CN109173327A - It is a kind of for hydrolyzing the crystallizer of carnallite preparing potassium chloride - Google Patents
It is a kind of for hydrolyzing the crystallizer of carnallite preparing potassium chloride Download PDFInfo
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- CN109173327A CN109173327A CN201811182298.7A CN201811182298A CN109173327A CN 109173327 A CN109173327 A CN 109173327A CN 201811182298 A CN201811182298 A CN 201811182298A CN 109173327 A CN109173327 A CN 109173327A
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- crystallizer
- carnallite
- potassium chloride
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- shell
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D9/00—Crystallisation
- B01D9/004—Fractional crystallisation; Fractionating or rectifying columns
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D3/00—Halides of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
- C01D3/04—Chlorides
- C01D3/08—Preparation by working up natural or industrial salt mixtures or siliceous minerals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D3/00—Halides of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
- C01D3/26—Preventing the absorption of moisture or caking of the crystals
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于水解光卤石制取氯化钾的结晶器，包括柱形壳体，壳体内部设置有同轴的内筒和外筒，内筒和外筒之间形成圆环状的夹层，其中，夹层内间隔设置有多组螺旋导流板，使夹层内形成多组螺旋状的导流通道。本发明提供的结晶器增加了螺旋导流通道，由此可明显延长光卤石和分解母液的流动路程，由此大幅增加了停留时间，有利于光卤石的充分水解，尤其是大粒径的光卤石，使用本发明的结晶器生产氯化钾时，物料在其中可同时兼具全混流和平推流两种模式，提高了结晶器的生产效率和氯化钾的回收率，同时也减少了生产过程中的原料和能源消耗。
The invention provides a crystallizer for producing potassium chloride by hydrolyzing carnallite, comprising a cylindrical shell, a coaxial inner cylinder and an outer cylinder are arranged inside the shell, and a circle is formed between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder An annular interlayer, wherein a plurality of groups of spiral guide plates are arranged at intervals in the interlayer, so that a plurality of groups of helical guide channels are formed in the interlayer. The crystallizer provided by the invention increases the spiral diversion channel, thereby significantly extending the flow path of the carnallite and the decomposed mother liquor, thereby greatly increasing the residence time, which is conducive to the full hydrolysis of the carnallite, especially the large particle size. Carnallite, when using the crystallizer of the present invention to produce potassium chloride, the material can have two modes of full mixed flow and push flow at the same time, which improves the production efficiency of the crystallizer and the recovery rate of potassium chloride, and also reduces the raw materials and energy consumption in the production process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of salt chemical industry, and in particular to a kind of for hydrolyzing the crystallization of carnallite preparing potassium chloride
Device.
Background technique
Potassium chloride is a kind of important potash fertilizer, is also important industrial chemicals.In chemical industry, it can be used for manufacturing hydrogen
The various sylvite series of products such as potassium oxide, potassium nitrate, potassium carbonate, potassium silicate, potassium chlorate, potassium permanganate, Potassiumiodate, or electrolysis
Magnesium chloride magnesium metal configures one of the ingredient of electrolyte, is widely used in multiple industries such as medicine, plating, metallurgy, photograph.
By potassium, the haloid deposit of magnesium and sodium chloride (KClMgCl under carnallite natural conditions2·6H2O+NaCl) shape
At, the states such as China and Laos, Thailand, the Ethiopia in Africa, Eritrea, the Congo have carnallite abundant
Mine.The purposes of carnallite includes manufacture potash fertilizer and the raw mineral materials of extraction of metal magnesium etc..
Carnallite processing preparing potassium chloride process include carnallite it is preprocessed, metering after, continuously enter crystallizer with
Cycle-decomposition mother liquor or fresh water are decomposed and are crystallized.In decomposable process, magnesium chloride and potassium chloride are dissolved in it simultaneously and decompose mother
In liquid, when in crystallizer system solution magnesium chloride and potassium chloride reach saturation when, according to Solubility of Substances, potassium chloride can then be tied
Partial crystallization goes out, and obtains potassium chloride, and the magnesium chloride and potassium chloride in solution are in carnallite saturation point, thus realize potassium chloride and
The separation of magnesium chloride.
Chinese patent CN 103073030A discloses a kind of crystallizer (as shown in Figure 2) for hydrolyzing carnallite, the crystallizer
It improves a lot relative to traditional DTB type crystallizer to the decomposition efficiency of carnallite, the rate of recovery of potassium, but cannot still expire in structure
The requirement of sufficient greater particle size carnallite effectively hydrolyzing.The carnallite of greater particle size is inadequate in the space residence time and rapid subsidence arrives
Crystalliser feet cannot achieve complete hydrolysis, so as to sacrifice the rate of recovery of potassium as cost in actual production, it is long-range using being added
The decomposition of most of carnallite is obtained in the water of theoretical amount of water.
Summary of the invention
To overcome existing crystallizer to be unable to satisfy the defect that big partial size carnallite is fully hydrolyzed, the purpose of the present invention is mention
For a kind of for hydrolyzing the crystallizer of carnallite preparing potassium chloride, it can effectively overcome this defect, improve the production efficiency of crystallizer
With the rate of recovery of potassium chloride.
Crystallizer provided by the present invention for hydrolyzing carnallite preparing potassium chloride includes cylindrical shell, the enclosure interior
It is provided with coaxial inner barrel and outer barrel, forms circular interlayer between the inner barrel and outer barrel, wherein interval in the interlayer
It is provided with multiple groups spiral deflector, makes to form the spiral helicine flow-guiding channel of multiple groups in the interlayer.
In crystallizer provided by the present invention for hydrolyzing carnallite preparing potassium chloride, 4~12 groups are divided into the interlayer
Spiral helicine flow-guiding channel.
In crystallizer provided by the present invention for hydrolyzing carnallite preparing potassium chloride, the longitudinal direction of the inner barrel and outer barrel is cutd open
Face shape is that top is in back taper, and lower part is in rectangle.
In crystallizer provided by the present invention for hydrolyzing carnallite preparing potassium chloride, the spiral helicine flow-guiding channel
Length is 10~30 times of the side wall length of the interlayer longitudinal profile.
Provided by the present invention for hydrolyze carnallite preparing potassium chloride crystallizer in, the back taper side of the inner cylinder and its
The angle of rectangular edges extended line is 30~50 °.
Provided by the present invention for hydrolyze carnallite preparing potassium chloride crystallizer in, the back taper side of the outer cylinder and its
The angle of rectangular edges extended line is 30~45 °.
In crystallizer provided by the present invention for hydrolyzing carnallite preparing potassium chloride, the side wall of the shell and bottom
Angle is 45~70 °.
In crystallizer provided by the present invention for hydrolyzing carnallite preparing potassium chloride, the height of the shell and it is outer straight
Diameter ratio is 1 ﹕ 1~3.5；Further, the height of the shell and outer diameter diameter ratio are 1 ﹕ 2~3.5.
Crystallizer provided by the invention increases spiral stream guidance channel, thus can be obviously prolonged carnallite and decomposition nut liquid
Thus flow path is added significantly to the residence time of material, be conducive to being fully hydrolyzed for carnallite, especially large-sized light
Halogen stone solves the problems, such as that big partial size carnallite cannot hydrolyze very well.Potassium chloride is produced using crystallizer of the invention, material exists
" complete mixing flow " and " plug flow " both of which can be had both simultaneously when wherein flowing, breaches the limitation of material action time, improved
The production efficiency of crystallizer and the rate of recovery of potassium chloride, while decreasing the raw material in production process and energy consumption.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the section structure of crystallizer of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the section structure of existing crystallizer；
Wherein, the reference numerals are as follows:
1, outer cylinder；2, inner cylinder；3, deflector；4, carnallite import；5, mother liquor import；6, overflow box outlet；7, product goes out
Mouthful；8, shell；9, agitating device；10, settling section；11, dissolution zone；12, race way.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, it is described more fully with and shows with reference to the drawings
Example embodiment.However, example embodiment can be implemented in a variety of forms, and it is not understood as limited to reality set forth herein
Apply mode；On the contrary, thesing embodiments are provided so that the present invention will be full and complete, and the design of example embodiment is comprehensive
Ground is communicated to those skilled in the art.Identical appended drawing reference indicates same or similar structure in figure, thus will omit it
Detailed description.
Although the term of relativity, such as "upper" "lower" is used to describe a component of icon for another in this specification
The relativeness of one component, but these terms are in this manual merely for convenient, for example, with reference to the accompanying drawings described in show
The direction of example.It is appreciated that, if making it turn upside down the device overturning of icon, the component described in "upper" will
As the component in "lower".When certain structure is at other structures "upper", it is possible to refer to that certain structural integrity is formed in other structures
On, or refer to that certain structure is " direct " and be arranged in other structures, or refer to that certain structure is arranged by the way that another structure is " indirect " in other knots
On structure.
Term "one", " one ", "the", " described " and "at least one" be to indicate that there are one or more elements/groups
At part/etc.；Term " comprising " and " having " is to indicate the open meaning being included and refer in addition to listing
Element/component part/also may be present except waiting other element/component part/etc.；Term " first ", " second " and " third "
It is used as to mark Deng only and use, be not the quantity limitation to its object.
It is existing for hydrolyze the crystallizer of carnallite preparing potassium chloride can be traditional DTB crystallizer, or
Improved crystallizer (such as Chinese patent CN 103073030A), as shown in Fig. 2, crystallizer main body be a shell 8, can be
Cylinder is provided with the inner cylinder 2 and outer cylinder 1 of coaxial, inside and outside intussusception in shell 8, forms guide shell, inner cylinder 2 and outer cylinder 1 it is vertical
It is top in back taper, lower part rectangular shape to section.Be respectively arranged at the top of shell 8 carnallite import 4 and mother liquor into
Mouth 5, for conveying carnallite and decomposition nut liquid, carnallite import 4 and mother liquor import 5 are connected with inner cylinder 2, mother liquor import 5
Pipeline extends to the bottom of inner cylinder 2.Overflow box outlet 6 and products export 7 are additionally provided on the side wall of shell 8, wherein overflowing liquid
The top of 8 side wall of shell is arranged in outlet 6, is discharged for decomposition nut liquid overflow, and products export 7 is arranged under 8 side wall of shell
Portion, for obtained potassium chloride to be discharged.Lower part in inner cylinder 2 is provided with agitating device 9, by being arranged at the top of crystallizer
Motor driven.
Space in shell 8 is divided into multiple functional areas, and the space surrounded between outer cylinder 1 and shell 8 is settling section 10,
The back taper region on 2 top of inner cylinder is dissolution zone 11, and lower area is race way 12, and agitating device 9 is located in race way 12.
When above-mentioned crystallizer is run, carnallite is entered by carnallite import 4 in the inner cylinder 2 of guide shell, and a certain amount of point
Hydrolysis mother liquor is then entered the race way 12 of 2 bottom of inner cylinder by mother liquor import 5, starts to mix under the stirring of agitating device 9, light halogen
The mixed material of stone and mother liquor is flowed to top dissolution zone 11, then by the interlayer between outer cylinder 1 and inner cylinder 2, is discharged into later
The bottom of crystallizer, potassium chloride are gradually grown up, and the fine grain that do not grow up is grown up in 10 side rising edge of settling section, with potassium chloride
Continue to increase, the potassium chloride particle grown up sinks to crystalliser feet, crystalline potassium chloride and originally existed a part of sodium chloride
Solid and decomposition nut liquid are discharged by products export 7, are delivered to downstream process, extra mother liquor and the crystallized device top of subtle little particle
Overflow box outlet 6 overflow.
At runtime, carnallite effective stay time in crystallizer is short for existing crystallizer, and large-sized carnallite is difficult
To be fully hydrolyzed, the rate of recovery of potassium chloride is influenced, the additional amount of decomposition nut liquid is also needed much larger than theoretical amount.Back taper shown in Fig. 2
Shape guide shell can change and improve the hydrolysis situation of carnallite to a certain extent, but still be unable to reach ideal effect.It is either conventional
DTB type crystallizer or improved back taper guide shell crystallizer, the mixed material of carnallite and mother liquor in crystallizer all
It is a kind of " complete mixing flow " this reaction pattern, limits further increasing for potassium chloride recovery efficiency.
Based on this, the present invention provides a kind of novel crystallizers for being used to hydrolyze carnallite preparing potassium chloride, such as Fig. 1 institute
Show, in the circular interlayer between inner cylinder 2 and outer cylinder 1, be arranged at intervals with multiple groups spiral deflector 3, so as to be formed in interlayer
The spiral helicine flow-guiding channel of multiple groups.
When crystallizer of the invention is run, the mixed material of carnallite and mother liquor is assembled to dissolution zone 11, part
The carnallite and mother liquor of dissolution enter in interlayer, then flow through spiral helicine flow-guiding channel, and helical form flow-guiding channel dramatically increases
The flow path of material, at this point, the mixed material of carnallite and decomposition nut liquid is approximate plug flow by complete mixing flow Mode change
Mode, residence time of the material in crystallizer substantially extend, increase the action time of carnallite and decomposition nut liquid, be conducive to
The abundant dissolution of big partial size carnallite.More abundant due to hydrolyzing, the amount that carnallite is hydrolyzed under same mother liquor additive amount is more, helps
In the yield of raising crystallizer production efficiency and potassium chloride, and reduce raw material and energy consumption to a certain extent.
In crystallizer provided by the invention, deflector 3 is arranged in the shape of a spiral along inner cylinder 2, can be arranged for uniform pitch,
It can be arranged with non-uniform pitch, and can be according to the length requirement of flow-guiding channel come appropriate adjustment screw pitch.At one according to the present invention
In preferred embodiment, deflector 3 is uniform pitch setting.
In crystallizer provided by the invention, spaced multiple groups deflector 3 can be to be equidistantly spaced, can also be with
The setting of any distance interval.In a preferred embodiment according to the present invention, the deflector 3 of multiple groups sets for equidistant intervals
It sets.
In crystallizer provided by the invention, the quantity of flow-guiding channel is more, is conducive to extend the residence time of material, but easily
It is limited by crystallizer space environment, the factors such as comprehensive residence time, technique difficulty, production cost, flow-guiding channel can be 4
~12 groups.
In crystallizer provided by the invention, the length of flow-guiding channel is longer, and the residence time of material is longer, but is also tied
The limitation of brilliant device space environment, the factors such as actual conditions, technique difficulty, the production cost of comprehensive carnallite crystalliser pan, water conservancy diversion are logical
The length in road can be 10~30 times of raw material distance, as the 10~30 of the side wall length of interlayer longitudinal profile times.When leading
Flow cartridge be Fig. 2 shown in structure when, the length of raw material distance include reverse taper portion side edge length and rectangle side it is long
The summation of degree.
In crystallizer provided by the invention, the angle of the back taper side of inner cylinder 2 and its rectangular edges extended line can for 30~
50 °, the back taper side of outer cylinder 1 and the angle of its rectangular edges extended line can be 30~45 °.The back taper side of inner barrel and outer barrel with
The angle of rectangular edges extended line, which is provided with, is conducive to the flow velocity of control material in a crystallizer, selects suitable angle can guarantee and extends
The residence time of carnallite particle, corner dimension can be according to the sources of the environment temperature, raw material carnallite that crystallizer is in, production
Ability etc. is because usually adjusting.The excessive deposition for easily leading to carnallite of angle, influences production efficiency, and if angle is too small, it can
Influence the discomposing effect of carnallite.
In crystallizer provided by the invention, the side wall of shell 8 and the angle of housing bottom can be 45~70 °.
In crystallizer provided by the invention, the height of shell 8 and outer diameter diameter ratio can be 1 ﹕ 1~3.5, for example, can be with
For 1 ﹕ 1.0,1 ﹕ 1.5,1 ﹕ 2.0,1 ﹕ 2.5,1 ﹕ 3.0,1 ﹕ 3.5 or the combination in any number section.In existing crystallizer, light halogen
The mixed material of stone and mother liquor is mainly dissolved in dissolution zone flowing, stop and gradually, and inner barrel and outer barrel need to guarantee certain height
Guarantee the residence time of material, limits the height and outer diameter ratio of shell.The present invention is logical due to being provided with spiral helicine water conservancy diversion
Road effectively increases residence time and the circulating path of mixed material, therefore in the case where same volume, the height of shell can be into one
Step reduces, and design in this way can shorten the length of agitating shaft, so that the operation stability of agitating device can be improved, while subtracting and stirring
Axis intermediate bearing is mixed, can be reduced the fault point, so that the crystallizer long period continuous and steady operation time can be improved, it is final to improve single tank
Production capacity.In a preferred embodiment according to the present invention, the height and outer diameter diameter ratio of shell can be 1 ﹕ 2~3.5.
In crystallizer provided by the invention, due to effectively increasing residence time and the circulating path of mixed material, light halogen
The mixed material of stone and mother liquor need not be completely in being dissolved in inner cylinder, therefore the revolving speed of agitating device 9 can decrease, and have in this way
Conducive to the degree of crushing for reducing crystalliser feet potassium chloride, the stability of agitating device is improved, power consumption is saved, into one
Step realizes energy efficiency.
In crystallizer provided by the invention, CFD and FEA technology can be used in the design of crystallizer and agitating device, it is right
Field of flow and mold structure optimize, and are conducive to carnallite decomposition reaction and sufficiently carry out, and meet carnallite decomposition and crystallization need
It asks, to improve yield, reduces unit output energy consumption.
Embodiment
The crystallizer of the present embodiment is as shown in Figure 1, the cylindrical shell 8 of the crystallizer is 8.0m high, diameter 24m, 2 top of inner cylinder
High 3.0m, upper port diameter are 16.0m, and lower port diameter is 8.8m, the back taper side of inner cylinder 2 and the angle of rectangular edges extended line
It is 39.8 °, 2 lower part of inner cylinder is tubular construction (longitudinal sectional shape is rectangle), the high 2.0m in its underpart, apart from crystallizer ellipse
Cone shell bottom 2.0m.
The high 3.0m in the top of outer cylinder 1, upper port diameter are 17.5m, and lower port diameter is 10.5m, the back taper of outer cylinder 1
The angle of side and rectangular edges extended line is 40.6 °, and 1 lower part of outer cylinder is tubular construction (longitudinal sectional shape is rectangle), its underpart
High 1.5m, apart from crystallizer elliptic cone housing bottom 2.5m.
The spiral deflector 3 of 5 groups of uniform pitch is set in the interlayer that inner cylinder 2 and outer cylinder 1 are formed, so as to form 5 groups in interlayer
Spiral helicine flow-guiding channel.The length of flow-guiding channel is adjusted between 75~225m.In the state of no deflector 3, carnallite
It is about 6~8 seconds with the residence time of the mixed material of decomposition nut liquid in interlayer, after increasing deflector 3, mixed material exists
Residence time in interlayer improves according to the different of flow-guiding channel length to 60~210 seconds.
Carnallite is handled using above-mentioned crystallizer, treating capacity is greater than 750t/h, exports underflow density 30% (volume ratio).It adopts
Related component in carnallite and its hydrolysate is analyzed with the existing analytical standard in China or documents and materials, is tied according to these analyses
Fruit determines that the potassium chloride yield of its crystallizer is greater than 70%, and practical mother liquor additive amount is not more than the 103% of theoretical additive amount.
The crystallizer that could be used without setting flow-guiding channel, is hydrolyzed carnallite, potassium chloride according to same process condition
The rate of recovery is about 65%, and practical mother liquor additive amount is 110% or more of theoretical additive amount.
As can be seen that during using crystallizer hydrolysis producing potassium chloride from carnallite of the invention, due to Matter Transfer
The growth in path, large-sized carnallite effective stay time in crystallizer is obviously elongated, is not increasing crystallizer quantity
Under the premise of realize carnallite efficient-decomposition crystallization, be also greatly improved in terms of control mother liquor additive amount, crystallizer give birth to
The yield for producing efficiency and potassium chloride is all significantly improved.
Although the preferred embodiments of the invention, those skilled in the art has been disclosed in order to illustrate the present invention
Member can be the present invention it should be appreciated that in the case where not departing from present inventive concept defined by claims and range
Various modifications, addition and replacement out.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811182298.7A CN109173327A (en) | 2018-10-11 | 2018-10-11 | It is a kind of for hydrolyzing the crystallizer of carnallite preparing potassium chloride |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811182298.7A CN109173327A (en) | 2018-10-11 | 2018-10-11 | It is a kind of for hydrolyzing the crystallizer of carnallite preparing potassium chloride |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111643924A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-09-11 | 中蓝长化工程科技有限公司 | Circulating fluidized bed decomposition crystallization device and decomposition crystallization method |
| CN113713746A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-11-30 | 自然资源部天津海水淡化与综合利用研究所 | Novel reactive crystallization system and working method |
| CN114956125A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-08-30 | 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 | Method for improving yield of potassium chloride produced from fine-grain high-sodium carnallite |
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| GB1282152A (en) * | 1968-09-04 | 1972-07-19 | Union Rheinische Braunkohlen | A continuous process for the partial crystallisation of a liquid and apparatus therefor |
| CN102070161A (en) * | 2010-11-22 | 2011-05-25 | 华东理工大学 | Method for strengthening dissolving of potassium chloride fine crystal |
| CN103073030A (en) * | 2013-02-01 | 2013-05-01 | 青海盐湖工业股份有限公司 | Crystallizer for hydrolyzing carnallite |
| CN104058428A (en) * | 2014-07-10 | 2014-09-24 | 青海盐湖工业股份有限公司 | Novel system and method for producing potassium chloride by utilizing carnallite |
| CN204637635U (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-09-16 | 江苏揽山环境科技有限公司 | A kind of desulfurated plaster crystallization apparatus |
| CN105540620A (en) * | 2011-01-20 | 2016-05-04 | 罗克伍德锂公司 | Production of high purity lithium compounds directly from lithium containing brines |
| CN207627970U (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-07-20 | 天津恒脉机电科技股份有限公司 | A kind of crystallizing evaporator conical head goes out liquid structure |
| CN209108654U (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-07-16 | 北京恩泽佳立科技有限公司 | It is a kind of for hydrolyzing the crystallizer of carnallite preparing potassium chloride |
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| GB1282152A (en) * | 1968-09-04 | 1972-07-19 | Union Rheinische Braunkohlen | A continuous process for the partial crystallisation of a liquid and apparatus therefor |
| CN102070161A (en) * | 2010-11-22 | 2011-05-25 | 华东理工大学 | Method for strengthening dissolving of potassium chloride fine crystal |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111643924A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-09-11 | 中蓝长化工程科技有限公司 | Circulating fluidized bed decomposition crystallization device and decomposition crystallization method |
| CN113713746A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-11-30 | 自然资源部天津海水淡化与综合利用研究所 | Novel reactive crystallization system and working method |
| CN114956125A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-08-30 | 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 | Method for improving yield of potassium chloride produced from fine-grain high-sodium carnallite |
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Application publication date: 20190111 |
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