CN109180712B - 一类2-茨醇的芳基硼酸酯衍生物及其应用 - Google Patents
一类2-茨醇的芳基硼酸酯衍生物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于制药领域,具体涉及一类2-茨醇的芳基硼酸酯衍生物及其应用。
背景技术
脑梗塞(缺血性脑卒中)具有高死亡率、高致残率、高复发率等特点,严重危害人类健康。由于脑组织结构精细复杂,对缺血缺氧损伤特别敏感且脆弱,迄今临床上少见疗效确切的治疗药物。2-茨醇(冰片)对中枢神经系统有双向调节和保护作用。一是对中枢的双向调节作用。冰片对中枢神经兴奋性有双向调节作用,既能“镇静安神”,又有醒脑作用。二是对中枢神经系统的保护作用。冰片对大脑还有保护作用,利于脑水肿恢复,保护脑缺血后继发损伤,改善受损觉醒能力。冰片还有促进神经胶质细胞分裂作用。此外,2-茨醇(冰片)有利于冠脉痉挛的防治,并可减轻缺血引起的心肌损伤。2-茨醇的副作用主要为过敏反应,大剂量的使用冰片会刺激胃肠道,导致出现恶心想吐、腹痛腹泻的情况,中枢神经也会过于兴奋最终导致惊厥、意识丧失、痉挛,严重者可能导致呼吸衰竭而亡。申请人发现:2-茨醇的芳基硼酸酯衍生物具有比较好的稳定性,在自由基的作用下,能够释放出2-茨醇。由于缺血部位存在大量的自由基,提示该类衍生物能够在缺血部位释放出2-茨醇,产生保护作用。同时,能够减少其副作用。
发明内容
解决的技术问题:本发明提供一类2-茨醇的芳基硼酸酯衍生物,能够特异性的在自由基作用下释放出2-茨醇。由于缺血部位存在大量的自由基,提示该类衍生物能够在缺血部位释放出2-茨醇,产生保护作用。
技术方案:一类2-茨醇的芳基硼酸酯衍生物,结构符合通式(I):
其中:R1、R2为烷基,或R1、R2连接形成环状结构。
上述一类2-茨醇的芳基硼酸酯衍生物,优选结构为:
上述2-茨醇的芳基硼酸酯衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备治疗缺血损伤如脑卒中药物中的应用。
一种治疗缺血损伤药物,有效成分为上述2-茨醇的芳基硼酸酯衍生物。
有益效果:该类药物能够在缺血部位释放出2-茨醇,产生保护作用。同时,能够减少其副作用。
具体实施方式
下面的实施例可使本专业技术人员可全面的理解本发明,但不以任何方式限制本发明。
实施例1:目标化合物的合成:
1.1目标化合物1的合成:
合成路线:
操作:在0℃下,将三光气(1.78g,6mmol)以40mL甲苯溶解,然后将吡啶(0.47g,6mmol)在30min内缓慢加入并溶解在10mL甲苯中,再将(+)2-茨醇(0.62g,4mmol)在30min内缓慢加入并溶解在40mL的甲苯中,,然后在室温下搅拌24h。反应完成后,减压蒸馏除去甲苯,得到白色晶体,用30mL的二氯甲烷溶解,在0℃下,将10mL二氯甲烷和2mLDMSO溶解4-羟甲基苯硼酸甲酯(0.72g,4mmol),滴加至上述溶液中,滴加三乙胺(0.4g,4mmol)于上述反应液中,然后在室温下搅拌24h。反应完成后,过滤除去白色固体,取滤液柱层析,得到白色固体(0.38g)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.83(s,3H),0.87(s,3H),0.90(s,3H),1.20~1.34(m,2H),1.66~1.68(t,2H),1.72~1.79(m,2H),1.90~2.40(m,1H),3.40(s,6H),4.86~4.90(m,1H)5.42(s,2H),7.43(d,2H),7.85(d,2H)。
1.2目标化合物2的合成:
合成路线:
操作:参考化合物1的合成操作方法合成。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.84(s,3H),0.88(s,3H),0.91(s,3H),1.10(s,6H),1.22~1.34(m,2H),1.66~1.69(t,2H),1.70~1.79(m,2H),1.90~2.42(m,1H),3.90(t,4H),4.86~4.93(m,1H),5.44(s,2H),7.,4(d,2H),7.86(d,2H)。
1.3目标化合物3的合成:
合成路线:
操作:参考化合物1的合成操作方法合成操作。参考化合物1的合成操作方法合成。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.83(s,3H),0.87(s,3H),0.90(s,3H),1.10(s,6H),1.20~1.34(m,2H),1.66~1.68(t,2H),1.70~1.79(m,2H),1.90~2.40(m,1H),3.80-3.84(m,2H),4.86~4.90(m,1H)5.42(s,2H),7.43(d,2H),7.85(d,2H)。
1.4目标化合物4的合成:
合成路线:
操作:参考化合物1的合成操作方法合成,其中:2-茨醇为合成2-茨醇。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.84(s,3H),0.87(s,3H),0.91(s,3H),0.96(t,6H),1.21~1.34(m,2H),1.40~1.60(m,8H),1.66~1.69(t,2H),1.71~1.79(m,2H),1.91~2.42(m,1H),3.84(t,4H),4.87~4.92(m,1H),5.43(s,2H),7.,4(d,2H),7.86(d,2H)。
1.5目标化合物5的合成:
合成路线:
操作:参考化合物1的合成操作方法合成。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.82(s,3H),0.86(s,3H),0.89(s,3H),1.20~1.32(m,2H),1.34(s,12H),1.65~1.68(t,2H),1.70~1.78(m,2H),1.90~2.40(m,1H),4.84~4.89(m,1H),5.42(s,2H),7.42(d,2H),7.83(d,2H)。
实施例2:目标化合物对自由基敏感性的测定
取目标化合物适量,用95%乙醇配制成浓度为0.1mmol/L的溶液。取1mL加入2mmol/LH2O2的乙醇溶液1mL,混匀,于25℃放置1小时,测定其中2-茨醇的浓度。另取1mL加入蒸馏水1mL,混匀,于25℃放置1小时,测定其中2-茨醇的浓度。
表1实施例中涉及的化合物在H2O2存在下释放2-茨醇的浓度(mmol/L)
化合物 | 水溶液(无H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) | 1mmol/L的H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> |
1 | 0.01 | 0.09 |
2 | 0.01 | 0.08 |
3 | 0.01 | 0.08 |
4 | 0.01 | 0.08 |
5 | 0.01 | 0.08 |
结果显示:目标化合物在具有较好的稳定性,在自由基作用下,目标化合物迅速释放出2-茨醇。由于缺血部位存在大量自由基,以上实验结果提示目标化合物在缺血部位能够迅速释放出2-茨醇。
实施例3:目标化合物对局灶性脑缺血再灌注的保护作用
3.1局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型的制备
小鼠经2%水合氯醛(0.2mL/10g,i.p.)麻醉后,将动物仰卧固定于手术台上,沿颈正中切开皮肤,钝性分离颈部肌肉组织,暴露右侧颈总动脉(CCA)并小心游离;轻轻剥离伴行的迷走神经,结扎并剪断向内及浅表走向的颈外动脉分支(ECA);循颈内动脉(ICA)向前,在颅底附近有向外侧的分支动脉—翼腭动脉,将其分离结扎。CCA近心端以手术线结扎;结扎线的远端用眼科剪剪开小口,将手术用尼龙线(小鼠用8/0号)一段加热成圆珠状分别沿该小口处插入,插入约16-17mm(小鼠)感觉有轻微阻力时为止,提示线栓前端已经达到大脑前动脉。至此,大脑中动脉(MCA)的血液供应包括颈动脉和大脑韦氏环前交通支来源的血供均已阻断。根据标记判断插入线拴的深度。线拴的血管外部分结扎固定,防止线栓的滑脱。右侧脑缺血1h后,小心拔除线栓,结扎断端,实现缺血后的再灌注。缝合皮肤,回笼精心喂养。手术过程中保持动物体温恒定在37±0.5℃。
3.2目标化合物对局灶性脑缺血再灌注的保护作用
大脑中动脉阻塞模型致缺血侧皮质及纹状体等部位的梗死,TTC染色后,正常组织呈现红色,梗死区域为白色。目标化合物5(1.0mg/kg)、(+)-2-茨醇(1.0mg/kg)于脑缺血再灌注即刻立即尾静脉给药1次,于脑缺血后48小时评价神经缺陷症状,而后处死动物,取脑,TTC染色,观察染色后脑片的梗死面积(每组8只)。
表2目标化合物5对脑缺血神经缺陷症状、梗死面积的影响
神经缺陷症状评分 | 梗死面积 | |
模型组 | 2.3±0.7 | 64.3±19.8 |
假手术组 | 0.5±0.5 | 2.0±2.2 |
溶剂组 | 2.0±0.6 | 60.6±20.4 |
(+)-2-茨醇 | 1.5±0.6 | 46.5±14.6 |
化合物5 | 1.1±0.4 | 42.3±16.2 |
与模型对照组相比,目标化合物5可改善神经功能缺损评分,明显降低脑梗死面积,其药效优于(+)-2-茨醇。考虑到化合物5的分子量为414,而(+)-2-茨醇的分子量为154,化合物5在更小的摩尔浓度下取得了更好的药效,提示化合物5的神经保护作用优于(+)-2-茨醇。
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