CN109164384A - Motor stator insulated ageing test apparatus and test method - Google Patents
Motor stator insulated ageing test apparatus and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109164384A CN109164384A CN201810690349.0A CN201810690349A CN109164384A CN 109164384 A CN109164384 A CN 109164384A CN 201810690349 A CN201810690349 A CN 201810690349A CN 109164384 A CN109164384 A CN 109164384A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000000306 recurrent effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/34—Testing dynamo-electric machines
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Abstract
A kind of motor stator insulated ageing test apparatus, including dual-pulse power supply, output front and back half period opposite polarity recurrent pulses, pulsewidth, amplitude and the rising edge of the recurrent pulses and the time of failing edge are adjustable；Switch-box has multiple switches for switched path in case, and the input terminal of the switch-box is connect with the dual-pulse power supply, changes the output end voltage of the switch-box by adjusting the syntagmatic of the multiple switch in the switch-box；The switch-box maintains output voltage by scheduled duration, carries out Aging Test for the stator to subject motor.This invention simplifies degradation systems, accelerate motor stator ager process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electromechanical testing field more particularly to a kind of motor stator ageing test apparatus and test methods.
Background technique
Electric car refers to using vehicle power supply as power, with motor driven wheels travel, meets road traffic, security legislation
The vehicle of requirements.It is the current vehicle relatively recommended since effect on environment is smaller with respect to orthodox car.Electric car is logical
Often it is divided into: pure electric automobile (BEV), hybrid vehicle (PHEV), fuel cell car (FCEV).Wherein, pure electric automobile
It is the automobile being driven by motor, for opposite fuel-engined vehicle, main difference is that four big components: driving motor, speed setting controller,
Power battery, onboard charger.The quality discrepancy of pure electric automobile depends on this four big component, and value height also depends on this
The quality of four big components.
Pure electric automobile speed per hour speed and starting speed depend on the power and performance of driving motor, the work of drive motor
The electric energy of power supply is converted to mechanical energy with being, then passes through transmission device or direct drive of wheel and other equipments.Therefore,
Driving motor on electric car is one of core of automobile, its service life and reliability are directly related to the service life of vehicle
And safety.So motor ages test system, is just particularly important the exploitation of automobile drive motor.
When the motor failure of insulation time is main and frequency converter exports the rising of the voltage magnitude of square-wave pulse, rising edge of a pulse
Between and pulse frequency dependence, while by ambient temperature effect locating for motor.Existing motor ages pilot system, such as
Shown in Fig. 1, including rectification unit 1, DC simulation unit 2, Dynamometer Control device 3, dynamometer machine 4, subject motor 5 and subject motor
Controller 6.It further include environment storehouse 7 when carrying out heat ageing.Existing pilot system generally uses rectification unit 1 and direct current mould
The combination of quasi-simple member 2 is powered to subject motor 6, to adapt to Dynamometer Control device 3, the subject electric machine controller of different voltages grade
6 and subject motor 5 demand.Specifically, load exists as shown in Fig. 2, generally providing three-phase voltage by subject electric machine controller 6
It is tested 5 input terminal of motor.6 inside of subject electric machine controller generally generates square wave pulse voltage by frequency converter, passes through frequency converter control
System subject motor 6.
To sum up, it is used to examine the motor ages test macro of motor insulation ag(e)ing at present, generallys use a dynamometer machine and drag
A subject motor is moved, the overall structure of system mainly includes dynamometer machine and its control system, it is tested electric motor and controller system,
Subject motor is powered by subject electric machine controller, while subject motor is placed in simulated environment temperature in environment storehouse.
Such motor ages test system, system structure is complicated, and high failure rate is expensive.On the other hand due to being become
The limitation of frequency device switching frequency, motor lack acceleration mechanism in terms of insulation ag(e)ing examination.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of motor stator ageing test apparatus and test methods, for electric car
Driving motor carries out degradation, counts its insulation ag(e)ing time.The subjects of existing motor ages test are entire electricity
Machine, for this purpose, need to build comprising the complicated survey including dynamometer machine and its control system, subject electric motor and controller system and frequency converter
Trial assembly is set.And in fact, the service life of motor depends on the service life of its core component stator, therefore the present invention is proposed for stator
Ageing test apparatus reduces costs to simplify pilot system, moreover it is possible to adjust pulse frequency, accelerated ageing on a large scale
Journey shortens test period.
The present invention provides a kind of motor stator insulated ageing test apparatus, comprising:
Dual-pulse power supply, output front and back half period opposite polarity recurrent pulses, the pulsewidth of the recurrent pulses, width
The time of value and rising edge and failing edge is adjustable；
Switch-box, including multiple switches for switched path, the input terminal of the switch-box and the dual-pulse power supply
Connection, changes the output end voltage of the switch-box by adjusting the syntagmatic of the multiple switch in the switch-box；It is described
Switch-box maintains output voltage on schedule, carries out Aging Test for the stator to subject motor.
Above-mentioned motor stator insulated ageing test apparatus, further includes:
The stator in environment storehouse, the subject motor is set in the environment storehouse, and the environment storehouse is the subject motor
Stator provide different temperatures environment.
Above-mentioned motor stator insulated ageing test apparatus, wherein the environment storehouse provides high/low temperature performance test or temperature
Temperature environment needed for spending cyclic test.
Above-mentioned motor stator insulated ageing test apparatus, wherein first switch, second are included at least in the switch-box
The switching frequency of switch, third switch and the 4th switch, the first switch, second switch, third switch and the 4th switch can
It adjusts, in which:
The first switch is connected with second switch, and the third switch is connected with the 4th switch；
One end of concatenated first switch and second switch switchs with concatenated third and connect with one end of the 4th switch, and
It is connect with the positive input of the switch-box；
The other end of concatenated first switch and second switch connects with concatenated third switch and the other end of the 4th switch
It connects, and is connect with the reverse input end of the switch-box.
Above-mentioned motor stator insulated ageing test apparatus, wherein
The leading point of the output end of the switch-box is respectively between first switch and second switch, third switch and the 4th
Between switch and positive input；Or
The leading point of the output end of the switch-box is respectively between first switch and second switch, third switch and the 4th
Between switch and reverse input end.
Above-mentioned motor stator insulated ageing test apparatus, wherein the switching frequency of the pulse power is adjustable, adjustable
Range is 0Hz~100kHz.
The present invention also provides a kind of motor stator insulated aging testing methods, are filled using test described in any of the above embodiments
The stator for setting connection subject motor carries out continuous working test to stator, and off-test detects the insulation performance of the stator, institute
Test method is stated to include the following steps:
Conducting/closure the assembled state switched in the switch-box is adjusted, to change the voltage of stator input；
Output frequency, pulsewidth and rising edge and the failing edge time of the dual-pulse power supply are adjusted, it is actual to simulate
Electric machine controller loads the pwm pulse voltage in motor end；
The stator operating of the subject motor is kept on schedule.
Above-mentioned motor stator insulated aging testing method, wherein the switching frequency of the dual-pulse power supply is adjusted, with mould
Intend actual electric machine controller load in the pwm pulse voltage of motor end.
The present invention also provides a kind of motor stator insulated aging testing methods, are filled using test described in any of the above embodiments
The stator for setting connection subject motor carries out environmental test to stator, and off-test detects the insulation performance of the stator, the examination
Proved recipe method includes the following steps:
Conducting/closure the assembled state switched in the switch-box is adjusted, to change the voltage of stator input；
Output frequency, pulsewidth and rising edge and the failing edge time of the dual-pulse power supply are adjusted, it is actual to simulate
Electric machine controller loads the pwm pulse voltage in motor end；
Adjust the temperature condition in the environment storehouse；
The stator operating of the subject motor is kept on schedule.
Compared with prior art, technical solution of the present invention has the advantages that
1, with entire motor be generally in the prior art, examination object, contain the stator of motor, rotor, shell and
Some accessories.Its test macro and its complexity generally comprise fairing, dynamometer machine and its controller, DC/DC inversion
Device, electric machine controller and shaft coupling, torductor, a series of mechanical part of rotations such as bearing group, system complex, therefore
Barrier rate is high, expensive.It is examination object, test macro with the stator of motor in the test device and method that the present invention announces
It can only include at least a dual-pulse power supply and a switch-box, greatly simplifie test macro.
2, the limitation of frequency converter used by voltage and electric current in the prior art, is tested, switching frequency generally exists
10kHz~15kHz or so.The switching frequency highest of dual-pulse power supply can achieve 100kHz, during the test can be very big
Ground accelerates motor stator ager process, shortens test period, improves efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the ordinary test system of the prior art；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of three phase alternating current motor power supply；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention motor stator ageing test apparatus；
Fig. 4 a is one of Fig. 3 motor stator energized state isoboles；
Fig. 4 b is the two of Fig. 3 motor stator energized state isoboles；
Fig. 4 c is the three of Fig. 3 motor stator energized state isoboles.
Specific embodiment
To be clearer and more comprehensible the purpose of the present invention, feature, a specific embodiment of the invention is made with reference to the accompanying drawing
Further instruction, however, the present invention can be realized with different forms, it should not be to be confined to the embodiment described.
Insulation ag(e)ing refers to because of the long term of the factors such as electric field, temperature, mechanical force, humidity, ambient enviroment, sets electrician
Standby the phenomenon that quality is gradually reduced in the process of running, structure is gradually damaged of insulating.The speed and insulation system, material of insulation ag(e)ing
Material, manufacturing process, running environment, suffered voltage, load condition etc. have substantial connection.Insulation ag(e)ing eventually leads to failure of insulation,
Equipment cannot continue to run.The reason of causing insulation ag(e)ing can be attributed to the effect of electricity, the effect of heat, chemical action, mechanical force
Effect, influence of humidity etc..What the application focused on is voltage ageing (continuous work) and heat ageing (high/low temperature work, temperature
Circulation) laboratory test methods.The prior art is limited to the limitation of frequency converter switching frequency, lacks in Aging Test
Acceleration mechanism, the test period is longer, expends more man power and material.The present invention attempts to run jointly by high frequency dual-pulse power supply and group
It closes, the pwm pulse voltage of simulated machine controller output, simplified control system shortens the predetermined time of Aging Test.
Present invention firstly provides a kind of switch-boxes, include more in the switch-box 8 as shown in 8 part of label in Fig. 3
A adjustable switch of switching frequency, the syntagmatic by adjusting the multiple switch in the switch-box 8 (switch on-off group
Close) keep the three phase mains of the output of the switch-box 8 different from the connection relationship of tested stator.
In the present embodiment, opened in the switch-box 8 including first switch K1, second switch K2, third switch K3 and the 4th
Close K4.Wherein the first switch K1 connects with second switch K2, and the third switch K3 connects with the 4th switch K4；And it goes here and there
The first switch K1 of connection is connect with one end of second switch K2 with concatenated third switch K3 with one end of the 4th switch K4, and with
The positive input Udc connection of the switch-box 8；The other end of concatenated first switch K1 and second switch K2 and concatenated the
Three switch K3 are connect with the other end of the 4th switch K4, and are connect with the reverse input end-Udc of the switch-box 8.
Further, the output end of the switch-box 8 draws 3 output points, to constitute three phase mains.In the present embodiment,
Leading point is respectively between first switch K1 and second switch K2, between third switch K3 and the 4th switch K4 and reversed input
End-Udc.In another embodiment, leading point can also be respectively between first switch K1 and second switch K2, third switch
Between K3 and the 4th switch K4 and positive input Udc.
Further, in order to accelerate or regulate and control motor stator ageing time, the switch need to be adjustable for switching frequency
Switch.The switch can be single-pole single-throw switch (SPST) in traditional sense, single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) etc., be also possible to it is controlled can high frequency
The electronic switch of switching.
Further, the first switch K1 and second switch K2 remains that a logical disconnected state, the third are opened
It closes K3 and the 4th switch K4 and remains a logical disconnected state.If first switch K1 is connected to simultaneously with second switch K2, or
Third switch K3 and the 4th switch K4 are connected to simultaneously, then the forward and reverse input terminal of switch-box (output end of dual-pulse power supply) short circuit,
Dual-pulse power supply will enter short-circuit protection state.If first switch K1 and second switch K2 are simultaneously switched off or third switch K3
It being simultaneously switched off with the 4th switch K4, then the output end of switch-box is no longer the structure of three-phase electricity, but exists and at least open a way all the way,
The power supply for being so tested motor 5 is invalid, is tested 5 cisco unity malfunction of motor.
With continued reference to FIG. 3, the present embodiment proposes that a kind of pair of motor stator carries out the device of degradation, its essence is right
Motor stator carries out the examination of long charged work, replaces traditional system tested entire motor.This test dress
It sets including dual-pulse power supply 9, switch-box 8, environment storehouse 7 and the stator 51 for being tested motor 5.
The dual-pulse power supply, output front and back half period opposite polarity recurrent pulses, the arteries and veins of the recurrent pulses
The time of wide, amplitude and rising edge and failing edge is adjustable.The output of the dual-pulse power supply is adjustable can flexibly to simulate electricity
The various working of machine real work makes to test closer to the fact, then just more credible by the ageing time that Test Summary goes out
Degree.And the switching frequency of the pulse power is adjustable, adjustable extent is 0Hz~100kHz, during the experiment can be very big
Ground accelerates motor stator ager process.When the output frequency of dual-pulse power supply described in structure adjusting, pulsewidth, rising edge and failing edge
Between and the load of switching frequency analog actual electric machine controller subject motor end pwm pulse voltage.
The input terminal of the switch-box is connect with the dual-pulse power supply, there is multiple switches for switched path in case,
Change the voltage of the switch-box output end by adjusting the syntagmatic of the multiple switch in the switch-box.It is shown in Fig. 3
Embodiment in, three output ends of the switch-box are respectively the first output end U, second output terminal V and third output end W,
By first switch K1, second switch K2, third switch K3 and the different switch combination state of the 4th switch K4, make the subject
The voltage and subject motor input voltage is completely the same in the prior art, Ke Yida that three input terminals of the stator of motor are born
To the purpose for replacing motor complete machine to be tested.Specifically, first switch K1, second switch K2, third switch K3 and the 4th are opened
The combination for closing K4 is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
As shown in Table 1, pass through the on-off of switching first switch K1, second switch K2, third switch K3 and the 4th switch K4
State can determine to load the input voltage state in the stator 51.When concatenated first switch K1 and second switch K2 and/
Concatenated third switch K3 and the 4th switch K4 all-pass or it is complete disconnected when, the stator 51 does not work, therefore, actual effectively to open
Closing assembled state has 3 kinds, and different switch combination states determines the difference of the three-phase line end voltage of the stator 51.In table 1
Listed is the corresponding relationship of the line end voltage of all effective switch combination states and stator 51.
In table 1, isoboles in 1 corresponding diagram 4a of state, it is defeated to be equivalent to first for first switch K1 and third switch K3 closure
Outlet U and second output terminal V two o'clock short circuit, therefore no-voltage between the first output end U and second output terminal V, dual-pulse power supply 9
Output voltage is respectively applied between second output terminal V and third output end W between third output end W and the first output end U.
The isoboles in 2 corresponding diagram 4b of state in table 1, first switch K1 and the 4th switch K4 closure, are equivalent to second
Output end V and third output end W two o'clock short circuit, therefore no-voltage between second output terminal V and third output end W, dual-pulse power supply 9
Output voltage be respectively applied between the first output end U and second output terminal V with third output end W and the first output end U it
Between.
The isoboles in 3 corresponding diagram 4c of state in table 1, second switch K2 and third switch K3 closure, are equivalent to third
Output end W and the first output end U two o'clock short circuit, therefore no-voltage between third output end W and the first output end U, dual-pulse power supply 9
Output voltage be respectively applied between the first output end U and second output terminal V with second output terminal V and third output end W it
Between.
Further, in order to stator progress heat ageing examination, the dress that degradation is carried out to motor stator
Setting further includes environment storehouse 7.The environment storehouse 7 provides different temperatures environment for the stator of the subject motor, will be described when test
The stator of subject motor is set in the environment storehouse 7.Specifically, the environment storehouse 7 provides high/low temperature performance test or temperature
Temperature environment needed for cyclic test.
The present invention also provides a kind of motor stator insulated aging testing methods, and experimental rig as shown in Figure 3 connects quilt
The stator 51 for trying motor carries out continuous working test (voltage ageing examination) to stator 51, and off-test detects the stator 51
Insulation performance counts the insulation ag(e)ing time.The test method includes the following steps:
Conducting/closure the assembled state switched in the switch-box is adjusted, to change 51 input terminal three-phase line end of stator
Voltage；
Output frequency, pulsewidth and rising edge and the failing edge time of the dual-pulse power supply are adjusted, it is actual to simulate
Electric machine controller loads the pwm pulse voltage in motor end；
The stator 51 of the subject motor is kept to operate on schedule.
The present invention also provides a kind of motor stator insulated aging testing methods, and experimental rig as shown in Figure 3 connects quilt
The stator 51 for trying motor carries out environmental test (heat ageing examination) to stator 51, and off-test detects the insulation of the stator 51
Performance counts the insulation ag(e)ing time.The test method includes the following steps:
Conducting/the closed state switched in the switch-box is adjusted, to change 51 input terminal three-phase line end voltage of stator；
Output frequency, pulsewidth and rising edge and the failing edge time of the dual-pulse power supply are adjusted, it is actual to simulate
Electric machine controller loads the pwm pulse voltage in motor end；
Adjust the temperature condition in the environment storehouse；
The stator 51 of the subject motor is kept to operate on schedule.
Further, the temperature condition in the environment storehouse includes high and low temperature environment and temperature cycles environment.
Further, by the switching in turn between 8 three kinds of states of switch-box, three-phase windings in stator 51 can also be realized
Temperature is uniformly distributed.
Of the invention carries out the device of degradation due to only to the key component stator inside subject motor 5 to motor stator
51 are tested, with local test instead of overall test, so as to replace traditional test system with a dual-pulse power supply 9
Rectification unit 1, DC simulation unit, Dynamometer Control device 3 and dynamometer machine 4 in system replace subject motor control with switch-box 8
Device 6.Experimental rig of the invention enormously simplifies matching used various detection devices and energy compared to traditional pilot system
Source device reduces the requirement to these equipment, greatly reduces experimentation cost, saved test procedure.
Motor stator aging testing method of the invention can carry out degradation to motor stator using of the invention
Device, it is easy to use, test efficiency can be improved, more human costs can be saved, is provided very well for accelerated aging test
Solution, the examination suitable for industrial enterprise to motor.
Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various modification and variations without departing from spirit of the invention to invention
And range.If in this way, these modifications and changes of the present invention belong to the claims in the present invention and its equivalent technologies range it
Interior, then the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of motor stator insulated ageing test apparatus characterized by comprising
Dual-pulse power supply, output front and back half period opposite polarity recurrent pulses, the pulsewidths of the recurrent pulses, amplitude with
And the time of rising edge and failing edge is adjustable；
Switch-box, including multiple switches for switched path, the input terminal of the switch-box is connect with the dual-pulse power supply,
Change the output end voltage of the switch-box by adjusting the syntagmatic of the multiple switch in the switch-box；The switch-box
Output voltage is maintained on schedule, and Aging Test is carried out to the stator of subject motor.
2. motor stator insulated ageing test apparatus as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include:
The stator in environment storehouse, the subject motor is set in the environment storehouse, and the environment storehouse is determining for the subject motor
Son provides different temperatures environment.
3. motor stator insulated ageing test apparatus as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the environment storehouse provides height
Temperature environment needed for warm performance test or temperature cycling test.
4. motor stator insulated ageing test apparatus as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that at least wrapped in the switch-box
First switch, second switch, third switch and the 4th switch are included, the first switch, second switch, third switch and the 4th are opened
The switching frequency of pass is adjustable, in which:
The first switch is connected with second switch, and the third switch is connected with the 4th switch；
One end that one end of concatenated first switch and second switch and concatenated third switch are switched with the 4th is connect, and with institute
State the positive input connection of switch-box；
The other end of concatenated first switch and second switch is switched with concatenated third and is connect with the other end of the 4th switch, and
It is connect with the reverse input end of the switch-box.
5. motor stator insulated ageing test apparatus as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that:
The leading point of the output end of the switch-box is respectively between first switch and second switch, third switch and the 4th switch
Between and positive input；Or
The leading point of the output end of the switch-box is respectively between first switch and second switch, third switch and the 4th switch
Between and reverse input end.
6. motor stator insulated ageing test apparatus as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the switching of the pulse power
Frequency is adjustable, and adjustable extent is 0Hz~100kHz.
7. a kind of motor stator continuous working test method, which is characterized in that use the described in any item examinations of claim 1~6
The stator of experiment device connection subject motor, carries out continuous working test to stator, off-test detects the insulating properties of the stator
Can, the test method includes the following steps:
Conducting/closure the assembled state switched in the switch-box is adjusted, to change the voltage of stator input；
Output frequency, pulsewidth and rising edge and the failing edge time of the dual-pulse power supply are adjusted, to simulate actual motor
Controller loads the pwm pulse voltage in motor end；
The stator operating of the subject motor is kept on schedule.
8. motor stator continuous working test method as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that adjust the dual-pulse power supply
Switching frequency, with simulated machine controller load motor end pwm pulse electric voltage frequency.
9. a kind of motor stator environmental test method, which is characterized in that using the described in any item test dresses of claim 1~6
The stator for setting connection subject motor carries out environmental test to stator, and off-test detects the insulation performance of the stator, the examination
Proved recipe method includes the following steps:
Conducting/closure the assembled state switched in the switch-box is adjusted, to change the voltage of stator input；
Output frequency, pulsewidth and rising edge and the failing edge time of the dual-pulse power supply are adjusted, to simulate actual motor
Controller loads the pwm pulse voltage in motor end；
Adjust the temperature condition in the environment storehouse；
The stator operating of the subject motor is kept on schedule.
10. motor stator environmental test method as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that the temperature condition in the environment storehouse
Including high and low temperature environment and temperature cycles environment.
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| CN201810690349.0A CN109164384B (en) | 2018-06-28 | 2018-06-28 | Motor stator insulation aging test device and test method |
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| CN201810690349.0A CN109164384B (en) | 2018-06-28 | 2018-06-28 | Motor stator insulation aging test device and test method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110134112A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-08-16 | 湖南驰阳信息科技有限公司 | A kind of motor controller of new energy automobile aging equipment |
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| CN109164384B (en) | 2021-04-09 |
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