CN109219450A - 在癌症治疗中用于递送病毒的PI3K P-δ110抑制剂 - Google Patents
在癌症治疗中用于递送病毒的PI3K P-δ110抑制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109219450A CN109219450A CN201780016755.2A CN201780016755A CN109219450A CN 109219450 A CN109219450 A CN 109219450A CN 201780016755 A CN201780016755 A CN 201780016755A CN 109219450 A CN109219450 A CN 109219450A
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Abstract
本发明提供一种组合物,其包含在癌症治疗中单独、依次或同时使用的磷脂酰肌醇3‑激酶(PI3K)抑制剂和经修饰的病毒,其中所述经修饰的病毒用于静脉内给药。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及例如在癌症治疗中,将经修饰的病毒递送至患者的改进的方法。
背景技术
经修饰的病毒是为增强靶向及杀伤癌细胞而已经选择或工程化的病毒。经修饰的病毒可包括有复制能力的病毒、有条件复制能力的病毒、复制缺陷型病毒和减毒病毒。另外,经修饰的病毒还可以提供增加宿主自身抗癌反应所必需的免疫刺激信号。
尽管在微创手术、超分割放射疗法和化学治疗剂的新组合方面中取得了进展,但是具有许多实体瘤类型的患者的存活率仍保持不变。对于常规疗法具有抗性的癌症的治疗,经修饰的病毒是有吸引力的疗法。
经修饰的病毒是递送免疫疗法的优秀平台,这是因为它们特异性地靶向肿瘤细胞,首先,这在产生强烈的免疫应答的另外的病毒危险信号的情况下,导致直接裂解和肿瘤相关抗原的提呈。其次,经修饰的病毒可以工程化为含有在肿瘤微环境中表达的转基因,导致二次免疫调节的抗肿瘤协同作用。最近,FDA已批准携带人GM-CSF的转基因HSV-1病毒T-VEC用于通过瘤内注射来治疗恶性黑色素瘤(Andtbacka,et al.,J Clin Oncol,2015.33(25):p.2780-8)。另一种痘苗株JX594已经在人体内全身递送,并产生可检测量的转基因表达(Breitbach,CJ, et al。,Nature,2011.477(7362):p.99-102),但尚未开发出在全身递送后促进有效感染多个肿瘤部位的策略。
艾代拉里斯(Idelalisib)(5-氟-3-苯基-2-[(1S)-1-(7H-嘌呤-6-基氨基)丙基]-4-(3-H)喹唑啉酮)是磷酸肌醇3-激酶抑制剂;更具体地说,艾代拉里斯阻断P110δ,该P110δ即磷酸肌醇 3-激酶的δ同种型。已通过几次试验来表明艾代拉里斯的最小的毒性并将其用于慢性淋巴细胞性白血病的治疗中(Brown et al J Clin Oncol,2013,supl.Abstract7003);Furman,et al.,N Engl J Med,2014.370(11):p.997-1007);Gopal,et al.,N EnglJ Med,2014.370(11):p.1008-18)。
最近出版的证据表明,p110δ抑制不仅可以对造血恶性肿瘤,而且可以对实体癌症具有功效(Ali et al,Nature,2014.509(7505):p.407-11;Mouchemore et al.FEBS J,2014.280(21):p. 5228-36)。
迄今为止,大多数检查痘苗病毒全身递送的临床前研究都使用携带异种移植肿瘤的裸鼠。然而,这些实验模型不具有免疫活性,并且很明显宿主免疫是经修饰的病毒用于癌症治疗的成功实施的主要屏障。因此需要递送这种载体的改进的方法。
发明内容
本发明提供一种用于增强经修饰的病毒向患者的全身递送的方法。
根据本发明的第一方面,提供一种组合物,其包含在癌症治疗中单独、依次或同时使用的磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)抑制剂和经修饰的病毒,其中所述经修饰的病毒用于静脉内给药。
该组合物可特别用于治疗晚期癌症,例如用于治疗常规疗法失败的患者的实体瘤。
适当地,磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)抑制剂是PI3Kδ抑制剂,例如PI3K催化亚基p110δ的选择性抑制剂。在一种实施方式中,磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)抑制剂的IC50值为约5nM至约0.5μM。
WO2010/0249155根据其中描述的式1(S)和式1(R)以及WO2014/072937根据其中描述的式(I)来描述选择性PI3Kδ抑制剂。WO2010/0249155描述了化合物IC-87114(还参见Sadhu et al J.Immunology,vol.170(5):2647-2654,2003)。
磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)抑制剂可以选自:IC-87114、PI-103、TGX221、A66、AS604850、艾代拉里斯、渥曼青霉素、Alpelisib、布帕尼西(Buparlisib)、库潘尼西(Copanlisib)、Duvelisib、 Rigosertib和Taselisib、或其衍生物、或其药学上可接受的盐,如下表1所示。
表1
本文所述的适当的磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)抑制剂衍生物包括基本上不改变能够作为磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)抑制剂的分子性质的任何取代或修饰。
本文所述的磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)抑制剂的药学上可接受的盐包括与酸形成的任何适当的盐的形式,所述酸例如1-羟基-2-萘甲酸、2,2-二氯乙酸、2-羟基乙磺酸、2-氧代戊二酸、 4-乙酰氨基苯甲酸、4-氨基水杨酸、乙酸、己二酸、抗坏血酸(L)、天冬氨酸(L)、苯磺酸、苯甲酸、樟脑酸(+)、樟脑-10-磺酸(+)、羊蜡酸(癸酸)、羊油酸(己酸)、羊脂酸(辛酸)、碳酸、肉桂酸、柠檬酸、环拉酸、十二烷基硫酸、乙烷-1,2-二磺酸、乙磺酸、甲酸、富马酸、粘酸、龙胆酸、葡庚糖酸(D)、葡萄糖酸(D)、葡萄糖醛酸(D)、谷氨酸、戊二酸、甘油磷酸、乙醇酸、马尿酸、氢溴酸、盐酸、异丁酸、乳酸(DL)、乳糖酸、月桂酸、马来酸、苹果酸(-L)、丙二酸、扁桃酸(DL)、甲磺酸、萘-1,5-二磺酸、萘-2- 磺酸、烟酸、硝酸、油酸、草酸、棕榈酸、帕莫酸、磷酸、丙酸、焦谷氨酸(-L)、水杨酸、癸二酸、硬脂酸、琥珀酸、硫酸、酒石酸(+L)、硫氰酸、甲苯磺酸(p)或十一烯酸。
经修饰的病毒可以是有复制能力的病毒、有条件复制能力的病毒、复制缺陷型病毒或减毒病毒。因此,用于癌症治疗的经修饰的病毒可以描述为溶瘤病毒。
经修饰的病毒可以是痘苗病毒、单纯疱疹病毒、腺病毒、水疱性口炎病毒(VSV)、麻疹病毒、新城疫病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒、呼肠孤病毒、塞内卡病毒(senecavirus)、或致肠细胞病变人孤儿(ECHO)病毒、或其组合。通过缺失某些特定基因(例如通过缺失胸苷激酶)和/或插入编码治疗剂的转基因,可以产生经修饰的病毒。
在一种实施方式中,经修饰的病毒是痘苗病毒(VV)。痘苗病毒是双链DNA病毒,具有使其成为经改进的病毒疗法的有吸引力的候选者的许多特征。痘苗病毒显示出快速复制、有效扩散到肿瘤和强大的溶解能力。另外,已对痘苗病毒进行广泛研究并在分子生物学上明确定义为具有强大的克隆能力和多种市售的天然和合成启动子,这使其成为携带异源核酸序列的载体的理想选择。痘苗病毒的安全性状况得到良好的确定,并且可轻易获得对失控感染的治疗。此外,痘苗病毒还能够耐受实体瘤中的缺氧微环境条件(Hiley et alGene Ther.2010, 17:281–287)。
经修饰的痘苗病毒可选自西储(Western Reserve)株,惠氏(Wyeth)株和李斯特(Lister) 株。适当地,牛痘病毒是这些菌株之一的缺失突变体,例如McCart等人(CancerRES 2001,61; 8751-8757)描述了在胸苷激酶(TK)基因和病毒生长因子(VGF)基因中具有缺失的西储 (WR)株,Hung等人(Gene Therapy,2007,14;20-29)描述了TK缺陷型痘苗李斯特株。通过将异源基因(例如细胞因子编码基因)插入病毒中,可以进一步对经修饰的痘苗病毒进行修饰。
适当地,经修饰的痘苗病毒是病毒基因组中缺失了胸苷激酶基因的缺失突变体。通过将编码治疗剂(例如细胞因子)的一种或多种基因插入病毒基因组中,也可以进一步修饰这些病毒。
经修饰的病毒可以是腺病毒,例如腺病毒-5或单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)(例如HSV-1或HSV-2)。作为HSV-1病毒的经修饰的病毒的实例是病毒构建体talimogene laherparepvec(“T-VEC”),talimogene laherparepvec是经修饰以靶向癌细胞并表达GM-CSF的HSV-1减毒形式(JS1株)。经修饰的腺病毒的实例包括OncorineTM(H101)、Onyx-015TM(Ad2/5d1520) 和enadenotucirev(A11/Ad3嵌合B组腺病毒)。
根据本发明使用的适当的经修饰的痘苗病毒的实例包括但不限于WO 2015/150809(痘苗病毒)和WO 2014/063601(痘苗病毒和5型腺病毒)中描述的病毒株、JX-594(具有GM-CSF 编码基因的胸苷激酶缺失的痘苗病毒)。在一种实施方式中,经修饰的痘苗病毒是痘苗病毒株VVL15。适当地,该痘苗病毒株是胸苷激酶缺失的,并且另外包含一种或多种编码治疗剂的转基因(例如GM-CSF、IL-12和/或IL-21中的一种或多种),任选地可以通过基因插入来缺失或破坏病毒中的另外的病毒基因(基因“敲除”)。例如,可以破坏或灭活病毒生长因子(VGF)和/或NL1基因。
适于通过经修饰的病毒表达的治疗剂的实例包括但不限于细胞因子、趋化因子和生长因子。细胞因子可以是免疫调节剂,例如白细胞介素(例如IL-1、IL-2、IL-3、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、 IL-7、IL-8、IL-9、IL-10、IL-11、IL-12、IL-13、IL-14、IL-15、IL-16、IL-17、IL-18、IL-19、 IL-20、IL-21、IL-22、IL-23、IL-24、IL-25、IL-26、IL-27、IL-28、IL-29、IL-30、IL-31、IL-32、 IL-33、IL-34、IL-35和IL-36)、干扰素(INF-α、INF-β、INF-γ和INF-ω)、肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF)、粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、或检查点抑制剂PD-1、CTLA-4、TIM-3、 LAG-3、BTLA、TIGIT及其各自的配体,例如PD-L1或PD-L2、CD80或CD86。
在一些实施方式中,组合物中可存在多于一种经修饰的病毒。因此,该组合物可包含至少一种经修饰的病毒,例如痘苗病毒和腺病毒。
该组合物可包含药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂。
因此,本发明的这个方面扩展到治疗癌症的方法,该方法包括将包含磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶 (PI3K)抑制剂和经修饰的病毒的组合物给药至有需要的对象的步骤,其中磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)抑制剂和经修饰的病毒单独、依次或同时给药至所述对象,其中所述经修饰的病毒通过静脉内给药。
因此,本发明还提供了磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)抑制剂和经修饰的病毒在制造用于癌症治疗的药物中的用途,其中所述经修饰的病毒通过静脉内给药。
可以通过任何方便的途径来实现对用于癌症治疗的磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)抑制剂和经修饰的病毒的单独、依次或同时给药,由此,用于静脉内给药的经修饰的病毒和PI3K抑制剂通过静脉内、腹膜内、肌内、口服、鼻内或皮下给药。在一种实施方式中,磷脂酰肌醇3- 激酶(PI3K)抑制剂通过口服给药,并经修饰的病毒通过静脉内给药。可以将磷脂酰肌醇3- 激酶(PI3K)抑制剂和经修饰的病毒制备为组合制剂,或制备为单独的组分。
预期本发明可在治疗人类患者中发现最大效用。待治疗的对象可以是哺乳动物,例如人。所述对象可以是啮齿动物(例如大鼠或小鼠)或伴侣动物(例如猫或狗)。所述对象可以是具有农业重要性的物种例如有蹄类物种,即马、牛、猪、山羊或绵羊。
静脉内递送可能是有利的,因为静脉内递送应该能够同时治疗原发性肿瘤和癌细胞的任何转移性沉积物。
本发明的组合物可用于癌症治疗,例如用于治疗肉瘤、癌或淋巴瘤。通过本发明的组合物可以治疗的癌症类型的实例包括但不限于肺癌、肝癌、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、胰腺癌、皮肤癌(黑色素瘤、基底细胞癌或鳞状细胞癌)、胃癌、前列腺癌、骨癌、腺癌、骨肉瘤、卵巢癌、子宫癌、睾丸癌、神经内分泌癌、内分泌癌、胸腺癌、甲状腺癌、肾癌、头颈癌、食道癌、周围及中枢神经系统癌症或脑癌。涉及特定癌症包括涉及由相应组织或器官的癌细胞形成的肿瘤。
肿瘤可以是在治疗前不可切除的而在治疗后可切除的。肿瘤可以是复发性、原发性、转移性和/或多重抗药性肿瘤。肿瘤可以是非恶性肿瘤/增生。
治疗有效量是足以诱导肿瘤裂解(即足以诱导治疗有效剂量的经修饰的病毒(使病毒存活))的剂量。用于递送和给药的剂量可以基于当前现有的方案,使用动物疾病模型或任选地在人临床试验中依经验确定。初始研究剂量可以基于本文所述的动物研究(例如,对于小鼠的研究)。剂量可以变化并取决于治疗是预防性还是治疗性的、治疗所针对的疾病的类型、发作、进展、严重程度、频率、持续时间或可能性,所需的临床终点、既往或同时的治疗、对象的一般健康、年龄、性别、种族或免疫能力以及技术人员将理解的其他因素。根据任何不良副作用、治疗或疗法的并发症或其他风险因素、以及对象的状态的指示,剂量含量、次数、频率或持续时间可以按比例增加或减少。技术人员将理解可能影响提供足以提供治疗或预防益处的含量所需的用量和时间的因素。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,该方法还包括向对象给予另外的癌症疗法。本文所用的癌症疗法是指通过任何医学或物理手段进行的癌症治疗。另外的癌症疗法可以是化学疗法、生物疗法、放射疗法、免疫疗法、激素疗法、抗血管疗法、冷冻疗法、毒素疗法和/或外科手术,包括其组合。因此,本发明的组合物可包含一种或多种抗癌剂或细胞抑制药物。
如本文公开的本发明的方法和用途可在对象被鉴定为具有治疗所靶向的疾病后立即或数天、数月或数年实施。
该方法包括以不同的时间表进行病毒给药。可以将单剂量的病毒在1、2、5、10、15、20 或24小时内给药至对象或肿瘤。可以在1、2、3、4、5、6、7或更多天或数周内进行病毒给药。注射间隔可以是1、2、3、4、5、6、7天或数周。通常,将多个剂量给药至相同的一般靶向区域,例如在肿瘤附近或在静脉内给药的情况下,给药至对象的血流或淋巴系统中的特定进入点。痘苗病毒载体可以给药1、2、3、4、5或更多次。可以以不同的时间表和剂量在切除肿瘤之前给予痘苗病毒载体。
该方法包括以不同的病毒浓度进行病毒给药。在某些方面,以如下的量给药至对象:至少5×107、1×108、2×108、5×108、1×109、2×109、5×109、1×1010、5×1010、1×1011、5×1011、1×1012或更多的病毒颗粒或噬斑形成单位(pfu),包括以上的值之间的各种值和范围。可以以如下的病毒剂量给药:0.1mL、1mL、2mL、3mL、4mL、5mL、6mL、7mL、8mL、9mL、10mL 或更多给药,并包括以上数值之间的所有值和范围。剂量可以随时间推移或通过单独注射来扩散。
本发明公开的组合物和方法可用于不同类型的基因疗法,例如肿瘤抑制基因疗法、自杀基因疗法、病毒载体免疫策略、抗血管生成疗法、促凋亡基因疗法和基因替代疗法。“用于癌症疗法的溶瘤病毒:克服障碍(Oncolytic Viruses for Cancer Therapy:Overcoming the Obstacles)”(Wong et al.Viruses 2010,2,78-106)通过引用整体并入本文。
本发明中公开的组合物和方法可以与另外的癌症治疗的治疗手段或方法组合使用,所述治疗手段或方法例如外科手术、化学疗法、放射疗法、分子癌疗法、或可以用于以与本文所述的本发明核酸不同的基因进行给药的其他基因疗法。
根据本发明的第二方面,提供了一种试剂盒,其包含用于癌症治疗的磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶 (PI3K)抑制剂和经修饰的病毒,适当地还包含使用说明书。
本发明的第二方面和后续方面的优选特征为对第一方面加作出必要的修正。
附图说明
现在将通过参考以下实施例和附图进一步描述本发明,其中:
图1A示出全身性病毒感染显著增加免疫活性小鼠的脾细胞中的p110δ同种型RNA水平。在野生型BALB/c小鼠或BALB/c裸鼠右侧腹部注射1×106个CT26细胞,之后静脉内注射 1×108PFU VVL15或PBS。在尾静脉注射后立即或在三小时后处死每组(裸/PBS、裸/VVL15、免疫活性/PBS和免疫活性/VVL15)中的三只小鼠。通过qPCR定量脾中p110δRNA的量。在3小时时,与所有其他条件相比,用VVL15处理的免疫活性小鼠中p110δRNA显著更多 (P<0.001)。
图1B示出病毒感染使p110δ蛋白的表达增加。将从两只野生型BALB/c小鼠集中的骨髓来源巨噬细胞用75mg kg-1的IC87114或用载体缓冲液预处理2小时,然后以MOI 5感染VVL15或模拟(mock)感染1个小时。通过蛋白质免疫印迹评估p110δ蛋白表达。单独的病毒感染增加了检测到的p110δ蛋白的量,而单独添加IC87114或与VVL15一起添加似乎不会改变检测到的p110δ蛋白的量。
图1C示出p110δ的选择性抑制降低了VVL15对巨噬细胞的吸附。在两个单独的实验中,将从两只野生型(WT)BALB/c小鼠集中的骨髓来源巨噬细胞用IC87114、选择性p110δ抑制剂或载体缓冲液预处理2小时。然后进行病毒吸附测定。随后,在第一个实验中,在用DAPI(蓝色)和微管蛋白(绿色)将细胞染色后,进行共聚焦显微镜检查,痘苗病毒被染成红色(痘苗病毒外壳蛋白抗体)。在IC87114处理组中检测到的痘苗病毒较少。第二个实验通过qPCR来量化存在的VVL15的量。抑制剂处理组与未处理的巨噬细胞在统计学上具有显著差异(P<0.001)。
图1D显示IC87114以p110δ依赖性的方式影响病毒吸附。将从两只野生型BALB/c小鼠或四只敲入p110δ的转基因小鼠(杂合敲入[n=2],纯合敲入[n=2])集中的骨髓来源的巨噬细胞离体培养,然后对转基因巨噬细胞进行病毒吸附测定,而将野生型巨噬细胞用IC87114 或载体缓冲液预处理2小时,然后进行病毒吸附测定。敲入杂合子和纯合子δ的转基因鼠的巨噬细胞均表现出与用IC87114处理的野生型巨噬细胞相似的病毒附着的降低,所有组均与未处理的野生型巨噬细胞在统计学上具有显著差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。
图2A示出在全身痘苗病毒注射之前,用IC87114预处理增强了携带CT26侧腹肿瘤的BALB/c小鼠中的肿瘤发光信号。携带CT26侧腹肿瘤的11只BALB/c小鼠在静脉内注射1×108 PFU VVL15的3小时前接受75mg kg-1IC87714或载体缓冲液。通过IVIS确定VVL15的生物分布。在第1、3、4和5天,从用75mg kg-1IC87114预处理的组中检测到显著更多的信号(第1天P<0.01,第3、4和5天P<0.05)。这些是三次实验的组合结果。
图2B和图2C示出用口服IC87114和静脉内痘苗病毒处理显著降低肿瘤负荷并改善携带原位4T1肿瘤或CT26侧腹肿瘤的BALB/c小鼠的存活率。
图2B示出携带CT26肿瘤的BALB/c小鼠。将1×106个CT26肿瘤细胞皮下注射到40只小鼠的已剃毛的右侧腹部。在小鼠接受1×108PFU VVL15(A和D组)或PBS(B和C组) 静脉内注射的3小时前,将用载体缓冲液(A和C组)或用50mg kg-1的IC87114(B和D 组)通过口服灌胃对小鼠进行预处理。在肿瘤植入后第8天进行该处理,并在第11和13天重复。与其他所有组相比,用IC87114预处理的组的肿瘤负荷显著减少。具体地,在第11天和第13天,比较D组与A组(P<0.001)。在第11天和第13天,比较D组与B组(P<0.001)。在第11天,比较D组与C组(P<0.001)。存活分析;数据在Kaplan-Meier图中表示。与所有其他组相比,用IC87114预处理的小鼠(D组)的存活明显更长。具体地,比较D组与A 组(P<0.01)。比较D组与B组(P<0.01)。比较D组与C组(P<0.05)。
图2C示出携带原位4T1肿瘤的BALB/c小鼠。将50μlPBS中的1×105个4T1细胞原位注射到36只BALB/c雌性小鼠的左下胸乳腺中。在小鼠接受1×108PFU VVL15(A和D组) 或PBS(B和C组)静脉内注射的3小时前,用载体缓冲液(A和C组)或用75mg kg-1的 IC87114(B和D组)通过口服灌胃对小鼠进行预处理。在肿瘤植入后第12、15和17天进行该处理。与其他所有组相比,用IC87114预处理的组的肿瘤负荷显著减少。具体地,在第16 天和第19天,比较D组与A组(分别为P<0.05和P<0.001)。在第16天和第19天,比较 D组与B组(P<0.001)。在第16、19和21天,比较D组与C组(P<0.001)。存活分析;数据在Kaplan-Meier图中表示。与所有其他组相比,用IC87114预处理的小鼠(D组)的存活时间明显更长。具体地,比较D组与A组(P<0.05)。比较D组与B组(P<0.01)。比较D组与C组(P<0.01)。
图2D示出用IC87114预处理减少了体内全身递送VVL15后痘苗病毒对脾的定位。
图2D(i)和图2D(ii)示出对痘苗病毒外壳蛋白免疫组织化学染色的苏木精染色的脾切片的显微照片。箭头标记病毒感染的细胞:(i)用载体缓冲液预处理;以及(ii)用IC87114 预处理。图2D(iii)示出在×200放大倍数的随机选择的高倍视野中对强染色细胞的半定量。在每个随机×200放大倍数视野中对与痘苗病毒外壳蛋白具有免疫反应性的细胞数目手动计数。各组之间在统计学上存在显著差异(P<0.001)。
图2E示出IC87114减弱抗病毒免疫,但对抗肿瘤免疫没有作用。对来自携带CT26肿瘤的BALB/c小鼠的脾细胞进行干扰素γ测定。将1×106个CT26肿瘤细胞皮下注射到15只小鼠已剃毛的右侧腹部。在小鼠接受1×108PFU VVL15(A和D组)或PBS(B和C组)静脉内注射的3小时前,载体缓冲液(A和C组)或用75mg kg-1的IC87114(B和D组)通过口服灌胃对小鼠进行预处理。进行干扰素(IFN)γELISA。抗肿瘤免疫:用丝裂霉素处理的 CT26细胞刺激脾细胞,任何组之间在统计学上没有显著差异。抗病毒免疫:用B8R蛋白刺激脾细胞,与所有其他组相比,在A组(无抑制剂+VVL15)中检测到更多的IFNγ(P<0.05)。
具体实施方式
实施例仅出于说明的目的而呈现,不应解释为对本发明的限制。
方法
细胞系
除了巨噬细胞是在含有10%FCS、28.6μMβ-巯基乙醇(βMCE)和1%链霉素/青霉素的洛斯维帕克纪念研究所培养基(Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium,RPMI)中培养之外,所有细胞系均在含有5%至10%胎牛血清(FCS)的杜氏改良伊格尔培养基(Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium,DMEM)中培养。鼠大肠癌细胞株CMT93和CT26,以及乳腺癌细胞系4T1 均从英国癌症研究细胞库获得。非洲绿猴正常肾细胞系CV1从美国典型培养物保藏中心 (ATCC,VA,USA)获得。来自p110δ敲入小鼠的骨髓来源的巨噬细胞由Vanhaesebroeck教授(伦敦大学学院,UK)馈赠。除非另有说明,对细胞系进行支原体的常规测试和保持在 37℃下5%CO2中。所有实验都使用相似的传代数。通过离心使细胞成团,并将细胞团块重悬于含有10%二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和10%FBS的DMEM中,以用于长期储存。在-80℃下过夜储存后,将细胞转移至液氮中。
试剂
Merck提供PI-103(PI3激酶α同种型抑制剂)和TGX221(PI3激酶β同种型抑制剂)以及泛1类抑制剂渥曼青霉素。Tocris Bioscience提供Rac1抑制剂NSC23766、细胞松弛素D(肌动蛋白聚合抑制剂)、Y-27632(Rho相关蛋白激酶抑制剂)和诺考达唑(微管聚合抑制剂)。Santa Cruz Biotechnology提供1a类选择性PI3激酶α抑制剂A66。Sigma-Aldrich提供AS 604850,AS 604850是选择性1b类PI3激酶γ同种型抑制剂。最初Symansis提供IC87114,IC87114为选择性1a类p110δ同种型抑制剂,后来从2012年3月开始,IC87114改为从Synkinase获得。使用的浓度如下:PI-103为80nM,TGX221为0.1μM,渥曼青霉素为5μM,NSC23766为50μM,A66为5μM,细胞松弛素D为10μM,Y-27632为10μM,诺考达唑为 10μM,以及AS 604850为1μM。除非另有说明,否则所有体外测定使用浓度为1μM的 IC87114。蛋白质免疫印迹抗体是来自Santa Cruz Biotechnologies的抗p110δ(sc-7176),以及来自Sigma-Aldrich的抗黏着斑蛋白(V9131)和抗肌动蛋白(SAB2500963)。用于免疫组织化学实验的痘苗病毒抗体是由AbD Serotec提供的兔抗痘苗病毒多克隆抗体,批号为 250906,并且其以1:400稀释使用。MAC缓冲液是磷酸盐缓冲盐水Dulbecco+2mM EDTA+ 0.1%牛血清白蛋白(BSA)。链霉蛋白酶由Roche Applied Science提供(目录号10165921001),并以1mg ml-1溶解于磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)中。MTS(3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-5-(3-羧基甲氧基苯基)-2-(4-磺基苯基)-2H-四唑鎓)和PMS(吩嗪硫酸甲酯)由Promega提供。T细胞培养基(TCM)是RPMI-1640、10%FCS、1%链霉素、1%青霉素和1%丙酮酸钠。体内IC87114 以75mg kg-1通过口服灌胃使用。重组小鼠巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(M-CSF)由R&D Systems 提供,目录号为415-ML,其以30ng ml-1的浓度使用。D-荧光素由Caliper Life Sciences提供 (批号:124358465),并以15mg ml-1使用。通过向PBS中添加0.25%吐温-20和0.5%羧甲基纤维素制备用作对照或用于溶解IC87114的载体缓冲液。
病毒
VVL15由Istvan Fodor教授(罗马琳达大学校区,Loma Linda,CA,USA)馈赠。VVL15通过将萤火虫荧光素酶和lacZ报告基因插入到在早期痘苗病毒p7.5启动子控制下的VVLister 的胸苷激酶区中来构建。
实施例1:在裸鼠和免疫活性小鼠模型中通过经修饰的病毒感染肿瘤细胞
图1A示出在3小时时,与所有其他条件相比,用VVL15处理的免疫活性小鼠中p110δRNA显著更多(P<0.001)。这意味着在来自免疫活性小鼠的脾细胞中存在病毒诱导的p110δRNA上调,而在裸鼠的脾细胞中则不存在,这为模型之间差异提供了进一步线索,并且至少合理地加强脾巨噬细胞在VVL15清除中发挥核心作用的观点。图1B表明,与模拟处理相比,在用病毒处理的免疫活性小鼠巨噬细胞中,p110δRNA的这种上调被转化为蛋白质表达。图1C示出IC87114(选择性抑制剂)对p110δ的抑制显著降低了VVL15对巨噬细胞的吸附。
虽然IC87114被认为是非常有特异性的,但是它必定会阻碍其他激酶(Camps etal.,Nat Med,2005.11(9):p.936-43)。因此,需要确认所观察到的VVL15吸附的减少实际上是由于 IC87114阻断p110δ活性。因此,在吸附测定中使用来自转基因p110δ敲入(这是“激酶-死亡”失活突变)的骨髓来源的巨噬细胞。图1D示出与用杂合子和纯合子转基因巨噬细胞相比, VVL15对用IC87114处理的野生型巨噬细胞的吸附类似地显著降低(分别为P<0.01或P <0.05)。这些数据表明,在用IC87114处理的野生型巨噬细胞中所见的吸附减少是由于选择性p110δ抑制。因此,合理表明p110δ参与病毒与巨噬细胞结合的过程。有趣的是,杂合子和纯合子p110δ敲入巨噬细胞之间吸附的减少没有差异,这意味着在一定水平的δ阻断后, VVL15以p110δ非依赖性方式吸附至细胞。
在本实施例中,决定使用75mg kg-1作为IC87714的剂量。决定在VVL15全身递送前3小时以该剂量给药。该时间基于图1C中所示的体外数据,该数据显示在用IC87114孵育3 小时后病毒与巨噬细胞的吸附减少,并且在大鼠中进行的药代动力学研究证明口服给药IC87114后达到最大血浆浓度的时间是4小时。图2A示出与对照相比,75mg kg-1的剂量产生始终较高的肿瘤发光。口服给药IC87714,然后静脉内注射VVL15。
实施例2:功效研究
随后,将这种抑制剂和病毒的组合用于不同鼠模型的两项功效研究中(图2B和2C),其中一种已被优化为可靠的原位转移模型,这反映了该治疗的可能的临床应用。这些研究表明,IC87114增强了体内全身递送的VVL15的抗肿瘤功效,从而赋予了减轻的肿瘤负荷和存活优势。D组小鼠(IC87114+VVL15,图2B和2C)的肿瘤大小最终开始增加,并且小鼠死亡,但VVL15是胸苷激酶缺失的病毒,远远不如其他可用的携带有免疫调节转基因的经修饰的痘苗病毒。
图2E说明对来自携带CT26肿瘤的BALB/c小鼠的脾细胞进行的离体干扰素γ测定。这证明来自用优化方案处理的小鼠的脾细胞发展出与所有其他测试组类似的抗肿瘤IFNγ反应。然而,与仅用病毒处理的组的脾细胞相比,来自IC87114+VVL15组的脾细胞在用病毒蛋白 B8R刺激后确实具有降低的IFNγ水平。因此,用IC87114进行预处理似乎在一定程度上减少了抗病毒应答的后续发展。这可能意味着除了IC87114在早期时间点对巨噬细胞产生的作用之外,IC87114还具有单独的更持久的作用,这导致抗病毒免疫力降低并建立有效的肿瘤感染,导致观察到与单独的病毒相比改善的功效。
Claims (8)
1.一种组合物,其包含磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)抑制剂和经修饰的病毒,所述磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)抑制剂和经修饰的病毒在癌症治疗中单独、依次或同时使用,其中,所述经修饰的病毒用于静脉内给药。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)抑制剂选自:IC-87114、PI-103、TGX221、A66、AS 604850、艾代拉里斯、渥曼青霉素、Alpelisib、布帕尼西、库潘尼西、Duvelisib、Rigosertib、以及Taselisib、或其衍生物、或其药学上可接受的盐。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述经修饰的病毒选自痘苗病毒、单纯疱疹病毒、腺病毒、水疱性口炎病毒(VSV)、麻疹病毒、新城疫病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒、呼肠孤病毒、塞内卡病毒、或致肠细胞病变人孤儿(ECHO)病毒、或其组合。
4.如权利要求3所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物包含痘苗病毒和腺病毒。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物还包含另外的抗癌剂或细胞抑制药物。
6.一种治疗癌症的方法,所述方法包括将包含磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)抑制剂和经修饰的病毒的组合物给药至有需要的对象的步骤,其中,所述磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)抑制剂和经修饰的病毒单独、依次或同时给药至对象,其中,所述经修饰的病毒通过静脉内给药。
7.磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)抑制剂和经修饰的病毒在制造用于治疗癌症的药物中的用途,其中,所述经修饰的病毒用于静脉内给药。
8.一种试剂盒,其包含用于治疗癌症的磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)抑制剂和经修饰的病毒,任选地包含使用说明书。
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