CN109211189A - A kind of real-time level measurement method of tunnel vault - Google Patents
A kind of real-time level measurement method of tunnel vault Download PDFInfo
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- CN109211189A CN109211189A CN201810955238.8A CN201810955238A CN109211189A CN 109211189 A CN109211189 A CN 109211189A CN 201810955238 A CN201810955238 A CN 201810955238A CN 109211189 A CN109211189 A CN 109211189A
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- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of real-time level measurement methods of tunnel vault, belong to tunnel monitoring measurement technical field, the present invention passes through settlement measurement unit T2, reference measurement unit T3, adopt control station, the devices such as temperature/humidity sensor, connection cables, reflector and TT&C software measure, it is converted again by function and measures the sinking for obtaining vault indirectly, the absolute altitude value for combining relative elevation value to obtain each section vault measuring point is imported by altitude datum, is eliminated automatically by the difference that the difference h1-h2 of relative elevation completes systematic error under many factors.The present invention realizes high-precision, non-contact, multibreak face, one-stop automation real-time online measuring.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tunnel monitoring measurement technical field, in particular to the real-time level measurement side of a kind of tunnel vault
Method.
Background technique
In constructing tunnel, need dynamic to country rock, earth's surface, the deformation of supporting construction and stable state and surrounding enviroment
State carries out regular observation and measurement.To ensure the long-time stability of construction safety and structure, effective guiding construction avoids ground
The generation of matter disaster and construction accident, accumulation metric data provide foundation for informationization designing and construction.Railway tunnel monitoring parameter
Survey technology regulation (Q/CR 9218-2015) 4.1.4 item regulation: monitoring measurement work should carry out in time with working procedure, and measuring point is answered
It is embedded in time, primary data is read after supporting in 2 hours, and monitoring project and content should be adjusted in time according to field condition.Together
When, the technical regulation also clear stipulaties one of the required test item of the vault sinking formula monitoring measurement in tunnel is surveyed in practice of construction
In amount, technical staff obtains the opposite sinking of measuring point by monitoring the absolute altitude variation of tunnel vault measuring point.
Current vault level measurement mode, contact measurement method mostly uses greatly precision level and indium steel hangs ruler, non-
Contact type measurement, generallys use total station progress, and the data of measurement report work tube hub daily.All in all, existing measuring instrument
Device equipment and measurement method are difficult to solve the problems, such as following: first is that in-site measurement needs the operation of very complicated or installed
Journey, time-consuming and laborious, measurement timeliness is poor, and there are no On-line sampling system is realized, which results in monitoring data especially to excavate
The shortage of data at initial stage is more serious；Second is that measurement model setting is fairly simple, without the deformation of detailed analysis tunnel itself complexity
The qualifications of the factors such as state and practice of construction operating condition；Third is that the overall work amount of measurement is big, for each measuring point, usually need
To continue one week of monitoring or the longer time continues to monitor and seeking time is wanted to be even more than the several months for some strong heights；Fourth is that
Because the contingency and randomness of manual operation and installation process are more, easily there is human error, it is difficult to meet the measurement in regulation
Required precision；Fifth is that measurement is interfered with each other with construction, both sides' job schedule is influenced, especially anchor is being sprayed, is slagging tap or oversize vehicle
It is measured when discrepancy, or even insecurity factor can be carried out directly to the work belt of monitoring survey crew.
Therefore, the research of the measurement method of constructing tunnel monitoring measurement and measuring instrument equipment is still to need very much,
The some novel monitorings occurred at present measure means and instrument and equipment such as: Chinese Patent Application No. CN201621260511.8 is disclosed
A kind of utility model patent of tunnel arch top settlement measurement, the invention is using infrared distance measuring device and data collector to vault
Opposite to sink to measuring, which needs range unit to be embedded in the midpoint of tunnel cross section straight flange, which can not be right
The absolute altitude of vault measuring point measures；Chinese Patent Application No. CN201510626712.9 discloses a kind of raising opposite side survey
The patent of invention of tunnel arch top settlement precision is measured, which measures method using total station opposite side, based on live tunnel arch top settlement
Actual conditions are measured, by selecting reasonable backsight point and total station installation position, improve measurement accuracy, the program is still base
In total station survey mode, it is poor and mutually dry with construction can not still to solve aforementioned operation very complicated, measurement timeliness
The problems such as disturbing；Chinese Patent Application No. CN201310259298.3 discloses the measurement of a kind of tunnel convergence displacement and Vault settlement
Device and measurement method, the invention receive vault sinking and headroom based on 2 laser range finders and complicated geometric transformation formula
It holds back and measures, the measurement model of the program is limited to the alignment device (datum mark) where measuring device in measurement process
In be it is static, level measurement require every time using precision level cooperate carry out, the program still without solve work as tunnel
Itself there are problems that deformation causes measurement and real-time level measurement problem under datum mark situation of movement.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of real-time level measurement methods of tunnel vault, to facilitate skill
Art personnel are accurate, in real time, efficiently carry out the in-site measurement work of constructing tunnel.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:
A kind of real-time level measurement method of tunnel vault, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: according to an existing datum mark (or control point) in tunnel, the absolute altitude of the datum mark is set as hjz,
The real-time absolute altitude of tunnel vault for needing to measure in turn is H, and H is vault measured point and the height being introduced between the datum mark in tunnel
It is poor to spend；In installation water tank T1, the settlement measurement unit T2 and reference measurement unit T3 that tunnel inner wall successively consolidates from top to down, really
It is retained case T1 and is in a high position, settlement measurement unit T2 is in middle position, and reference measurement unit T3 is in low level, and is mounted on stable position
Set place (after two linings in tunnel wall)；Reflector is installed in tunnel vault measured point position；
Step 2: the difference in height h where horizontal plane where measuring reference measurement unit T3 and datum mark between horizontal plane0,
Step 3: the reference measurement unit T3 uses hydrostatic level, and horizontal plane and benchmark are surveyed where measurement water tank T1
The relative elevation h of horizontal plane where measuring unit T31；
Step 4: being provided with settlement measurement unit T2, the settlement measurement unit includes laser range finder and static level
The relative elevation h of horizontal plane where instrument, horizontal plane where measurement water tank T1 and settlement measurement unit T22；
Step 5: the height between horizontal plane where calculating vault measured point and the place settlement measurement unit T2 horizontal plane
Spend difference h3；Calculation method are as follows: h3=R*sin θ, in formula, R is the settlement measurement unit T2 that laser range finder measures and vault is tested
The distance between point, θ are the survey line elevation angle of laser measuring apparatus；
Step 6: calculating vault measured point absolute altitude H, H=h0+h1-h2+h3+hjz。
Further, further include step 7: the absolute altitude variation by monitoring tunnel vault measured point calculates vault measured point
Opposite sinking, that is, the vault measured point absolute altitude for setting former and later two moment is respectively H1, H2, then the sinking of vault measured point
It is H2-H1.
It further, further include step 8: using identical water tank T1 and same datum measuring unit T3 as reference, in tunnel
At the vault measured point that need to be measured, identical settlement measurement unit T2 is set, and then can measure tunnel many places vault quilt simultaneously
Measuring point absolute altitude.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: realizing high-precision, non-contact, one-stop automation in fact
When on-line measurement.The system can be extended to multiple section vault sinkings while carry out real-time online measuring, it is only necessary to which it is heavy to increase
Measuring unit is dropped, manual measurement and importing that technical staff carries out datum mark to each section is not needed, realizes
The elimination of bring measurement error when tunnel inner wall is sunk or deformed.What it is because of importing is based on water where water tank T1
The difference of plane settlement measurement unit and reference measurement unit realizes and disappears to liquid level variation bring measurement error in water tank
It removes.Multiple sections can be extended to while carrying out real-time online measuring, all measurements of Pattern completion promoted by loopy moving
Task does not need manual measurement and importing that technical staff carries out datum mark to each section.Equipment is all installed on tunnel
Road inner wall not will lead to interacting for measurement and construction.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the real-time level measurement schematic diagram of tunnel vault of the present invention；Wherein, T1 is water tank, and T2 is settlement measurement list
Member, T3 are reference measurement unit, 1- Vault settlement tested point, plane where 2- tested point, 3- laser survey line, 4- settlement measurement list
Plane where first, plane where 5- water tank, plane where 6- reference measurement unit benchmark measuring unit, 7- datum mark place are flat
Face, 8- is introduced into the datum mark in tunnel, and (absolute altitude is set as hjz), the 9- laser survey line elevation angle.
Fig. 2 is vault sinking measuring principle figure in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is multibreak face vault absolute altitude while measuring principle figure in the present invention；Wherein, T1 is water tank, and T2 is settlement measurement
Unit, T3 are reference measurement unit, 1- Vault settlement tested point, plane where 2- tested point, 3- laser survey line, 4- settlement measurement
Plane where unit, plane where 5- water tank, plane where 6- reference measurement unit benchmark measuring unit, 7- datum mark place are flat
Face, 8- are introduced into the datum mark in tunnel.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, the installation water tank T1, settlement measurement unit T2 and the benchmark that are successively consolidated from top to down in tunnel inner wall
Measuring unit T3, it is ensured that water tank T1 is higher than rear the two, and settlement measurement unit T2 is higher than the latter, pacifies in tunnel vault measured point position
Anti-loaded tabula rasa.It first adjusts the adjustable foot prop below each settlement measurement unit T2 pedestal while observing the horizontality on pedestal
It shows bubble, completes the WidFin of measuring device, then adjust the laser transmitting-receiving module of measuring device, so that measurement laser is penetrated
Reflector on tunnel vault measuring point, it is then fixed locked by regulation locking device, water is connected with special measurement communicating pipe
Quick plug on case T1, reference measurement unit T3 and settlement measurement unit T2 pedestal.
If it is intended to multiple sections while monitoring measurement, then successively install sedimentation in the vault measured point of each tunnel inner wall
Measuring unit T2, the height of installation may not necessarily strict conformance, as shown in figure 3, and being installed in corresponding each vault measured point
Reflector and aforementioned basic measuring unit T3, water tank T1 constitute a measurement group, adjust each laser transmitting-receiving module, so that
Each measurement laser is beaten to corresponding reflector, and the quick of all settlement measurement units is connected with dedicated communicating pipe with cable
Plug.After receiving measurement instruction, the measured value of sensor, laser transmitting-receiving are highly slightly variable in each measured point settlement measurement unit T2
The parameters such as the altitude datum measured value of the elevation value of module, the distance measure of laser survey line and the measurement group, which are sent to, adopts
The data acquisition module for controlling station is adopted control station preservation after collected all data processings and is uploaded to by radio receiving transmitting module
Central server or hand-held mobile terminal.Measurement staff can directly operate at the scene adopts control station, can also pass through center
Server or hand-held mobile terminal send observing and controlling instruction at any time, check measurement data, change measure setup, to realize to each
The long-term real-time online measuring of measuring point.
If certain section completes measurement task, the settlement measurement unit T2 of section movement can be installed to next
A monitoring measurement section connects dedicated communicating pipe and measurement cable, and other equipment of the measurement group can remain unchanged, thus logical
All measurement tasks of Pattern completion of loopy moving propulsion are crossed, operation and installation process is simple, does not need to each section frequency
Numerous measurement for carrying out datum grade imports.
The measuring principle of vault sinking is as shown in Fig. 2, can obtain it relative to vault measuring point by settlement measurement unit
Real-time range, without loss of generality, if it is R that the initial position of vault, which is respective distances between b, with measuring device, under vault
Position after heavy is b`, and corresponding distance is R`, and the elevation angle of laser survey line is θ, then there is following geometrical relationship:
Sin θ=(b '-b)/(R-R ')
So the value b-b ' of vault sinking can be indicated are as follows:
B '-b=(R-R) × sin θ
If at this time plane where settlement measurement unit also settled or other reasons caused by height change, from
Initial position a sinks to position a`, then the measured value of vault sinking can indicate are as follows:
Vault sinking measured value=[(R-R ') × sin θ]-(a '-a)
Wherein, the changing value (a '-a) of level where settlement measurement unit T2 can be slightly variable by the height in device
Sensor measurement obtains.
The invention also includes the difference of height error to eliminate automatically.Because the measured value of vault sinking includes settlement measurement list
The changing value (a '-a) of level where first, so, when tunnel inner wall is deformed or is settled；When liquid in water tank
When volatilizing because of long-term work or minor leakage occur and reduce；When measuring system installation is moved to different section measuring point；
Or some other extraneous factor, all error can be brought to measuring system, so that true absolute altitude value H can not be obtained.
As shown in figures 1 and 3, by reference measurement unit T3, datum mark can be completed, this measuring system is led
Enter, to complete the real-time measurement of vault measuring point absolute altitude value, and combines height and be slightly variable sensor, pass through the difference of relative elevation
(h1-h2) complete height error, the automatic elimination of the factors bring systematic error such as water tank level variation and installation point variation.
The measurement method to realize the present invention, the device for needing to be related to include: settlement measurement unit T2, and benchmark is surveyed
Unit T3 is measured, control station, temperature/humidity sensor, accessory (connection cables, reflector etc.) and TT&C software are adopted.
Settlement measurement unit T2 by laser transmitting-receiving measurement module, data processing module, highly be slightly variable sensor, inclination angle sense
The compositions such as device, regulation locking device, fast plug, horizontality display device, adjustable foot prop, wherein being highly slightly variable sensing
Device is monitored to complete the height value of settlement measurement unit, and elevation synchro of the obliquity sensor to complete laser survey line is adjusted
Locking device is aimed at and is locked to complete the fine tuning of laser transmitting-receiving measurement module, and fast plug is fast to staff scene
Victory connection measurement cable, is adjusted fine tuning of the foot prop to measuring device pedestal horizontality.
Reference measurement unit T3 is to complete importing of this measuring system to datum mark, to complete vault measuring point mark
The real-time monitoring of high level, and combine height and be slightly variable the factors such as complex deformation occurs in sensor completion tunnel inner wall, installation point updates
The automatic elimination of bring systematic error.
Adopt control station by data acquisition module, signal processing module, data memory module, selftest module, radio receiving transmitting module,
Power module, aobvious control screen, operation panel composition, wherein radio receiving transmitting module is completed to adopt control by modes such as WiFi/GPRS/ bluetooths
It stands and the functions such as the communication of host computer, data upload, power module is that entire measuring system is powered so that the system is not outer
Can also work independently in the case where connecing power supply, display screen and operation panel check to completion status, measure setup, system from
The functions such as inspection.
TT&C software is mounted on central server and hand held mobile terminals, can remotely complete all surveys by software
Amount, data summarization, graph generate and the operations such as display control.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of real-time level measurement method of tunnel vault, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: according to an existing datum mark in tunnel, the absolute altitude of the datum mark is set as hjz, and then the tunnel for needing to measure
Vault real-time absolute altitude in road is H, and H is vault measured point and the difference in height being introduced between the datum mark in tunnel；In tunnel inner wall
Installation water tank T1, the settlement measurement unit T2 and reference measurement unit T3 successively consolidated from top to down, it is ensured that water tank T1 is in height
Position, settlement measurement unit T2 are in middle position, and reference measurement unit T3 is in low level；It is installed in tunnel vault measured point position reflective
Plate；
Step 2: the difference in height h where horizontal plane where measuring reference measurement unit T3 and datum mark between horizontal plane0,
Step 3: the reference measurement unit T3 uses hydrostatic level, horizontal plane and reference measurement list where measurement water tank T1
The relative elevation h of horizontal plane where first T31；
Step 4: being provided with settlement measurement unit T2, the settlement measurement unit includes laser range finder and hydrostatic level, is surveyed
The relative elevation h of horizontal plane where measuring water tank T1 and the place settlement measurement unit T2 horizontal plane2；
Step 5: the difference in height between horizontal plane where calculating vault measured point and the place settlement measurement unit T2 horizontal plane
h3；Calculation method are as follows: h3=R*sin θ, in formula, R be the settlement measurement unit T2 that laser range finder measures and vault measured point it
Between distance, θ be laser measuring apparatus the survey line elevation angle；
Step 6: calculating vault measured point absolute altitude H, H=h0+h1-h2+h3+hjz。
2. a kind of real-time level measurement method of tunnel vault as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include step 7:
Absolute altitude variation by monitoring tunnel vault measured point calculates the opposite sinking of vault measured point, that is, sets former and later two moment
Vault measured point absolute altitude be respectively H1, H2, then the sinking of vault measured point is H2-H1.
3. a kind of real-time level measurement method of tunnel vault as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include step 8:
Using identical water tank T1 and same datum measuring unit T3 as reference, at the vault measured point that tunnel need to measure, it is arranged identical
Settlement measurement unit T2, and then tunnel many places vault measured point absolute altitude can be measured simultaneously.
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| CN201810955238.8A CN109211189A (en) | 2018-08-21 | 2018-08-21 | A kind of real-time level measurement method of tunnel vault |
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| CN201810955238.8A CN109211189A (en) | 2018-08-21 | 2018-08-21 | A kind of real-time level measurement method of tunnel vault |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111649720A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-09-11 | 中铁二院贵阳勘察设计研究院有限责任公司 | A monitoring device and method for the settlement of a working base point of a large-slope tunnel |
| CN116989187A (en) * | 2023-09-04 | 2023-11-03 | 中国矿业大学 | Pipeline elevation adjusting device and early warning method |
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| CN103335596A (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2013-10-02 | 同济大学 | Tunnel convergence displacement and arch crown settlement measuring device and measuring method |
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| CN204115717U (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2015-01-21 | 中建三局集团有限公司 | One is multi-measuring point relative settlement automated watch-keeping facility on a large scale |
| KR20160047087A (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2016-05-02 | 주식회사 만도 | Apparatus for esimating tunnel height and method thereof |
| CN108387210A (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2018-08-10 | 山东大学 | A kind of monitoring system and method for measuring tunnel vault sedimentation in real time |
| CN110345906A (en) * | 2018-04-07 | 2019-10-18 | 张亚标 | The real-time level measurement method and measuring device of tunnel arch top settlement |
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2018
- 2018-08-21 CN CN201810955238.8A patent/CN109211189A/en not_active Withdrawn
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103335596A (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2013-10-02 | 同济大学 | Tunnel convergence displacement and arch crown settlement measuring device and measuring method |
| CN104019795A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-09-03 | 盈亨科技(上海)有限公司 | Railway settlement monitoring system and online monitoring method |
| CN204115717U (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2015-01-21 | 中建三局集团有限公司 | One is multi-measuring point relative settlement automated watch-keeping facility on a large scale |
| KR20160047087A (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2016-05-02 | 주식회사 만도 | Apparatus for esimating tunnel height and method thereof |
| CN108387210A (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2018-08-10 | 山东大学 | A kind of monitoring system and method for measuring tunnel vault sedimentation in real time |
| CN110345906A (en) * | 2018-04-07 | 2019-10-18 | 张亚标 | The real-time level measurement method and measuring device of tunnel arch top settlement |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111649720A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-09-11 | 中铁二院贵阳勘察设计研究院有限责任公司 | A monitoring device and method for the settlement of a working base point of a large-slope tunnel |
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Application publication date: 20190115 |