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CN109193324B - Optical fiber laser - Google Patents

Optical fiber laser Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109193324B
CN109193324B CN201811376315.0A CN201811376315A CN109193324B CN 109193324 B CN109193324 B CN 109193324B CN 201811376315 A CN201811376315 A CN 201811376315A CN 109193324 B CN109193324 B CN 109193324B
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Prior art keywords
laser
fiber
resonant cavity
perovskite crystal
wavelength
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CN109193324A (en
Inventor
仇明侠
陈业旺
韩培刚
欧阳德钦
张玉风
陈燕平
吴旭
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Shenzhen Technology University
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Shenzhen Technology University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/0675Resonators including a grating structure, e.g. distributed Bragg reflectors [DBR] or distributed feedback [DFB] fibre lasers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/14Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
    • H01S3/16Solid materials
    • H01S3/1601Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion
    • H01S3/162Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion transition metal
    • H01S3/1625Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion transition metal titanium
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/14Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
    • H01S3/16Solid materials
    • H01S3/163Solid materials characterised by a crystal matrix

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the field of lasers, and provides an optical fiber laser, which comprises a pumping light source, a wavelength division multiplexer and a laser resonant cavity, wherein the wavelength division multiplexer comprises a light receiving end, a resonant cavity transmission end and a laser output end, the wavelength division multiplexer is used for receiving pumping light emitted by the pumping light source through the light receiving end, transmitting the pumping light into the laser resonant cavity through the resonant cavity transmission end and outputting laser generated in the laser resonant cavity from the laser output end, the laser resonant cavity comprises a perovskite crystal filling rod, a total reflection mirror and an optical fiber grating, a perovskite crystal material in the perovskite crystal filling rod absorbs the pumping light passing through the optical fiber grating and irradiates the laser, the total reflection mirror is used for reflecting the laser back into the laser resonant cavity to amplify light to generate laser in the visible light range, and the laser in the visible light range is output from the laser output end after wavelength tuning through the optical fiber grating. The fiber laser has the advantages of simple structure, good laser quality and adjustable wavelength.

Description

Optical fiber laser
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of lasers, and particularly relates to an optical fiber laser.
Background
Green light has wide application in biology, industry, printing, medical treatment, storage, display, military, and the like. For example, in medical treatment, green lasers are often used in surgery for myopia due to the fact that the human eye is most sensitive to light in the green spectrum, requiring short duration of action and low risk. In the aspect of optical storage, since the optical storage density is inversely proportional to the square of the wavelength of light, shortening the wavelength is an effective way to increase the optical storage density, and compared with the prior art of using infrared and near infrared bands, the optical storage density can be greatly increased by using green laser as a light source for optical storage. In the industrial aspect, the peak power of the green light pulse fiber laser is high, and the green light pulse fiber laser can be used in the fields of marking, welding, carving and the like. In military, green lasers can be used for laser guidance, laser air defense, etc. Current methods of generating green lasers generally include the following:
(1) The frequency up-conversion adopts pumping light with lower frequency to pump rare earth ions, and energy level transition of the rare earth ions is utilized to generate green laser with higher frequency, but the conversion efficiency is low and the controllability is poor.
(2) The semiconductor laser, which is composed of PN junction or PIN junction composed of semiconductor material with direct band gap, can directly emit green laser, but the power of the green laser is lower and the beam quality is worse.
The methods for generating green laser light have advantages and disadvantages, and have poor comprehensive performance, and a laser capable of generating laser light with tunable wavelength in a visible light range is lacking in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fiber laser with a simple and compact structure, and solves the technical problem that a laser capable of generating a laser with a tunable wavelength in a visible light range is lacking in the prior art.
The optical fiber laser provided by the invention comprises: a pump light source, a wavelength division multiplexer and a laser resonant cavity;
the wavelength division multiplexer comprises an optical receiving end, a resonant cavity transmission end and a laser output end;
the pump light source is connected from the light receiving end of the wavelength division multiplexer;
the wavelength division multiplexer is used for receiving the pump light emitted by the pump light source through the light receiving end, transmitting the pump light into the laser resonant cavity through the resonant cavity transmitting end, and outputting laser generated in the laser resonant cavity from the laser output end;
the laser resonator includes: the perovskite crystal filling rod, the total reflection mirror and the fiber bragg grating with tunable center wavelength are respectively arranged at two ends of the perovskite crystal filling rod, and the fiber bragg grating is arranged between the transmission end of the resonant cavity and the perovskite crystal filling rod;
the perovskite crystal material in the perovskite crystal filling rod absorbs pumping light passing through the fiber bragg grating and irradiates laser, the total reflection mirror is used for reflecting the laser back to the laser resonant cavity for optical amplification, laser in a visible light range is generated, and the laser in the visible light range is output from the laser output end after wavelength tuning is performed through the fiber bragg grating.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the perovskite crystal filling rod is used as a resonant cavity of the fiber laser, corresponding perovskite crystal materials are filled in the perovskite crystal filling rod to serve as gain media, when pump light emitted by a pumping light source is coupled through a wavelength division multiplexer and is transmitted into a laser resonant cavity through the fiber bragg grating, and because the perovskite crystal materials have absorption spectrum and emission spectrum of a visible light wave band, after the perovskite ions absorb the pump light, particle number inversion is realized, the inverted particles spontaneously transit from a high energy level to a ground state, and photons with the same quantity as electrons undergoing transition are radiated, so that laser light in a visible light wave band is formed. In addition, because the total reflection mirror and the fiber bragg grating limit photons, the excited photons are reflected back into the resonant cavity by the total reflection mirror and the fiber bragg grating to continuously induce stimulated emission, so that laser generated in the laser resonant cavity is continuously enhanced, more and more photons in a newly formed visible light wave band are accumulated along with time, the laser amplification of the laser in the laser resonant cavity is realized, and finally saturation is achieved, so that laser with stable power in the visible light wave band is formed in the laser resonant cavity, and therefore, the fiber laser provided by the invention has high conversion efficiency and good quality of the generated laser in the visible light range. Because the fiber grating partially transmits the laser energy of the visible light wave band, partial visible laser can be output from the fiber grating, the wavelength of the laser output from the fiber grating is tuned by tuning the center wavelength of the fiber grating, the controllability of the laser wavelength is improved, and finally the laser output with tunable wavelength in the visible light range is obtained.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber laser according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber laser according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
A first embodiment of the present invention provides a fiber laser, as shown in fig. 1, including: pump light source 100, wavelength division multiplexer 200, and laser resonator 300.
The wavelength division multiplexer 200 includes an optical receiving end, a resonant cavity transmitting end and a laser output end. The pump light source 100 is connected from a light receiving end of the wavelength division multiplexer 200, and the wavelength division multiplexer 200 is configured to receive pump light emitted from the pump light source 100 through the light receiving end thereof, to transmit the pump light into the laser resonator 300 through the resonator transmitting end, and to output laser light generated in the laser resonator 300 from the laser output end.
The laser resonant cavity 300 comprises a perovskite crystal filling rod 301, a total reflection mirror 303 and a fiber grating 302 with tunable central wavelength, wherein the total reflection mirror 303 and the fiber grating 302 are respectively arranged at two ends of the perovskite crystal filling rod 301, and the fiber grating 302 is arranged between a resonant cavity transmission end and the perovskite crystal filling rod 301. In practical applications, the fiber grating 302 is disposed at an end of the perovskite crystal filling rod 301 closer to the pump light source 100, and the total reflection mirror 303 is disposed at an end of the perovskite crystal filling rod 301 farther from the pump light source 100. The perovskite crystal material in the perovskite crystal filling rod 301 absorbs the pumping light passing through the fiber grating 302 and irradiates laser light, the total reflection mirror 303 is used for reflecting the laser light back into the laser resonant cavity 300 for optical amplification, and finally laser light in the visible light range is generated, and the laser light in the visible light range is output from the laser output end of the wavelength division multiplexer 200 after wavelength tuning through the fiber grating 302.
Preferably, the pump light source 100 adopts a semiconductor laser, and a tail fiber of the semiconductor laser is connected with the wavelength division multiplexer 200, so that most of pump light can enter the laser resonator 300 through coupling of the wavelength division multiplexer 200.
Next, by connecting the perovskite crystal filling rod 301 between the total reflection mirror 303 and the fiber grating 302, an optical cavity formed by the inner wall surface of the perovskite crystal filling rod 301 and the reflection surfaces of the total reflection mirror 303 and the fiber grating 302 together is used as the laser resonator 300, and the laser resonator 300 has strong confinement and reflection effects on light. The two cavity mirrors of the laser resonator 300, namely the total reflection mirror 303 and the fiber bragg grating 302 have different reflectivities, wherein the reflectivity of the total reflection mirror 303 to laser light in the visible light band is very high, the reflectivity of the fiber bragg grating 302 is relatively low, the fiber bragg grating 302 is fully transparent to pump light with a certain wavelength provided by the semiconductor laser in the embodiment, and is partially transparent to the visible laser light, and the tunable range of the center wavelength of the fiber bragg grating 302 is 400-800 nanometers (nm), namely, the wavelength in the visible light range is tunable. The perovskite crystal material filled in the perovskite crystal filling rod 301 may be used as a gain medium, and interact with the input pump light in the laser resonator 300 to generate laser light.
The pump light source 100 in this embodiment is a laser diode, which emits laser light with a wavelength of 365nm.
The working principle of the optical fiber laser provided by the embodiment is as follows: the pump light emitted by the pump light source 100 is input into the laser resonator 300 through the coupling of the wavelength division multiplexer 200, and enters the perovskite crystal filling rod 301 through the transmission action of the fiber grating 302, so that the perovskite crystal material filled in the perovskite crystal filling rod 301 is absorbed, and because the perovskite crystal material has the absorption spectrum and the emission spectrum of the visible light wave band, after the perovskite ions in the perovskite crystal material absorb the pump light, under the excitation action of the pump light, the particles of the perovskite crystal serving as a gain medium are pumped to the high energy level from the ground state energy level, so that the number of the particles at the upper energy level exceeds the number of the particles at the lower energy level, a particle number inversion state is formed, the inverted particles spontaneously transit from the high energy level to the ground state, and the same number of photons as the electrons at which the transition occur are radiated, and because the total reflection mirror 303 and the fiber grating 302 limit the photons, the excited photons are reflected back into the resonator by the total reflection mirror 303 and the fiber grating 302, the excited photons are continuously induced to be emitted by the laser, the laser generated in the laser resonator, the laser wave band is continuously enhanced, the particles at the time of the laser band are formed, the laser band is more and more stable, the laser band is formed, and the laser band is more stable, and the laser band is formed in the laser band. The fiber grating 302 can partially transmit the laser generated in the resonant cavity, the laser transmitted by the transmission part becomes available laser, and the laser reflected back to the resonant cavity continues to proliferate photons, so that the fiber laser provided by the invention has high conversion efficiency and good quality of the generated laser in the visible light range. And, by tuning the center wavelength of the fiber grating 302 to tune the wavelength of the laser light transmitted from the fiber grating 302, the controllability of the laser light wavelength is improved, and finally, the laser light tunable in wavelength in the visible light range (400-800 nm) is obtained, and the laser light tunable in wavelength in the visible light range is directly output through the wavelength division multiplexer 200.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the fiber laser further includes a fiber isolator 400. The optical fiber isolator 400 is connected to the laser output terminal of the wavelength division multiplexer 200 to ensure unidirectional transmission of the laser light output from the wavelength division multiplexer 200.
The wavelength division multiplexer 200 is connected between the pump light source 100 and the fiber grating 302, and has the function of improving the information transmission capacity, and transmitting optical signals with different wavelengths in different optical channels simultaneously by using one optical fiber without interference. In the embodiment of the present invention, the pump laser with 365nm wavelength is transmitted through the wavelength division multiplexer 200 and is input into the laser resonator through the fiber grating 302, and the laser with specific wavelength modulated by the fiber grating 302 is also output through the wavelength division multiplexer 200. The optical fiber isolator 400 in this embodiment may be a single-mode optical fiber structure, where the optical fiber isolator 400 is connected to the laser output end of the wavelength division multiplexer 200, so that the laser output from the wavelength division multiplexer 200 can only be transmitted unidirectionally along the output direction of the laser in the optical fiber path, and the influence of back reflection and scattering effects on the output stability of the laser is effectively prevented, or the feedback light is damaged after being input into the laser resonant cavity through the wavelength division multiplexer 200.
Further, the total reflection mirror 303 is mounted in an adapter 304, and the adapter 304 is connected to the perovskite crystal filling rod 301 through an optical fiber jumper 305.
In practice, the adapter 304 acts as a fixture for the total reflection mirror 303, and the combination of the adapter 304 and the fiber jumper 305 is used to couple the total reflection mirror 303 in the fiber optical path, so that the reflecting surface of the total reflection mirror 303 reflects the visible laser light transmitted by the fiber jumper 305 back into the laser resonator after receiving the visible laser light, and continues to interact with the perovskite crystal material. The optical fiber jumper 305 in this embodiment is preferably a photonic crystal optical fiber jumper, and is used for total reflection of the total reflection mirror 303 in the laser resonant cavity to visible laser, and has the advantages of small reflection loss, high surface optical quality, capability of avoiding wave front distortion, reducing the beam quality, bearing high light intensity, high damage threshold, and capability of avoiding laser induced damage, and generally adopts a multilayer dielectric mirror structure (for example, a quarter-wavelength mirror) as a mirror of a laser.
Further, the perovskite crystal filling rod 301 is a capillary glass tube filled with perovskite crystal material by vacuum pumping inside. The two ends of the capillary glass tube are respectively welded with the optical fiber jumper 305 and the optical fiber grating 302.
The perovskite crystal material is a crystal prepared by combining Ca O, tiO2 and other chemical components, and the gain medium with the ultraviolet band absorptivity of more than 80% can be obtained by changing the concentration of specific ions in the perovskite crystal in practical application. After the perovskite ions in the perovskite crystal absorb the pumping light, electrons of the perovskite ions are excited to a higher excitation energy level, so that the population inversion is realized, and therefore, when the high-energy-level particle transition returns to a low energy level, the radiation generates laser, and the excitation photons are continuously reflected back into the laser resonant cavity by the total reflection mirror 303 and the fiber bragg grating 302, so that the laser amplification is realized.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the perovskite crystal filling rod 301 is prepared by:
firstly, placing a capillary glass tube in a closed space, vacuumizing the closed space by a vacuum pump, pumping perovskite crystal material into the closed space, and uniformly introducing the perovskite crystal material into the capillary glass tube, wherein the inner diameter of the capillary glass tube is small and is generally 0.02-9 mm, and the perovskite crystal material is molded in the capillary glass tube, so that the preparation of the perovskite crystal filling rod 301 is completed.
In the embodiment of the invention, the total reflection mirror 303 installed in the adapter 304 is connected with the perovskite crystal filling rod 301 through the optical fiber jumper 305, meanwhile, under the protection of inert gas (nitrogen and the like), the perovskite crystal filling rod 301 is respectively welded with the optical fiber jumper 305 and the optical fiber grating 302 in a glove box by using an optical fiber welding machine, an optical fiber cutting knife and other devices, the wavelength division multiplexer 200 is welded with the optical fiber grating 302 and the optical fiber isolator 400 in an interface, finally, the built laser is placed on an optical platform, the pumping light source 100, in the embodiment, the 365nm semiconductor laser is connected to the pumping end of the wavelength division multiplexer 200 by using the optical fiber welding machine, and the laser with the all-optical fiber structure is formed by building an all-optical fiber path, so that the optical fiber laser provided by the embodiment is simple and compact in structure.
In the embodiment of the invention, the fiber laser converts the wavelength of the pump light into the light with the specific wavelength and outputs the light in the form of laser, and the single-mode laser with the center wavelength in the range of 400-800nm can be directly output by tuning the center wavelength of the fiber grating to tune the wavelength of the laser transmitted from the fiber grating.
The foregoing description of the embodiments of the present invention provides those skilled in the art with the benefit of this disclosure, and it is intended that all changes, modifications, equivalents, and improvements made within the spirit and scope of the present invention are within the scope of the invention. The description is not to be taken as limiting the invention.

Claims (5)

1. A fiber laser, the fiber laser comprising: a pump light source, a wavelength division multiplexer and a laser resonant cavity;
the wavelength division multiplexer comprises an optical receiving end, a resonant cavity transmission end and a laser output end;
the pump light source is connected from the light receiving end of the wavelength division multiplexer;
the wavelength division multiplexer is used for receiving the pump light emitted by the pump light source through the light receiving end, transmitting the pump light into the laser resonant cavity through the resonant cavity transmitting end, and outputting laser generated in the laser resonant cavity from the laser output end;
the laser resonant cavity comprises a perovskite crystal filling rod, a total reflection mirror and a fiber bragg grating with tunable center wavelength, wherein the total reflection mirror and the fiber bragg grating are respectively arranged at two ends of the perovskite crystal filling rod, and the fiber bragg grating is arranged between a transmission end of the resonant cavity and the perovskite crystal filling rod;
the perovskite crystal material in the perovskite crystal filling rod absorbs pumping light passing through the fiber bragg grating and irradiates laser, the total reflection mirror is used for reflecting the laser back to the laser resonant cavity for optical amplification, laser in a visible light range is generated, and the laser in the visible light range is output from the laser output end after wavelength tuning is performed through the fiber bragg grating;
the fiber grating is fully transparent to pump light with a certain wavelength provided by the pump light source and partially transparent to visible laser, and the tunable range of the center wavelength of the fiber grating is 400-800 nanometers.
2. The fiber laser of claim 1, wherein the pump light source is a laser diode.
3. The fiber laser of claim 1, wherein the fiber laser further comprises a fiber isolator;
the optical fiber isolator is connected with the laser output end of the wavelength division multiplexer so as to ensure unidirectional transmission of laser output from the wavelength division multiplexer.
4. The fiber laser of claim 1, wherein the total reflection mirror is mounted in an adapter that is connected to the perovskite crystal filler rod by a fiber jumper.
5. The fiber laser of claim 4, wherein the perovskite crystal filling rod is a capillary glass tube filled with perovskite crystal material by vacuum pumping;
and two ends of the capillary glass tube are respectively welded with the optical fiber jumper and the optical fiber grating.
CN201811376315.0A 2018-11-19 2018-11-19 Optical fiber laser Active CN109193324B (en)

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US4377864A (en) * 1981-08-10 1983-03-22 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Chromium (III) ordered perovskite lasers and media therefor
CN101859975A (en) * 2010-06-12 2010-10-13 徐州师范大学 Dual-wavelength tunable thulium-doped fiber laser
CN202260115U (en) * 2011-10-28 2012-05-30 李国玉 Linear tunable short straight cavity optical fiber laser
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TWI509923B (en) * 2013-05-20 2015-11-21 Nat Univ Tsing Hua Fiber laser
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US4377864A (en) * 1981-08-10 1983-03-22 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Chromium (III) ordered perovskite lasers and media therefor
CN101859975A (en) * 2010-06-12 2010-10-13 徐州师范大学 Dual-wavelength tunable thulium-doped fiber laser
CN202260115U (en) * 2011-10-28 2012-05-30 李国玉 Linear tunable short straight cavity optical fiber laser
CN106299985A (en) * 2016-09-21 2017-01-04 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 1.7 mu m all-fiber thulium-doped quartz fiber laser based on bidirectional pumping structure
CN108390247A (en) * 2018-01-31 2018-08-10 北京理工大学 LED-pumped perovskite quantum dot continuous laser
CN209133829U (en) * 2018-11-19 2019-07-19 深圳技术大学(筹) a fiber laser

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