CN109181325B - 一种沥青路面复合抗微生物老化剂的复配方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明是一种沥青路面复合抗微生物老化剂的复配方法,属于沥青抗老化剂技术领域,解决目前林间与景区道路、隧道、农村公路的阴暗、多湿、污染路段沥青路面抗微生物老化性能差、使用寿命短的问题。本发明根据沥青路面上微生物种属及其数量,将筛选出有代表性的不同菌种分离在灭菌的橡胶塞斜面培养基内;将不同抗菌剂按照一定比例分别加入不同菌种的菌液中,观察各种抗菌剂对不同菌种的生长抑制情况;确定抗菌剂及其用量,根据沥青路面上微生物菌种含量,初步确定复合抗微生物老化剂的复配方案;观察复合抗微生物老化剂的综合抑制效果,优化复配方案,制备复合抗微生物老化剂。本发明对提高沥青路面抗老化性能,延长沥青路面使用寿命具有重要意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明是一种沥青路面复合抗微生物老化剂的复配方法,属于沥青抗老化剂技术领域。
背景技术
微生物、霉菌的繁殖是引发材料生物老化的主要原因,通常在高分子材料中添加防霉剂,从根本上抑制霉菌的滋生或在材料表面涂覆反微生物因子来预防生物老化。传统的抗生物老化剂是采用有机磷酸化合物、有机锡化合物、四氯间苯睛、苯并咪哇系等化合物制备。
随着纳米技术进步,金属无机纳米抗老化剂成为研究热点。该类型的抗老化剂的原理是利用钛、铜、银、锌等金属及其离子的杀菌、抑菌功能,通过对材料的纳米改性,可使防霉、防腐性能大大提高,并延长其使用寿命。纳米抗菌剂根据杀菌机理不同可分为3类:一类为载有Ag+的纳米抗菌剂,其利用Ag+可使细胞膜的通透性增加或使胞内酶蛋白失活,从而杀死细菌;另一类为载有ZnO、TiO2等材质的光触酶型纳米抗菌材料,利用该类材料的光催化作用,与H2O或OH-反应,生成一种具有强氧化性的羟基自由基(OH·),可杀死细菌;最后一类是晶体结构C轴长度为的纳米蒙脱土等稀土类无机材料,因其内部有特殊的结构而带有不饱和负电荷,从而具有强烈的阳离子交换能力,对细菌有强的吸附固定作用,从而起到抗菌作用。有学者测试了纳米银和纳米TiO2的抗菌性能,在光照下这两种抗菌材料都表现出了理想的抑菌效果。随着研究的深入,研究者发现,达到理想抗菌效果时,所需抗菌剂的添加量较大,成本较高,从而影响了其应用领域的拓展。
因此,在多孔介质上负载多组分无机抗菌剂越来越受到人们的青睐。有学者研制了TiO2/Ag系纳米复合抗菌材料,当其浓度为100mg·L-1时,作用60min,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌的抑杀率均可达99.0%以上。采用纳米ZnO对纳米TiO2进行复合改性,还可以提高纳米TiO2粉体的耐温性。
林间与景区道路、隧道、农村公路的沥青路面长期处于阴暗、多湿、污染的环境中,这为微生物大量繁殖提供了有利条件,吞噬沥青轻质组分,促使沥青老化,导致沥青路面耐久性差。由于使沥青微生物老化的菌种不是唯一的,因而单一的抗菌防霉组分不可能对所有的细菌起作用,对沥青起不到抗老化作用。基于互补增效机理研制的复合型抗菌防老化剂可以扩大抗菌谱、提高防老化性能,从而可降低各抗菌防老化剂成分的使用量,并且相应减小抗菌防老化剂毒性、浅化抗菌防老化剂颜色、降低生产成本。利用具有抗菌性能的有机配体和具有抗菌性能的无机阳离子形成复合盐抗老化剂,兼有有机系的强敛性、持续性与无机系的安全性、耐热性,而且用量少、抗菌性能高、稳定性好。但是,目前尚没有针对沥青路面复合抗微生物老化剂的复配方法,难以提高沥青路面抗微生物老化,降低了沥青路面耐久性。
因此,本发明根据林间与景区道路、隧道、农村公路的沥青路面上不同菌种微生物类别,筛选出几种具有代表性的微生物菌种,针对各菌种微生物的生长习性和生理条件,选择相对应的抗菌剂,并根据不同微生物菌种数量按一定比例进行复配,从而提出沥青路面用的复合抗微生物老化剂的复配方法。
发明内容
(1)技术问题
本发明目的是提供一种沥青路面复合抗微生物老化剂的复配方法,解决目前林间与景区道路、隧道、农村公路的阴暗、多湿、污染路段沥青路面抗微生物老化性能较差、使用寿命短的问题,从而提高沥青路面耐久性。
(2)技术方案
为了解决林间与景区道路、隧道、农村公路的阴暗、多湿、污染路段沥青易受微生物降解老化,导致沥青路面耐久性较差的难题。本发明提供一种沥青路面用的复合抗微生物老化剂的复配方法,延长沥青路面使用寿命。本发明技术方案如下:首先根据林间与景区道路、隧道、农村公路的阴暗、多湿、污染路段沥青路面上不同菌种微生物类别,筛选出几种具有代表性的微生物菌种,在培养基中进行培养;然后,依据各菌种微生物的生长习性和生理条件差异,选择相对应的抗菌剂,分析对不同菌种抑制效果最佳的抗微生物老化剂;根据不同微生物菌种数量按一定比例进行复配,根据复合抗微生物老化剂的使用效果,确定最合适的复配比例,进一步提高复合抗微生物老化剂的性能,提高沥青路面的耐久性。
(3)有益效果
沥青是沥青路面中最主要的粘结材料,研究沥青抗老化性能对延长沥青路面使用寿命具有重要的意义。特别是研究林间与景区道路、隧道、农村公路的阴暗、多湿、污染路段沥青路面微生物降解老化机理及抗老化措施是对目前沥青路面长期老化性能研究的重要补充,通过研发新型复合抗微生物老化剂,抑制微生物对沥青路面的老化作用,对提高林间与景区道路、隧道、农村公路的阴暗、多湿、污染路段沥青路面的耐久性具有重要的现实意义。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种沥青路面复合抗微生物老化剂的复配方法,具体实施步骤如下:
(1)根据林间与景区道路、隧道、农村公路的阴暗、多湿、污染路段沥青路面上微生物种属及其数量调查,筛选出有代表性的不同菌种,挑取、划线、分离于灭菌的橡胶塞斜面培养基内,放于4℃冰箱保存备用;
(2)将配置好的有机抗菌剂、无机纳米抗菌剂和光触酶型抗菌剂按照一定比例分别加入不同菌种的菌液中,利用高倍显微镜观察各种抗菌剂对不同菌种的生长抑制情况;
(3)确定对各菌种生长抑制效果最佳的抗菌剂及其用量,根据沥青路面上微生物菌种含量占比,将不同抗菌剂按比例进行复配,初步确定复合抗微生物老化剂的复配方案;
(4)将复合抗微生物老化剂加入经筛选、培养得到的混合菌液中,利用高倍显微镜观察复合抗微生物老化剂对不同菌种生长的综合抑制效果;
(5)根据各抗菌剂之间拮抗作用,调整复合抗微生物老化剂中各抗菌剂用量比例,进一步优化复合抗微生物老化剂的复配方案,制备复合抗微生物老化剂。
Claims (1)
1.一种沥青路面复合抗微生物老化剂的复配方法,其特征在于该方法的具体步骤如下:
(1)根据林间与景区道路、隧道、农村公路的阴暗、多湿、污染路段沥青路面上微生物种属及其数量调查,筛选出有代表性的不同菌种,挑取、划线、分离于灭菌的橡胶塞斜面培养基内,放于4℃冰箱保存备用;
(2)将配置好的有机抗菌剂、无机纳米抗菌剂和光触酶型抗菌剂按照一定比例分别加入不同菌种的菌液中,利用高倍显微镜观察各种抗菌剂对不同菌种的生长抑制情况;
(3)确定对各菌种生长抑制效果最佳的抗菌剂及其用量,根据沥青路面上微生物菌种含量占比,将不同抗菌剂按比例进行复配,初步确定复合抗微生物老化剂的复配方案;
(4)将复合抗微生物老化剂加入经筛选、培养得到的混合菌液中,利用高倍显微镜观察复合抗微生物老化剂对不同菌种生长的综合抑制效果;
(5)根据各抗菌剂之间拮抗作用,调整复合抗微生物老化剂中各抗菌剂用量比例,进一步优化复合抗微生物老化剂的复配方案,制备复合抗微生物老化剂。
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