CN109202192A - Fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters preferred method and system - Google Patents
Fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters preferred method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109202192A CN109202192A CN201811291758.XA CN201811291758A CN109202192A CN 109202192 A CN109202192 A CN 109202192A CN 201811291758 A CN201811291758 A CN 201811291758A CN 109202192 A CN109202192 A CN 109202192A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H1/00—Electrical discharge machining, i.e. removing metal with a series of rapidly recurring electrical discharges between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of a fluid dielectric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种微细电火花伺服扫描加工参数优选方法及系统，其中，该方法包括：获取放电能量，根据最大放电间隙、最小放电间隙、工具电极进退系统响应延迟时间、工具电极轴向损耗速度的参数值获取伺服控制放电间隙的开路状态工具电极回退速度和短路状态工具电极进退速度的理论上限值；以工具电极端部侧向损耗最小及加工精度优化为优化目标，根据开路状态工具电极回退速度和上述参数获取出伺服扫描速度的理论下限值；或者以三维伺服扫描加工精度和效率综合优精化为优化目标，获取上述理论下限值。该方法可避免微细电火花伺服扫描加工中极间短路或电极碰撞的不利情况，有利于减少微细工具电极端部损耗，提高正常放电率、加工效率和加工精度。
The invention discloses a method and system for optimizing micro-EDM servo scanning machining parameters, wherein the method includes: obtaining discharge energy, according to the maximum discharge gap, the minimum discharge gap, the response delay time of the tool electrode advance and retreat system, and the tool electrode axial loss The parameter value of the speed obtains the theoretical limit of the tool electrode retraction speed in the open-circuit state and the tool electrode advance and retraction speed in the short-circuit state of the servo-controlled discharge gap; the optimization goal is to minimize the lateral loss of the tool electrode end and optimize the machining accuracy, according to the open-circuit state The tool electrode retraction speed and the above parameters are used to obtain the theoretical lower limit of the servo scanning speed; The method can avoid the unfavorable situation of inter-electrode short circuit or electrode collision in the micro-EDM servo scanning processing, is beneficial to reduce the end wear of the micro-tool electrode, and improve the normal discharge rate, processing efficiency and processing accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to micro-NTM technical field, in particular to a kind of fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters
Preferred method and system.
Background technique
Three-dimensional fine electric spark scanning (or milling) processing technology can realize microflute, micro- three-dimensional pocket machining.It uses letter
Single rod shape tool-electrode demixing scan, contactless electro-discharge machining mode, using CAD (Computer
Aided Design, CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (Computer Aided Manufacturing, CAM) advanced technology into
Row complicated track, free form surface scanning machining, and have and do not limited by the metallic alloy workpieces strength of materials, hardness and rigidity
Advantage.But fine electric spark scanning machining has tool-electrode axially loss serious problems, due to micro tool electrode cross section
Product is smaller relative to the scanned removal area of workpiece material, to guarantee fine electric spark scanning machining process can continue into
Row then needs the loss of real-time online compensation tool-electrode.Electrode damage can be generated due to discharging every time in frequent discharge process all
Consumption, it is contemplated that the complexity and randomness of discharge process, intermittent or Empirical Mode pattern method be difficult to ensure compensation real-time and
The adaptability of transition is lost, moment micron very small (~5 μm of magnitudes) especially for micro EDM discharging gap
Discharging gap can be caused to become undesirable if grade export license cannot compensate in time, this will be substantially reduced effective discharge rate.
In the related art, tiny discharge gap SERVO CONTROL effect directly affects the reality of discharge rate and compensation for electrode wear
Shi Xing, with tool-electrode compared with the perforation of the one-dimensional feeding of workpiece forms Servo Control for Discharge Gap, 3-D scanning processing
It is to update and arrange although being conducive to working fluid relative to SERVO CONTROL processing gap in the movement of workpiece 3-D scanning in tool-electrode
Bits, but the influence factor of scanning motion is increased, so that processing Servo Control for Discharge Gap process is increasingly complex.It sends out in the related art
There are conjunction coupling relationships for the function and effect of the multi-parameters to process such as existing discharging gap SERVO CONTROL, scanning speed.For
Multi-parameter selection is determined by the experiment of a large amount of trial and error and experience, lacks the selecting party of quantitative evaluation criterion and efficiently and accurately
Method causes often occur the electrode destruction processing that frequently short-circuit rollback, deficient processing, tool-electrode and workpiece collide in processing surely
Qualitative and machining accuracy phenomenon or even tool-electrode are hit curved sever.With electrode axially one-dimensional feeding in perforation forming
The scanning motion of micro-electrode axial rigidity relatively big difference, micro-electrode and workpiece Contact can be produced in the bottom end of slender electrode
Raw torque, so that elongated micro tool electrode is more flexible or fractures.Therefore, Unsatisfactory parameters will cause process to stablize
Property it is poor, or even processing failure serious problems.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to solve at least some of the technical problems in related technologies.
For this purpose, an object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters preferred method,
This method can avoid intereelectrode short-circuit or the rough sledding of electrode collision in fine electric spark servo scanning processing, advantageously reduce micro-
Fine workmanship has electrode tip loss, improves regular picture rate, processing efficiency and machining accuracy.
It is another object of the present invention to propose a kind of fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters optimum decision system.
In order to achieve the above objectives, one aspect of the present invention embodiment proposes a kind of fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters
Preferred method, method includes the following steps: obtaining discharge energy, and according to maximum discharging gap, minimum discharging gap, tool
Electrode advance and retreat system response delay time, tool-electrode axial direction loss rate parameter value obtain SERVO CONTROL discharging gap and open
The theoretical upper limit value of line state tool-electrode rollback speed and short-circuit condition tool-electrode advance and retreat speed；By tool-electrode end side
It is used as optimization aim to loss minimum and machining accuracy optimization, is swept according to the open-circuit condition tool-electrode rollback speed, servo
Retouch process factor, the maximum discharging gap, the tool-electrode advance and retreat system response delay time obtain out servo scanning speed
The theory lower bound value of degree；Or using three-dimensional servo scanning machining precision and efficiency complex optimum as the optimization aim, according to
The maximum discharging gap and the servo scanning process coefficient obtain the theory lower bound value of servo scanning speed.
The fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters preferred method of the embodiment of the present invention, by calculating available three-dimensional
Open-circuit condition tool-electrode rollback speed v in fine electric spark servo scanning processing technologyf, short-circuit condition tool-electrode feeding speed
Spend vb, servo scanning speed vsParameter preferred scope, can be improved the preferred efficiency of parameter, be conducive to optimize three-dimensional fine electrical fire
Flower servo scanning machining technical process.
In addition, fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters preferred method according to the above embodiment of the present invention can also have
There is following additional technical characteristic:
It further, in one embodiment of the invention, is the 0.80-0.99 of the theoretical upper limit value using preferred value
Times, 1.01-1.20 times that the theory lower bound value is taken as using preferred value.
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, the open-circuit condition tool electricity of the SERVO CONTROL discharging gap
The theoretical upper limit value of pole rollback speed and short-circuit condition tool-electrode advance and retreat speed are as follows:
Wherein, vfFor open-circuit condition tool-electrode rollback speed, vbFor short-circuit condition tool-electrode feed speed, ΔmaxFor
Maximum discharging gap, ΔminFor minimum discharging gap, twFor the response time of tool-electrode advance and retreat system, veFor tool electricity
Pole is in axial loss rate.
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, it is described with the tool-electrode end be laterally lost it is minimum and
Machining accuracy is optimized for target, the theory lower bound value of the servo scanning speed are as follows:
Wherein, vsFor servo scanning speed, ksFor servo scanning process coefficient；
Servo scanning process coefficient ksAre as follows:
ks=vs·hT
Wherein, hTFor single layer working depth.
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, described comprehensive with three-dimensional servo scanning machining precision and efficiency
When optimization is as target, the theory lower bound value of the servo scanning speed are as follows:
In order to achieve the above objectives, another aspect of the present invention embodiment proposes a kind of fine electric spark servo scanning processing ginseng
Number optimum decision system, comprising: the first computing module, for obtaining discharge energy, and according between maximum discharging gap, minimum electric discharge
Gap, the parameter value acquisition SERVO CONTROL electric discharge of tool-electrode advance and retreat system response delay time, tool-electrode axial direction loss rate
The open-circuit condition tool-electrode rollback speed in gap and the theoretical upper limit value of short-circuit condition tool-electrode advance and retreat speed；Second calculates
Module, for tool-electrode end to be laterally lost to the optimization of minimum and machining accuracy as optimization aim, according to the open circuit shape
State tool-electrode rollback speed, servo scanning process coefficient, the maximum discharging gap, tool-electrode advance and retreat system response
Delay time obtains out the theory lower bound value of servo scanning speed；Third computing module, for three-dimensional servo scanning machining is smart
Degree and efficiency complex optimum are obtained as the optimization aim according to the maximum discharging gap and the servo scanning process coefficient
Take the theory lower bound value of servo scanning speed.
The fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters optimum decision system of the embodiment of the present invention, by calculating available three-dimensional
Open-circuit condition tool-electrode rollback speed v in fine electric spark servo scanning processing technologyf, short-circuit condition tool-electrode feeding speed
Spend vb, servo scanning speed vsParameter preferred scope, can be improved the preferred efficiency of parameter, be conducive to optimize three-dimensional fine electrical fire
Flower servo scanning machining technical process.
In addition, fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters optimum decision system according to the above embodiment of the present invention can also have
There is following additional technical characteristic:
It further, in one embodiment of the invention, is the 0.80-0.99 of the theoretical upper limit value using preferred value
Times, 1.01-1.20 times that the theory lower bound value is taken as using preferred value.
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, the open-circuit condition tool electricity of the SERVO CONTROL discharging gap
The theoretical upper limit value of pole rollback speed and short-circuit condition tool-electrode advance and retreat speed are as follows:
Wherein, vfFor open-circuit condition tool-electrode rollback speed, vbFor short-circuit condition tool-electrode feed speed, ΔmaxFor
Maximum discharging gap, ΔminFor minimum discharging gap, twFor the response time of tool-electrode advance and retreat system, veFor tool electricity
Pole is in axial loss rate.
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, it is described with the tool-electrode end be laterally lost it is minimum and
Machining accuracy is optimized for target, the theory lower bound value of the servo scanning speed are as follows:
Wherein, vsFor servo scanning speed, ksFor servo scanning process coefficient；
Servo scanning process coefficient ksAre as follows:
ks=vs·hT
Wherein, hTFor single layer working depth.
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, described comprehensive with three-dimensional servo scanning machining precision and efficiency
When optimization is as target, the theory lower bound value of the servo scanning speed are as follows:
The additional aspect of the present invention and advantage will be set forth in part in the description, and will partially become from the following description
Obviously, or practice through the invention is recognized.
Detailed description of the invention
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect and advantage of the invention will become from the following description of the accompanying drawings of embodiments
Obviously and it is readily appreciated that, in which:
Fig. 1 is the fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters preferred method flow chart according to one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the threshold threshold value method of servo-controlling flow chart according to the processing gap of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the system response delay time t according to one embodiment of the inventionwInfluence processing Servo Control for Discharge Gap process
Figure；
Fig. 4 is the fortune that SERVO CONTROL tool-electrode is influenced according to the system response delay time tw of one embodiment of the invention
Dynamic rail mark situation map；
Fig. 5 is the processing Servo Control for Discharge Gap parameter and scanning speed parameter matching effect according to one embodiment of the invention
Figure；
Fig. 6 is to carry out fine electric spark servo scanning using preferred parameter according to one embodiment of the invention to process example
Figure；
Fig. 7 is the fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters optimum decision system structural representation according to one embodiment of the invention
Figure.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described below in detail, examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein from beginning to end
Same or similar label indicates same or similar element or element with the same or similar functions.Below with reference to attached
The embodiment of figure description is exemplary, it is intended to is used to explain the present invention, and is not considered as limiting the invention.
The fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters for describing to propose according to embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings are preferred
Method and system describe the fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters proposed according to embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings first
Preferred method.
Fig. 1 is the fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters preferred method flow chart of one embodiment of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters preferred method the following steps are included:
In step s101, obtain discharge energy, and according to maximum discharging gap, minimum discharging gap, tool-electrode into
Move back the system response delay time, tool-electrode axial direction loss rate parameter value obtain SERVO CONTROL discharging gap open-circuit condition
The theoretical upper limit value of tool-electrode rollback speed and short-circuit condition tool-electrode advance and retreat speed is theoretical upper limit value using preferred value
0.80-0.99 times.
Wherein, the open-circuit condition tool-electrode rollback speed of SERVO CONTROL discharging gap and short-circuit condition tool-electrode are retreated
The theoretical upper limit value of speed are as follows:
Wherein, vfFor open-circuit condition tool-electrode rollback speed, vbFor short-circuit condition tool-electrode feed speed, ΔmaxFor
Maximum discharging gap, ΔminFor minimum discharging gap, twFor the response time of tool-electrode advance and retreat system, veFor tool electricity
Pole is in axial loss rate.
Specifically, the open-circuit condition tool-electrode rollback speed v calculated according to formula (1)fWith short-circuit condition tool-electrode into
Give speed vbTheoretical upper limit value, it is contemplated that short circuit retracts and opens a way as early as possible the basic servo control strategy that feeds as early as possible, vfAnd vb
Big value, i.e. processing technology application preferred value, open-circuit condition tool should be taken as far as possible under the premise of meeting formula (1) constraint condition
Electrode rollback speed vf’With short-circuit condition tool-electrode feed speed vb’It is taken as 0.80-0.99 times of theoretical upper limit value.
In step s 102, tool-electrode end is laterally lost to the optimization of minimum and machining accuracy as optimization aim, root
According to open-circuit condition tool-electrode rollback speed, servo scanning process coefficient, maximum discharging gap, the response of tool-electrode advance and retreat system
Delay time obtains out the theory lower bound value of servo scanning speed.
Specifically, minimum and machining accuracy is laterally lost with tool-electrode end and is optimized for target, servo scanning speed
Theory lower bound value are as follows:
Wherein, vsFor servo scanning speed, ksFor servo scanning process coefficient；
Servo scanning process coefficient ksAre as follows:
ks=vs·hT
Wherein, hTFor single layer working depth.
In step s 103, using three-dimensional servo scanning machining precision and efficiency complex optimum as optimization aim, according to most
Big discharging gap and servo scanning process coefficient obtain the theory lower bound value of servo scanning speed.
When specifically, using three-dimensional servo scanning machining precision and efficiency complex optimum as target, servo scanning speed
Theory lower bound value are as follows:
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, servo scanning speed v is calculated according to formula (2) or formula (3)s's
Theory lower bound value, deficient machining state, v can be generated by considering that scanning speed is excessively highsIt should be as far as possible under the premise of meeting constraint condition
Take small value, i.e. processing technology application preferred value, servo scanning speed vs’It is taken as 1.01-1.20 times of theory lower bound value.
Fine electric spark servo scanning processing method, having effectively achieved micro tool electrode, axially loss real-time online is mended
It repays.Based on processing gap electric signal feedback, micro tool electrode feed shaft real-time servo controls tiny discharge gap, to mend in real time
It repays micro tool electrode to be axially lost, each axis of workpiece horizontal direction, which links, scans patterned digital controlled tracing to realize, adds
Micro tool electrode rotates to be homogenized the lateral loss of electrode tip in work.Above-mentioned process advantage is: having electrode axial direction
Loss is organically combined with discharging gap SERVO CONTROL, to realize electrode axially loss real-time online compensation, and simultaneously in servo
Reach discharge rate maximization in the case of control discharging gap.
Micro-electrode loss compensation method in the embodiment of the present invention combine a kind of working depth bounding algorithm, it can be achieved that plus
Work go out depth it is controllable < 2 μm, dimensional accuracy it is controllable < 5 μm of the miniature cavity configuration of complex three-dimensional, and can be processed on hollow out workpiece
The three-dimensional micro cavity configuration designed out.According to above-mentioned fine electric spark servo scanning processing technology principle it is found that between fine discharge
Gap SERVO CONTROL effect directly affects the real-time of discharge rate and compensation for electrode wear.
Further, threshold method for controlling threshold value is common control method, phase in electrical discharge machining Servo Control for Discharge Gap
Close research be concentrated mainly on forming in servo parameter on processing effect influence study, for electric spark scanning (or milling) plus
Threshold value control characteristic and optimizing research are less in work.Correlative study mainly studies discharging gap SERVO CONTROL by exploratory experiment
The impact effect of parameter lacks discharging gap SERVO CONTROL parameter and the preferred method of scanning speed parametric synthesis.
The fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters preferred method of the embodiment of the present invention solves the above problem, and synthesis is examined
Discharging gap is considered, tool-electrode retreats response, tool-electrode axial direction loss rate and single layer working depth (mainly by electric discharge energy
Amount, scanning speed factor influence) function and effect, have versatility, it is applied widely.Below to fine electric spark of the invention
Servo scanning machining parameter preferred method is described in detail.
As shown in Fig. 2, the micro EDM Servo Control for Discharge Gap based on threshold threshold value method of servo-controlling is substantially former
Reason is as follows, sets threshold voltage threshold value [U according to the detectable voltage signals of short circuit and open circuit between tool-electrode and workpieceref1,
Uref2], using the variation in Clearance Discharging Detecting voltage signal feedback discharge gap, discharge condition is divided into three regions and is carried out
The advance and retreat of coordination electrode keep discharging gap.When detector gap voltage is higher than Uref2When be determined as open-circuit condition, control tool electricity
Pole is fed down；When detector gap voltage is lower than Uref1When be determined as short-circuit condition, control tool-electrode retracts upwards；Work as detection
Voltage is in Uref1And Uref2Between when be determined as regular picture state, coordination electrode holding position keeps discharge condition.In electrode
In the case where material, workpiece material, work liquid status and threshold voltage unchanged, maximum discharging gap ΔmaxWith minimum discharging gap
ΔminAlso it remains unchanged.Therefore, threshold voltage method for controlling threshold value is geometrically it is to be understood that when actual gap is greater than maximum
Discharging gap ΔmaxWhen, coordination electrode is with speed vfFeed down compensation；Actual gap is less than minimum discharging gap ΔminWhen, control
Electrode processed is with speed vbIt retracts upwards；When actual gap is within the scope of discharging gap, coordination electrode holding position.It feeds down
Speed vfBack speed degree v back upbIt is to maintain the important SERVO CONTROL parameter in processing gap, theoretically vfAnd vbSpeed it is faster
Discharging gap region can be more returned to as soon as possible.But processing Servo Control for Discharge Gap mechanical system actual for one, SERVO CONTROL
The velocity magnitude also mainly Mechatronic Systems response time t by tool-electrode advance and retreat controlwLimitation.Its physical meaning are as follows:
When tool-electrode initial motion speed is v0, control system, which issues, changes movement velocity vgInstruction, due to the soft or hard sound of control system
The influence that should be delayed, tool-electrode postpone twIt is just responded after time, instruction starts to change speed.Due between micro EDM
Gap is very small (~5-10 μm of magnitude), response time twWith electrode open circuit feed speed vf, short-circuit rollback speed vbIt needs
Proper Match.
As shown in figure 3, considering in response time twUnder the influence of discharging gap actual servo control process, it is assumed that work
Have electrode initial position (Proc-1) in discharging gap, after tool-electrode holding position (v=0) processes a period of time, due to
Export license and workpiece are removed processing, and the increase of processing gap exceeds discharging gap (Proc-2), and control system issues " with speed
vfMove downward " instruction, but due to response time tw, therefore, the Z axis speed in this period is still 0.In operating lag
twAfter, Z axis starts with speed vf(Proc-3) is moved downward, when moving to maximum discharging gap position, control system hair
" stop motion " instruction (Proc-4) out, due to response time tw, therefore, the Z axis speed in this period is still vf, meeting
Continue to move downward overshoot length vf*tw.Wherein, according to vf*twSize, three kinds of situation analysis open circuit feeding situations can be divided,
Concrete condition is as follows:
(1) tool-electrode motion conditions I: as shown in Fig. 4 (a), tool-electrode moving displacement track and electrode tip under situation I
Change in location situation of the portion relative to machined surface.(the v when feeding overshoot length is less than discharging gapf*tw<Δmax-
Δmin), electrode can be parked in discharging gap region (Proc-5), the case where returning to Proc-1, will circuit sequentially Proc-1-2-3-
Process shown in 4-5.At situation I, the electrode tip most of the time is in discharging gap region, and few part-time is located at
Open-circuit condition.
(2) (the v when feeding overshoot length is greater than discharging gapf*tw>Δmax-Δmin), electrode can be parked in short-circuited region
Or electrode occurs and collides workpiece surface, control system issues " with speed vbRetract upwards " instruction (Proc-6), experience delay tw
Afterwards, electrode starts with vbSpeed rises (Proc-7).When rising at minimum discharging gap, control system, which issues, " stops fortune
It is dynamic " instruction (Proc-8).Due to response time tw, therefore, tool-electrode will continue to upward rollback moving displacement vb*tw.Root
According to vb*twSize, two kinds of situation analysis short circuit rollback situations can be divided into:
(2-a) tool-electrode motion conditions II: as shown in Fig. 4 (b), at situation II tool-electrode moving displacement track and
Change in location situation of the electrode tip relative to machined surface.(the v when the overshoot length that retracts is less than discharging gapb*tw<
Δmax-Δmin), electrode can be parked in discharging gap region (Proc-9), the case where returning to Proc-1, will circuit sequentially Proc-
Process shown in 1-2-3-4-6-7-8-9.At situation II, electrode tip can be detained a period of time in short-circuited region or electrode occurs
Collision situation.
(2-b) tool-electrode motion conditions III: as shown in Fig. 4 (c), under situation III tool-electrode moving displacement track and
Electrode tip change in location situation.(the v when the overshoot length that retracts is greater than discharging gapb*tw>Δmax-Δmin), electrode can be parked in
In the excessive open circuit region in pole clearance (Proc-10), the case where returning to Proc-2 at this time, Proc-2-3-4- will be circuited sequentially
Process shown in 6-7-8-10.At situation III, electrode tip can shake back and forth up and down in discharging gap, i.e., short-circuit (or electrode touches
Hit)-normal process-open circuit cycle of states.The time length ratio above-mentioned two situations that situation III is located at discharging gap region are short, electricity
Spark discharge processing efficiency is minimum.
Above-mentioned three kinds of situations are comprehensively compared: the processing gap of situation I is located at the time longest in discharging gap region, and can
Avoid the rough sledding of short circuit or electrode collision；There is short-circuit (or electrode collision), open-circuit condition time in situation II and situation III
Growth, and time of the servo velocity more very much not in discharging gap region is longer.Therefore, situation I is preferred parameter condition,
In, servo parameter and Z axis response time need the constraint condition met are as follows:
Formula (4) gives vfAnd vbThe constraint condition of the upper limit, but in view of the short circuit base that rollback and open circuit are fed as early as possible as early as possible
This servo control strategy, vfAnd vbBig value should be taken as far as possible under the premise of meeting constraint condition.
Above-mentioned analysis does not account for the influence of export license and workpiece removal material in electric discharge machining process.For scanned
Journey, each scanning element workpiece work surface are new surface, can ignore workpiece material removal amount to above-mentioned electrode advance and retreat speed
The influence of analysis.Consider tool-electrode in axial loss rate veTo the impact effect of tool-electrode feeding and rollback speed
Are as follows: tool-electrode momentary loss will increase discharging gap, and being equivalent to open circuit feed speed reduces ve, the speed increasing of short circuit rollback
V is addede.Consider the influence of tool electrode loss speed, formula (4) can be corrected are as follows:
According to formula (5), the open-circuit condition tool-electrode that the SERVO CONTROL discharging gap of the embodiment of the present invention can be obtained retracts
Speed vfWith short-circuit condition tool-electrode feed speed vbTheoretical upper limit value calculating formula (1).
In fine electric spark servo scanning processing, tool-electrode axial direction servo motion and the compound of transversal scanning campaign are determined
Processing Servo Control for Discharge Gap effect is determined, servo parameter and sweep parameter need Proper Match.When machined parameters (watch by electrical parameter
Take parameter, scanning speed, working fluid) it is certain in the case where, fine electric spark servo scanning processes single layer working depth hTMeet
Consistency:
Wherein, kaFor coefficient constant, WTIt is constant, v in given electrical parameter for the discharge energy in the unit timesTo sweep
Retouch speed, dsFor tool-electrode diameter.
As shown in Fig. 4 (a), based on preferred tool-electrode motion conditions I (when feeding overshoot length is less than discharging gap
vf*tw<Δmax-Δmin), analysis scanning speed and the coupling effect for processing Servo Control for Discharge Gap.
By formula (6) it is found that working as scanning speed vsIt is too small, single layer working depth hTWill be excessive, as shown in Fig. 5 (a), single layer adds
(h when work depth is greater than maximum discharging gapT>>Δmax), electrode tip will be added position below known work surface
Work will cause tool-electrode sideflash and lateral loss serious.When lateral material removal speed is less than scanning speed vsWhen, work
Unnecessary upward rollback can be caused, having little time to retract even occurs electrode side collision with workpiece side wall short circuit by having electrode.
As raising scanning speed vs, single layer working depth h can be reducedT.As shown in Fig. 5 (b), single layer working depth is less than most
Big discharging gap and (Δ when being greater than minimum discharging gapmin<hT<Δmax), minimum and processing is laterally lost with tool-electrode end
Precision optimizing guarantees that electrode tip will not reach under work surface, that is, guarantees electrode tip motion profile as target
Minimum point should be higher than that thickness hT, Δ should be met according to Fig. 4 (a)max-vf*tw>hTCondition.Therefore, putting in electrode movement situation I
Under electric Servo Control for Discharge Gap Parameter Conditions, constraint condition that servo parameter and sweep parameter need to meet are as follows:
Δmax-vf·tw>hT (7)
K is taken according to formula (6)s=kaWT/ds, then hT=ks/vs, retracted according to the open-circuit condition tool-electrode of application preferred value
Speed vf’, servo scanning speed v of the invention can be obtainedsTheory lower bound value calculate such as formula (2).
Further, using three-dimensional servo scanning machining precision and efficiency complex optimum as target, scanning speed theory is excellent
Choosing value is taken as situation shown in Fig. 5 (b), i.e. scanning speed guarantees that every layer of working depth is not more than maximum discharging gap Δmax(hT
≤Δmax), k is taken according to formula (6)s=kaWT/ds, then hT=ks/vs, servo scanning speed v of the invention can be obtainedsTheory under
Limit value is calculated such as formula (3).
As shown in Fig. 4 (a), scanning speed is unsuitable excessively high, and scanning speed is too fast will to generate~twMultistage distance in time
For vs*twOwe the state (open-circuit condition) of processing.vsSmall value should be taken as far as possible under the premise of meeting constraint condition, that is, processed
Technique application preferred value, servo scanning speed are taken as 1.01-1.20 times of theory lower bound value.
The embodiment of the present invention is not needed through a large amount of exploratory experiment, and three-dimensional fine electric spark can be obtained by calculating
Open-circuit condition tool-electrode rollback speed v in servo scanning machining techniquef, short-circuit condition tool-electrode feed speed vb, servo sweeps
Retouch speed vsParameter preferred scope, can be improved the preferred efficiency of parameter, be conducive to optimize three-dimensional fine electric spark servo scanning
Machining process.And in view of the tool-electrode advance and retreat speed and servo scanning machining speed of SERVO CONTROL discharging gap
Coupling effect is difficult to the problem of optimizing for Alternative parameter, provides effective parameter Optimization Theory foundation and solves way
Diameter.
In conclusion preferably square to fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters of the invention by a specific embodiment
Method and system are described in detail.
The three-dimensional fine electric spark servo scanning system of processing given for one, tool-electrode SERVO CONTROL operating lag
Time is twFor 22ms, given parameters (3 μ s of pulsewidth, 5 μ s, open-circuit voltage 110V, 160 μm of tool tungsten filament electrode Φ between arteries and veins, workpiece
Material is brass, and working solution is deionized water) in the case of, minimum discharging gap ΔminIt is~1.2 μm, maximum discharging gap Δmax
It is~4.4 μm.
When not considering that tool electrode loss influences, according to formula (4), feed speed v can be obtainedfWith rollback speed vbBoundary value
Are as follows:
According to formula (1), export license speed is considered to correct vfAnd vb, the tool electrode loss speed in given parameters
Degree is~0.0012mm/s, i.e., tool electrode loss speed is to influence < 1% of electrode servo advance and retreat speed, therefore, in this example
In ignore influence of the tool electrode loss speed to servo advance and retreat speed-optimization.
Consider the basic servo control strategy that short circuit retracts as early as possible and open circuit is fed as early as possible, vfAnd vbMeeting constraint condition
Under the premise of should take big value as far as possible, i.e. processing technology application preferred value is taken as open-circuit condition tool-electrode rollback speed vf’With
Short-circuit condition tool-electrode feed speed vb’It is taken as 0.90 times of theoretical upper limit value, i.e. vf’=vb'=0.131mm/s.
Further, when in this example using three-dimensional servo scanning machining precision and efficiency complex optimum as target, according to
Servo scanning speed vsTheory lower bound value calculating formula (3), it is known that ideal maximum clearancemax=4.4 μm, pass through infrastest
And k is obtained according to formula (4)s=4.07, servo scanning speed v can be obtainedsLower limit boundary value are as follows:
Deficient machining state, v can be generated by considering that scanning speed is excessively highsIt should be taken as far as possible under the premise of meeting constraint condition small
Value, i.e. processing technology application preferred value, servo scanning speed vs’1.08 times of theory lower bound value are taken as, i.e. vs’=1mm/s.
As shown in fig. 6, this example is preferably processed the servo feed speed of Servo Control for Discharge Gap, servo rollback speed and is watched
Scanning speed is taken, obtained fine electric spark servo scanning processes one layer of example, wherein with scanning machining precision and electrode tip
Portion's loss is used as evaluation index, and the processing effect of optimizing technology parameters is preferable.
The fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters preferred method proposed according to embodiments of the present invention, can be with by calculating
Obtain open-circuit condition tool-electrode rollback speed v in three-dimensional fine electric spark servo scanning processing technologyf, short-circuit condition tool electricity
Pole feed speed vb, servo scanning speed vsParameter preferred scope, can be improved the preferred efficiency of parameter, it is three-dimensional to be conducive to optimization
Fine electric spark servo scanning machining process.
The fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters proposed according to embodiments of the present invention referring next to attached drawing description are preferred
System.
Fig. 7 is the fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters optimum decision system structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 7, the fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters optimum decision system 10 include: the first computing module 100,
Second computing module 200 and third computing module 300.
Wherein, the first computing module 100 is for obtaining discharge energy, and according to maximum discharging gap, minimum discharging gap,
The tool-electrode advance and retreat system response delay time, tool-electrode axial direction loss rate parameter value obtain SERVO CONTROL discharging gap
Open-circuit condition tool-electrode rollback speed and short-circuit condition tool-electrode advance and retreat speed theoretical upper limit value.Second computing module
200 for tool-electrode end to be laterally lost to the optimization of minimum and machining accuracy as optimization aim, according to open-circuit condition tool
Electrode rollback speed, servo scanning process coefficient, maximum discharging gap, tool-electrode advance and retreat system response delay time obtain out
The theory lower bound value of servo scanning speed.Third computing module 300 is used for three-dimensional servo scanning machining precision and efficiency is comprehensive
Optimization is used as optimization aim, and the theory lower bound of servo scanning speed is obtained according to maximum discharging gap and servo scanning process coefficient
Value.The system 10 can avoid intereelectrode short-circuit or the rough sledding of electrode collision in fine electric spark servo scanning processing, be conducive to
Micro tool electrode end wear is reduced, regular picture rate, processing efficiency and machining accuracy are improved.
It further, in one embodiment of the invention, is 0.80-0.99 times of theoretical upper limit value using preferred value,
1.01-1.20 times of theory lower bound value is taken as using preferred value.
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, the open-circuit condition tool-electrode of SERVO CONTROL discharging gap returns
The theoretical upper limit value of back speed degree and short-circuit condition tool-electrode advance and retreat speed are as follows:
Wherein, vfFor open-circuit condition tool-electrode rollback speed, vbFor short-circuit condition tool-electrode feed speed, ΔmaxFor
Maximum discharging gap, ΔminFor minimum discharging gap, twFor the response time of tool-electrode advance and retreat system, veFor tool electricity
Pole is in axial loss rate.
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, minimum and machining accuracy is laterally lost with tool-electrode end
It is optimized for target, the theory lower bound value of servo scanning speed are as follows:
Wherein, vsFor servo scanning speed, ksFor servo scanning process coefficient；
Servo scanning process coefficient ksAre as follows:
ks=vs·hT
Wherein, hTFor single layer working depth.
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, with three-dimensional servo scanning machining precision and efficiency complex optimum
When as target, the theory lower bound value of servo scanning speed are as follows:
It should be noted that the aforementioned explanation to fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters preferred method embodiment
The system for being also applied for the embodiment, details are not described herein again.
The fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters optimum decision system proposed according to embodiments of the present invention, can be with by calculating
Obtain open-circuit condition tool-electrode rollback speed v in three-dimensional fine electric spark servo scanning processing technologyf, short-circuit condition tool electricity
Pole feed speed vb, servo scanning speed vsParameter preferred scope, can be improved the preferred efficiency of parameter, it is three-dimensional to be conducive to optimization
Fine electric spark servo scanning machining process.
In addition, term " first ", " second " are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or suggesting relative importance
Or implicitly indicate the quantity of indicated technical characteristic.Define " first " as a result, the feature of " second " can be expressed or
Implicitly include at least one this feature.In the description of the present invention, the meaning of " plurality " is at least two, such as two, three
It is a etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.
In the description of this specification, reference term " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " specifically show
The description of example " or " some examples " etc. means specific features, structure, material or spy described in conjunction with this embodiment or example
Point is included at least one embodiment or example of the invention.In the present specification, schematic expression of the above terms are not
It must be directed to identical embodiment or example.Moreover, particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be in office
It can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiment or examples.In addition, without conflicting with each other, the skill of this field
Art personnel can tie the feature of different embodiments or examples described in this specification and different embodiments or examples
It closes and combines.
Although the embodiments of the present invention has been shown and described above, it is to be understood that above-described embodiment is example
Property, it is not considered as limiting the invention, those skilled in the art within the scope of the invention can be to above-mentioned
Embodiment is changed, modifies, replacement and variant.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters preferred method, which comprises the following steps:
Discharge energy is obtained, and when according to maximum discharging gap, minimum discharging gap, tool-electrode advance and retreat system response delay
Between, the parameter value of tool-electrode axial direction loss rate obtain the open-circuit condition tool-electrode rollback speed of SERVO CONTROL discharging gap
With the theoretical upper limit value of short-circuit condition tool-electrode advance and retreat speed；
Tool-electrode end is laterally lost to the optimization of minimum and machining accuracy as optimization aim, according to the open-circuit condition tool
When electrode rollback speed, servo scanning process coefficient, the maximum discharging gap, the tool-electrode advance and retreat system response delay
Between obtain out the theory lower bound value of servo scanning speed；Or
Using three-dimensional servo scanning machining precision and efficiency complex optimum as the optimization aim, according to the maximum discharging gap
The theory lower bound value of servo scanning speed is obtained with the servo scanning process coefficient.
2. fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters preferred method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that application is excellent
Choosing value is 0.80-0.99 times of the theoretical upper limit value, the 1.01-1.20 that the theory lower bound value is taken as using preferred value
Times.
3. fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters preferred method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described to watch
The open-circuit condition tool-electrode rollback speed of clothes control discharging gap and the theoretical upper limit of short-circuit condition tool-electrode advance and retreat speed
Value are as follows:
Wherein, vfFor open-circuit condition tool-electrode rollback speed, vbFor short-circuit condition tool-electrode feed speed, ΔmaxFor maximum
Discharging gap, ΔminFor minimum discharging gap, twFor the response time of tool-electrode advance and retreat system, veExist for tool-electrode
Axial loss rate.
4. fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters preferred method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that it is described with
The tool-electrode end is laterally lost minimum and machining accuracy and is optimized for target, the theory lower bound value of the servo scanning speed
Are as follows:
Wherein, vsFor servo scanning speed, ksFor servo scanning process coefficient；
Servo scanning process coefficient ksAre as follows:
ks=vs·hT
Wherein, hTFor single layer working depth.
5. fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters preferred method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that it is described with
When three-dimensional servo scanning machining precision and efficiency complex optimum are as target, the theory lower bound value of the servo scanning speed are as follows:
6. a kind of fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters optimum decision system characterized by comprising
First computing module, for obtaining discharge energy, and according to maximum discharging gap, minimum discharging gap, tool-electrode into
Move back the system response delay time, tool-electrode axial direction loss rate parameter value obtain SERVO CONTROL discharging gap open-circuit condition
The theoretical upper limit value of tool-electrode rollback speed and short-circuit condition tool-electrode advance and retreat speed；
Second computing module, for tool-electrode end to be laterally lost to the optimization of minimum and machining accuracy as optimization aim, root
According to the open-circuit condition tool-electrode rollback speed, servo scanning process coefficient, the maximum discharging gap, the tool-electrode
The advance and retreat system response delay time obtains out the theory lower bound value of servo scanning speed；
Third computing module, for using three-dimensional servo scanning machining precision and efficiency complex optimum as the optimization aim, root
The theory lower bound value of servo scanning speed is obtained according to the maximum discharging gap and the servo scanning process coefficient.
7. fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters optimum decision system according to claim 6, which is characterized in that application is excellent
Choosing value is 0.80-0.99 times of the theoretical upper limit value, the 1.01-1.20 that the theory lower bound value is taken as using preferred value
Times.
8. fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters optimum decision system according to claim 6, which is characterized in that described to watch
The open-circuit condition tool-electrode rollback speed of clothes control discharging gap and the theoretical upper limit of short-circuit condition tool-electrode advance and retreat speed
Value are as follows:
Wherein, vfFor open-circuit condition tool-electrode rollback speed, vbFor short-circuit condition tool-electrode feed speed, ΔmaxFor maximum
Discharging gap, ΔminFor minimum discharging gap, twFor the response time of tool-electrode advance and retreat system, veExist for tool-electrode
Axial loss rate.
9. fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters optimum decision system according to claim 8, which is characterized in that it is described with
The tool-electrode end is laterally lost minimum and machining accuracy and is optimized for target, the theory lower bound value of the servo scanning speed
Are as follows:
Wherein, vsFor servo scanning speed, ksFor servo scanning process coefficient；
Servo scanning process coefficient ksAre as follows:
ks=vs·hT
Wherein, hTFor single layer working depth.
10. fine electric spark servo scanning machined parameters optimum decision system according to claim 9, which is characterized in that described
When using three-dimensional servo scanning machining precision and efficiency complex optimum as target, the theory lower bound value of the servo scanning speed
Are as follows:
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| CN110340466A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-10-18 | 清华大学 | Discharge-Assisted Chemical Machining Process Constrained by Multi-angular Discharge Confinement at Tool Electrode Tip |
| CN114888374A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-08-12 | 成都宝利根创科电子有限公司 | Workpiece micro small arbitrary arc discharge forming machining electrode and machining method |
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| CN110340466A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-10-18 | 清华大学 | Discharge-Assisted Chemical Machining Process Constrained by Multi-angular Discharge Confinement at Tool Electrode Tip |
| CN110340466B (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2020-08-28 | 清华大学 | Discharge-Assisted Chemical Machining Process Constrained by Polygonal Discharge at the End of Tool Electrode |
| CN114888374A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-08-12 | 成都宝利根创科电子有限公司 | Workpiece micro small arbitrary arc discharge forming machining electrode and machining method |
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