, the light beam reflected and output by each anti-transmission surface 200 is diffused and propagated, and the area covered by the light beam is larger, and when the light beam is applied in a scene displayed by near-eye, the field angle is larger, which is beneficial to near-eye display.
Based on the foregoing, the specific structure of each module in the near-eye display system will be described in detail below.
Referring to fig. 5, a light source module 20 provided in the embodiment of the present application includes: a laser 201 beam combining unit 202 and a scanning unit 203, wherein:
the laser 201 generates a laser beam and inputs the laser beam to the beam combining unit 202. In the embodiment of the present application, the laser 201 may specifically be a laser such as: lasers such as atomic, ion, or semiconductor lasers. Generally, red (R), green (G), blue (B) monochromatic lasers can be used, or white lasers (it should be understood that white lasers can be separated into the aforementioned RGB monochromatic lasers by corresponding optical devices), and of course, the laser light sources of the corresponding colors will be specifically selected according to the needs of the practical application, and are not limited specifically here. The laser beam generated by the laser 201 may be two or even multiple beams of laser light, and needs to be input to the beam combining unit 202 for beam combining.
The beam combining unit 202 combines the multiple laser beams output by the laser 201 into one laser beam and outputs the one laser beam to the scanning unit 203.
As a possible embodiment in the present application, the scanning unit 203 may specifically be a Micro-electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) scanning mirror, and in practical application, a two-dimensional MEMS scanning mirror or two one-dimensional MEMS scanning mirrors may be adopted to implement two-dimensional scanning, and a corresponding scanning beam may be transmitted to the imaging expansion module 30 (an arrow in fig. 3 represents a propagation direction of laser light).
Referring to fig. 6, in another light source module 20 provided in the embodiment of the present application, specifically, a laser beam generated and emitted by a laser 201 may be coupled into an optical fiber through an optical fiber coupling assembly 204, and then input into a beam combining unit 202 in an optical fiber manner. In this embodiment, the beam combining unit 202 may specifically be an optical fiber beam combiner, and can combine the laser beams coupled in the optical fiber and output the combined laser beams to the self-focusing lens 205, and the self-focusing lens 205 collimates the combined laser beams into beamlets and outputs the beamlets to the scanning unit 203 (the scanning unit 203 in this embodiment is still the MEMS scanning mirror in the above embodiment).
The scanning beam output by the scanning unit 203 is output to the collimating lens 206 for collimating, and is transmitted to the image expansion module 30 (the arrow in fig. 6 represents the propagation direction of the laser).
Referring to fig. 7, another light source module 20 provided in the embodiment of the present application includes: a laser 201, a beam combination unit 202, a fiber coupling assembly 204, a collimating lens 206, a driver 209, an image source 210, a light splitting unit 211, and a mirror group 212, wherein,
under the action of the driver 209, the laser beam generated by the laser 201 is coupled and input to the optical fiber through the optical fiber coupling component 204 and then output to the beam combining unit 202, then is combined and output to the collimating lens 206 through the beam combining unit 202, and is collimated into an illumination beam through the collimating lens 206 and output to the light splitting unit 211. The first incident end 2111 of the light splitting unit 211 is disposed on the light path of the beam combining unit 202, and the first emergent end 2112 is disposed on the incident light path of the image source 210. The laser beam emitted from the first emission end 2112 of the light splitting unit 211 acts on the image source 210. Among the drivers 209 may be included a laser drive board that acts on the laser 201.
In this embodiment, the image source 210 may be a Liquid Crystal On Silicon (LCOS) chip, and the driver 209 may further include an LCOS driving board based On the LCOS chip for driving the LCOS chip. The light splitting unit 211 may be a light splitting prism, and specifically may be formed by a single prism, or may be formed by gluing one or more prisms. In some embodiments, the light splitting unit 211 may employ a Polarization Beam Splitter (PBS), in which case, the laser beams input to the light splitting unit 211 may be S light, and after being split by the light splitting unit 211, the laser beams are turned to be output to the LCOS chip to be modulated into P light, and reflected to the second incident end 2113 of the light splitting unit 211, and due to the characteristics of the PBS, the P light can be transmitted through the light splitting unit 211 after being input to the light splitting unit 211, and then output to the mirror group 212 through the second exit end 2114 of the light splitting unit 211. Of course, as can be seen from fig. 7, the first exit end 2112 and the second entrance end 2113 of the light splitting unit 211 are on the same side.
The lens set 212 may include a focusing lens 2121, a diaphragm 2122 and a collimating lens 2123. The laser beam emitted from the second emitting end 2114 of the light splitting unit 211 is input to the focusing mirror 2121 for focusing, the diaphragm 2122 is arranged at the focusing position, the high-order secondary beam is filtered out, and the collimated beam is output to the imaging expansion module 30 after being collimated by the collimating mirror 2123.
The imaging expansion module is described in detail below, and it should be understood that the aforementioned waveguide will be used in the imaging expansion module in the embodiment of the present application. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
referring to fig. 8, a specific structure of the image expansion module 30 is shown. As can be seen in fig. 8, the imaging expansion module 30 includes a vertical expansion waveguide 301 and a horizontal expansion waveguide 302. The incident end of the vertical extension waveguide 301 is disposed on the emergent light path of the light source module 20, and the incident end of the horizontal extension waveguide 302 is disposed on the emergent light path of the vertical extension waveguide 301.
In the embodiment of the present application, the vertical extension waveguide 301 may be a rectangular parallelepiped, a cylinder, or a solid structure with other shapes. The vertical expansion waveguide 301 may be integrated with the horizontal expansion waveguide 302 or may be separate from the horizontal expansion waveguide.
As can be seen in fig. 8, a plurality of first anti-reflection surfaces 3011 are disposed in parallel with each other along the longitudinal direction in the vertical expansion waveguide 301. In the embodiment of the present application, a light receiving surface of the first reverse transparent surface 3011 is added with a reverse transparent film layer, so that the first reverse transparent surface 3011 has a light transmitting function and a reflectivity. Each first transflective surface 3011 is at a set angle to the longitudinal direction of the vertical expansion waveguide 301 so that the laser beam reflected by the first transflective surface 3011 can be input into the horizontal expansion waveguide 302.
Specifically, after the laser beam is input from the incident end of the vertical expansion waveguide 301, a part of the laser beam passes through the first transflective surface, is reflected and then output to the horizontal expansion waveguide 302, another part of the laser beam can pass through the first transflective surface and irradiate onto the second transflective surface, and so on, until the laser beam irradiates onto the last transflective surface in the vertical expansion waveguide 301, and is completely reflected by the last transflective surface and input to the horizontal expansion waveguide 302.
It should be noted here that, as a possible way in the present application, the first transflective surface 3011 provided in the vertical expansion waveguide 301 may be a slope formed after fine cutting is performed on the vertical expansion waveguide 301, and further, a layer of a reflective permeable film may be added on the slope to form the first transflective surface 3011.
As another possible way in this application, the first anti-transparent surface 3011 disposed on the vertical expansion waveguide 301 may be formed by adding a corresponding thin medium (having anti-transparent property) in the vertical expansion waveguide 301 to form the first anti-transparent surface 3011.
Of course, which of the two manners is specifically selected, will be determined according to the needs of the actual application. Also, the above two modes may be used in combination, that is, in the vertically expanding waveguide, a part of the first transflective surface may be formed by the former mode and a part of the first transflective surface may be formed by the latter mode. And should not be construed as limiting the application herein.
The horizontal expansion waveguide 302 includes a plurality of parallel beam paths 3021, and an incident end of each beam path 3021 is respectively opposite to an emergent optical path of the first anti-transparent surface 3011 of the vertical expansion waveguide 301, so that the laser light reflected by the first anti-transparent surface 3011 can be accurately input into the corresponding beam path 3021. Preferably, a light beam reflected by any one of the first anti-transmissive surfaces 3011 in the vertical expansion waveguide 301 may completely enter the corresponding beam path 3021 and remain transmitted in the beam path 3021. In other words, taking the first transflective surface 3011 of the vertical expansion waveguide 301 as an example, the first transflective surface 3011 is to be deflected so as to form a predetermined angle with the longitudinal direction of the vertical expansion waveguide 301, without being inclined in other directions, with the side t being a fixed axis. And should not be construed as limiting the application herein.
At least one second light-transmitting surface 3022 is provided on the path of each beam path 3021 of the horizontally extending waveguide 302, and the second light-transmitting surface 3022 is also reflective and light-transmitting. Similar to the first anti-reflection surface 3011 of the vertical expansion waveguide 301, the second anti-reflection surface 3022 of each light beam path 3021 forms a predetermined angle with the longitudinal direction of the light beam path 3021, so that when the laser beam emitted from the vertical expansion waveguide 301 is input into the light beam path 3021, the second anti-reflection surface 3022 of the light beam path 3021 can reflect and output the laser beam to human eyes.
Similar to the first reverse transparent surface 3011 in the vertical expansion waveguide 301, a bevel may be formed by fine cutting each beam path 3021 in the horizontal expansion waveguide 302, and further a reflective transparent film layer may be added on the bevel to form a second reverse transparent surface 3022; alternatively, a thin, light-transmissive, reflective layer of medium may be disposed in each beam path 3021 to form a second, light-transmissive surface 3022. This also should not be construed as limiting the application.
Of course, as an embodiment in the present application, in fig. 8, a plurality of second anti-transmission surfaces 3022 are disposed on each light beam passage 3021, and when a plurality of second anti-transmission surfaces 3022 are disposed in each light beam passage 3021, the plurality of second anti-transmission surfaces 3022 are parallel to each other and are disposed at equal intervals.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the multiple optical beam path 3021 in the horizontal expansion waveguide 302 may be a channel structure separately provided on the horizontal expansion waveguide 302, or may be formed by controlling the propagation path of the laser beam in the horizontal expansion waveguide 302 through an optical element.
The latter approach is highlighted here: in this manner, a self-focusing lens array may be provided in the horizontally-expanding waveguide 302 (or the horizontally-expanding waveguide 302 may be configured using a self-focusing lens array, which is not particularly limited herein) so as to control the path of the laser beam propagating in the horizontally-expanding waveguide 302, thereby forming each beam path 3021.
Specifically, referring to fig. 9, which is a schematic diagram of the transmission of the laser beam in the image expansion module 30, in fig. 9, the laser beam is reflected by the first anti-reflection surface 3011 in the vertical expansion waveguide 301 and then input to the horizontal expansion waveguide 302, and at this time, the laser beam is composed of a large number of very thin beams, and after propagating for a certain distance, the large number of very thin beams are focused at the position L1 by the action of the self-focusing lens in the horizontal expansion waveguide 302. The position L1 is provided with a second reflective surface 3022, as mentioned above, a part of the laser beam is reflected by the second reflective surface 3022, and another part of the laser beam continues to propagate in the beam path 3021 after passing through the second reflective surface 3022. As can be seen from fig. 9, the laser beam transmitted through the second reflective surface 3022 is collimated by the self-focusing lens and focused again at the position L2 while propagating from the position L1 to the position L2, and another second reflective surface 3022 is disposed at the position L2 to split the laser beam. By analogy, the laser beam is periodically collimated and focused under the action of the self-focusing lens array until the laser beam input into the horizontal expansion waveguide 302 is totally reflected and output.
As is apparent from the above description, in any one of the beam paths 3021, the second transflective surface 3022 is provided at the focal position of the laser beam (of course, only 3 second transflective surfaces 3022 are shown in fig. 9 for convenience of explanation, and the present application is not to be construed as being limited thereto).
Meanwhile, it is understood that, in the case where a plurality of second reflection surfaces 3022 exist in the same beam path 3021, the pitch of each second reflection surface 3022 is generally closely related to the focal position of the laser beam, and by setting parameters such as the refractive index, the thickness, and the like of each focusing lens itself in the self-focusing lens array, the specific focal position can be controlled in the beam path 3021. Of course, how many focal positions are set in beam path 3021, and the spacing between the focal positions, will be determined according to the needs of the application. In one embodiment of the present application, the number and spacing of the focal positions in beam path 3021 are such that it is ensured that the user does not lose the image field of view during viewing of the imaging display due to eye rotation.
Referring to fig. 10, as a possible way, each beam path 3021 of the horizontal expanding waveguide 302 is provided with a plurality of exit ports 3023, and each exit port 3023 is located corresponding to one second reflective transparent surface 3022, so that the laser beam reflected by any one second reflective transparent surface 3022 can exit from the corresponding pair of exit ports 3023. In the present embodiment, the shape of the exit port 3023 may be rectangular, square, circular, or other geometric shapes that do not affect the exit of the laser beam, and similarly, the size of the exit port 3023 should not affect the exit of the laser beam reflected by the second reflective surface 3022. Of course, the shape and size of the exit port 3023 will be specifically set according to the requirements of the practical application, and should not be construed as limiting the present application.
In practical applications, different reflectivities may be set for the first transflective surface 3011 or the second transflective surface 3022. For example: taking the vertically expanding waveguide 301 as an example, for the plurality of first transflective surfaces 3011, the reflectivity of the first transflective surface may be set to 20%, the reflectivity of the second transflective surface may be set to 25%, the reflectivity of the third transflective surface may be set to 33%, the reflectivity of the fourth transflective surface may be set to 50%, and the reflectivity of the fifth transflective surface may be set to 100%, so that the intensities of the laser lights reflected by the 5 transflective surfaces are 20% of the total light intensity. It is understood that the brightness of the light beam exiting from each second reflective transparent surface 3022 of the horizontal expansion waveguide 302 is uniform to achieve a better display effect.
Referring to fig. 11, the imaging expansion module is provided with a plurality of second reflecting and transmitting surfaces, so that the emitted laser beam can fully cover the visual field range of the human eye, and the emitted laser beam is within the coverage range of the laser beam no matter the human eye rotates left and right or up and down. Moreover, any beam of laser beam emitted by any second reflecting and transmitting surface in the imaging expansion module corresponds to one pixel point in the image, and all laser beams emitted by each second reflecting and transmitting surface correspond to a complete image, so that when the human eyes rotate, the pupils can observe the complete image in different directions, and only partial images can be observed due to different directions of the pupils.
Of course, the size of the vertical extension waveguide 301 and the horizontal extension waveguide 302 can be determined according to the practical application requirement, and as a feasible way in the embodiment of the present application, the length of the horizontal extension waveguide matches with the range that can be observed by the horizontal rotation of the human eye during the near-eye display, and the width of the horizontal extension waveguide 302 (i.e., the length of the vertical extension waveguide 301) matches with the range that can be observed by the vertical rotation of the human eye during the near-eye display. It should be understood that vertical expansion waveguide 301 and horizontal expansion waveguide 302 generally match the dimensions of the imaging optics of the near-eye display device.
In practical applications, the near-eye display system provided by the embodiment of the present application can be applied to a near-eye display device such as an AR device or a VR device.
Specifically, the near-eye display device in the embodiment of the present application includes at least one set of the near-eye display system described in the foregoing.
Referring to fig. 12a, the near-eye display device is mainly used as an augmented reality display device, in this case, the near-eye display device may only include one set of near-eye display system S1, light emitted from the horizontal extension waveguide in the near-eye display system S1 may enter human eyes, and meanwhile, external ambient light may also enter human eyes through the horizontal extension waveguide, so that a user views a corresponding augmented reality image. Of course, one possible form of a near-eye display device is shown in fig. 12a, i.e., using an integrally formed lens (i.e., the left and right lenses are not separately separated) as may be the horizontally expanding waveguide in the near-eye display system S1.
Referring to fig. 12b, the near-eye display device is mainly used as a virtual reality display device, in this case, the near-eye display device comprises two sets of near-eye display systems, wherein the light exiting from the horizontal expansion waveguide in the first set of near-eye display system S3 enters the left eye, and the light exiting from the horizontal expansion waveguide in the second set of near-eye display system S5 enters the right eye. Of course, one possible form of a near-eye display device is shown in fig. 12b, namely, the horizontal expansion waveguide in the first set of near-eye display systems S3 and the horizontal expansion waveguide in the second set of near-eye display systems S5, as separate two lenses in the near-eye display device.
In general, when the user uses the near-eye display device, the user can view the corresponding AR/VR image through the lens, and therefore, based on the above, it can be seen that the lens of the near-eye display device is provided with the horizontally extending waveguide, and in order to ensure a sufficient light irradiation range, a sufficient amount of light beam path and a second reflection surface can be provided at a position corresponding to the human eye on the lens. This will not be described in too much detail.
The embodiments in the present application are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments can be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. Especially, as for the device, apparatus and medium type embodiments, since they are basically similar to the method embodiments, the description is simple, and the related points may refer to part of the description of the method embodiments, which is not repeated here.
Thus, particular embodiments of the present subject matter have been described. Other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. In some cases, the actions recited in the claims can be performed in a different order and still achieve desirable results. In addition, the processes depicted in the accompanying figures do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous.
The expressions "first", "second", "said first" or "said second" used in various embodiments of the present disclosure may modify various components regardless of order and/or importance, but these expressions do not limit the respective components. The above description is only configured for the purpose of distinguishing elements from other elements. For example, the first user equipment and the second user equipment represent different user equipment, although both are user equipment. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
When an element (e.g., a first element) is referred to as being "operably or communicatively coupled" or "connected" (operably or communicatively) to "another element (e.g., a second element) or" connected "to another element (e.g., a second element), it is understood that the element is directly connected to the other element or the element is indirectly connected to the other element via yet another element (e.g., a third element). In contrast, it is understood that when an element (e.g., a first element) is referred to as being "directly connected" or "directly coupled" to another element (a second element), no element (e.g., a third element) is interposed therebetween.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the application and is illustrative of the principles of the technology employed. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the scope of the invention herein disclosed is not limited to the particular combination of features described above, but also encompasses other arrangements formed by any combination of the above features or their equivalents without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, the above features may be replaced with (but not limited to) features having similar functions disclosed in the present application.
Claims (13)
1. A waveguide, wherein at least one location along a transmission path of a light beam in the waveguide has a refractive index profile satisfying a refractive index profile of a focusing lens for focusing the light beam transmitted in the waveguide, wherein the focusing location is located in the waveguide.
2. The waveguide of claim 1, wherein when the refractive index profile at the plurality of locations along the transmission path satisfies the refractive index profile of the focusing lens, the distance between the exit pupils at any adjacent location is no greater than the average minimum diameter of the pupil of a human eye.
3. The waveguide of claim 2, wherein the refractive index profile is the same at the plurality of locations.
4. A waveguide according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein a reflecting surface is provided in the waveguide at the location of the focus of the light beam, the reflecting surface being at a predetermined angle to the path of travel of the light beam.
5. An imaging expansion module, partially or wholly using the waveguide of any one of claims 1 to 4, the imaging expansion module comprising: a vertical expansion waveguide and a horizontal expansion waveguide, wherein,
a plurality of inclined and mutually parallel first reflecting and transmitting surfaces are arranged in the vertical expansion waveguide along the longitudinal direction;
the horizontal expansion waveguide is internally provided with a plurality of parallel light beam passages, the incident end of each light beam passage is respectively opposite to the emergent light path of each first reflecting and transmitting surface, and each light beam passage is internally provided with at least one second reflecting and transmitting surface.
6. The imaging expansion module of claim 5, wherein each of said first anti-transmission surfaces in said vertical expansion waveguide is disposed equidistantly, and a light beam reflected by any of said first anti-transmission surfaces completely enters a corresponding said light beam path and remains transmitted in said light beam path.
7. The imaging expansion module of claim 5, wherein when two or more second reflecting surfaces are provided in any beam path of the horizontal expansion waveguide, the reflecting surfaces in each beam path are parallel and equidistant to each other, and any of the second reflecting surfaces is provided at a focusing position of the beams in the beam path.
8. A light source module for use with the imaging extension module of any one of claims 5-7, the light source module comprising: a laser, a beam combination unit, a self-focusing lens and a MEMS scanning mirror, wherein,
the laser device generates laser beams, the laser beams are input to the beam combining unit, the beam combining unit combines multiple paths of laser beams output by the laser device into one path of laser and outputs the laser beam to the self-focusing lens, and the self-focusing lens collimates the combined laser beams into thin beams and outputs the thin beams to the MEMS scanning mirror for scanning and outputting.
9. A light source module for use with the imaging extension module of any one of claims 5-7, the light source module comprising: a laser, a beam combination unit, a collimating lens, an image source and a light splitting unit, wherein,
the laser beam generated by the laser is input to the collimating lens through the beam combination unit, is collimated into an illumination beam through the collimating lens and is output to the light splitting unit;
the image source modulates the input laser beam, reflects the modulated laser beam to the second incident end of the light splitting unit and outputs the modulated laser beam from the second emergent end of the light splitting unit.
10. The light source module as claimed in claim 9, further comprising a lens assembly, wherein the lens assembly comprises: a focusing lens, a diaphragm and a collimating lens, wherein,
and laser beams emitted from the second emitting end of the light splitting unit are input to the focusing lens for focusing, the diaphragm is arranged at the focusing position to filter out high-order secondary beams, and the high-order secondary beams are output after being collimated by the collimating lens.
11. A near-eye display system comprising the imaging expansion module of any one of claims 5-7 and the light source module of any one of claims 8-10.
12. A near-eye display device, wherein the near-eye display device is used as an augmented reality display device, and at least comprises a set of near-eye display system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the light beam emitted from the horizontal extension waveguide in the near-eye display system enters human eyes, and external ambient light enters the human eyes through the horizontal extension waveguide.
13. A near-eye display device, characterized in that the near-eye display device comprises two sets of near-eye display systems as claimed in claim 11 as a virtual reality display device, wherein the light beams exiting from the horizontal expansion waveguide in the first set of near-eye display systems enter the left eye, and the light beams exiting from the horizontal expansion waveguide in the second set of near-eye display systems enter the right eye.
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| CN201811222780.9A CN109239835A (en) | 2018-10-19 | 2018-10-19 | Waveguide, imaging expanded mode group, light source module group, near-eye display system and equipment |
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| CN201811222780.9A CN109239835A (en) | 2018-10-19 | 2018-10-19 | Waveguide, imaging expanded mode group, light source module group, near-eye display system and equipment |
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Application publication date: 20190118 |