CN109187226B - Pre-drilling type in-situ rock mass combined measuring device and measuring method - Google Patents
Pre-drilling type in-situ rock mass combined measuring device and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109187226B CN109187226B CN201811035992.6A CN201811035992A CN109187226B CN 109187226 B CN109187226 B CN 109187226B CN 201811035992 A CN201811035992 A CN 201811035992A CN 109187226 B CN109187226 B CN 109187226B
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 110
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000668854 Howardia biclavis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a pre-drilling type in-situ rock mass combined measuring device and a measuring method, and the pre-drilling type in-situ rock mass combined measuring device comprises an auxiliary device, a shearing measuring device, a compression measuring device and an adapter, wherein the auxiliary device provides power sources for the shearing measuring device and the compression measuring device and processes the obtained measuring data; therefore, the device and the method can measure the shear strength and the deformation modulus of the rock mass at the same time, can also measure the compressive strength of the rock mass, and can apply enough force to the measuring device through the loading of the hydraulic oil cylinder, so that the measuring device is not only suitable for measuring the engineering parameters of a softer stratum, but also suitable for measuring the engineering parameters of a hard rock stratum, and the device and the method are safe and reliable for the field of mine roadway engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering investigation, in particular to a pre-drilling type mine in-situ rock mass combined measuring device and method.
Background
In the field of geotechnical engineering investigation, the shear strength, deformation modulus and compressive strength of the rock and soil are important parameters for evaluating the stability of the rock and soil structure. Particularly, in the aspect of controlling and treating surrounding rock of a mine tunnel, as the mining scale and the mining depth are increased, the mining conditions are deteriorated, the geomechanical environment of the mine tunnel is increasingly complex, underground engineering disasters occur frequently, and the stability control of the surrounding rock of the tunnel becomes difficult, so that the stability of the surrounding rock of the mine tunnel can be evaluated accurately and reasonably, and the underground engineering disasters can be effectively prevented.
Currently, the measurement of the shear strength or deformation modulus of rock and soil can be divided into an indoor test method and an in-situ test method. The indoor test method mainly comprises a direct shear test, a single shear test, a ring shear test, a triaxial compression test and the like. Although the indoor test can well control the loading of drainage conditions, stress and strain, the obtained sample is inevitably disturbed and influenced in the transportation process, so that the physical characteristic parameters of the sample are changed, and the original state indexes of the rock soil cannot be accurately represented by the test measurement result.
The in-situ test method mainly comprises a static sounding test, a cross plate shearing test, a side pressure test and the like. The in-situ test method can directly measure the shear strength or the deformation modulus of in-situ rock and soil, does not need drilling and sampling, and reduces the disturbance to the rock and soil. In addition, during engineering construction, an in-situ test can be carried out at any time, and the shear strength or the deformation modulus of rock soil can be monitored in real time. However, the existing in-situ test method has too single test item, and can not obtain the shear strength and the deformation modulus of the rock soil at the same time, so that the evaluation of the original state index of the rock soil is too unilateral. If the static load test is applied to soil body testing, the measurement data is substituted into an empirical formula for calculation, and then the mechanical parameters of the soil body are obtained; the shear test of the cross plate can only measure the shear strength of soft soil and cannot describe the mechanical property of rock-soil mixture; the side pressure test can only measure the curve of pressure and volume change of the rock mass, and the shear strength of the rock mass cannot be obtained.
Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned drawbacks, the present inventor has studied and designed a pre-drilling in-situ rock mass combined measuring device and measuring method by combining the experience and result of the related industries for many years through careful study and design to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pre-drilling type in-situ rock mass combined measuring device and a measuring method, which are small in structure, simple to operate, convenient to assemble and disassemble and capable of greatly improving the working efficiency.
In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a pre-drilling type in-situ rock mass combined measuring device which is characterized by comprising an auxiliary device, a shearing measuring device, a compression measuring device and an adapter, wherein the shearing measuring device is placed at the bottom of a hole to measure the deformation modulus and the shear strength of an in-situ rock mass, the compression measuring device is placed at the bottom of the hole to measure the compressive strength of the in-situ rock mass, the auxiliary device provides a power source for the shearing measuring device and the compression measuring device through an oil conveying pipe and analyzes and processes the measured data obtained by the shearing measuring device and the compression measuring device, one end of the adapter connects the shearing measuring device and the compression measuring device, and the other end of the adapter is connected to a drill rod on a drilling machine.
Wherein: the shearing measuring device comprises a displacement loading device, 6 elastic shearing sheets and a lower top, wherein the 6 elastic shearing sheets are cylinders, the lower top is arranged at the lower end of the cylinder, and the displacement loading device is arranged in the cylinder.
Wherein: the lower tightening sleeve is installed on the lower portion of the outer edge of the 6 elastic shearing sheets and fixed with the lower portions of the elastic shearing sheets, the upper tightening sleeve is installed on the upper portions of the outer edges of the 6 elastic shearing sheets and fixed with the upper portions of the elastic shearing sheets, the lower top is matched with the fixed 6 elastic shearing sheets and the lower tightening sleeve, and the displacement loading device is matched with the fixed 6 elastic shearing sheets and the upper tightening sleeve.
Wherein: the displacement loading device comprises an oil cylinder body end cover, 1 group of reset disc springs, an oil cylinder body, an oil cylinder piston, a middle connecting rod, a lower displacement disc, 6 lower displacement disc fixing blocks, 6 connecting rods, 6 elastic shearing sheet fixing blocks, 6 pore water pressure sensors, 12 stress strain sensors and 1 displacement sensor, wherein the oil cylinder body end cover is connected with the oil cylinder body, the oil cylinder piston is arranged in the oil cylinder body in a sliding manner, the 1 group of reset disc springs are sleeved on the oil cylinder body and used for upwards resetting the oil cylinder piston, two ends of the middle connecting rod are respectively connected to the oil cylinder piston and the lower displacement disc, the adapter is provided with an oil passage connected to an oil pipeline to form a cavity together with the oil cylinder body, one end of each elastic shearing sheet fixing block 6 is fixedly arranged on the inner side of each elastic shearing sheet 6, and the other end of each elastic shearing sheet fixing block is hinged to the lower part of, the upper parts of the 6 connecting rods are respectively hinged to 6 lower displacement disc fixing blocks, the 6 lower displacement disc fixing blocks are installed on the lower displacement disc, the 6 pore water pressure sensors are respectively installed on the 6 elastic shear slice fixing blocks to measure the pressure of each elastic shear slice when being cut into an in-situ rock body, the 12 stress strain sensors are respectively installed on the 6 elastic shear slices to measure the stress strain on each elastic shear slice, and the 1 displacement sensor is installed on the lower displacement disc of the displacement loading device to measure the displacement of each elastic shear slice when being cut into the rock body and the shear displacement of each elastic shear slice to the rock body.
Wherein: 2 shearing measuring device sealing rings are respectively sleeved and installed on an oil cylinder body end cover and an oil cylinder piston to seal the cavity, and sealing grooves for containing the shearing measuring device sealing rings are respectively arranged on the oil cylinder body end cover and the oil cylinder piston.
Wherein: compression measuring device includes spacing backing ring, 4 compression measuring pieces, cavity hydro-cylinder piston, cavity hydro-cylinder body, lower spacing backing ring, cavity hydro-cylinder body end cover and internal connection cover, wherein, go up spacing backing ring cover and establish the upper end outer fringe of installing in the internal connection cover, cavity hydro-cylinder piston connection is in the lower extreme of internal connection cover, 4 two liang of covers of compression measuring piece are established, then one of them pair of cover is established outside the internal connection cover, and another pair of cover is established and is installed in cavity hydro-cylinder body outside bottom, outside the adapter is located to cavity hydro-cylinder piston cover, and the lower extreme stretches into in the cavity hydro-cylinder body, the bottom of cavity hydro-cylinder body is just arranged in on the adapter to lower spacing backing ring cover.
Wherein: auxiliary device includes data line, controlling means, data analysis device, oil pump, oil tank, governing valve, flowmeter and defeated oil pipe, oil pump one end is connected with the oil tank, and one end is connected with the adapter in addition, exports or retrieves hydraulic oil to the oil tank through defeated oil pipe in with the oil tank, governing valve and flowmeter adjust the velocity of flow and the flow in defeated oil pipe, compression measuring device cuts into the rock mass, shear measuring device cuts into the rock mass, then, compression measuring device has vertical ascending pulling force to shear measuring device, records a series of data and provides shear strength, deformation modulus and the compressive strength that data analysis device comes out the rock mass for.
Also discloses a measuring method of the pre-drilling type in-situ rock mass combined measuring device, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: measuring parameters of shear strength and deformation modulus, firstly, putting a shear measuring device to the bottom of the hole; secondly, cutting into a rock mass, applying a pulling force to the shearing measuring device through a drilling machine, and shearing the rock mass and then processing data to obtain the shear strength and the deformation modulus of the rock mass;
the second method comprises the following steps: carrying out multi-parameter measurement, namely firstly, putting a shearing measuring device and a compression measuring device in a combined manner to the bottom of a hole; secondly, one path of hydraulic oil enables the shearing measuring device to be cut into the rock mass, the other path of oil enables the compression measuring device to be cut into the rock mass, and finally, the data analysis device processes data transmitted and input by the sensor to obtain a plurality of rock mass engineering parameters such as shear strength, deformation modulus, compressive strength and the like.
By the structure, the pre-drilling type in-situ rock mass combined measuring device and the measuring method have the following effects:
the invention is not only suitable for measuring rock engineering parameters, but also suitable for measuring soil engineering parameters;
1. the hydraulic oil cylinder is used for loading, so that enough force can be applied to the measuring device, and the measuring device is suitable for measuring the engineering parameters of the softer stratum and the hard rock stratum;
2. the operation is simple, the application is wide, the shearing measuring device can be combined with the compression measuring device for use, and rock engineering parameters can be measured independently;
3. the shear measurement device can effectively measure the shear strength and the deformation modulus of the in-situ rock mass, and the internal friction factor f and the cohesive force c of the shear strength of the rock mass are obtained through the data analysis device;
4. the compressive strength qu of the in-situ rock mass can be measured by the compression measuring device.
The details of the present invention can be obtained from the following description and the attached drawings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of the pre-drilling in-situ rock mass combined measuring device of the invention.
Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a pre-drilled in-situ rock mass combination measuring device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a shear measuring device of the present invention;
FIGS. 4A and 4B show a displacement loading unit of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of a compression measuring device of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows a schematic workflow of the present invention;
fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram of the operation of the shear measuring device of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1. the device comprises an auxiliary device, 2, a shearing measuring device, 3, a compression measuring device, 4, an adapter, 5, a data line, 6, a control device, 7, a data analysis device, 8, an oil pump, 9, an oil tank, 10, a regulating valve, 11, a flowmeter, 12, an oil delivery pipe, 13, a displacement loading device, 14, an elastic shearing sheet, 15, a lower top, 16, a lower tightening hoop, 17, an upper tightening hoop, 18, an oil cylinder body end cover, 19, a shearing measuring device sealing ring, 20, an oil cylinder body, 21, a reset disc spring, 22, an intermediate connecting rod, 23, an oil cylinder piston, 24, a lower displacement disc, 25, a lower displacement disc fixing block, 26, a connecting rod, 27, an elastic shearing sheet fixing block, 28, a pore pressure sensor, 29, a stress sensor, 30, a displacement sensor, 31, an upper limiting cushion ring, 32, a compression measuring sheet, 33, a hollow oil cylinder piston, 34, a hollow oil cylinder end cover sealing, 35. the hollow oil cylinder comprises a hollow oil cylinder body, 36 hollow oil cylinder piston sealing rings, 37 lower limiting backing rings, 38 hollow oil cylinder body sealing rings, 39 hollow oil cylinder body end covers, 40 expansion membranes and 41 internal connecting sleeves.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the invention will be more readily understood by those skilled in the art, and the scope of the invention will be clearly and clearly defined by the following detailed description of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. Referring to fig. 1 to 5, a pre-drilled in-situ rock mass combination measuring device of the present invention is shown.
Pre-drilling formula normal position rock mass combination formula measuring device includes auxiliary device 1, cuts measuring device 2, compression measuring device 3 and adapter 4, it measures to the deformation modulus and the shear strength of normal position rock mass to cut measuring device 2 and transfer to the hole bottom, compression measuring device 3 transfers the compressive strength of hole bottom to normal position rock mass to measure, auxiliary device 1 provides the power supply for cutting measuring device 2 and compression measuring device 3 through defeated oil pipe 12 to can carry out analysis processes with the measured data that shear measuring device 2 and compression measuring device 3 acquireed, 4 one end of adapter can be connected shear measuring device 2 and compression measuring device 3, and one end is connected to the drilling rod on the rig in addition.
As shown in fig. 2, the shear measuring device 2 is mounted to the lower end of a compression measuring device 3, both of which are attached to an adapter 4.
As shown in fig. 3, the shearing measuring device 2 includes a displacement loading device 13, 6 elastic shear sheets 14 and a lower top 15, wherein the displacement loading device 13 is connected with the adapter 4 through a thread, the upper portion, the lower portion and the middle portion of the 6 elastic shear sheets 14 are respectively provided with a through hole, the 6 elastic shear sheets 14 can be a cylinder by a ring, the lower top is arranged at the lower end of the cylinder, the displacement loading device is arranged in the cylinder, a lower tightening ring 16 is sleeved on the lower portion of the outer edge of the 6 elastic shear sheets 14, the periphery of the lower tightening ring is provided with 6 through holes with equal size, and the elastic shear sheets 14 are fixed by matching with the through holes at the lower portion of the elastic shear sheets 14 through bolts to form a cylinder, so as to better protect the teeth arranged at intervals on the elastic shear sheets 14, the teeth are preferably triangular, an upper tightening ring 17 is sleeved on the upper portion of the outer edge of the 6 elastic shear sheets 14, the periphery of the displacement loading device 12 is provided with 6 through holes with equal size at intervals, each elastic shear slice 14 is matched and fixed with the through hole at the upper part of each elastic shear slice 14 through a bolt to form a cylinder shape, the periphery of the lower top 15 is provided with 6 threaded holes at intervals so as to be matched and fixedly installed with the bolt for fixedly installing the 6 elastic shear slices 14 and the lower tightening hoop 16, the periphery of the displacement loading device 12 can also be provided with 6 threaded holes at intervals so as to be matched and fixedly installed with the bolt for fixedly installing the 6 elastic shear slices 14 and the upper tightening hoop 17, and therefore, the lower tightening hoop 16, the upper tightening hoop 17 and the 6 elastic shear slices 14 are jointly connected onto the displacement loading device 12 and the lower top 15 through the bolt.
As shown in fig. 4A and 4B, the displacement loading device 13 includes an oil cylinder end cover 18, 2 shear measuring device sealing rings 19, 1 set of reset disc springs 21, an oil cylinder body 20, an oil cylinder piston 23, a middle connecting rod 22, a lower displacement disc 24, 6 lower displacement disc fixing blocks 25, 6 connecting rods 26, 6 elastic shear sheet fixing blocks 27, 6 pore water pressure sensors 28, 12 stress strain sensors 29 and 1 displacement sensor 30, wherein the oil cylinder end cover 18 is connected with the oil cylinder body 20 through a bolt, and is sleeved in a cylinder formed by 6 elastic shear sheets 14, and the outer edge of the oil cylinder body 20 may be provided with 6 threaded holes at intervals to match with the bolt to fixedly mount the 6 elastic shear sheets 14 and an upper ferrule 17, the oil cylinder piston 23 is slidably disposed in the oil cylinder body 20, the 2 shear measuring device sealing rings 19 are respectively sleeved on the oil cylinder end cover 18 and the oil cylinder piston 23, the hydraulic cylinder is used for sealing a cavity, wherein sealing grooves for accommodating a sealing ring 19 of a shearing measuring device are respectively arranged on the cylinder body end cover 18 and the cylinder piston 23, wherein 1 group of reset disc springs 21 are sleeved on the cylinder body 20, the cylinder body 20 is provided with a flange abutting against the lower end of the reset disc spring 21, the periphery of the cylinder piston 23 is provided with a bulge abutting against the upper end of the reset disc spring 21, so that the reset disc spring 21 can be used for resetting the cylinder piston 23 upwards, the lower end of the adapter 4 can be connected with the cylinder body end cover 18 through threads, the two ends of the middle connecting rod 24 can be respectively connected to the cylinder piston 23 and the lower displacement disc 24 through threads, so that the pressure of the cylinder piston 23 can be transmitted to the lower displacement disc 24 positioned below the cylinder body 20, one end of the adapter 4 connected with a drill rod is sealed, and one end connected with the cylinder body end cover 18 is provided with an oil, so that the oil passage of the adapter 4 and the cylinder body 20 together form a cavity, one end of the 6 elastic shear blade fixing blocks 27 can be respectively and fixedly installed at the inner sides of the 6 elastic shear blades 14 through bolts, the other end can be respectively and hingedly connected to the lower parts of the 6 connecting rods 26 through pins, the upper parts of the 6 connecting rods 26 can be respectively and hingedly connected to the 6 lower shift plate fixing blocks 25 through pins, the 6 lower shift plate fixing blocks 25 are provided with upper positioning holes, the lower shift plate 24 is correspondingly provided with lower positioning holes, and is welded after being positioned with the upper positioning holes on the lower shift plate fixing blocks 25 during installation, the 6 pore water pressure sensors 28 are respectively installed on the 6 elastic shear blade fixing blocks 27 for measuring the pressure when each elastic shear blade 14 cuts into the in-situ rock mass, and the 12 stress strain sensors 29 are respectively installed on the 6 elastic shear blades 14, two sides of the middle position of each elastic shear slice 14 are respectively provided with a stress strain sensor 29 for measuring the stress strain on each elastic shear slice 14, and the 1 displacement sensor 30 is arranged on the lower displacement plate 24 of the displacement loading device 13 for measuring the displacement when each elastic shear slice 14 cuts into the rock mass and the shear displacement of each elastic shear slice 14 to the rock mass.
As shown in fig. 5, the compression measuring device includes an upper limiting backing ring 31, 4 compression measuring sheets 32, a hollow cylinder piston 33, a hollow cylinder end cover sealing ring 34, a hollow cylinder body 35, a hollow cylinder piston sealing ring 36, a lower limiting backing ring 37, a hollow cylinder body sealing ring 38, a hollow cylinder body end cover 39, 2 expansion membranes 40 and an inner connecting sleeve 41, wherein the upper limiting backing ring 31 is sleeved on the outer edge of the upper end of the inner connecting sleeve 41 and connected with the inner connecting sleeve 41 through a thread, the hollow cylinder piston 33 is connected to the lower end of the inner connecting sleeve 41, the upper limiting backing ring 31 is matched with the hollow cylinder piston 33 to limit the compression measuring sheets 32 and the expansion membranes 40, the 4 compression measuring sheets 32 are sleeved in pairs outside the expansion membranes 40, one pair of the sleeves is installed outside the inner connecting sleeve 41, and the other pair of the sleeves is installed at the bottom end of the outer side of the hollow cylinder body 35, the adapter 4 is located to cavity hydro-cylinder piston 33 cover, and the lower extreme stretches into in the cavity hydro-cylinder body 35, install in the inside groove of cavity hydro-cylinder body end cover 39 in order to provide sealed effect in cavity hydro-cylinder end cover sealing washer 34, 36 covers of cavity hydro-cylinder piston sealing washer establish the lower extreme outer fringe of installing in cavity hydro-cylinder piston 33, down the bottom of locating on adapter 4 and arranging cavity hydro-cylinder body 35 in is located to spacing backing ring 37 cover, cooperatees with cavity hydro-cylinder body 35 bottom, and is spacing to another a pair of compression measurement piece 32 and inflation membrane 40, cavity hydro-cylinder body sealing washer 38 covers and establishes to install between the lower extreme of cavity hydro-cylinder body 35 and adapter 4, cavity hydro-cylinder body end cover 39 covers are established outside cavity hydro-cylinder piston 33, is connected with cavity hydro-cylinder body 35 through the bolt, through input hydraulic oil, acts on 4 pieces of compression measurement piece 32 for, the inner connecting sleeve 41 is connected with the adapter 4 through threads.
Fig. 6 shows a schematic working flow diagram of a pre-drilling in-situ rock mass combined measuring device of the present invention, the auxiliary device includes a data line 5, a control device 6, a data analysis device 7, an oil pump 8, an oil tank 9, a regulating valve 10, a flow meter 11 and an oil pipeline 12, wherein the control device 6 can adjust the on-off state of the oil pump 8, one end of the oil pump 8 is connected with the oil tank 9, the other end is connected with an adapter 4, the hydraulic oil in the oil tank 9 is output or recycled to the oil tank 9 through the oil pipeline 12, the regulating valve 10 and the flow meter 11 adjust the flow rate and flow rate in the oil pipeline 12, a compression measuring plate 32 of the compression measuring device 3 cuts into a rock mass, an elastic shear plate 14 of the shear measuring device 2 cuts into the rock mass, and then the compression measuring device 3 exerts a vertically upward tensile force on the shear measuring device 2, the compression measuring sheet 32 vertically compresses the rock mass, meanwhile, the elastic shear sheet 14 vertically shears the rock mass, and the pore water pressure sensor 28, the stress strain sensor 29 and the displacement sensor 30 measure a series of data so as to provide the data for the data analysis device 7 to obtain the shear strength, the deformation modulus and the compressive strength of the rock mass.
The invention also provides a measuring method of the pre-drilling type in-situ rock mass combined measuring device, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: measuring parameters of shear strength and deformation modulus, firstly, putting a shear measuring device 2 down to the bottom of the hole; secondly, supplying oil through an oil pump 8 to ensure that each elastic shear blade 14 is cut into the rock mass, then applying a pulling force to the shear measuring device 2 through a drilling machine, enabling each elastic shear blade 14 to shear the rock mass, and finally processing data transmitted and input by a sensor through a data analysis device 7 to obtain the shear strength and the deformation modulus of the rock mass;
the second method comprises the following steps: carrying out multi-parameter measurement, firstly, combining and putting the shearing measuring device 2 and the compression measuring device 3 to the bottom of the hole; secondly, oil is supplied through the oil pump 8, one path of hydraulic oil enables each elastic shear sheet 14 to be cut into the rock mass, the other path of oil enables the compression measurement sheet 32 to be cut into the rock mass, then the oil pump 8 supplies oil to the cylinder body of the compression measurement device 3, the compression measurement sheet 32 can be vertically compressed into the rock mass, in addition, the compression measurement device 3 has a pulling force on the shear measurement device 2, the elastic shear sheets 14 can shear the rock mass, and finally, data input by the sensor are processed through the data analysis device 7, and a plurality of rock mass engineering parameters such as shearing strength, deformation modulus and compression strength can be obtained.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, in the first method, when the downward shear measuring device 2 is used for measurement, hydraulic oil is supplied to a cavity formed by the adapter 4 and the cylinder body 20 through the oil pipeline 12, the cylinder piston 23 pushes the lower displacement plate 24 to move through the intermediate connecting rod 22, because the elastic shear plate fixing block 27 connected with the lower displacement plate 24 is connected with the elastic shear plate 14 through the bolt, the elastic shear plate 14 on the shear measuring device 2 generates certain pressure and deformation on the rock body, signals collected by the displacement sensor 30, the pore water pressure sensor 28 and the stress strain sensor 29 can be transmitted and input to the control device 6 through the data line 5, the control device 6 feeds back the signals to the oil pump, so that the input pressure can be adjusted to ensure that teeth on the elastic shear plate 14 cut into the rock body, and the stress strain data collected by the stress strain sensor 29 installed on the elastic shear plate 14, and the pressure collected by a pore water pressure sensor 28 arranged on the elastic shear slice fixing block 27 adopts E-IO(1-μ2) PD/W (E: modulus of deformation of rock mass; i iso: a shape factor; μ: a poisson ratio; d, cutting the diameter of the slice; w: deformation of rock mass) can be determined, and sigma (P/a) is additionally used1(P: normal load acting on shear plane; A)1: effective shear plane area; σ: positive stress acting on the shear plane) may result in positive stress acting on the rock mass.
Exerting pulling force on the shearing measuring device 2 through a drilling machine, enabling the elastic shearing sheet 14 to have shearing force on a rock body, collecting data from the displacement sensor 30, the pore water pressure sensor 28 and the stress-strain sensor 29 through the data line 5, transmitting the data to the data analysis device 7 for result analysis, and adopting tau-q/nA1(n ═ 2, 3.) (q: shear load acting on the shear plane; a: (q): t)1: effective shear plane area; n: the number of teeth; τ: shear stress acting on a shear surface) can obtain the shear stress acting on a rock mass, a relation curve of the shear stress and normal stress is drawn, an internal friction factor f and a cohesive force c are determined through a coulomb-nanvie expression, and the shear strength of the rock mass is determined through a Mohr-Coulomb strength theory.
Specifically, in the second method, the shearing measuring device 2 and the compression measuring device 3 are connected in a combined manner through one end of the adapter 4, the other end of the adapter is connected with a drill rod on the drilling machine, one path of hydraulic oil is supplied to a cavity formed by the adapter 4 and the cylinder body 20 through the oil pipeline 12, the oil pump 8 supplies oil to the adapter 4 and the cylinder body 20, the cylinder piston 23 pushes the lower displacement plate 24 to move through the intermediate connecting rod 22, as the elastic shearing piece fixing block 27 connected with the lower displacement plate 24 is connected with the elastic shearing piece 14 through the bolt, the elastic shearing piece 14 on the shearing measuring device 2 has certain pressure on the rock body, signals collected by the displacement sensor 30, the pore water pressure sensor 28 and the stress strain sensor 29 are transmitted into the control device 6 through the data line 5, the control device 6 feeds back the signals to the oil pump 8, the input pressure can be adjusted, and the teeth on the elastic shearing piece, the stress-strain data collected by the stress-strain sensor 29 installed on the elastic shear blade 14 and the pressure collected by the pore water pressure sensor 28 installed on the elastic shear blade fixing block 27 adopt E ═ IO(1-μ2) PD/W can determine the deformation modulus of rock mass, and moreover, the method adopts sigma-P/A1The positive stress acting on the rock mass can be obtained; the other path of hydraulic oil passes through the oil delivery pipe 12, and the oil pump 8 supplies oil to the expansion membrane 40, so that the compression measuring sheet 32 is cut into the rock body; the deformation modulus of the rock body can be judged by the stress-strain data collected by the stress-strain sensor 29 arranged on the elastic shear slice 14 and the pressure collected by the pore water pressure sensor 28 arranged on the elastic shear slice fixing block 27, and moreover, the method adopts the method that sigma is P/A1A positive stress on the rock mass can be obtained.
The compression measuring device 3 can vertically compress the rock body by supplying oil to the oil cylinder body 35 of the compression measuring device, meanwhile, the elastic shear slice 14 on the shear measuring device 2 has a shearing force effect on the rock body, the data collected by the displacement sensor 30, the pore water pressure sensor 28 and the stress strain sensor 29 are transmitted to the data analysis device 7 through the data line 5 to be analyzed, and q is used for analyzing the resultu=F/A2(F: pressure acting on compression surface; A)2: an effective compression area; q. q.su: compressive strength of rock mass) can be obtained, and τ ═ q/nA is additionally used1(n ═ 2, 3.) the shear stress acting on the rock mass can be obtained, the shear stress and normal stress relation curves are drawn, the internal friction factor f and the cohesive force c are determined by the coulomb-nanvie expression, and the shear strength of the rock mass is determined by the Mohr-Coulomb strength theory.
Therefore, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the hydraulic oil cylinder is used for loading, so that enough force can be applied to the measuring device, and the measuring device is suitable for measuring the engineering parameters of the softer stratum and the hard rock stratum;
2. the operation is simple, the application is wide, the shearing measuring device can be combined with the compression measuring device for use, and rock engineering parameters can be measured independently;
3. the shear measurement device can effectively measure the shear strength and the deformation modulus of the in-situ rock mass, and the internal friction factor f and the cohesive force c of the shear strength of the rock mass are obtained through the data analysis device;
4. the compressive strength q of the in-situ rock mass can be measured by a compression measuring deviceu。
It should be apparent that the foregoing description and illustrations are by way of example only and are not intended to limit the present disclosure, application or uses. While embodiments have been described in the embodiments and depicted in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the particular examples illustrated by the drawings and described in the embodiments as the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the teachings of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention will include any embodiments falling within the foregoing description and the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A pre-drilling type in-situ rock mass combined measuring device is characterized by comprising an auxiliary device, a shearing measuring device, a compression measuring device and an adapter, wherein the shearing measuring device is placed at the bottom of a hole to measure the deformation modulus and the shear strength of an in-situ rock mass, the compression measuring device is placed at the bottom of the hole to measure the compressive strength of the in-situ rock mass, the auxiliary device provides a power source for the shearing measuring device and the compression measuring device through an oil conveying pipe and analyzes and processes the measured data acquired by the shearing measuring device and the compression measuring device, one end of the adapter connects the shearing measuring device and the compression measuring device, and the other end of the adapter is connected to a drill rod on a drilling machine;
the shearing measuring device comprises a displacement loading device, 6 elastic shearing sheets and a lower top, wherein the 6 elastic shearing sheets are cylinders, the lower top is arranged at the lower end of the cylinder, the displacement loading device is arranged in the cylinder, the displacement loading device comprises an oil cylinder body end cover, 1 group of reset disc springs, an oil cylinder body, an oil cylinder piston, a middle connecting rod, a lower shift disc, 6 lower shift disc fixing blocks, 6 connecting rods, 6 elastic shearing sheet fixing blocks, 6 pore water pressure sensors, 12 stress strain sensors and 1 displacement sensor, wherein the oil cylinder body end cover is connected with the oil cylinder body, the oil cylinder piston is arranged in the oil cylinder body in a sliding manner, the 1 group of reset disc springs are sleeved on the oil cylinder body and used for upward resetting of the oil cylinder piston, and two ends of the middle connecting rod are respectively connected to the oil cylinder piston and the lower shift disc, the adapter is provided with an oil passage connected to an oil pipeline to form a cavity together with the cylinder body of the oil cylinder, one end of each of the 6 elastic shearing piece fixing blocks is fixedly arranged at the inner side of each of the 6 elastic shearing pieces, the other end is hinged on the lower parts of 6 connecting rods, the upper parts of the 6 connecting rods are respectively hinged on 6 lower displacement disc fixing blocks, the 6 lower shifting plate fixing blocks are arranged on the lower shifting plate, the 6 pore water pressure sensors are respectively arranged on the 6 elastic shearing sheet fixing blocks to measure the pressure of each elastic shearing sheet when the elastic shearing sheet is cut into an in-situ rock body, the 12 stress-strain sensors are respectively arranged on the 6 elastic shear blades for measuring the stress strain on each elastic shear blade, the 1 displacement sensor is arranged on a lower displacement disc of the displacement loading device to measure the displacement of each elastic shear blade when cutting into the rock mass and the shear displacement of each elastic shear blade to the rock mass.
2. The pre-drilled in-situ rock mass combined measuring device of claim 1, wherein: the lower tightening sleeve is installed on the lower portion of the outer edge of the 6 elastic shearing sheets and fixed with the lower portions of the elastic shearing sheets, the upper tightening sleeve is installed on the upper portions of the outer edges of the 6 elastic shearing sheets and fixed with the upper portions of the elastic shearing sheets, the lower top is matched with the fixed 6 elastic shearing sheets and the lower tightening sleeve, and the displacement loading device is matched with the fixed 6 elastic shearing sheets and the upper tightening sleeve.
3. The pre-drilled in-situ rock mass combined measuring device of claim 1, wherein: 2 shearing measuring device sealing rings are respectively sleeved and installed on an oil cylinder body end cover and an oil cylinder piston to seal the cavity, and sealing grooves for containing the shearing measuring device sealing rings are respectively arranged on the oil cylinder body end cover and the oil cylinder piston.
4. The pre-drilled in-situ rock mass combined measuring device of claim 1, wherein: compression measuring device includes spacing backing ring, 4 compression measuring pieces, cavity hydro-cylinder piston, cavity hydro-cylinder body, lower spacing backing ring, cavity hydro-cylinder body end cover and internal connection cover, wherein, go up spacing backing ring cover and establish the upper end outer fringe of installing in the internal connection cover, cavity hydro-cylinder piston connection is in the lower extreme of internal connection cover, 4 two liang of covers of compression measuring piece are established, then one of them pair of cover is established outside the internal connection cover, and another pair of cover is established and is installed in cavity hydro-cylinder body outside bottom, outside the adapter is located to cavity hydro-cylinder piston cover, and the lower extreme stretches into in the cavity hydro-cylinder body, the bottom of cavity hydro-cylinder body is just arranged in on the adapter to lower spacing backing ring cover.
5. The pre-drilled in-situ rock mass combined measuring device of claim 1, wherein: auxiliary device includes data line, controlling means, data analysis device, oil pump, oil tank, governing valve, flowmeter and defeated oil pipe, oil pump one end is connected with the oil tank, and one end is connected with the adapter in addition, exports or retrieves hydraulic oil to the oil tank through defeated oil pipe in with the oil tank, governing valve and flowmeter adjust the velocity of flow and the flow in defeated oil pipe, compression measuring device cuts into the rock mass, shear measuring device cuts into the rock mass, then, compression measuring device has vertical ascending pulling force to shear measuring device, records a series of data and provides shear strength, deformation modulus and the compressive strength that data analysis device comes out the rock mass for.
6. A measuring method of the pre-drilling in-situ rock mass combined type measuring device as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: measuring parameters of shear strength and deformation modulus, firstly, putting a shear measuring device to the bottom of the hole; secondly, cutting into a rock mass, applying a pulling force to the shearing measuring device through a drilling machine, and shearing the rock mass and then processing data to obtain the shear strength and the deformation modulus of the rock mass;
the second method comprises the following steps: carrying out multi-parameter measurement, namely firstly, putting a shearing measuring device and a compression measuring device in a combined manner to the bottom of a hole; secondly, one path of hydraulic oil enables the shearing measuring device to be cut into the rock mass, the other path of oil enables the compression measuring device to be cut into the rock mass, and finally, the data analysis device processes data transmitted and input by the sensor to obtain a plurality of rock mass engineering parameters of shear strength, deformation modulus and compression strength.
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