CN109188016A - Oil-gas-water three-phase flow split-phase flow velocity acoustic-electric bimodal measurement method - Google Patents
Oil-gas-water three-phase flow split-phase flow velocity acoustic-electric bimodal measurement method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种油气水三相流分相流速声电双模态测量方法，包含如下步骤：针对油气水三相水基‑分散流，利用电学传感器采集水相含率信号，利用连续波超声传感器采集多普勒频移信号；根据去噪后的电学传感器的水相含率测量数据，结合特征提取与分类算法实现油气水三相流流型的识别；提取水相含率信号的局部波动特性；利用集合经验模态分解，对连续波超声多普勒频移信号进行分解并选取主分量；采用超声电学联合分析的方法，获得不同流型下水相含率和多普勒频移信号中不同波动尺度的之间的对应关系；对不同流型下、反映分相流速信息的相应本征模态函数进行快速傅里叶变换并计算平均多普勒频移，根据多普勒效应的基本原理，计算分相流速。
The invention relates to a method for measuring the split-phase flow velocity of oil, gas and water three-phase flow, which comprises the following steps: for the three-phase water-based-dispersed flow of oil, gas and water, an electrical sensor is used to collect a water phase holdup signal, and a continuous wave ultrasonic The sensor collects the Doppler frequency shift signal; according to the water phase holdup measurement data of the de-noised electrical sensor, combined with feature extraction and classification algorithms to realize the identification of the three-phase flow pattern of oil, gas and water; extract the local fluctuation of the water phase holdup signal characteristics; using ensemble empirical mode decomposition to decompose the continuous wave ultrasonic Doppler frequency shift signal and select the principal component; using the method of ultrasonic-electrical joint analysis to obtain the water phase holdup and Doppler frequency shift signal under different flow patterns Correspondence between different fluctuation scales; fast Fourier transform is performed on the corresponding eigenmode functions reflecting the information of the split-phase flow velocity under different flow patterns, and the average Doppler frequency shift is calculated. According to the basic Doppler effect The principle is to calculate the split-phase flow rate.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fluid measurement technical field, it is related to a kind of ultrasonic sensor and electric sensor combined type measurement side
Method, the non-disturbance formula for three-phase flow split-phase flow velocity measure.
Technical background
Oil-gas-water three-phase flow is three groups of shuntings in gas/liquid/liquid three-phase fluid, it is widely present in the exploitation and fortune of petroleum
During defeated.In recent years, oil field enters high water-cut stage, oil-gas-water three-phase flow mostly using water as continuous phase, oil droplet and bubble as from
Dephasing flows together with continuous phase.Become the hot issue of multiphase flow area research to the measurement of its flow parameter, especially
The measurement of phase content, flow velocity is of great significance for the accurate estimation and the guarantee of production safety of yield.However and single-phase flow
It compares, complicated interaction and relative motion characteristic cause its fluidal texture sufficiently complex between three-phase, and flow pattern is complicated and changeable, right
The accurate acquisition of flow parameter brings huge challenge.
It is varied for the measurement method of multiphase flow procedure parameter.In traditional measurement method, single-phase instrument is mostly used
Table complete process parameter directly acquires, explicit physical meaning.For example than more typical example turbine flowmeter, differential pressure flowmeter,
Vortex-shedding meter etc., but these methods belong to intrusive measurement more, can produce to flow process while obtaining flow parameter
Raw disturbance, influences fluidal texture and reduces measurement accuracy.Therefore, in scientific research and industrial processes, using non-intruding
The method of formula is completed to be of great significance to the accurate acquisition of multiphase flow procedure parameter.Some emerging measurement methods, such as electricity
Method, ultrasonic method, microwave method, laser method etc. are gradually applied in multiphase flow measurement.Wherein electric method and ultrasonic method have non-intruding,
Sensor structure is simple, easy for installation, low in cost and is concerned.
Electricity phase content measurement method by measurement fluid-mixing electrical parameter indirect gain fluid mutually distribution according to
The difference of sensor structure, shape and energisation mode is divided into annular photoconductive array, conducting probe, electricity process tomographic imaging etc.
Method.Wherein conductance method is based on annular electro impedance measuring sensor, is a kind of common phase content measurement method, has non-disturb
Dynamic, the radiationless, advantages such as response is fast.It is the mixture using conducting medium as continuous phase that it, which requires measurand,.It is by swashing
It encourages the electrode driving voltage constant to upper application and establishes electricity sensitivity field, it is sensitive when the phase content of detected fluid changes
The impedance operator of field changes therewith, realizes the survey of detected fluid phase content to upper potential difference by obtaining measuring electrode
Amount, is widely used in multiphase flow measurement.
Phenomena such as reflection, refraction, scattering occur when method for measuring ultrasonic flow speed is propagated in a fluid by ultrasound convection current
The flow velocity of body measures, and has that non-disturbance, sensor structure be simple, the advantages such as low in cost.According to different measuring principles,
It is broadly divided into correlation method, time difference method, Doppler method etc..Time difference method is flowed using the spread speed of ultrasonic wave in a fluid and fluid
The measurement of the relational implementation flow of speed is chiefly used in the higher situation of discrete phase content.Correlation method using fluid noise signal from
One sensor passes to the acquisition for the transition time used when another sensor realizing flow, it is based on cross correlation algorithm, fits
For multiple fluid, but the physics practical significance of cross-correlation flow velocity is also and indefinite up to now.Doppler method utilizes ultrasound
Doppler effect realize the measurement to the flow velocity of discrete phase, explicit physical meaning.Ultrasonic wave is emitted by ultrasonic transducer
Fluid is received after the reflection or scattering of the discrete phase (drop or bubble) moved in heterogeneous fluid by ultrasonic transducer.Root
According to Doppler effect, incident acoustic wave and the average flowing speed for receiving frequency difference and discrete phase scattering particles in measured zone between sound wave
It spends directly proportional.It mainly include that how general pulsed wave ultrasound Doppler method and continuous wave ultrasound be when ultrasonic Doppler is measured for flow velocity
Le method.Pulsed wave ultrasound wave Doppler method is intermittent in the form of a pulse to emit ultrasonic wave into fluid, and between each pulse
Every being received in the time to acoustical signal, there is range gating ability, the position of scatterer can be obtained while obtaining flow velocity
Confidence breath.But due to how the limitation of Gui this special sample frequency, farthest measure distance and maximum detection flow velocity be limited.Continuous wave
Doppler technology continuously emits and receives ultrasonic wave, generally there is a fixed measured zone, can obtain scattering in measured zone
The mean flow rate of particle, sensor structure is generally relatively simple, and cost is relatively low, and the limitation without maximum detection flow velocity.Continuous wave
When ultrasonic Doppler technique is measured for oil-gas-water three-phase flow flow velocity, discrete phase includes drop and bubble, in flow process
Can reflection and scattering process occur to ultrasound.And because the slippage between gas phase and liquid phase be can not ignore, drop is gentle
Doppler frequency shift caused by steeping is different.Therefore doppler shifted signal is that have scatterer different in flow rate to super on different location
The superposition of acoustical Doppler effect is a kind of sophisticated signal comprising the fluctuation of multi-frequency scale, the fluctuation of some of them dimensions in frequency
Reflect out of phase flow rate information.So electric sensor and continuous wave ultrasound doppler sensor are applied in combination, obtain
The water phase content and flow rate information of oil-gas-water three-phase flow.By the foundation of Time-Frequency Analysis Method and model, oil gas water three phase is realized
The acquisition of flow point phase flow velocity.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is utilizing multi-sensor information, a kind of accurate, non-turbulent oil gas water three phase flow point is provided
Phase flow velocity extracting method.Sensor of the invention and measurement method are to combine ultrasonic Doppler sensor and electric sensor,
It is respectively used to obtain the flow velocity and water phase content information of oil-gas-water three-phase flow.Using signal processing technology to multi-source information at
Reason: to water phase content data carry out feature extraction and combining classification algorithm can realize oil-gas-water three-phase flow flow characteristics analysis and
The correct identification of flow pattern is carried out set empirical mode decomposition to ultrasonic doppler measurements data on this basis and is joined using acoustic-electric
The method for closing analysis can realize that the unperturbed dynamic formula of the split-phase flow velocity of oil gas water under different flow patterns accurately obtains.Technical side of the invention
Case is as follows:
A kind of oil-gas-water three-phase flow split-phase flow velocity acoustic-electric bimodal measurement method, using a twin crystal ultrasonic transducer and electricity
Learn sensor；The twin crystal ultrasonic transducer is for obtaining ultrasonic Doppler frequency shift signal, using the structure that transceiver is ipsilateral,
Inside is respectively used to receive and emit ultrasonic wave, the twin crystal comprising receiving piezoelectric ceramic wafer and transmitting piezoelectric ceramic chip
Ultrasonic transducer is installed in horizontal pipe bottom and guarantees that with the angle of horizontal direction be θ；The electric sensor is for obtaining
Water intaking phase content signal, is installed in horizontal pipe simultaneously with ultrasonic transducer；Measurement method comprises the following steps:
1) for oil gas water three phase it is water base-dispersion stream, using electric sensor acquire water phase content signal H (t), t ∈ (0,
T), doppler shifted signal f is acquired using continuous wave ultrasound sensord(t), (0, T) t ∈, wherein T is the sampling time, and is gone
Except the high-frequency noise in two signals；
2) according to the water phase content measurement data of the electric sensor after denoising, binding characteristic is extracted to be realized with sorting algorithm
The identification of oil-gas-water three-phase flow flow pattern；
3) it extracts the localised waving characteristic of water phase content signal: the water phase content signal under different flow patterns being carried out continuous small
Wave conversion is obtained in the continuous wave wavelet conversion coefficient to dimensioning a and given time bWith the local wavelet energy coefficient of calculatingWherein ψ (t) is
Mother wavelet function, using Daubechies4 small echo, out to out 500；When m- scale axis plot part wavelet energy system
Number spectrogram obtains the localised waving characteristic of water phase content signal；
4) using set empirical mode decomposition, continuous wave ultrasound doppler shifted signal is decomposed and chooses main point
Amount: using the method for set empirical mode decomposition, by DOPPLER ULTRASOUND SIGNAL fd(t), t ∈ (0, T) is decomposed into several step by step
Levy mode function IMFj(t) (j=1,2 ..., n) and trend function rn(t) sum:Wherein n
To decompose obtained intrinsic mode function number, preceding 3 grades of intrinsic mode function IMF are choseni(t) (i=1,2,3) is mentioned as flow velocity
The principal component taken；
5) according to step 3), 4) in decomposition result obtained under different flow patterns using the method for ultrasonic electric Conjoint Analysis
Corresponding relationship in water phase content and doppler shifted signal between different Fluctuation Scales, and the principal component obtained in step 4)
The middle extraction chosen different component and be used for split-phase flow velocity, for water base-dispersion-bubble flow and water base-dispersion-slug flow, with
Large scale, i.e. scale > 50 in the local wavelet energy coefficient spectrogram of water phase content signal, wave component there is the corresponding relationship to be
The first order intrinsic mode function IMF that doppler shifted signal decomposes1(t), it is high fdrequency component and has in time
Discontinuity reflects the velocity information for being interrupted the discrete phase bubble of appearance in flow process；And it is small with the part of water phase content signal
It is that doppler shifted signal decomposes to obtain that the wave component of wave energy coefficient spectrogram Small and Medium Sized (scale < 50), which has corresponding relationship,
The second level and third level intrinsic mode function IMF2(t)&IMF3(t), they are low frequency component and have in time continuous
Property, reflect the velocity information of fully decentralized oil droplet in flow process；For water base-dispersion-plug-like stream, believe with water phase content
Number local wavelet energy coefficient spectrogram in large scale, i.e. scale > 50, wave component to have corresponding relationship be Doppler frequency shift
The first order and second level intrinsic mode function IMF that signal decomposition obtains1(t)&IMF2(t), they are high fdrequency components and in the time
It is upper that there is discontinuity, reflect the velocity information for being interrupted the discrete phase vent plug of appearance in flow process；And with water phase content signal
Local wavelet energy coefficient spectrogram Small and Medium Sized, i.e. scale < 50, wave component to have corresponding relationship be Doppler frequency shift letter
Number decompose obtained third level intrinsic mode function IMF3(t), it is low frequency component and has continuity in time, reflects
The velocity information of fully decentralized oil droplet in flow process.
6) under different flow patterns, reflection split-phase flow rate information corresponding intrinsic mode function carry out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) simultaneously
Average Doppler frequency shift is calculated, according to the basic principle of Doppler effect, calculates split-phase flow velocity: for water base-dispersion-bubble flow
With water base-dispersion-slug flow, the average true flow velocity of gas phase are as follows:The average true flow velocity of drop isFor water base-dispersion-plug-like stream, the average true flow velocity of gas phase isDrop
Average true flow velocity are as follows:Wherein f0For the driving frequency of ultrasonic wave transmitting probe, θ is ultrasonic wave acoustic beam direction
With the angle of horizontal direction, c is the velocity of sound in fluid,To utilize the fast of different intrinsic mode functions
The average Doppler frequency shift that fast Fourier transformation obtains, Sd*(fd*) it is corresponding to frequency displacement fd*Doppler spectral intensity, * is step
5) reflect the corresponding principal component of split-phase flow rate information under the different flow patterns determined in.
Substantive distinguishing features of the invention are: oil gas water three phase is water base-dispersion stream in, discrete phase includes oil droplet and bubble, and
It will form different flow patterns according to the relationship between different gas-liquids.Under different flow patterns, different discrete phases are due to flowing over
There is the difference of distribution and size, the wave that water phase content can be caused different in journey.Mutually containing based on electricity sensitivity principle
Rate information detection technology can accurately obtain the volatility series of water phase content when the phase content of detected fluid is distributed and changes.Base
In ultrasonic Doppler effect, can occur in oil droplet and bubble surface when continuous wave ultrasound signal is propagated in oil-gas-water three-phase flow
Reflection and scattering phenomenon, and because the slippage between gas phase and liquid phase be can not ignore, so drop it is gentle steep oneself-meeting cause it is different more
General Le frequency displacement.Therefore doppler shifted signal is a kind of sophisticated signal comprising the fluctuation of multi-frequency scale, some of them frequency ruler
The fluctuation of degree reflects out of phase flow rate information.Therefore, by electricity phase content measurement sensor and continuous wave ultrasound Doppler
Sensor combines-dispersion stream water base to oil gas water three phase and measures: the fluctuation of water phase content is obtained using electric sensor
Time series obtains local wavelet energy coefficient spectrogram using continuous wavelet transform technology, obtains the part of water phase content signal
Wave characteristic, and binding characteristic is extracted and the identification of classification and identification algorithm realization three-phase flow flow pattern；It is how general using continuous wave ultrasound
It strangles sensor and obtains doppler shifted signal, and the signal is decomposed based on set empirical mode decomposition and is able to reflect
The principal component of split-phase flow velocity；Electricity and ultrasonic signal are subjected to Conjoint Analysis, determining under different flow patterns can reflect in principal component
The component of different discrete phase flowing informations, and the average how general of respective component is calculated by the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to principal component
Strangle frequency displacement, the final acquisition for realizing split-phase flow velocity.Beneficial effects of the present invention and advantage are as follows:
1. this method is non-disturbance formula measurement means, any disturbance will not be generated to fluid；
2. this method can be obtained using the measurement method of electricity, ultrasonic double-mode state to flow process a more complete description；
3. this method uses ultrasonic electric Conjoint Analysis, can accurately be extracted from continuous wave ultrasound doppler shifted signal
The split-phase flow velocity of oil-gas-water three-phase flow, it is simple and easy；
4. this method measurement is convenient, speed is fast, at low cost.
Detailed description of the invention
The following drawings describes the selected embodiment of the present invention, is exemplary diagram and non exhaustive or restricted, in which:
Ultrasound and electricity bimodal measuring system structural schematic diagram in measurement method Fig. 1 of the invention；
Ultrasonic Doppler sensor structure schematic diagram in measurement method Fig. 2 of the invention；
Conductance ring sensor structure schematic diagram in measurement method Fig. 3 of the invention；
Gather empirical mode decomposition flow chart in measurement method Fig. 4 of the invention；
The calculating step of oil-gas-water three-phase flow split-phase flow velocity in measurement method Fig. 5 of the invention；
Fig. 6 liquid phase apparent velocity verification result；
Fig. 7 gas phase apparent velocity verification result；
The total apparent velocity verification result of Fig. 8.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to the instruction sheet embodiment that the present invention will be described in detail.
Fig. 1 is ultrasound and electricity bimodal measuring system structural schematic diagram in measurement method of the invention.The electricity passes
Sensor is illustrated by taking conductance ring sensor as an example.The measuring system is by being installed on the one group of electric sensor tested on pipeline section 1
Array 2 and coupled electrical signal occur and acquisition unit 4, one group of ultrasonic sensor array 3 and coupled
Ultrasonic signal occurs to constitute with acquisition unit 6.Electric sensor array 2 is embedded in the ring of inner wall of the pipe by four at certain intervals
Shape metal electrode composition；Ultrasonic sensor array 3 is installed on the twin crystal ultrasonic wave transducer of the ipsilateral transceiver of pipeline by one group
Device composition.(installation is suitable for installation at certain intervals on tested pipeline 1 with ultrasonic sensor array 3 for the electric sensor array 2
Sequence is unlimited) one dual-modality sensor array of composition, it works at the same time.When measured stream multiphase flow enters measured tube from direction of flow 0
When road, electric sensor array 2 is fluctuated by the water phase content that reflection detected fluid occurs to obtain with acquisition unit 4 for electrical signal
The measurement data of information, by the data be sent into phase content data processing unit 5 carry out data processing complete analysis of flow characteristics with
Flow Regime Ecognition；The flow velocity that reflection detected fluid is obtained with acquisition unit 6 occurs by ultrasonic signal for ultrasonic sensor array 3 simultaneously
It is complete to be sent into the progress data processing of doppler shift data processing unit 7 by the measurement data of the Doppler frequency shift of information for the data
At the decomposition of Fluctuation Scales different in data；Analysis of flow characteristics described above and Flow Regime Ecognition result and frequency-shift data are decomposed
As a result it is sent into the acquisition that split-phase flow relocity calculation unit 8 completes the split-phase flow velocity of oil-gas-water three-phase flow.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of ultrasonic Doppler sensor in measurement method of the invention.Surpass used in the invention patent
Sound doppler transducer is the twin crystal ultrasonic transducer of ipsilateral transceiver, and internal includes a transmitting piezoelectric ceramic chip 3a
With a reception piezoelectric ceramic wafer 3b, it is respectively attached on acoustic-electric coupling material 3c and 3d.Acoustic-electric coupling material 3c and 3d is straight
It connects and is contacted with detected fluid 2, and with angle theta between test pipeline 10Installation makes ultrasonic beam access and detected fluid 2
It flows direction 0 and keeps angle theta.It joined sound insulating material 4 between acoustic-electric the coupling material 3c and 3d to prevent transmitting and reception sound
Interference is generated between wave.The twin crystal ultrasonic transducer is installed on the bottom of test pipeline 1.Transmitting piezoelectric ceramic chip 3a hair
Penetrate ultrasonic wave, sound wave is propagated in fluid 2, receive measurement space 5 in discrete phase (bubble 6, drop 7) reflection and scattering after by
Piezoelectric ceramic wafer 3b is received to receive.It receives sound wave and emits the flow velocity of fluid in the frequency difference reflection measurement space 5 between sound wave
Information.
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of conductance ring sensor in measurement method of the invention.The electric sensor is by four
Circular metal electrode (1,2,3,4) is axially aligned and is embedded in inner wall of the pipe 0 and forms, and wherein electrode 1 and electrode 4 are excitation
For electrode to for generating stable electricity sensitivity field therebetween, electrode 2 and electrode 3 are measuring electrode to for measuring electricity therebetween
Potential difference.Using the working method of current excitation voltage measurement, by injecting constant square-wave excitation current into electrode 1 and will be electric
Pole 4 is grounded, and stable electricity sensitivity field can be formed among electrode 1 and 4.The medium phase content when detected fluid flows through sensitivity field
And distribution changes the potential difference between electrode 2 and electrode 3 can be caused accordingly to change, it can be real by measuring the potential difference
The measurement of existing fluid water phase content.
Fig. 4 is set empirical mode decomposition flow chart used in measurement method of the invention.Gathering empirical mode decomposition is
It is proposed to solve the problems, such as the modal overlap in Conventional wisdom mode decomposition, main thought is more to some classification in statistics
The accuracy of measurement can be improved in the secondary average value sought that measures.Set empirical mode decomposition passes through in signal x (t) to be decomposed
The different white noise ω of m group is repeatedly addedi(t), (i=1,2 ..., m) the different composite signal X of composition m groupi(t), (i=1,
2 ..., m), then empirical mode decomposition is carried out to every group of composite signal.Empirical mode decomposition is by the process of screening by the above institute
The composite signal X statedi(t), (i=1,2 ..., m) present in the fluctuation of different scale separate step by step, generating a series of has
The intrinsic mode functions IMF of different scaleij, (i=1,2 ..., m；J=1,2 ..., n), until remaining value sequence rinIt (t) is single
Letter of transfer number stops decomposing, and wherein n is to decompose the intrinsic mode function number generated every time.Finally the whole gamut of experience mode decomposition is obtained
The intrinsic mode function component of each group arrived is averaging the intrinsic mode function as set empirical mode decomposition
Fig. 5 is the calculating steps flow chart that present invention ultrasound obtains oil-gas-water three-phase flow split-phase flow velocity with electricity combination sensor
Figure.For oil gas water three phase it is water base-dispersion stream, electricity of the invention, ultrasound data conjoint analysis method obtain split-phase flow velocity
Steps are as follows for calculating:
Step 1: acquiring the water phase content signal H (t) of electric sensor, Doppler's frequency of t ∈ (0, T) and ultrasonic sensor
Shifting signal fd(t), (0, T) t ∈, and the high-frequency noise (denoising method is unlimited) in two signals is removed, when wherein T is sampling
Between；
Step 2: according to the electric sensor water phase content measurement data after denoising, binding characteristic is extracted real with sorting algorithm
The identification of existing oil-gas-water three-phase flow flow pattern (water base-dispersion-bubble flow, water base-dispersion-plug-like stream, water base-dispersion-slug flow)；
The general step of Flow Regime Ecognition are as follows: be able to reflect the spy of variations in flow patterns feature by extracting from measurement data first
Value indicative, such as statistical method, Time-Frequency Analysis Method, nonlinear analysis method；Then support vector machines, artificial neural network are utilized
Etc. sorting algorithms characteristic value is subjected to classification identification.By taking Continuous Wavelet Transform as an example, first to the water phase content after denoising
Measurement data H (t) carries out continuous wavelet transform (morther wavelet is Daubechies4 small echo, out to out 500):
Wherein wa,bFor in the Continuous Wavelet Transform Coefficients for giving dimensioning a and given time b, ψ (t) is mother wavelet function.By
Water phase content wave characteristic under different flow patterns is different, therefore m- small echo-energy spectrum parameter when calculating:
The parameter is able to reflect water phase content sequence along the energy variation of time shaft.The mean value and variance for calculating E (b) can
Feature as Flow Regime Ecognition inputs trained artificial neural network, and achievable oil gas water three phase is water base-dispersion stream exemplary flow
The identification of type.
Step 3: water phase content sequence being handled using Time-frequency Decomposition and the method for feature extraction, obtains different flow patterns
Under water phase content signal in the localised waving characteristic as caused by different discrete phases；
Oil gas water three phase is water base-dispersion stream in, discrete phase includes oil droplet and bubble.Since different discrete phases are in flow process
In discreteness and size difference: the size of discrete phase oil droplet is less than the size of discrete phase bubble, and oil droplet is thoroughly dispersed in
It is flowed together in water with water phase, and bubble interruption occurs, this wave that water phase content can be caused different.Using when frequency division
The method of solution decomposes the wave characteristic of the water phase content measurement data of the electric sensor after denoising, in combination with feature
The method of parameter extraction can determine the different wave characteristics of the water phase content as caused by different discrete phases, to disclose flow process
The flow behavior of middle difference discrete phase.By taking continuous wavelet transform as an example, water is calculated on the basis of continuous wavelet transform in step 2
Phase content signal is in the local wavelet energy coefficient for giving dimensioning a and given time b:
Local wavelet energy coefficient can be used for reflecting signal to dimensioning and when the fluctuating range inscribed, when m- ruler
The localised waving characteristic of the available water phase content signal of degree axis plot part wavelet energy coefficient spectrogram: large scale (scale >
50) wave component mainly reflects the low frequency fluctuation of water phase content caused by discrete phase bubble, small scale (scale < 50)
Wave component mainly reflect the high frequency fuctuation within a narrow range of water phase content caused by discrete phase oil droplet.
Step 4: using set empirical mode decomposition, continuous wave ultrasound doppler shifted signal being decomposed；
Based on the method for set empirical mode decomposition, by the process of screening by DOPPLER ULTRASOUND SIGNAL fd(t),t∈(0,
T it) is decomposed into several intrinsic mode function IMF step by stepj(t) (j=1,2 ..., n) and trend function rn(t) sum:
Wherein n is to decompose obtained intrinsic mode function number.Under normal conditions, the component obtained by screening process
In, it is most important component that the big high fdrequency component of energy, which has usually contained most significant, most important information in signal,.Therefore it selects
Take preceding 3 grades of intrinsic mode function IMFi(t) principal component that (i=1,2,3) is extracted as flow velocity；
Step 5: according to Flow Regime Ecognition result and decomposition result, using ultrasonic electric Conjoint Analysis, dividing under different flow patterns
Calculating of the different principal components for split-phase flow velocity is not chosen.
1) method for using ultrasonic electric Conjoint Analysis, obtains different flow patterns and is lauched in phase content and doppler shifted signal
Corresponding relationship between different Fluctuation Scales, and different components is chosen for split-phase stream in the principal component that step 4 obtains
The extraction of speed.Local wavelet energy for water base-dispersion-bubble flow and water base-dispersion-slug flow, with water phase content signal
It is the first order eigen mode that doppler shifted signal decomposes that the wave component of large scale, which has corresponding relationship, in coefficient spectrogram
State function IMF1(t), it is high fdrequency component and has discontinuity in time, reflects and is interrupted the discrete of appearance in flow process
The velocity information of phase bubble；And have pair with the wave component of the local wavelet energy coefficient spectrogram Small and Medium Sized of water phase content signal
Should be related to be the second level and third level intrinsic mode function IMF that doppler shifted signal decomposes2(t)&IMF3(t), it
Be low frequency component and in time have continuity, reflect the velocity information of fully decentralized oil droplet in flow process.It is right
The wave component of large scale has pair in water base-dispersion-plug-like stream, with the local wavelet energy coefficient spectrogram of water phase content signal
Should be related to be the first order and second level intrinsic mode function IMF that doppler shifted signal decomposes1(t)&IMF2(t), it
Be high fdrequency component and in time have discontinuity, reflect be interrupted in flow process the discrete phase vent plug of appearance speed letter
Breath；And how general have corresponding relationship with the wave component of the local wavelet energy coefficient spectrogram Small and Medium Sized of water phase content signal is
Strangle the third level intrinsic mode function IMF that frequency shift signal decomposes3(t), it is low frequency component and has in time continuous
Property, reflect the velocity information of fully decentralized oil droplet in flow process.
2) under different flow patterns, reflection split-phase flow rate information corresponding intrinsic mode function carry out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) simultaneously
It calculates average Doppler frequency shift: the Doppler in Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and sampling time is carried out to first order intrinsic mode function
Average frequency shift:The adduction of the first order and second level intrinsic mode function component is carried out quick
Fourier transformation simultaneously calculates Doppler's average frequency shift in the sampling time:To the second level
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is carried out with the adduction of third level intrinsic mode function component and calculates the Doppler in liquid film time range
Average frequency shiftFast Fourier Transform (FFT) is carried out to third level intrinsic mode function and is sampled
Doppler's average frequency shift in time:Wherein fd1, fd2, fd3, fd4Respectively IMF1(t),
IMF1(t)+IMF2(t), IMF2(t)+IMF3(t), IMF3(t) corresponding Doppler frequency shift, Sd1(fd1), Sd2(fd2), Sd3(fd3),
Sd4(fd4) be respectively its corresponding Doppler frequency shift energy spectral intensity.
3) according to the basic principle of Doppler effect, split-phase flow velocity is calculated: for water base-dispersion-bubble flow and water base-point
Dissipate-slug flow, the average true flow velocity of gas phase are as follows:The average true flow velocity of drop isFor water base-dispersion-plug-like stream, the average true flow velocity of gas phase isDrop
Average true flow velocity are as follows:Wherein f0For the driving frequency of ultrasonic wave transmitting probe, θ is ultrasonic wave acoustic beam direction
With the angle of horizontal direction, c is the velocity of sound in fluid,Be the 2 of step 5) in using different intrinsic mode functions quick Fu in
The average Doppler frequency shift that leaf transformation obtains, * be step 5 1) in determine different flow patterns under reflect split-phase flow rate information phase
The principal component answered.
Experimental verification is as follows:
Dynamic experiment is completed on oil-gas-water three-phase flow experimental provision.The fluid-transporting tubing of experimental provision is internal diameter 50mm
Stainless steel tube, multiphase inflow entrance to outlet distance be about 16.6m.Electricity and ultrasonic combination sensor are installed on apart from multiphase flow
The test pipeline section of entrance about 13m, so that flow pattern sufficiently develops.Meanwhile be equipped on test pipeline section pressure gauge and thermometer so as to
Working condition is recorded, video camera is for observing and recording flow pattern.In experiment fluid used be respectively tap water (density 998kg/m3,
1.01 × 10-3Pas of dynamic viscosity), 15# technical white oil (density 790kg/m3,3.9 × 10-2Pas of dynamic viscosity) and dry
Dry air (density 1.2kg/m3,1.81 × 10-5Pas of dynamic viscosity).It is each mutually real in inlet by a T-type mixer
Now mixing is simultaneously measured by the single-phase flowmeter of standard to each phase flow rate is carried out before mixing.By changing out of phase stream
Amount proportion, generates different nowed formings.Every group of experiment fixing oil phase and water phase flow gradually increase gas phase flow rate, are formed not
Same flow pattern (water base-dispersion-bubble flow, water base-dispersion-plug-like stream, water base-dispersion-slug flow).In experiment, mark three under condition
Mutually stream total flow range is in 6.66m3/ h to 14.97m3/ h, total apparent change in flow range is in 0.92m/s to 1.76m/s.It is each
The time of test constantly is 10s under flow regime, completes the wave time sequence of water phase content and obtaining for doppler shifted signal
It takes.
The wave time sequence and Doppler frequency shift to water phase content are completed according to the step in the specific embodiment
The processing of signal, can obtain oil gas water three phase it is water base-split-phase true mean flow rate of the dispersion stream under different flow patterns.For verifying institute
State the validity of method, it is assumed that slippage is not present between oil and water, the Real-time Water phase content measured using conductance ring can obtain meter
Calculate real-time gas phase content and in real time total liquid phase content.
Wherein φwFor the Real-time Water phase content in liquid phase；βl, βg, βwFor real-time total liquid phase content, real-time gas phase content and
Real-time Water phase content.βwIt is obtained by electricity phase content sensor, since slippage φ being not present between oil and waterwEntrance can be passed through
It is obtained containing rate.Further calculate split-phase apparent velocity:
Wherein Jl, Jg, J is respectively liquid phase apparent velocity, gas phase apparent velocity and total apparent velocity.It is referred to entrance
Apparent velocity compares verifying.As shown in figs 6-8, using root-mean-square error as evaluation index: liquid phase is apparent, gas phase for verification result
Apparently, the root-mean-square error of summary table pipe is respectively 0.06m/s, 0.06m/s, 0.07m/s.Therefore, the method can be obtained accurately
Take the split-phase flow velocity of oil-gas-water three-phase flow.
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