CN109220371B - A kind of preparation method of seedling matrix square and application of the seedling matrix square - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of seedling matrix square and application of the seedling matrix square Download PDFInfo
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- CN109220371B CN109220371B CN201710311383.8A CN201710311383A CN109220371B CN 109220371 B CN109220371 B CN 109220371B CN 201710311383 A CN201710311383 A CN 201710311383A CN 109220371 B CN109220371 B CN 109220371B
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- GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N aldehydo-D-glucose Chemical class OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于蔬菜栽培技术领域，具体涉及一种育苗基质方块的制备方法及该育苗基质方块的应用，所述方法为，以价廉易得的豆粕为原料，通过控制水解条件，获得不同空间结构的水解蛋白，通过碱酸碱的方法合成水解蛋白‑尿素‑甲醛嵌段共聚物，在合成后加入水溶肥、发泡剂、普通基质、固化剂，制得育苗基质方块。本发明方法制备的育苗基质方块既提高了孔隙率又能够调控水分和养分含量，同时，该发泡改性脲醛树脂富含氮磷钾等元素，还是一种全生物降解材料，在降解过程中能够缓释氮磷钾。
The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, and in particular relates to a preparation method of a seedling-raising matrix cube and an application of the seedling-raising matrix cube. The hydrolyzed protein is synthesized by the method of alkali-acid-alkali hydrolyzed protein-urea-formaldehyde block copolymer, and after synthesis, water-soluble fertilizer, foaming agent, common matrix, and curing agent are added to prepare seedling matrix squares. The seedling matrix square prepared by the method of the invention not only improves the porosity, but also can control the content of water and nutrients. At the same time, the foamed modified urea-formaldehyde resin is rich in elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and is also a fully biodegradable material. Can release nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a seedling culture substrate square block and application of the seedling culture substrate square block.
Background
The soilless culture is a culture method of irrigating with nutrient solution after planting without using natural soil or only using a substrate when growing seedlings, can save land, can effectively prevent continuous cropping diseases of soil and physiological obstacles caused by soil salt accumulation due to the fact that the soilless culture can artificially create a good rhizosphere environment, fully meets the requirements of crops on environmental conditions such as mineral nutrition, moisture, gas and the like, and can recycle basic materials for culture, so that the soilless culture has the characteristics of water saving, fertilizer saving, labor saving, high yield, high quality and the like.
The urea-formaldehyde resin foam has the advantages of light weight, good water absorption and retention, rich manufacturing raw materials, low price, simple process and the like, and the current novel soilless culture substrate adopts a urea-formaldehyde resin foam board, and soil and sand are covered on the urea-formaldehyde resin foam board, so that the urea-formaldehyde resin foam board is rich in nitrogen elements, but is lack of phosphorus, potassium, organic matters and trace elements. The matrix is not ideal enough because the lower layer is plate-shaped and has higher consumption on urea resin foam, in addition, nutrient substances are positioned on the upper layer, seedlings take roots on the urea resin foam plate, the nutrient substances are not easy to reach the roots, and the effect is not ideal enough; in addition, the urea resin foam board is not easy to be disposed after use, and the decomposition rate of the urea resin foam board buried in the soil is not ideal enough, so that the urea resin foam board becomes garbage which is difficult to be disposed. And the problems of slow root growth, large mechanical undamaged grabbing difficulty in the transplanting process, field planting and seedling pouring of old seedlings (big plants) and the like exist in the seedling raising period of solanaceous vegetables by the conventional substrate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly provides a preparation method of a seedling culture substrate square block, wherein the prepared substrate square block not only improves the porosity, but also can regulate and control the content of water and nutrients, and is a full-biodegradable material. The technical scheme is as follows:
a preparation method of a seedling substrate cube comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 0.5-1mol/L urea and 0.05-0.1mol/L potassium hydroxide mixed aqueous solution into a protein material serving as a raw material, and stirring for reaction at the temperature of 120-150 ℃ to obtain hydrolyzed protein;
(2) mixing a formaldehyde solution and polyvinyl alcohol, heating and stirring to dissolve the polyvinyl alcohol, and adding hydrolyzed protein into the mixed solution;
(3) regulating the pH value of the solution to 7.5-7.8 by using an alkaline solution, adding urea in two batches, and heating and preserving heat;
(4) adjusting pH of the solution to 4.0-5.0 with acidic solution, performing polycondensation reaction, measuring fog point of the solution with water of 26 deg.C, adjusting pH of the solution to 7.5-7.8 with alkaline solution after the fog point is reached, and cooling the solution;
(5) adding the last batch of urea to react to obtain modified urea-formaldehyde resin;
(6) adding a water soluble fertilizer, a foaming agent, a common matrix and a curing agent into the modified urea-formaldehyde resin, uniformly mixing to obtain a foamed modified urea-formaldehyde resin-matrix composite material, then pouring the foamed modified urea-formaldehyde resin-matrix composite material into a mould, and drying to obtain a hollow seedling culture matrix square, wherein the common matrix is prepared by mixing vermiculite, perlite, turf and an organic fertilizer.
Preferably, the protein substances are one or more of soybean meal, corn protein and livestock, poultry and fish product processing byproducts.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the protein substances to the mixed aqueous solution in the step (1) is 1:10, and the solid content of the hydrolyzed protein is 5-10%.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the formaldehyde solution to the polyvinyl alcohol in the step (2) is 90-100:1, and the mass ratio of the addition amount of the hydrolyzed protein to the formaldehyde solution is 1: 2.7-3.0.
Preferably, the alkaline solution in the step (3) is one or more selected from potassium hydroxide, ammonia water and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the mass ratio of the addition amount of each batch of urea to the addition amount of the formaldehyde solution is 1: 4.5-5.0.
Preferably, the acidic solution in step (4) is one or more selected from phosphoric acid, ammonium chloride, formic acid and oxalic acid.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the adding amount of the urea to the adding amount of the formaldehyde solution in the step (5) is 1:7-7.5, and the reaction time is 20-30 min.
Preferably, in the step (6), the addition amount of the water-soluble fertilizer accounts for 1-3 per mill of the mass of the modified urea-formaldehyde resin, the addition amount of the foaming agent accounts for 1% of the mass of the modified urea-formaldehyde resin, the addition amount of the common matrix accounts for 1-5% of the mass of the modified urea-formaldehyde resin, and the addition amount of the curing agent accounts for 1-2% of the mass of the modified urea-formaldehyde resin.
Preferably, the foaming agent is ammonium bicarbonate, the common matrix is formed by mixing 0.5-1 part by volume of vermiculite, 0.5-1 part by volume of perlite, 1-2 parts by volume of grass carbon and 0.5-1 part by volume of organic fertilizer, and the curing agent is selected from one or more of phosphoric acid, ammonium chloride, formic acid and oxalic acid.
The seedling substrate square block is applied to vegetable seedling, and specifically, a common substrate which is favorable for germination and sold in the market or a substrate which is obtained by mixing perlite, vermiculite and turf according to a ratio of 1:1:2 is placed in a hollow part of the seedling substrate square block, and foamed modified urea resin-substrate composite materials are arranged on the periphery and the bottom of the seedling substrate square block.
By adopting the scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
the modified urea-formaldehyde resin prepared by the method has good adhesive property to materials rich in hydroxyl, and can be used for bonding substrates into blocks; in addition, the modified urea-formaldehyde resin has good foaming performance under the weak acidic condition, and the porosity is improved and the moisture and nutrient contents can be regulated and controlled after foaming; meanwhile, the foam modified urea-formaldehyde resin is rich in elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, is a full-biodegradable material, and can slowly release the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the degradation process.
The middle part of the nutrient customized seedling culture substrate square is a low-nutrient substrate which is favorable for germination, and is favorable for promoting seed imbibition and air permeability, increasing the activity of enzyme, promoting metabolism and improving the germination rate and the germination vigor of seeds. The periphery and the bottom are made of the foamed modified urea-formaldehyde resin-matrix composite material, the porosity is low, the nutrient content is high, and the seedling root system has sufficient nutrient supply and sufficient strength when growing to the periphery. And tidal irrigation is favorable for adjusting the water distribution in the seedling raising blocks and the root growth. The density and nutrient distribution in the seedling raising square blocks are regulated and controlled in time and space, so that the seedling raising square blocks which are suitable for seed germination, root growth promotion and full-automatic transplanting are customized. The substrate block can be applied to seedling raising of solanaceous fruits and can also provide a block-shaped substrate for landscape flowers in three-dimensional shapes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plot of the nutrient release rate of the modified urea formaldehyde resin-matrix composite of example 1.
Detailed Description
The experimental methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the experimental reagents and materials involved are conventional biochemical reagents and materials unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A preparation method of a seedling substrate cube comprises the following steps:
(1) taking 300g of protein substances such as bean pulp and the like as raw materials, adding 3000g of mixed aqueous solution of urea with the final concentration of 0.8mol/L and potassium hydroxide with the final concentration of 0.08mol/L, stirring and reacting for 1h at the temperature of 130 ℃, cooling and discharging to obtain hydrolyzed protein with the solid content of 8%;
(2) heating 7100g of formaldehyde solution and 75g of polyvinyl alcohol to about 50 ℃, stirring until the polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved, and adding 2500g of hydrolyzed protein after the polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved;
(3) then, potassium hydroxide is used for adjusting the pH value of the solution to 7.7, 1500g of first batch of urea is added, the solution is heated to 60 ℃, 1500g of second batch of urea is added, the heating is continued, the temperature rising rate is controlled to be 1-2 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 50min when the temperature reaches 90 ℃;
(4) adjusting pH of the solution to 4.5 with phosphoric acid, performing polycondensation reaction, measuring the fog point of the solution with water of 26 deg.C, adjusting the solution to 7.6 with ammonia water after reaching the fog point, and cooling to 80 deg.C;
(5) adding 1000g of third batch of urea, reacting for 25min, cooling to below 40 ℃, and discharging to obtain modified urea-formaldehyde resin;
(6) adding 2 per mill of water soluble fertilizer, 1% of ammonium bicarbonate, 3% of common matrix and 1% of phosphoric acid into the modified urea-formaldehyde resin, uniformly mixing to obtain a foamed modified urea-formaldehyde resin-matrix composite material, then pouring the foamed modified urea-formaldehyde resin-matrix composite material into a mould, and drying to obtain a hollow seedling culture matrix square block, wherein the common matrix is prepared by mixing 0.7 volume part of vermiculite, 0.5 volume part of perlite, 2 volume parts of turf and 0.8 volume part of organic fertilizer.
The molar ratio of the formaldehyde to the urea added in total is 1.3.
When the seedling substrate square block is used for seedling of vegetables, perlite, vermiculite and turf which are beneficial to germination are placed in the hollow part of the seedling substrate square block, the substrate is obtained by mixing the perlite, the vermiculite and the turf according to the ratio of 1:1:2, and the periphery and the bottom of the seedling substrate square block are made of the foamed modified urea resin-substrate composite material.
Example 2
A preparation method of a seedling substrate cube comprises the following steps:
(1) taking 300g of protein substances such as zein and the like as raw materials, adding 3000g of mixed aqueous solution of urea with the final concentration of 1mol/L and potassium hydroxide with the final concentration of 0.05mol/L, stirring and reacting for 1h at 150 ℃, cooling and discharging to obtain hydrolyzed protein with the solid content of 10%;
(2) heating 7500g of formaldehyde solution and 75g of polyvinyl alcohol to about 50 ℃, stirring until the polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved, and adding 2500g of hydrolyzed protein after the polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved;
(3) then, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used for adjusting the pH value of the solution to 7.8, 1500g of first batch of urea is added, the solution is heated to 60 ℃, 1500g of second batch of urea is added, the heating is continued, the temperature rising rate is controlled to be 1 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 50min when the temperature reaches 90 ℃;
(4) adjusting pH of the solution to 4.0 with ammonium chloride, performing polycondensation reaction, measuring the fog point of the solution with water at 26 deg.C, adjusting the solution to 7.5 with potassium hydroxide, and cooling to 80 deg.C;
(5) adding 1000g of third batch of urea, reacting for 30min, cooling to below 40 ℃, and discharging to obtain modified urea-formaldehyde resin;
(6) adding 1 per mill of water soluble fertilizer, 1% of ammonium bicarbonate, 5% of common matrix and 2% of mixture of formic acid and oxalic acid in any ratio into the modified urea-formaldehyde resin, uniformly mixing to obtain a foamed modified urea-formaldehyde resin-matrix composite material, then pouring the foamed modified urea-formaldehyde resin-matrix composite material into a mould, and drying to prepare a hollow seedling culture matrix square, wherein the common matrix is prepared by mixing 0.5 volume part of vermiculite, 1 volume part of perlite, 1 volume part of turf and 0.5 volume part of organic fertilizer.
The molar ratio of the formaldehyde to the urea added in total is 1.3.
When the seedling substrate square block is used for seedling of vegetables, a commercially available common substrate which is favorable for germination is placed in the hollow part of the seedling substrate square block, and the periphery and the bottom of the seedling substrate square block are made of a foamed modified urea resin-substrate composite material.
Example 3
A preparation method of a seedling substrate cube comprises the following steps:
(1) taking 300g of protein substances such as processing byproducts of products such as livestock, poultry and fish and the like as raw materials, adding 3000g of mixed aqueous solution of urea with the final concentration of 0.5mol/L and potassium hydroxide with the final concentration of 0.1mol/L, stirring and reacting for 1h at the temperature of 120 ℃, cooling and discharging to obtain hydrolyzed protein with the solid content of 5%;
(2) heating 6750g of formaldehyde solution and 75g of polyvinyl alcohol to about 50 ℃, stirring until the polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved, and adding 2500g of hydrolyzed protein after the polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved;
(3) then regulating the pH value of the solution to 7.5 by using a mixed solution of potassium hydroxide and ammonia water, adding 1500g of first batch of urea, heating to 60 ℃, adding 1500g of second batch of urea, continuing heating, controlling the temperature rise rate to be 1.5 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 50min when the temperature reaches 90 ℃;
(4) adjusting pH of the solution to 5.0 with formic acid, performing polycondensation reaction, measuring the fog point of the solution with water of 26 deg.C, adjusting the solution to 7.5 with potassium hydroxide after reaching the fog point, and cooling to 80 deg.C;
(5) adding 900g of third batch of urea, reacting for 20min, cooling to below 40 ℃, and discharging to obtain modified urea-formaldehyde resin;
(6) adding 3 per mill of water soluble fertilizer, 1% of ammonium bicarbonate, 1% of common matrix and 1.5% of phosphoric acid into the modified urea-formaldehyde resin, uniformly mixing to obtain a foamed modified urea-formaldehyde resin-matrix composite material, then pouring the foamed modified urea-formaldehyde resin-matrix composite material into a mould, and drying to obtain a hollow seedling culture matrix square block, wherein the common matrix is prepared by mixing 1 volume part of vermiculite, 0.5 volume part of perlite, 2 volume parts of turf and 0.9 volume part of organic fertilizer.
The molar ratio of the formaldehyde to the urea added in total is 1.3.
When the seedling substrate square block is used for seedling of vegetables, perlite, vermiculite and turf which are beneficial to germination are placed in the hollow part of the seedling substrate square block, the substrate is obtained by mixing the perlite, the vermiculite and the turf according to the ratio of 1:1:2, and the periphery and the bottom of the seedling substrate square block are made of the foamed modified urea resin-substrate composite material.
Example 4
1. Modified urea-formaldehyde resin-matrix composite nutrient release rate detection
The nutrient release rate of the foam modified urea-formaldehyde resin-matrix composite material of example 1 was measured and the results are shown in fig. 1. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the composite material has a high release rate of nitrogen, and is beneficial to seedling culture.
2. Basic performance detection of seedling raising matrix block
The seedling substrate blocks prepared in example 1 were taken and measured for their properties, as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 basic Properties of the seedling substrate cubes
| Porosity of air flow% | Porosity of water holding capacity% | Total porosity% | Compressive strength Mpa |
| 22.5 | 48.3 | 70.8 | 0.2 |
3. Comprehensive index detection of seedling culture matrix block
The seedling substrate cubes prepared in example 1 were used for growing pepper seedlings and compared with a common commercially available substrate, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 comprehensive index of pepper seedlings
Various other modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art based on the above-described technical solutions and concepts, and all such modifications and changes should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of a seedling substrate cube is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) adding a protein substance serving as a raw material into a mixed aqueous solution of 0.5-1mol/L urea and 0.05-0.1mol/L potassium hydroxide, and stirring at the temperature of 120-150 ℃ for reaction to obtain hydrolyzed protein, wherein the mass ratio of the protein substance to the mixed aqueous solution is 1:10, and the solid content of the hydrolyzed protein is 5-10%;
(2) mixing a formaldehyde solution and polyvinyl alcohol, heating and stirring to dissolve the polyvinyl alcohol, and adding hydrolyzed protein into the mixed solution;
(3) regulating the pH value of the solution to 7.5-7.8 by using an alkaline solution, adding urea in two batches, and heating and preserving heat;
(4) adjusting pH of the solution to 4.0-5.0 with acidic solution, performing polycondensation reaction, measuring fog point of the solution with water of 26 deg.C, adjusting pH of the solution to 7.5-7.8 with alkaline solution after the fog point is reached, and cooling the solution;
(5) adding the last batch of urea to react to obtain modified urea-formaldehyde resin;
(6) adding a water soluble fertilizer, a foaming agent, a common matrix and a curing agent into the modified urea-formaldehyde resin, uniformly mixing to obtain a foamed modified urea-formaldehyde resin-matrix composite material, pouring the foamed modified urea-formaldehyde resin-matrix composite material into a mould, and drying to obtain a hollow seedling culture matrix square block, wherein the common matrix is prepared by mixing vermiculite, perlite, turf and an organic fertilizer, the addition amount of the water soluble fertilizer accounts for 1-3 per mill of the mass of the modified urea-formaldehyde resin, the addition amount of the foaming agent accounts for 1-5 percent of the mass of the modified urea-formaldehyde resin, and the addition amount of the curing agent accounts for 1-2 percent of the mass of the modified urea-formaldehyde resin.
2. The method for preparing a seedling substrate cube according to claim 1, characterized in that: the protein substance is one or more of soybean meal, corn protein and livestock, poultry and fish product processing byproducts.
3. The method for preparing a seedling substrate cube according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2), the mass ratio of the formaldehyde solution to the polyvinyl alcohol is 90-100:1, and the mass ratio of the addition amount of the hydrolyzed protein to the formaldehyde solution is 1: 2.7-3.0.
4. The method for preparing a seedling substrate cube according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), the alkaline solution is selected from one or more of potassium hydroxide, ammonia water and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the mass ratio of the addition amount of each batch of urea to the addition amount of the formaldehyde solution is 1: 4.5-5.0.
5. The method for preparing a seedling substrate cube according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (4), the acidic solution is selected from one or more of phosphoric acid, ammonium chloride, formic acid and oxalic acid.
6. The method for preparing a seedling substrate cube according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (5), the mass ratio of the addition amount of the urea to the addition amount of the formaldehyde solution is 1:7-7.5, and the reaction time is 20-30 min.
7. The method for preparing a seedling substrate cube according to claim 1, characterized in that: the foaming agent is ammonium bicarbonate, the common matrix is formed by mixing 0.5-1 part by volume of vermiculite, 0.5-1 part by volume of perlite, 1-2 parts by volume of grass peat and 0.5-1 part by volume of organic fertilizer, and the curing agent is selected from one or more of phosphoric acid, ammonium chloride, formic acid and oxalic acid.
8. The use of a seedling substrate cube prepared by the method of claim 1 for raising vegetables, characterized in that: the hollow part of the seedling culture substrate square is provided with a common substrate which is favorable for germination and sold in the market or a substrate obtained by mixing perlite, vermiculite and turf according to the ratio of 1:1:2, and the periphery and the bottom of the seedling culture substrate square are provided with foamed modified urea-formaldehyde resin-substrate composite materials.
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| CN110692489B (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2021-05-28 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of preparation method and application of fully nutritious degradable straw seedling raising substrate block |
| CN113812309B (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2022-11-01 | 中煤科工重庆设计研究院(集团)有限公司 | A turf cultivation method suitable for rocky slope greening |
| CN116918674A (en) * | 2023-08-14 | 2023-10-24 | 山西农业大学 | Strawberry seedling raising matrix and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101548638A (en) * | 2009-05-12 | 2009-10-07 | 刘兴国 | Super absorbent soil reclamation plant growth substance and preparation method thereof |
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