CN109199339B - A wearable flexible temperature sensor for monitoring human body temperature and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A wearable flexible temperature sensor for monitoring human body temperature and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A61B5/01—Measuring temperature of body parts ; Diagnostic temperature sensing, e.g. for malignant or inflamed tissue
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- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wearable flexible temperature sensor for monitoring the body temperature of a human body and a preparation method thereof, wherein the wearable flexible temperature sensor is provided with a sandwich structure consisting of a sticking bandage, an intermediate temperature sensitive layer and a flexible breathable film, wherein the intermediate temperature sensitive layer is obtained by forming a film by taking polyvinylidene fluoride as a matrix, polyethylene glycol as a temperature sensitive material and graphite powder as a conductive filler. The flexible temperature sensor disclosed by the invention is high in sensitivity, good in detection effect, good in wearability, good in flexibility and good in air permeability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of flexible temperature sensors, and particularly relates to a breathable wearable flexible temperature sensor with a sandwich structure and a preparation method thereof, which are used for monitoring the body temperature of a human body.
Background
Body temperature is one of the most important physiological parameters in physiology, is closely related to chemical reactions in physiological systems, is an important index for judging human health and diseases, and is often the basis for determining whether to start treatment. Accurate measurement of local temperature changes of soft tissues (whether large scale movements or not) is crucial for understanding the thermal phenomena of body temperature balance, assessing complex health conditions and further providing the possibility to build intelligent medical and medical systems. Therefore, the method has certain value and significance of deep mining on accurate detection and recording of the body temperature curve of the human body.
In conventional medical care, thermal imaging of the skin is achieved by a medical infrared thermal imager for spatial imaging or a mercury thermometer for measuring body temperature. Medical thermal infrared imagers can provide ultra-high precision and high resolution in imaging, but suffer from high cost and the need to hold the patient, be immobile, and have poor flexibility. As for the mercury thermometer, it is inconvenient for a newborn baby or an anesthetized patient because they cannot stably hold the mercury thermometer in the armpit as required. More importantly, mercury thermometers are easily damaged and the leaking mercury is toxic and can contaminate the environment. Therefore, temperature sensors used as wearable electronics should be flexible, sensitive, biocompatible, lightweight, naturally applied to the skin surface and have sufficiently high resolution, which is very important for healthcare and medical applications.
Over the past few decades, many efforts have been made to provide flexible, biocompatible temperature sensors. Bao et al developed a temperature sensor based on a Ni particle-filled polymer composite, which consisted of a nickel particle-filled binary polymer composite with Polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) as the matrix for monitoring body temperature. However, such methods still have some problems: on one hand, the sensor prepared by the high-temperature hot-pressing method has lower flexibility; on the other hand, the repeatability of the sensor is not ideal, and is not favorable for repeated utilization. In addition, Salvator et al developed a biodegradable and highly deformable temperature sensor based on Mg film and ecoflex that maintained a high degree of mechanical stability, without affecting the performance of the device when it was crumpled, folded and stretched to 10%. But the rigidity is large and the resolution is not enough, so that the flexible wearable device cannot be applied. Yokata et al designed ultra-flexible temperature sensors based on graphite filler copolymers, which can exhibit 6 orders of magnitude or more change in resistivity over a temperature range of only 5.0 ℃. However, the sensor can only change within the temperature range of 5 ℃, the highest sensitive temperature is only 34 ℃, the sensor does not conform to the temperature range of the human body temperature, and the sensor is not suitable for measuring the human body temperature.
Although great progress has been made in flexible temperature sensors, there are some disadvantages to temperature sensors for measuring body temperature: the temperature sensor has no proper temperature sensitive range and high enough resolution ratio suitable for measuring the body temperature of a human body, lacks better flexibility and portability, is not easy to be applied to the skin of the human body, and the like. Currently, there is no wearable flexible temperature sensor for measuring body temperature that has high resolution, is gas permeable, in the temperature range of 34 ℃ to 42 ℃.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to avoid the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a wearable flexible temperature sensor for monitoring the body temperature of a human body and a preparation method thereof based on the positive temperature effect principle, and aims to solve the problems that the existing body temperature sensor is difficult to apply on the epidermis of the human body and cannot monitor the body temperature for a long time in a portable manner, and enhance the capability of the temperature sensor as a body temperature detection device.
The invention solves the technical problem and adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a wearable flexible temperature sensor for monitoring human body temperature which characterized in that: the wearable flexible temperature sensor is of a sandwich structure, a sticky bandage is used as a substrate, an intermediate temperature sensitive layer is arranged in the sticky bandage, and a flexible breathable film covers the intermediate temperature sensitive layer;
the middle temperature sensitive layer is obtained by forming a film by taking polyvinylidene fluoride as a matrix, polyethylene glycol as a temperature sensitive material and graphite powder as a conductive filler.
The wearable flexible temperature sensor is based on the positive temperature effect principle: as the temperature rises, the polyethylene glycol gradually changes from a crystalline state to an amorphous state, which causes volume expansion, and dilutes the volume fraction of graphite powder existing in the sensitive layer, so that the resistance of the temperature sensor rises; when the temperature is reduced, the polyethylene glycol is recrystallized from an amorphous state, the volume is shrunk, graphite powder is separated out, the volume fraction of the graphite powder in the sensitive layer is increased, and the resistance is reduced.
Furthermore, polystyrene sodium sulfonate is added into the middle temperature sensitive layer to improve the crystallinity of polyethylene glycol. In the middle temperature sensitive layer, hydrogen bonds are easily formed between the polyethylene glycol and the polyvinylidene fluoride, and the crystallinity of the polyethylene glycol is influenced, so that the sensitivity of the sensor is influenced. The sodium polystyrene sulfonate is added, so that hydrogen bonds can be preferentially formed between the sodium polystyrene sulfonate and the polyethylene glycol, and the polyvinylidene fluoride cannot form the hydrogen bonds with the polyethylene glycol, so that the crystallinity of the polyethylene glycol is greatly increased, the sensitivity of the sensor is improved, and the sensor has high repeatability of 200 times, response time as fast as 30s and excellent anti-interference performance.
Further, the molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol is 1500. The wearable flexible temperature sensor is designed for detecting the body temperature of a human body, so that polyethylene glycol with the molecular weight of 1500 is selected, and the temperature sensitive range of the sensor is consistent with the change range of the body temperature of the human body and is 34-42 ℃.
The preparation method of the wearable flexible temperature sensor comprises the following steps:
11. Preparation of polyethylene glycol-sodium polystyrene sulfonate solution
Weighing 0.6g of polyethylene glycol and 2-4 mL of sodium polystyrene sulfonate, adding into 20-30 mL of deionized water, and stirring until the polyethylene glycol and the sodium polystyrene sulfonate are dissolved to obtain a polyethylene glycol-sodium polystyrene sulfonate solution.
12. Composite solution for preparing graphite powder
Adding 0.6-0.9 g of graphite powder into the polyethylene glycol-sodium polystyrene sulfonate solution, stirring for 30 minutes, and then carrying out ultrasonic dispersion for 30 minutes to obtain a mixed solution;
13. preparation of polyethylene glycol/polyvinylidene fluoride/graphite mixture
Adding 0.6-0.8 g of polyvinylidene fluoride and 10-30 mL of N, N-dimethylformamide into the mixed solution, and magnetically stirring at 200 ℃ until the mixture is pasty to obtain coating slurry;
14. preparation of a Flexible temperature-sensitive layer
Spin-coating the coating slurry by using a spin coater to form a film, placing the film into a vacuum drying oven, drying the film for 4 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃, and then shearing the film to the required size to obtain an intermediate temperature sensitive layer;
The middle temperature sensitive layer is pasted and fixed on the pasting bandage, and then the flexible breathable film with the area larger than that of the middle temperature sensitive layer is pasted and fixed on the pasting bandage and covers the middle temperature sensitive layer; and finally, sticking release paper on the sticking bandage for protection to obtain the wearable flexible temperature sensor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the flexible temperature sensor adopts a sandwich structure of an adhesive bandage, an intermediate temperature sensitive layer and a flexible breathable film: the sensitivity is high, and the detection effect is good; the thermometer has good wearability and flexibility, can be perfectly pasted with the epidermis of a human body, and can replace a traditional rigid thermometer to monitor the body temperature of the human body in the fields of medicine and the like; the medical thermometer has good air permeability, can be in long-term contact with the skin, and can be used for monitoring the body temperature of special groups such as the old, children and paralytic patients for a long time.
2. According to the flexible temperature sensor, the sodium polystyrene sulfonate is added in the preparation process, so that the sensitivity of the sensor is greatly improved, and compared with the temperature sensor prepared without adding the sodium polystyrene sulfonate, the resistance change rate is increased by about one time.
3. The flexible temperature sensor has good stability, and the performance of the sensor can be kept stable under the influence of external environments such as bending, water, wind and the like.
4. The flexible temperature sensor has the advantages of low price of raw materials, simple manufacturing method and easy batch production.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a sandwich structure of the wearable flexible temperature sensor for monitoring the body temperature of a human body, wherein the reference numbers are as follows: 1 is an adhesive bandage, 2 is an intermediate temperature sensitive layer, and 3 is a flexible breathable film.
Fig. 2 is a pictorial view of a wearable flexible temperature sensor of the present invention for monitoring body temperature.
Fig. 3(a), (b) are scanning electron microscope images of the surface of the intermediate temperature sensitive layer of the wearable flexible temperature sensor for monitoring the body temperature of the human body according to the invention under different magnifications.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing a repetitive comparison of a wearable flexible temperature sensor of the present invention for monitoring body temperature with a sensor without sodium polystyrene sulfonate addition.
Fig. 5 is a diagram of the detection of small temperature changes of the wearable flexible temperature sensor for monitoring the body temperature of a human body according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph of response time of a wearable flexible temperature sensor for monitoring body temperature in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a graph of different environmental stabilities of the wearable flexible temperature sensor of the present invention for monitoring body temperature.
Detailed Description
The following embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are provided for implementing the technical solution of the present invention, and provide detailed embodiments and specific procedures, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the wearable flexible temperature sensor of the present embodiment is a sandwich structure, and is formed by using an adhesive bandage 1 as a substrate, disposing an intermediate temperature sensitive layer 2 in the adhesive bandage, and covering the intermediate temperature sensitive layer 2 with a flexible breathable film 3; the middle temperature sensitive layer is obtained by forming a film by taking polyvinylidene fluoride as a matrix, polyethylene glycol as a temperature sensitive material and graphite powder as a conductive filler.
The preparation steps of the flexible temperature sensor of the embodiment are as follows:
11. Preparation of polyethylene glycol-sodium polystyrene sulfonate solution
0.6g of polyethylene glycol and 2mL of sodium polystyrene sulfonate are weighed, added into 20mL of deionized water, and stirred until dissolved, so as to obtain a polyethylene glycol-sodium polystyrene sulfonate solution.
12. Composite solution for preparing graphite powder
Adding 0.8g of graphite powder into a polyethylene glycol-sodium polystyrene sulfonate solution, stirring for 30min, and then performing ultrasonic dispersion for 30min to obtain a mixed solution;
13. preparation of polyethylene glycol/polyvinylidene fluoride/graphite mixture
Adding 0.6g of polyvinylidene fluoride with the molecular weight of 1500 and 10mL of N, N-dimethylformamide into the mixed solution, and magnetically stirring the mixed solution at 200 ℃ until the mixed solution is pasty to obtain coating slurry;
14. preparation of a Flexible temperature-sensitive layer
Spin-coating the coating slurry by using a spin coater to form a film, putting the film into a vacuum drying oven, drying the film for 4 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃, and then shearing the film to the required size to obtain an intermediate temperature sensitive layer;
The middle temperature sensitive layer is pasted and fixed on the pasting bandage, then a flexible breathable film (with the thickness of 0.5mm, purchased from Opsite, Smith & Nephew) with the area larger than that of the middle temperature sensitive layer is pasted and fixed on the pasting bandage, and the middle temperature sensitive layer is covered; and finally, sticking release paper on the adhesive bandage for protection to obtain the wearable flexible temperature sensor, wherein the physical diagram of the wearable flexible temperature sensor is shown in figure 2.
The physical diagram of the flexible temperature sensor prepared by the invention is shown in figure 2.
FIGS. 3(a) and (b) are scanning electron microscope images of the surface of the intermediate temperature-sensitive layer prepared in this example at different magnifications. From fig. 3(a), it can be seen that polyethylene glycol, polyvinylidene fluoride and graphite are uniformly distributed on the surface. In FIG. 3(B), A is polyethylene glycol and B is polyvinylidene fluoride, which are mutually incompatible and still show a phase-separated state.
In order to test the performance of the flexible temperature sensor obtained in the embodiment, when the sensor is prepared, conductive silver paste is coated on two sides of the middle temperature sensitive layer, a lead is led out, and then the flexible breathable film is covered. And then carrying out related tests on the repeatability, the resolution, the response time and the stability of different environments of the obtained sample.
Fig. 4 is a repeated graph of the wearable flexible temperature sensor obtained in this example (fig. 4(b)), and compared with a temperature sensor prepared without adding sodium polystyrene sulfonate (except that sodium polystyrene sulfonate is not added in step 11 during preparation) (fig. 4(a)), it can be seen that the temperature sensor modified by adding sodium polystyrene sulfonate has a greater temperature sensitivity, and the resistance changes more in the same temperature change range, so that the sensitivity of the sensor is greatly improved. After 200 times of repeated temperature rise tests, the sensor still keeps good temperature sensitivity performance, which indicates that the repeatability of the sensor is good.
In order to represent the high resolution of the flexible temperature sensor obtained in the embodiment, fig. 5 is a detection diagram of a small temperature change, and when a person blows air to the sensor, the resistance of the sensor changes, which indicates that the flexible temperature sensor can detect the change of a weak temperature and has extremely high temperature sensitivity.
Fig. 6 is a response time chart of the flexible temperature sensor obtained in the embodiment, and it can be seen from the graph that the response time of the sensor is only 30 seconds, which is much faster than that of the traditional mercury thermometer by 5 minutes, and the sensor is expected to be applied to the medical industry instead of the traditional thermometer.
For the practicality of the flexible temperature sensor that the sign this embodiment gained, tested the stability of sensor under different environment respectively, wherein: the test under the water environment is carried out by directly soaking a sample in water at 25 ℃; the test under the bending environment is to bend the sample to an angle as shown in the figure, wherein the angle is larger than the angle of the sample after being applied to the skin with any curved surface of a human body; the test under the wind environment is to add wind to the sample by a fan with the power of 2.5W, and the wind power is larger than the natural wind in the environment; while comparing in a flat test. Fig. 7 is a result of a stability test, from which it can be seen that water, bending, and wind have no significant influence on the performance of the sensor, and thus, the flexible temperature sensor of the present invention is not affected by a humid environment, curved skin of a human body, and natural wind in the environment during the monitoring of the body temperature of the human body. It can be seen that the flexible temperature sensor obtained in the embodiment has good stability in different external environments, and further guarantee is provided for the application of the flexible temperature sensor in the medical industry.
The present invention is not limited to the above exemplary embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A wearable flexible temperature sensor for monitoring human body temperature which characterized in that: the wearable flexible temperature sensor is of a sandwich structure, a sticky bandage is used as a substrate, an intermediate temperature sensitive layer is arranged in the sticky bandage, and a flexible breathable film covers the intermediate temperature sensitive layer;
the middle temperature sensitive layer is obtained by forming a film by taking polyvinylidene fluoride as a matrix, polyethylene glycol as a temperature sensitive material and graphite powder as a conductive filler;
sodium polystyrene sulfonate is added into the middle temperature sensitive layer and is used for improving the crystallinity of polyethylene glycol;
the molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol is 1500.
2. The wearable flexible temperature sensor of claim 1, wherein: in the intermediate temperature sensitive layer, the mass-to-volume ratio of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene glycol, sodium polystyrene sulfonate and graphite powder is 0.6-0.8 g: 0.6 g: 2-4 mL: 0.6 to 0.9 g.
3. A method for preparing a wearable flexible temperature sensor according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, preparing an intermediate temperature sensitive layer
11. Preparation of polyethylene glycol-sodium polystyrene sulfonate solution
Weighing 0.6g of polyethylene glycol and 2-4 mL of sodium polystyrene sulfonate, adding into 20-30 mL of deionized water, and stirring until the polyethylene glycol and the sodium polystyrene sulfonate are dissolved to obtain a polyethylene glycol-sodium polystyrene sulfonate solution;
12. composite solution for preparing graphite powder
Adding 0.6-0.9 g of graphite powder into the polyethylene glycol-sodium polystyrene sulfonate solution, stirring for 30 minutes, and then carrying out ultrasonic dispersion for 30 minutes to obtain a mixed solution;
13. preparation of polyethylene glycol/polyvinylidene fluoride/graphite mixture
Adding 0.6-0.8 g of polyvinylidene fluoride and 10-30 mL of N, N-dimethylformamide into the mixed solution, and magnetically stirring at 200 ℃ until the mixture is pasty to obtain coating slurry;
14. preparation of a Flexible temperature-sensitive layer
Spin-coating the coating slurry by using a spin coater to form a film, placing the film into a vacuum drying oven, drying the film for 4 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃, and then shearing the film to the required size to obtain an intermediate temperature sensitive layer;
step 2, wearable flexible temperature sensor
The middle temperature sensitive layer is pasted and fixed on the pasting bandage, and then the flexible breathable film with the area larger than that of the middle temperature sensitive layer is pasted and fixed on the pasting bandage and covers the middle temperature sensitive layer; and finally, sticking release paper on the sticking bandage for protection to obtain the wearable flexible temperature sensor.
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| CN111286185B (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2022-05-20 | 珀力玛新材料(苏州)有限公司 | Temperature-change dimming material, color-change glass containing temperature-change dimming material and preparation method thereof |
| CN112857605B (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-12-31 | 电子科技大学 | Temperature sensor, application thereof and method for preparing temperature sensing module |
| CN114479662A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-05-13 | 浙江水利水电学院 | Preparation method of flexible wearable film temperature sensor of graphene phase change capsule |
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