CN109212421A - A kind of detection method of high voltage battery pack system total voltage and insulation resistance - Google Patents
A kind of detection method of high voltage battery pack system total voltage and insulation resistance Download PDFInfo
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/25—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using digital measurement techniques
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
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Abstract
The invention discloses the detection methods of a kind of high voltage battery pack system total voltage and insulation resistance, including the resistor voltage divider network being made of resistance R1-R4, the high-voltage switch gear network of kp and kn composition, the positive and negative two paths of signals processing circuit that OP1 ~ OP6, R5 ~ R14, C1 ~ C2 are constituted.Wherein the OP1 in signal processing and OP2 constitutes two-way voltage follower, OP3, capacitor C1, resistance R5 constitute high-pass filter, OP5 and resistance R7 ~ R10 constitutes difference amplifier, OP4, capacitor C2, resistance R6 constitute high-pass filter, OP6 and resistance R11 ~ R14 constitutes difference amplifier, realizes good filter effect by subtracting high frequency section in positive and negative two paths of signals.Present invention employs efficient signal processing method and calculation methods, it solves the problems, such as that conventional method cost is excessively high, detection algorithm is single, poor anti jamming capability, computational accuracy is poor, is unable to cope with various drain conditions, while avoiding the insulation performance for destroying system in detection process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of voltage and resistor detection methods, particularly, are related to a kind of high voltage battery pack system total voltage
With the detection method of insulation resistance, belong to battery technology field.
Background technique
In electric car and large-scale energy-storage battery group system, voltage is often very high, generally several hectovolts, and high-voltage safety is anti-
Shield is an important project of high voltage battery pack system.Under normal condition, battery system positive and negative busbar and car body (or equipment
Shell) there is good insulation performance, but in use, the problems such as due to vibration, device aging, humidity, corrosion
Insulation breakdown is caused, it is possible that electric leakage, influences the personal safety of passenger or operator.So in such high-tension battery group
In system, the insulation performance of real-time detecting system is necessary.After detecting system insulation failure, phase should be taken
The measure answered prevents passenger or operating personnel's electric shock.According to Domestic Correlative Standard, battery system positive and negative busbar and the earth (car body)
Between insulation resistance should be not less than 100 Europe/volt.
Existing high voltage battery pack system electrical leakage detecting method have signal injection method, current sensor method, accessory power supply method,
Balanced bridge method etc., these methods are often due to cost is excessively high, detection algorithm is single, precision is poor, poor anti jamming capability, nothing
Meeting in the various situations (such as: unilateral electric leakage, bilateral electric leakage, unilateral near short circuit etc.) of method reply electric leakage, the detection process having
System insulation performance etc. is destroyed, can not thoroughly be solved the problems, such as.
High voltage battery pack system (high-pressure side) is often to be isolated with battery management system (low-pressure side), existing total voltage
Detection method generally uses analog isolation and number two kinds of detection modes of isolation.Analog isolation generally use linear optical coupling or every
From amplifier, signal processing, AD sampling are carried out in low-pressure side；Number isolation generally require high-pressure side place a single-chip microcontroller or
Person A-D converter ADC reuses digital isolator part (optocoupler, magnetic coupling etc.) transmission digital signal.In both methods, high pressure
The power supply of lateral circuit element is needed using isolated power supply module due to that cannot use on high-tension side power supply on high-tension side circuit elements
Part power supply.Both methods is due to having used the devices such as signal isolation device, isolated power supply module, so that structure is complicated, cost
Also relatively high, reliability is also unable to get guarantee.
In high voltage battery pack system, especially on-vehicle battery group system, the equipment such as inverter, electric machine controller work
When, high pressure can be detected and cause very big interference.Especially when insulation resistance detects, insulation resistance detection signal is extremely faint,
It is highly susceptible to interfere.In addition in conventional algorithm, the deviation of AD sampling very little will result in tens kilo-ohms of insulation resistance very
To up to a hundred kilo-ohms of error.In some detection systems, high-frequency noise is filtered out using the methods of low-pass filter, digital averaging,
Often it is unable to reach good effect.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides the inspections of total voltage and insulation resistance in a kind of high voltage battery pack system
Survey method, circuit of the invention mainly consist of three parts: the detection resistor voltage divider network being made of resistance R1, R2, R3, R4,
Switch Kp, Kn, signal processing circuit OP1, OP2, OP3, OP4, OP5, OP6, C1 ~ C2, R5 ~ R14.In addition, Rp, Rn are to be measured exhausted
Edge resistance, BT1 are high-tension battery group, and Earth is the earth or car body.
Resistance R1 and resistance R2 is the detection divider resistance between positive electrode bus and the earth (car body), resistance R1 and resistance R2
One end of series connection, resistance R1 is connected to positive electrode bus, a termination the earth (car body) of resistance R2 by switch Kp；Likewise, electric
The detection divider resistance that R3 and resistance R4 is negative electrode bus and the earth (car body) is hindered, resistance R3 connects with resistance R4, resistance R4's
One termination the earth (car body), one end of resistance R3 is connected to negative electrode bus by switch Kn.Switch Kp and switch Kn press off for height
It closes, for controlling the connection of positive and negative busbar and the earth (car body), by the control of external microcontroller.
Signal processing circuit OP1, OP2, OP3, OP4, OP5, OP6, C1 ~ C2, R5 ~ R14 constitute two paths of signals processing circuit,
Wherein, signal processing circuit OP1, OP3, OP5 constitutes positive signal processing circuit, and signal processing circuit OP2, OP4, OP6 are constituted
Negative signal processing circuit.The non-inverting input terminal of signal processing circuit OP1 is connect with resistance R1 and resistance R2, reverse input end with
Output connection, constitutes a voltage follower, helps to improve the input impedance of detection circuit, reduces error.Signal processing electricity
Road OP3, capacitor C1, resistance R5 constitute a high-pass filter, extract high frequency section；Signal processing circuit OP5 and resistance R7,
R8, R9, R10 constitute a difference amplifier, subtract High-frequency Interference.Equally, the non-inverting input terminal of signal processing circuit OP2 and electricity
R3, R4 connection are hindered, inverting input terminal connect with output end, constitutes a voltage follower, help to improve the defeated of detection circuit
Enter impedance, reduces error.Signal processing circuit OP4, capacitor C2, resistance R6 constitute a high-pass filter, extract high frequency section；
Signal processing circuit OP6 and resistance R11, R12, R13, R14 constitute a difference amplifier, subtract High-frequency Interference.
Further, the specific detection process and algorithm principle of this programme are as follows:
1.Kp, Kn are closed at, and single-chip microcontroller is to V1And V2It samples, and calculates Vp, Vn, then total voltage are as follows:
V=Vp+Vn(is wherein: the total voltage that V Kp, Kn are closed at, positive electrode bus and the earth when Vp Kp, Kn are closed at
Voltage between (car body), voltage when Vn Kp, Kn are closed between negative electrode bus and the earth (car body))；
2.Kp closure, Kn are disconnected, at this time V2Output is 0, and single-chip microcontroller is to V1It is sampled, calculates Vp ', Vp '=V-Vn '
(wherein: voltage when Vp ' is Kp closure, Kn disconnection between positive electrode bus and the earth (car body), when Vn ' disconnects for Kp closure, Kn
Voltage between negative electrode bus and the earth (car body))；
3.Kp is disconnected, Kn closure, at this time V1Output is 0, and single-chip microcontroller is to V2It is sampled, calculates Vn ", Vn "=V-Vp "
(wherein: voltage when Vp " is Kp disconnection, Kn closure between positive electrode bus and the earth (car body), when Vn " is that Kp is disconnected, Kn is closed
Voltage between negative electrode bus and the earth (car body))；
Further, Vp, Vn under three different conditions are obtained according to above-mentioned three kinds of switch states.According to following algorithm
Principle can calculate Rp, Rn, under normal circumstances, can obtain Rp, Rn according to following algorithm principle.
1, according to formula 1, Rn is obtained:
Formula 1
2, according to formula 2, Rp is obtained:
Formula 2
Still further, if when differing greatly according to the both sides insulation resistance that formula 1 and formula 2 are calculated, then press
The insulation resistance on the smaller one side of resistance is calculated according to following algorithm:
Assuming that Rp > > Rn, then can be obtained according to formula 3 and calculate more accurate Rn value than the first step.
Formula 3
Similarly, if Rn > > Rp, Rp value can be obtained according to formula 4.
Formula 4
In actual use, since the electric current in detection resistance only has microampere order even lower, belong to small-signal, so
It is highly susceptible to external differential mode, common mode interference, it is huge on testing result influence, especially in on-vehicle battery group system, inversion
Device and the interference of electric machine controller bring high frequency common mode, can not often be filtered out clean using general low-pass filter.For this purpose,
In the present invention, signal processing circuit uses a kind of special filtering method.This method is simple, can thoroughly filter out substantially known
The High-frequency Interference of frequency range.
In view of interference signal is typically all relatively high frequency, for example, the interference of electric machine controller bring for 10 ~
20kHz, and the signal of detection of electrical leakage is substantially direct current signal, interference signal and measured signal frequency phase-difference are bigger, so
Following methods can be used to be filtered:
1, voltage follower (OP1, OP2) is used first, obtains raw voltage signals Vori.
2, original signal (Vori) inner high-frequency signal is extracted using high-pass filter (OP3, OP4), removes direct current component,
Obtain AC signal Vac；
, again with difference amplifier (OP5, OP6) with original signal (Vori) subtract high-frequency signal (Vac), it can filter out
High frequency section in original signal, substantially available very flat direct current signal, only a little since phase delay produces
Raw burr signal, this burr signal can be filtered easily using RC filter.
Since the resistor network of insulation measurement and the resistor network of operational amplifier have matching error, so first
First separate calibrations are carried out to the gain on both sides.
Switch Kp, Kn in foregoing circuit should also may be selected two using smaller, the pressure-resistant switch greater than 3000V that leaks electricity
High-voltage MOS pipe series connection.
Resistor network R1, R2, R3, R4 described in foregoing circuit preferentially use Low Drift Temperature, high voltage, high value, high-precision
The resistance of degree.
The operational amplifier of signal processing described in foregoing circuit should preferentially use low input offset voltage, low defeated
Enter the high speed operation amplifier of bias current, and resistor network preferentially selects Low Drift Temperature, high-precision resistance.
Beneficial effect
Present invention employs the framework of simple low cost, advanced algorithm, innovation signal processing method, realize in real time
The total voltage of battery pack system, positive and negative busbar are detected to the insulation resistance of the earth (car body), and strong antijamming capability, in various evils
Under bad electromagnetic environment especially vehicle environment and in the case where various unilateral electric leakages, bilateral electric leakage, unilateral near short circuit,
It has still ensured that good precision, can effectively improve the safety of high voltage battery pack system.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing 1 is circuit structure diagram of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is as electric car BMS(battery management system) in a standalone module, pass through CAN bus and BMS
Main control module communication, the insulation performance of real-time detecting system, and reported by CAN bus to master control, it is broken once insulation occurs
Bad situation, master control take appropriate measures in time, and relevant movement includes: cutting contactor, sound-light alarm etc..
Insulation monitoring module includes following components: battery pack positive and negative busbar (B+, B-), high-voltage switch gear (Kp, Kn), electricity
Hinder network (R1, R2, R3, R4), signal processing circuit (OP1, OP2, OP3, OP4, OP5, OP6), the earth (car body).Rp and Rn points
It is not the insulation resistance between positive and negative busbar and the earth (car body).By external microcontroller control and AD sampling, and always by scene
Line is transmitted to main control unit.
In the present embodiment, battery pack system nominal voltage is 288V, up to 330V, minimum 180V, is pressed in design
It is designed according to the grade of 400V.
In module Kp be positive it is high compress switch, for control positive electrode bus and the earth (car body) between on-off；Kn is negative
It is high to compress switch, for controlling the on-off between negative electrode bus and the earth (car body)；Kp and Kn has selected the panasonic model to be
The PhotoMOS of AQV258, pressure resistance are 1500V.
R1, R2 in resistor network constitute the resistor voltage divider network of anode, consider that system cannot be destroyed in detection process
Insulation performance, while considering that voltage is relatively high in battery pack system, resistance is pressure-resistant and PCB creepage distance requirement, R1 selects four
510K, 1% resistance series connection, R2 using 20K, 1% resistance.
Similarly, R3 and R4 constitutes the resistor voltage divider network of cathode, and R3 selects the resistance series connection of four 510K, 1%, and R4 is adopted
With 20K, 1% resistance.Intrinsic standoff ratio is 205:1 in this way, and the maximum voltage of operational amplifier input is 1.95V.
The operational amplifier of signal processing circuit portion point selects the high-speed computation of low input offset voltage, Low-bias Current to put
Big device, in the present embodiment, high speed operation amplifier select model AD8629；Wherein the resistors match of high-pass filter can
It is combined using the RC of 0.1uF and 1K, cutoff frequency 4K.The differential amplification gain of OP5 and OP6 be 2 times, resistance use 10K, 1%
And 20K, 1% combination.
In the present embodiment, the single-chip microcontroller of control and sampling uses automotive grade high reliability single-chip microcontroller, and ADC is 12, benchmark
Source is 4.096V.
Specific detection process and algorithm are as follows:
, Kp, Kn be closed at, single-chip microcontroller is to V1And V2It samples, and calculates Vp, Vn, then total voltage are as follows:
V=Vp+Vn(is wherein: the total voltage that V Kp, Kn are closed at, positive electrode bus and the earth when Vp Kp, Kn are closed at
Voltage between (car body), voltage when Vn Kp, Kn are closed between negative electrode bus and the earth (car body))；
2, Kp is closed, and Kn is disconnected, at this time V2Output is 0, and single-chip microcontroller is to V1It is sampled, calculates Vp ', Vn '=V '-Vp '
(wherein: V ' is Kp closure, and total voltage when Kn is disconnected, Vp ' is Kp closure, positive electrode bus and the earth (car body) when Kn is disconnected
Between voltage, Vn ' is Kp closure, negative electrode bus when Kn is disconnected and the voltage greatly between (car body))；
3, Kp is disconnected, Kn closure, at this time V1Output is 0, and single-chip microcontroller is to V2It is sampled, calculates Vn ", Vp "=V "-Vn "
(wherein: V " is Kp disconnection, and total voltage when Kn is closed, Vp " is Kp disconnection, positive electrode bus and the earth (car body) when Kn is closed
Between voltage, Vn " is that Kp is disconnected, negative electrode bus when Kn is closed and the voltage greatly between (car body))；
Further, Vp, Vn under three different conditions are obtained according to above-mentioned three kinds of switch states.According to following algorithm
Principle can calculate Rp, Rn.Under normal circumstances, Rp, Rn can be obtained according to following algorithm principle.
1, according to formula 1, Rn is obtained:
Formula 1
2, according to formula 2, Rp is obtained:
Formula 2
Still further, if when differing greatly according to the both sides insulation resistance that formula 1 and formula 2 are calculated, then press
The insulation resistance on the smaller one side of resistance is calculated according to following algorithm:
Assuming that Rp > > Rn, then can be obtained according to formula 3 and calculate more accurate Rn value than the first step.Similarly, if Rn > >
Then Rp value can be obtained according to formula 4 in Rp.
Formula 3
Formula 4
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, all utilizations
Equivalent structure or equivalent flow shift made by description of the invention and accompanying drawing content is applied directly or indirectly in other correlations
Technical field, be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the total voltage and insulating resistor detecting circuit of a kind of high voltage battery pack system, which is characterized in that including by resistance R1 ~ R4
The resistor voltage divider network of composition, high-voltage switch gear Kp, Kn, signal processing circuit OP1 ~ OP6, R5 ~ R14, C1 ~ C2, insulated electro to be measured
Rp, Rn are hindered, high-tension battery group BT1, the resistance R1 and R2 are that the detection between positive electrode bus and the earth (car body) divides electricity
Resistance, one end of resistance R1 are connected with R2, and the other end is connected in positive electrode bus by switch Kp, and one end of resistance R2 and R1 go here and there
Connection, another termination the earth (car body), the resistance R3 and R4 are that the detection between negative electrode bus and the earth (car body) divides electricity
Resistance, one end of resistance R3 are connected with R4, and the other end is connected to negative electrode bus by switch Kp, and one end of resistance R4 is connected with R3,
Another termination the earth (car body), the signal processing circuit OP1 ~ OP6 constitute two paths of signals processing circuit, wherein signal processing
Circuit OP1, OP3, OP5 constitute positive signal processing circuit, and signal processing circuit OP2, OP4, OP6 constitute negative signal processing electricity
The non-inverting input terminal on road, signal processing circuit OP1 is connect with resistance R1 and R2, and reverse input end and output connect, and constitutes one
Voltage follower, signal processing circuit OP3, capacitor C1, resistance R5 constitute a high-pass filter, signal processing circuit OP5 with
Resistance R7 ~ R10 constitutes a difference amplifier, and the non-inverting input terminal of signal processing circuit OP2 is connect with resistance R3 and R4, reverse phase
Input terminal is connect with output end, constitutes a voltage follower, and signal processing circuit OP4, capacitor C2, resistance R6 constitute a height
Bandpass filter, signal processing circuit OP6 and resistance R11 ~ R14 constitute a difference amplifier.
2. the detection circuit of high voltage battery pack system total voltage and insulation resistance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Switch Kp and Kn are high-voltage switch gears, are connect for controlling high-tension battery group positive and negative anodes by partial pressure detection resistance and greatly (car body)
It is logical, and by the control of external microcontroller.
3. a kind of total voltage detection method of detection circuit as described in claim 1, single when switch Kp, Kn are closed at
Piece machine is to V1And V2Sampling, calculates Vp, Vn, then total voltage V=Vp+Vn, and wherein Vp is the positive electrode bus that Kp, Kn are closed at
With the voltage between the earth (car body), the voltage between negative electrode bus and the earth (car body) that Vn Kp, Kn are closed at.
4. a kind of insulation resistance detection method of detection circuit as described in claim 1,
(1) when switch Kp, Kn are closed at, single-chip microcontroller is to V1And V2Sampling, calculates Vp, Vn, then total voltage V=Vp+Vn,
Wherein Vp is voltage when Kp, Kn are closed between positive electrode bus and the earth (car body), cathode when Vn Kp, Kn are closed at
Voltage between bus and the earth (car body),
(2) when Kp is closed, and Kn is disconnected, V2Output is 0, and single-chip microcontroller is to V1It is sampled, calculates Vp ', Vp '=V-Vn ', wherein
The voltage between positive electrode bus and the earth (car body) when Vp ' is Kp closure, Kn disconnection, bearing when Vn ' disconnects for Kp closure, Kn
Voltage between pole bus and the earth (car body),
(3) when Kp is disconnected, and Kn is closed, V1Output is 0, and single-chip microcontroller is to V2It is sampled, calculates Vn ", Vn "=V-Vp ", wherein
The voltage between positive electrode bus and the earth (car body) when Vp " is Kp disconnection, Kn closure, Vn " are negative when Kp is disconnected, Kn is closed
Voltage between pole bus and the earth (car body).
5. a kind of insulation resistance of detection circuit as described in claim 1 calculates method,
(1) insulation resistance Rn value is obtained according to formula 1,
(formula 1)
(2) insulation resistance Rp value is obtained according to formula 2,
(formula 2).
6. insulation resistance according to claim 5 calculates method,
If when Rp > > Rn, obtaining Rn value according to formula 3,(formula 3),
If when Rn > > Rp, obtaining Rp value according to formula 4,(formula 4).
7. a kind of signal processing method of detection circuit described in claim 1, including voltage follower (OP1, OP2), high pass
Filter (OP3, OP4, several resistance capacitances), difference amplifier (OP5, OP6, several resistance).Pass through voltage follower first
Lossless acquisition original signal, high-pass filter extract high-frequency signal therein, so that original signal is subtracted height using difference amplifier
Frequency signal obtains effective signal.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109884534A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-06-14 | 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 | Power battery pack parameter detection method and detection device |
| CN110095651A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-08-06 | 奇瑞新能源汽车技术有限公司 | A kind of online insulating resistor detecting circuit of power battery |
| CN110228395A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-09-13 | 上海蔚来汽车有限公司 | Two-supply circuit system |
| CN110346643A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-10-18 | 安徽贵博新能科技有限公司 | A kind of battery insulation resistance detecting circuit and detection method |
| WO2020177639A1 (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2020-09-10 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Insulation detection circuit and detection method, and battery management system |
| CN112345902A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-02-09 | 一巨自动化装备（上海）有限公司 | Insulation detection circuit for realizing voltage balance |
| CN112379174A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-02-19 | 贵州航天风华实业有限公司 | Circuit for detecting resistance and drain voltage of same-line |
| CN115078813A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-09-20 | 东方电气集团科学技术研究院有限公司 | Circuit and method for detecting insulation resistance and total pressure of energy storage BMS |
| CN118759257A (en) * | 2024-06-07 | 2024-10-11 | 小米汽车科技有限公司 | Insulation impedance detection method, circuit, device, controller and vehicle |
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