CN109239733A - It is a kind of for detecting the polarization detecting device of low-altitude low-velocity small targets - Google Patents
It is a kind of for detecting the polarization detecting device of low-altitude low-velocity small targets Download PDFInfo
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- CN109239733A CN109239733A CN201811107239.3A CN201811107239A CN109239733A CN 109239733 A CN109239733 A CN 109239733A CN 201811107239 A CN201811107239 A CN 201811107239A CN 109239733 A CN109239733 A CN 109239733A
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 27
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/89—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
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- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
本发明实施例公开了一种用于探测低空慢速小目标的偏振探测装置。该偏振探测装置包括用于形成光通路并生成偏振图像的光学系统，用于检测经过光学系统的光的探测器，与光学系统配合且用于控制探测器在预设时间点曝光的曝光控制系统，用于处理偏振图像以获得偏振度及偏振角图像的图像处理器和用于支撑和连接所述光学系统和曝光控制系统的机械支撑系统。本发明实施例用于探测低空慢速小目标的偏振探测装置具有探测范围大、分辨率高、信噪比高、准实时的优点。
The embodiment of the invention discloses a polarization detection device for detecting a low-altitude slow-speed small target. The polarization detection device includes an optical system for forming a light path and generating a polarization image, a detector for detecting light passing through the optical system, and an exposure control system for controlling the exposure of the detector at a preset time point in cooperation with the optical system. , an image processor for processing polarization images to obtain polarization degree and polarization angle images, and a mechanical support system for supporting and connecting the optical system and the exposure control system. The polarization detection device for detecting low-altitude slow-speed small targets according to the embodiment of the present invention has the advantages of large detection range, high resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio, and quasi-real-time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical fields of polarization imaging, and in particular to a kind of for detecting the inclined of low-altitude low-velocity small targets
Vibration detection device.
Background technique
With the substantial increase of the civil spacecraft in low latitude field, it is badly in need of developing for the pre- of low-altitude low-velocity small targets
Police-spy's examining system, to improve the regulation technique means of low altitude airspace.Low-altitude low-velocity small targets refer to low latitude hedgehopping
(flying height in 1000m or less), flying speed slow (flying speed is less than 200km/h), be not easy to find (reflective surface area by radar
Less than 2m2) etc. the small-sized aerial craft of features and object drifted by wind.The difficult point of low-altitude low-velocity small targets detection is: due to low-altitude low-velocity
Small object flying height is lower, causes surrounding clutter echo stronger；Low-altitude low-velocity small targets flying speed is slow, so that target
Echo and noise signal are very close in Doppler frequency, no matter causing all to be difficult to have target from time domain or frequency domain
Effect detection；Moreover, in the actual environment, the long-pending often very little of the specular cross section of low-altitude low-velocity small targets.
It is lacked currently, common radar surveillance mode is big, weak to small target detection echo etc. since there are low-altitude detection blind areas
Point, and the disadvantages of big visual field optical scanning technique exists vulnerable to background interference, and signal-to-noise ratio is insufficient, to the pre- of low-altitude low-velocity small targets
Alert Effect on Detecting is undesirable.
Polarization imaging mode can detect the polarization of the reflection of the objects such as unlike material, surface roughness, spontaneous radiation
Information can be effectively reduced the influence of mixed and disorderly background, improve the contrast of target and background, be suitable for the small mesh of low-altitude low-velocity
Target detection.Currently, real-time polarization imaging detection technology includes dividing amplitude, point aperture, dividing focal plane three kinds of groundwork modes.Point
Amplitude system structure is complicated, volume is big, divides aperture system capacity usage ratio low, divides the field angle of focal plane system small, so traditional
Real-time polarization Detection Techniques not can be used directly in low-altitude low-velocity small targets early warning monitoring detection.
Therefore, for the problems of existing low-altitude low-velocity small targets detection, it is necessary to provide a kind of with detection
Range is big, high resolution, signal-to-noise ratio are high, the polarization detecting device for being used to detect low-altitude low-velocity small targets quasi real time.
Summary of the invention
Undesirable, the existing polarization detecting device for existing radar detection apparatus detection low-altitude low-velocity small targets effect
The problem of can not being directly applied for low-altitude low-velocity small targets detection, the embodiment of the present invention propose a kind of small for detecting low-altitude low-velocity
The polarization detecting device of target.The polarization detecting device for detecting low-altitude low-velocity small targets that the embodiment of the present invention is proposed is adopted
Low-altitude low-velocity small targets are detected with polarization imaging mode, have that investigative range is big, high resolution, signal-to-noise ratio are high and in real time
The good advantage of property.
The concrete scheme of the polarization detecting device for being used to detect low-altitude low-velocity small targets is as follows: one kind is for detecting low latitude
The polarization detecting device of Small object at a slow speed, comprising: optical system is used to form light-path and generates polarization image；Detector is used
In light of the detection Jing Guo the optical system；Exposure Control Module cooperates with the optical system, for controlling the detector
It is exposed in preset time point；Image processor, for handling the polarization image to obtain degree of polarization and angle of polarization image；It is mechanical
Support system is used to support and connects the optical system and Exposure Control Module.
Preferably, the optical system includes the front lens group set gradually, scan module and rear microscope group.
Preferably, the front lens group includes multiple channels, includes one group of visual field offset prism and a line in each channel
Polarizing film.
Preferably, the multiple channel is nine channels being evenly distributed on mechanical disk circumference, and nine channels are equal
It is divided into three groups of channels, the visual field offset prism in every group of channel is identical, and the linear polarizer in every group of channel is polarized direction difference.
Preferably, the direction that is polarized of the linear polarizer in every group of channel is 0 °, 60 ° with the angle of horizontal direction respectively
With 120 °.
Preferably, the scan module includes scanning microscope group and scanning turntable, the scanning microscope group and the scanning turntable
It is fixedly connected.
Preferably, the scanning microscope group includes the first reflecting mirror and the second reflecting mirror, and first reflecting mirror and second is instead
The angle of the optical axis of mirror and the optical axis of the rear microscope group is penetrated into 45 degree.
Preferably, the Exposure Control Module includes nine inductors and an optoelectronic switch, and nine inductors are equal
The even periphery for being arranged in the scanning turntable.
Preferably, the mechanical support system includes mechanical disk for fixing front lens group and connect with the mechanical disk
Bottom plate.
Preferably, described image processor calculates degree of polarization and angle of polarization image according to the polarization image of the different degrees of bias,
The degree of polarization in different visual field directions and angle of polarization image are spliced again, to synthesize final polarization image.
As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the embodiment of the present invention has the advantage that
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of for detecting the polarization detecting device of low-altitude low-velocity small targets, Polarization Detection dress
It sets using polarization mode, significantly reduces influence of the complex background to detection accuracy, improve the contrast of target and background,
Effectively improve the detectivity of device.Further, polarization detecting device provided by the embodiment of the present invention is using rotation
The method of formula scanning mirror combination visual field offset prism, changes space with the time, the image for first obtaining different field of view is spelled again
It connects, expands the detection viewing field of detection device under same volume conditions.Further, polarization provided by the embodiment of the present invention is visited
The device feature low according to the movement velocity of low-altitude low-velocity small targets is surveyed, using high-speed rotating scanning mirror successively by having
The front lens group exposure of 0 °, 60 °, 120 ° polarization direction, can get three polarization images being polarized under angle, need to only control scanning
The time for exposure of speed and detector easily and efficiently guarantees the real-time detection precision of device.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of for detecting the knot of the polarization detecting device of low-altitude low-velocity small targets to provide in the embodiment of the present invention
Structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the path channels schematic diagram of optical system in embodiment illustrated in fig. 1.
Numbering in the drawing explanation:
100, polarization detecting device 1, mechanical disk 2, channel
3, the first reflecting mirror 4, the second reflecting mirror 5, inductor
6, it scans turntable 7, optoelectronic switch 8, microscope group be imaged afterwards
9, detector 10, bottom plate 11, visual field offset prism
14, the first lens 15 are imaged afterwards, the second lens 16 of rear imaging, the third lens are imaged afterwards
17, the 4th lens 18, the 5th lens 19 of rear imaging, the 6th lens of rear imaging are imaged afterwards
20, the 7th lens 21, detector window 22, optical filter are imaged afterwards
Specific embodiment
In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present invention, below in conjunction in the embodiment of the present invention
Attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is only
The embodiment of a part of the invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, ordinary skill people
The model that the present invention protects all should belong in member's every other embodiment obtained without making creative work
It encloses.
Description and claims of this specification and term " first ", " second ", " third " " in above-mentioned attached drawing
The (if present)s such as four " are to be used to distinguish similar objects, without being used to describe a particular order or precedence order.It should manage
The data that solution uses in this way are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments described herein can be in addition to illustrating herein
Or the sequence other than the content of description is implemented.In addition, term " includes " and " having " and their any deformation, it is intended that
Cover it is non-exclusive include, for example, containing the process, method, system, product or equipment of a series of steps or units need not limit
In step or unit those of is clearly listed, but may include be not clearly listed or for these process, methods, produce
The other step or units of product or equipment inherently.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of Polarization Detection for detecting low-altitude low-velocity small targets provided in the embodiment of the present invention fills
The structural schematic diagram set.This includes: to be used to form light-path simultaneously for detecting the polarization detecting device 100 of low-altitude low-velocity small targets
The optical system for generating polarization image cooperates and is used for optical system for detecting the detector 9 of the light Jing Guo optical system
The Exposure Control Module that control detector 9 is exposed in preset time point, for handling polarization image to obtain degree of polarization and polarization
The image processor (not shown) of angle image, is used to support and connects the machinery of the optical system and Exposure Control Module
Support system." connecting " herein not only includes being directly connected to mechanically, further includes passing through mechanical support system in control process
So that optical system and Exposure Control Module form the connection relationship of control condition.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2 shown in, in this embodiment, optical system include the front lens group set gradually, scan module and
Microscope group afterwards.Front lens group includes multiple channels 2, includes one group of visual field offset prism 11 and a linear polarizer (figure in each channel 2
In be not shown).As shown in Fig. 2, every group of visual field offset prism 11 includes double wedges with certain angle, offset optical axis is played
Effect.Preferably, as shown in Figure 1, multiple channels are nine channels 2 being evenly distributed on mechanical 1 circumference of disk, nine channels are equal
It is divided into three groups of channels.Three channels are one group, and every group of channel corresponds to the same visual field direction.Visual field offset rib in every group of channel
Mirror 11 is identical, and the linear polarizer in every group of channel is polarized direction difference.The direction that is polarized of linear polarizer in every group of channel is divided
It is not 0 °, 60 ° and 120 ° with the angle of horizontal direction.The channel of difference group respectively corresponds three adjacent visual fields of horizontal direction.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, scan module includes scanning microscope group and scanning turntable 6, and scanning microscope group and scanning turntable 6 are fixed
Connection.Scanning microscope group includes the first reflecting mirror 3 and the second reflecting mirror 4, the light of the optical axis of the first reflecting mirror 3 and the second reflecting mirror 4
Axis is parallel to each other, and the mirror surface of the mirror surface of the first reflecting mirror 3 and the second reflecting mirror 4 is staggered relatively.The optical axis of first reflecting mirror 3 and
The angle of the optical axis of two-mirror 4 and the optical axis of rear microscope group 8 is at 45 degree.Scanning turntable 6 is fixedly connected with scanning microscope group, and scanning turns
Optical axis rotation of the movement driving scanning microscope group of platform 6 around rear imaging microscope group 8.Mechanical support system includes for fixing front lens group
Mechanical disk 1, the bottom plate 10 being connect with the mechanical disk.
Referring to Fig.1, Exposure Control Module includes nine inductors 5 and an optoelectronic switch 7, nine uniform cloth of inductor 5
It sets on the periphery of the scanning turntable 6, optoelectronic switch 7 is located on the bottom plate 10 of mechanical support system.The position of nine inductors 5
It is corresponded to each other respectively with the position in nine channels.When scanning the rotation of turntable 6, at the rotation to the position of optoelectronic switch 7 of inductor 5
When, the camera of triggering detector 9 is exposed.Visible light planar array detector or the infrared coke of gazing type specifically can be used in detector 9
Planar array detector.Scanning system around rear imaging microscope group optical axis rotation, successively nine Jing Guo front lens group channel position when into
Row external trigger exposure, to obtain the adjacent image of three groups of horizontal field of view.In every group of image comprising 0 °, 60 °, 120 ° of three width it is inclined
Shake image.
Referring to Fig. 2, the path channels schematic diagram of optical system in the embodiment of the present invention.In this embodiment, before light passes through
Microscope group, scan module and rear microscope group reach detector again, form polarization image.Microscope group 8 includes multiple diaphotoscopes afterwards, is specifically included
The first lens of rear imaging 14, the second lens 15 of rear imaging, rear imaging the third lens 16, the 4th lens of rear imaging once arranged
17, the 5th lens 18, the 6th lens 19 of rear imaging, the 7th lens 20 of rear imaging are imaged afterwards.First lens 14, rear imaging second are thoroughly
Mirror 15, rear imaging the third lens 16, the 4th lens 17 of rear imaging, the 5th lens 18 of rear imaging, the 6th lens 19 of rear imaging and after
It is different that bore, focal length, direction of the 7th lens 20 etc. is imaged.As it is known by the man skilled in the art, in other embodiments,
The number or parameter of the specific lens of microscope group 8 can also adaptively change afterwards.Preferably, before light enters detector,
The optical filter 22 that the front setting of detector 9 could enter for the detector window 21 of optically focused and specific light wave.
The adjacent image of three groups of horizontal field of view is being obtained, and comprising 0 °, 60 °, 120 ° of three width polarization figure in every group of image
As after, image processor calculates degree of polarization and angle of polarization image according to the polarization image of different degree of bias degree, then by different visual fields
The degree of polarization and angle of polarization image in direction are spliced, to synthesize final polarization image.Image processor specifically parses often
The calculating process of the polarization characteristic in a market is as shown in formula 1 to formula 5.
Wherein, I0Indicate that linear polarizer is polarized the polarization image obtained when direction is 0 °, I60Indicate that linear polarizer plays folk prescription
To be 60 ° when the polarization image that obtains, I120Indicate that linear polarizer is polarized the polarization image obtained when direction is 120 °, DoLP table
Show that angle of polarization image, AoLP indicate degree of polarization.
In this embodiment, front lens group is using nine channels, and correspondingly, the scanning turntable periphery of rotation is provided with nine
A inductor.In other embodiments, the channel of other quantity can also be used in front lens group, and such as six, eight, ten, 12
Deng correspondingly, the scanning turntable periphery of rotation is also provided with the inductor of corresponding number.
In this embodiment, nine channels of front lens group are divided into three groups, are polarized in each group of channel using difference
The linear polarizer in direction.In other embodiments, nine channels of front lens group are also segmented into the group number of other quantity, and such as two
Group, four groups etc..What is used in each group of channel is polarized direction and can also do and adaptively change.
Polarization detecting device 100 provided in an embodiment of the present invention for detecting low-altitude low-velocity small targets uses polarization side
Formula significantly reduces influence of the complex background to detection accuracy, improves the contrast of target and background, effectively improve
The detectivity of device.
Polarization detecting device 100 provided in an embodiment of the present invention for detecting low-altitude low-velocity small targets, which uses, rotatably to be swept
The method for retouching mirror combination visual field offset prism changes space with the time, and the image for first obtaining different field of view is spliced again, expands
The detection viewing field of detection device under big same volume conditions.
Polarization detecting device 100 provided in an embodiment of the present invention for detecting low-altitude low-velocity small targets is according to low-altitude low-velocity
The low feature of the movement velocity of Small object, using high-speed rotating scanning mirror successively by having 0 °, 60 °, 120 ° of polarization directions
Front lens group exposure, can get three polarization images being polarized under angle, need to only control the exposure of scanning speed and detector
Time easily and efficiently guarantees the real-time detection precision of device.
In the description of this specification, reference term " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " specifically show
The description of example " or " some examples " etc. means specific features, structure, material or spy described in conjunction with this embodiment or example
Point is included at least one embodiment or example of the invention.In the present specification, schematic expression of the above terms are not
It must be directed to identical embodiment or example.Moreover, particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be in office
It can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiment or examples.In addition, without conflicting with each other, the skill of this field
Art personnel can tie the feature of different embodiments or examples described in this specification and different embodiments or examples
It closes and combines.
Although the embodiments of the present invention has been shown and described above, it is to be understood that above-described embodiment is example
Property, it is not considered as limiting the invention, those skilled in the art within the scope of the invention can be to above-mentioned
Embodiment is changed, modifies, replacement and variant.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of for detecting the polarization detecting device of low-altitude low-velocity small targets, which is characterized in that the polarization detecting device packet
It includes:
Optical system is used to form light-path and generates polarization image；
Detector, for detecting the light Jing Guo the optical system；
Exposure Control Module cooperates with the optical system, exposes for controlling the detector in preset time point；
Image processor, for handling the polarization image to obtain degree of polarization and angle of polarization image；
Mechanical support system is used to support and connects the optical system and Exposure Control Module.
2. according to claim 1 a kind of for detecting the polarization detecting device of low-altitude low-velocity small targets, which is characterized in that
The optical system includes the front lens group set gradually, scan module and rear microscope group.
3. according to claim 2 a kind of for detecting the polarization detecting device of low-altitude low-velocity small targets, which is characterized in that
The front lens group includes multiple channels, includes one group of visual field offset prism and a linear polarizer in each channel.
4. according to claim 3 a kind of for detecting the polarization detecting device of low-altitude low-velocity small targets, which is characterized in that
The multiple channel is nine channels being evenly distributed on mechanical disk circumference, and nine channels are divided into three groups of channels, often
Visual field offset prism in group channel is identical, and the linear polarizer in every group of channel is polarized direction difference.
5. according to claim 4 a kind of for detecting the polarization detecting device of low-altitude low-velocity small targets, which is characterized in that
The direction that is polarized of linear polarizer in every group of channel is 0 °, 60 ° and 120 ° with the angle of horizontal direction respectively.
6. according to claim 2 a kind of for detecting the polarization detecting device of low-altitude low-velocity small targets, which is characterized in that
The scan module includes scanning microscope group and scanning turntable, and the scanning microscope group is fixedly connected with the scanning turntable.
7. according to claim 6 a kind of for detecting the polarization detecting device of low-altitude low-velocity small targets, which is characterized in that
The scanning microscope group includes the first reflecting mirror and the second reflecting mirror, the optical axis of the optical axis of first reflecting mirror, the second reflecting mirror
Angle with the optical axis of the rear microscope group is at 45 degree.
8. according to claim 6 a kind of for detecting the polarization detecting device of low-altitude low-velocity small targets, which is characterized in that
The Exposure Control Module includes nine inductors and an optoelectronic switch, and nine inductors are evenly arranged in the scanning
The periphery of turntable.
9. according to claim 1 a kind of for detecting the polarization detecting device of low-altitude low-velocity small targets, which is characterized in that
The mechanical support system includes mechanical disk for fixing front lens group and the bottom plate that connect with the mechanical disk.
10. according to claim 1 a kind of for detecting the polarization detecting device of low-altitude low-velocity small targets, feature exists
Degree of polarization and angle of polarization image are calculated according to the polarization image of the different degrees of bias in, described image processor, then by different visual fields
The degree of polarization and angle of polarization image in direction are spliced, to synthesize final polarization image.
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| CN201811107239.3A CN109239733A (en) | 2018-09-21 | 2018-09-21 | It is a kind of for detecting the polarization detecting device of low-altitude low-velocity small targets |
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| CN201811107239.3A CN109239733A (en) | 2018-09-21 | 2018-09-21 | It is a kind of for detecting the polarization detecting device of low-altitude low-velocity small targets |
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