CN109161658B - 一种风力发电机主轴轴承用钢及其生产方法 - Google Patents
一种风力发电机主轴轴承用钢及其生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109161658B CN109161658B CN201811180693.1A CN201811180693A CN109161658B CN 109161658 B CN109161658 B CN 109161658B CN 201811180693 A CN201811180693 A CN 201811180693A CN 109161658 B CN109161658 B CN 109161658B
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种风力发电机主轴轴承用钢及其生产方法,产品化学成分:C:0.10~0.30%,Si:0.10~0.50%,Mn:0.30~0.80%,Cr:1.30~1.60%,S≤0.025%,P≤0.025%,Ni:3.25~3.75%,Cu≤0.30%,Mo:0.15~0.25%,Al:0.005‑0.05%,N:0.005‑0.015%,Ca≤0.0010%,Ti≤0.003%,O≤0.0015%,As≤0.04%,Sn≤0.03%,Sb≤0.005%,Pb≤0.002%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。生产流程为铁水预处理‑转炉或电弧炉冶炼‑LF精炼‑RH或VD炉精炼‑大截面连铸CCM大连铸坯—连轧—精整,连铸坯和轧坯均进行入坑缓冷和软化退火,钢材具有高的纯净度、组织均匀性和致密度,能够替代电渣钢,并满足风力发电机主轴轴承用钢的要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于冶金技术领域,更具体的是涉及轴承钢及相应的生产工艺。
背景技术
风能是目前最有发展前景的可再生能源,是一种洁净、无污染的绿色能源,在各种可替代能源中,风能的利用前景最为广阔,越来越受到世界各国的重视,其蕴量巨大。
风力发电机轴承是风力发电机组中重要的传动装置,一台风力发电机组应用轴承最多可达32套。所以选好轴承对保证风电机组的安全稳定运行非常重要。风力发电机组轴承一般分为以下几种:偏航轴承、变桨轴承、主轴轴承、增速器轴承和发电机轴承。根据轴承类型不同,技术要求也不同。
风力发电机轴承的工况条件比较恶劣,经受温度、湿度和载荷变化范围很大。其中,风力发电机的主轴轴承是吸收风力作用载荷和传递载荷的主要部件,其性能的好坏不仅对传递效率有影响,而且也决定了主传动链的维护成本。而最关键的是,由于吊装和更换轴承极为不便且成本较高,一次安装拆卸费用即高达几十万到上百万,因此,20年的使用寿命及高可靠性,就成为对风力发电机的主轴轴承的基本要求。综上所述,由于风力发电机组的恶劣工况和长寿命高可靠性的使用要求,使得轴承具有较高的技术复杂度,是公认的国产化难度最大的技术之一,也成为我国风力发电制造业发展的软肋。
目前,在全球风力发电机轴承市场占据统治地位的主要是国外轴承巨头。国内风力发电机轴承企业的产能主要集中在技术门槛相对较低的偏航轴承和变桨轴承上;而主轴轴承和增速器轴承的技术含量很高,还是依靠进口,国内尚处于研制阶段。
当前,风力发电机的主轴轴承用钢主要采用电渣重熔工艺生产的轴承钢,主要采用渗碳轴承钢G20Cr2Ni4,采用电渣重熔工艺生产。由于电渣重熔工艺生产的钢材具有非金属夹杂物颗粒细小且分布均匀、组织均匀性高和致密度高等诸多质量优势,因此,其质量稳定性一直较好。但电渣重熔生产工艺也存在生产效率、产能非常低,能耗和生产成本非常高等明显的劣势,因此,电渣重熔钢的市场竞争力很低。
发明内容
本申请在目前生产渗碳轴承钢的基础上,利用真空脱气、连铸、轧制的高效率、大产能、低成本工艺路线,对关键工序进行优化研究和控制,使钢材获得高的纯净度、高的组织均匀性和高的致密度,替代当前的电渣重熔生产工艺,并使性能满足风力发电机的主轴轴承用钢的要求。
为了满足风力发电机主轴轴承用钢材的纯净度、均匀性、致密性、耐磨性及淬透性要求,本发明通过对钢材化学成分进行合理设计,发明了一种新的真空脱气+连铸生产技术制造的主轴轴承用钢。
本发明对微观夹杂物及宏观夹杂物都提出严格的要求,微观夹杂物包括A类、C类塑性夹杂物和B类、D类脆性夹杂物。因脆性夹杂物在钢中是硬的质点,在轴承运转时产生应力集中,同时在钢的变形过程中易与基体分离产生裂纹,更加剧了应力集中易引起开裂,夹杂物颗粒越大、长度越长其危害越大;而塑性夹杂物在钢中是软的质点,在钢的变形过程中不易与基体之间产生分离,因此其危害较小。
本发明要求微观脆性夹杂物细小:B细系≤1.5级、B粗系≤1.0级、D细系≤1.0级,D粗系≤1.0级、DS系≤1.0级,具体要求见下表1。而宏观夹杂物显著降低了钢的耐磨性、造成严重的应力集中易引起轴承使用过程中的的早期失效,本发明的宏观缺陷按SEP 1927(锻轧钢棒纯净度水浸超声测定方法)水浸高频探伤方法检验,单个夹杂物长度不超过5mm。
表1
钢材低倍组织的均匀性和致密度对轴承的寿命有影响,本发明要求低倍组织采用GB/T 1979对钢材低倍组织评级,要求中心疏松≤1.5级、一般疏松≤1.0级、锭型偏析≤1.0级,中心偏析≤1.5级,并且不允许出现缩孔、裂纹及皮下气泡。
为保证钢材的强度、韧性及耐冲击性,本发明对晶粒度提出要求,要求晶粒度≥5级,同时对抗拉强度要求≥1200MPa,冲击性能AKU要求≥65J,为保证钢材的冷加工性能,要求硬度≤260HBW,脱碳要求≤0.8%D(D为直径)。为保证适用于主轴轴承使用要求,本发明钢材的淬透性能:对淬透性的要求见下表2。
表2
本发明解决上述问题所采用的技术方案为:一种风力发电机主轴轴承用钢,化学成分为:C:0.10~0.30%,Si:0.10~0.50%,Mn:0.30~0.80%,Cr:1.30~1.60%,S≤0.025%,P≤0.025%,Ni:3.25~3.75%,Cu≤0.30%,Mo:0.15~0.25%,Al:0.005-0.05%,N:0.005-0.015%,Ca≤0.0010%,Ti≤0.003%,O≤0.0015%,As≤0.04%,Sn≤0.03%,Sb≤0.005%,Pb≤0.002%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。本发明的风力发电机主轴轴承用钢的化学成分设计依据如下:
1)C含量的确定
在渗碳轴承钢中,碳含量是决定渗碳淬火后零件心部硬度和淬透性最重要的元素之一。提高C含量,能够提高钢材的硬度和强度,进而提高耐磨性。但过高的C含量对钢的韧性不利。因此对于渗碳轴承钢,轴承钢内部既要耐冲击还要有足够的强度。本发明控制其含量为0.10-0.30%
2)Si含量的确定
Si是钢中的脱氧元素,并以固溶强化形式提高钢的硬度和强度。它降低C在铁素体中的扩散速度使回火时析出的碳化物不易聚集,增加钢的回火稳定性,使钢材在较低温度回火时既能降低材料中的内应力也使其保持高的硬度。另外,Si减少摩擦发热时的氧化作用和提高钢的冷变形硬化率从而提高材料的耐磨性。但是,Si含量较高时钢材的韧性降低,而且Si使钢中的过热敏感性、裂纹和脱碳倾向增大。本发明控制Si含量为0.10~0.50%。
3)Mn含量的确定
Mn作为炼钢过程的脱氧元素,是对钢的强化有效的元素,起固溶强化作用,而且Mn能提高钢的淬透性,改善钢的热加工性能。Mn能消除S(硫)的影响:Mn在钢铁冶炼中可与S形成高熔点的MnS,进而消弱和消除S的不良影响。但Mn含量高,会降低钢的韧性。本发明的Mn含量控制在0.30~0.80%。
4)Cr含量的确定
Cr是碳化物形成元素,能够提高钢的淬透性、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性能。但Cr含量过高,与钢中的碳结合,容易形成大块碳化物,这种难溶碳化物使钢的韧性降低。在渗碳轴承钢中铬可以调整淬透性,提高渗碳层耐磨性,并改善钢的力学性能。此外,铬还能使钢的热处理工艺稳定,获得良好的渗碳性能,减少碳化物的不均匀性。本发明Cr含量的范围确定为1.30-1.60%。
5)Al含量的确定
Al作为钢中脱氧元素加入,除为了降低钢水中的溶解氧之外,Al与N形成弥散细小的氮化铝夹杂可以细化晶粒。但Al含量过多时,钢水熔炼过程中易形成大颗粒Al2O3等脆性夹杂,降低钢水纯净度,影响成品的使用寿命。本发明Al含量的范围确定为0.005%-0.05%。
6)Ni含量的确定
镍在钢中能够降低表面吸收碳原子的能力,加速碳原子在奥氏体中的扩散,减少渗碳层中碳的浓度,所以镍能减缓渗碳速度;同时,镍的加入可以提高钢的韧性。本发明Ni含量的范围确定为3.25%-3.75%。
7)Mo含量的确定
钼在渗碳轴承钢中主要作用是提高淬透性,改善钢的力学性能,特别是具有提高韧性的效果。此外还可以提高钢的耐磨性和渗碳性能。本发明Mo含量的范围确定为0.15%-0.25%。
8)N含量的确定
当钢中溶有过饱和的氮,在放置较长一段时间后就会发生氮以氮化物形式的析出,并使钢的硬度、强度提高,塑性下降,发生时效。钢中加入适量的铝,可生成稳定的AlN,能够压抑Fe4N生成和析出,不仅改善钢的时效性,还可以阻止奥氏体晶粒的长大,起到细化晶粒的作用。但是氮会与钢中的合金元素生成氮化物非金属夹杂,更重要的是降低了合金元素的作用。钢中氮含量高时,,钢的强度升高,冲击韧性降低。本发明的N含量确定为0.005-0.015%
9)Ca含量的确定
Ca含量会增加钢中点状氧化物的数量和尺寸,同时由于点状氧化物硬度高,塑性差,在钢变形时其不变形,容易在交界面处形成空隙,使钢的性能变差。本发明Ca含量的范围确定为≤0.001%。
10)Ti含量的确定
Ti元素与N元素结合可形成氮化钛夹杂物,由于其硬度很高、呈尖角状,在轴承运转中易引起应力集中对轴承寿命影响较大,因此确定Ti≤0.0030%
11)O含量的确定
氧含量代表了氧化物夹杂总量的多少,氧化物脆性夹杂限制影响成品的使用寿命,大量试验表明,氧含量的降低对提高钢材纯净度特别是降低钢种氧化物脆性夹杂物含量显著有利。本发明氧含量的范围确定为≤0.0015%。
12)P、S含量的确定
P元素在钢的凝固时引起元素偏析,其溶于铁素体使晶粒扭曲、粗大,且增加冷脆性,因此确定P≤0.025%;S元素易使钢产生热脆性,降低钢的延展性和韧性,形成的硫化物还破坏了钢的连续性,因此确定S≤0.025%。
13)As、Sn、Sb、Pb含量的确定
As、Sn、Sb、Pb等微量元素,均属低熔点有色金属,在钢材中存在,引起零件表面出现软点,硬度不均,因此将它们视为钢中的有害元素,本发明这些元素含量的范围确定为As≤0.04%,Sn≤0.03%,Sb≤0.005%,Pb≤0.002%。
本申请的另一目的是提供风力发电机主轴轴承用钢的生产方法,采用连铸代替电渣重熔的方式冶炼坯料,主要步骤如下,
(1)钢水冶炼;
(2)大截面连铸CCM大连铸坯;确保钢材压缩比大于4;
(3)连铸坯缓冷,缓冷后作软化退火:连铸坯缓冷是将连铸坯下坑缓冷,其中下坑温度大于600℃,下坑缓冷时间大于48小时,出坑温度小于200℃,并于起坑后24小时内进行软化退火;软化退火温度为600-700℃,加热保温时间≥10h,随后随炉冷却至450℃后出炉空冷至室温;
(4)连轧:在中性或弱氧化性气氛的加热炉内加热至1150℃-1280℃,加热保温时间≥7h,出炉后的连铸坯经高压水除磷后进入粗轧-中轧-精轧机组并轧制呈的圆棒材,总压缩比≥4,粗轧开轧温度为1000-1150℃,使经高温加热的奥氏体晶粒进行再结晶使之得到细化,终轧温度控制在800-950℃,使终轧在非再结晶温度区间内进行,使变形的奥氏体晶粒被拉长,晶粒内存在大量变形带,使相变后铁素体晶粒细化以提高钢材的强度和韧性;
(5)轧材缓冷、软化退火:将轧后棒材在480℃及以上温度进行下坑缓冷,缓冷时间大于60小时,出坑温度小于200℃,棒材于起坑后24小时内再次进行软化退火处理;软化退火温度为600-700℃,保温时间≥7h,随后随炉冷却至500℃后出炉空冷至室温;
(6)精整。
优选地,步骤1是将冶炼原料依次经铁水预处理KR、电炉或转炉冶炼、LF精炼、RH或VD真空脱气得到符合化学成分的纯净钢水。
冶炼原料选用优质铁水、废钢及原辅料,选用优质耐材,冶炼采用高性能精炼合成渣,控制钢材各类夹杂物的数量及形态,钢包保持长时间的夹杂物去除过程,让非金属夹杂物充分上浮,选择专用精炼渣和中间包保护渣吸附夹杂物。
优选地,步骤2连铸采用中间包感应加热、轻压下和电磁搅拌,有效改善铸坯偏析和材料组织;采用大断面全程保护连铸使钢材压缩比大于4,有效地保证了材料的致密度,连铸采用低过热度浇注,连铸过热度控制在≤35℃,有效改善材料的均匀度,连铸出与钢材成品化学成分相符的规格为390×510mm及以上的矩形坯或φ600及以上的圆形连铸坯。
具体地,所述步骤6精整包括矫直、探伤等精整工序,制得目标棒材成品。
所有产品需100%经过无损检测,检测合格才为合格产品。
主要生产工艺特点如下:
1、钢水冶炼须通过铁水预处理铁,同时严格控制废钢的质量,优选低钛合金、脱氧剂及耐火材料;转炉出钢采用挡渣出钢,炉后扒渣等控制等工艺技术,解决现有技术有害元素Ti、Ca、As、Sn、Pb、Sb含量偏高的问题;
2、采用脱氧技术及RH真空循环脱气将钢中的O、H含量降低至极低水平,有效控制夹杂物数量和尺寸,经检测,本发明产品的夹杂物数量和尺寸均达到了世界领先水平;
3、连铸采用低过热度浇注,并采用中间包感应加热、轻压下和电磁搅拌技术,有效改善铸坯偏析和材料组织;采用大断面全程保护浇注,确保钢材压缩比大于4,从而保证了材料的致密度;
4、对连铸坯及轧材均进行下坑缓冷+软化退火处理,避免钢材因表面及内部的热应力及组织应力变化而出现开裂的现象。
5、从制造工艺上讲,采用真空脱气加连铸的生产工艺,相比电渣重熔技术,大大缩减了生产周期,提高了生产效率,有效降低了制造成本,实现了规模化生产,并有利于提高材料成分和产品质量稳定性;
6、本发明生产的风力发电机主轴轴承用钢满足如下指标要求:
微观夹杂物根据GB/T 10561A法检验,B细系≤1.5级、B粗系≤1.0级、D细系≤1.0级,D粗系≤1.0级、DS系≤1.0级;宏观缺陷要求是按SEP 1927法检验,单个夹杂物长度不超过5mm;低倍组织要求采用GB/T 1979对钢材低倍组织评级,要求中心疏松≤1.5级、一般疏松≤1.0级、锭型偏析≤1.0级,中心偏析≤1.5级,并且不允许出现缩孔、裂纹及皮下气泡。
附图说明
图1为实施例产品低倍视图;
图2为对比例产品低倍视图。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。
本发明各实施例和(作为对比的)目前市场上所用的电渣重熔的G20Cr2Ni4的化学成分(wt%)见表3。
表3
表3
表4各实施例钢材的夹杂物
表5各实施例钢材的末端淬透性数据
J1.5 | J3 | J5 | J7 | J9 | J11 | J13 | J15 | J20 | J25 | J30 | J35 | J40 | J45 | J50 | |
本发明实施例1 | 44 | 43.5 | 43.5 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 40 | 39.5 |
本发明实施例2 | 45 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 41.5 | 41.5 | 41 | 40 | 40 | 38 | 38 |
本发明实施例3 | 44 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 42.5 | 41.5 | 41.5 | 40 | 39.5 | 39 |
对比钢 | 43 | 41.5 | 41 | 41.5 | 40 | 40 | 39.5 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 38.5 | 38 | 38 | 37 | 37 |
表6各实施例的晶粒度、硬度及力学性能数据
表7各实施例钢材的低倍数据
中心疏松 | 一般疏松 | 锭型偏析 | 中心偏析 | 裂纹 | 缩孔 | 皮下气泡 | |
本发明实施例1 | 1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 无 | 无 | 无 |
本发明实施例2 | 1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 无 | 无 | 无 |
本发明实施例3 | 1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 无 | 无 | 无 |
对比钢 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 无 | 无 | 无 |
实施例中任一产品的低倍组织参见图1,对比例的低倍组织参见图2。
本发明实施例的风力发电机主轴轴承用钢的制造流程为采用铁水预处理+顶底复吹转炉BOF(大功率电弧炉EAF)-钢包精炼炉LF-真空循环脱气炉RH(VD炉)-大截面连铸CCM大连铸坯—连轧—精整的成型工艺生产钢材。
具体地,冶炼时选用优质铁水、废钢及原辅料,选用优质脱氧剂及耐火材料。在电炉/转炉生产过程中,三个实施例的出钢终点C分别控制在≥0.10%,终点P控制在≤0.015%以下,连铸过热度控制在10-35℃之内。将生产连铸坯下坑缓冷,其中下坑温度大于600℃,下坑缓冷时间大于48小时,出坑温度小于200℃,并于起坑后24小时内进行软化退火。软化退火温度为600-700℃,加热保温时间≥10h,随后随炉冷却至450℃后出炉空冷至室温。将上述连铸圆坯抛丸处理后,送至中性或弱氧化性气氛的加热炉内加热并轧制成目标棒材,轧制完成后将棒材下坑缓冷。轧钢加热、轧制及冷却工艺如下表8所示。棒材于起坑后24小时内再次进行软化退火处理。软化退火温度为600-700℃,保温时间≥7h,随后随炉冷却至500℃后出炉空冷至室温。再随后将棒材经后续矫直、探伤,制得目标棒材成品。
表8
由表3、4、5、6、7对比可知,本发明各实施例中的风力发电机主轴轴承用钢与电渣重熔的G20Cr2Ni4钢相比,有害元素如氧、钛以及非金属夹杂物控制水平明显要好,即钢材纯净度要明显优于电渣重熔技术生产的产品,从低倍检验结果看,本发明的低倍质量并不差于电渣重熔工艺生产的G20Cr2Ni4钢,反映出本发明的均匀性、致密度与电渣重熔工艺生产的钢材质量相当。综合上述分析,本发明采用真空脱气加连铸生产工艺生产的风电主轴轴承用钢,能够替代原先的电渣重熔工艺,显著提高了生产效率,降低了生产成本,显著增强产品竞争力。
综上,本发明涉及的一种风力发电机主轴轴承用钢及其生产方法,通过提高钢的纯净度总体思路,采取真空脱气、连铸、轧制的高效率、大产能、低成本工艺路线,对关键工序进行优化研究和控制,从而使钢材获得了高的纯净度、高的组织均匀性和高的致密度,能够完全替代原先的电渣重熔工艺。在生产效率、生产成本和产品质量稳定性上更具竞争力。
除上述实施例外,本发明还包括有其他实施方式,凡采用等同变换或者等效替换方式形成的技术方案,均应落入本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种风力发电机主轴轴承用钢的生产方法,其特征在于:包括步骤,
(1)钢水冶炼;
(2)大截面连铸CCM大连铸坯:连铸坯的化学成分满足C:0.10~0.30%,Si:0.10~0.50%,Mn:0.30~0.80%,Cr:1.30~1.60%, S≤0.025%,P≤0.025%,Ni:3.25~3.75%,Cu≤0.30%,Mo:0.15~0.25%,Al:0.005-0.05%,N:0.005-0.015%,Ca≤0.0010%,Ti≤0.003%,O≤0.0015%,As≤0.04%,Sn≤0.03%,Sb≤0.005%,Pb≤0.002%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质;
(3)将连铸坯下坑缓冷,其中下坑温度大于600℃,下坑缓冷时间大于48小时,出坑温度小于200℃,并于起坑后24小时内进行软化退火;软化退火温度为600-700℃,加热保温时间≥10h,随后随炉冷却至450℃后出炉空冷至室温;
(4)连轧:在中性或弱氧化性气氛的加热炉内加热至1150℃-1280℃,加热保温时间≥7h,出炉后的连铸坯经高压水除磷后进入粗轧-中轧-精轧机组并轧制成圆棒材,总压缩比≥4,粗轧开轧温度为1000-1150℃,使经高温加热的奥氏体晶粒进行再结晶使之得到细化,终轧温度控制在800-950℃,使终轧在非再结晶温度区间内进行,使变形的奥氏体晶粒被拉长,晶粒内存在大量变形带,使相变后铁素体晶粒细化;
(5)轧材缓冷、软化退火:将轧后棒材在480℃及以上温度进行下坑缓冷,缓冷时间大于60小时,出坑温度小于200℃,棒材于起坑后24小时内再次进行软化退火处理;软化退火温度为600-700℃,保温时间≥7h,随后随炉冷却至500℃后出炉空冷至室温;
(6)精整。
2.根据权利要求1所述的风力发电机主轴轴承用钢的生产方法,其特征在于:步骤1是将冶炼原料依次经铁水预处理KR、电炉或转炉冶炼、LF 精炼、RH或VD真空脱气。
3.根据权利要求2所述的风力发电机主轴轴承用钢的生产方法,其特征在于:冶炼原料选用优质铁水、废钢及原辅料,选用优质耐材,冶炼采用高性能精炼合成渣,控制钢材各类夹杂物的数量及形态,钢包保持长时间的夹杂物去除过程,让非金属夹杂物充分上浮,选择专用精炼渣和中间包保护渣吸附夹杂物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的风力发电机主轴轴承用钢的生产方法,其特征在于:步骤2采用中间包感应加热、轻压下和电磁搅拌,有效改善铸坯偏析和材料组织;采用全程保护浇注,连铸采用低过热度浇注,连铸过热度控制在≤35℃,连铸出与钢材成品化学成分相符的规格为390×510mm及以上的矩形坯或φ600及以上的圆形连铸坯。
5.根据权利要求1所述的风力发电机主轴轴承用钢的生产方法,其特征在于:所述步骤6精整包括矫直、探伤。
6. 根据权利要求1所述的风力发电机主轴轴承用钢的生产方法,其特征在于:所得钢材的晶粒度≥5级,硬度≤260HBW,脱碳要求≤0.8%D,D为直径,采用金相法检测微观脆性夹杂物B细系≤1.5级、B粗系≤1.0级、D细系≤1.0级、D粗系≤1.0级、DS系≤1.0级;采用SEP1927水浸高频探伤检测,要求夹杂物长度不允许超过5mm,采用GB/T 1979对钢材低倍组织评级,要求中心疏松≤1.5级、一般疏松≤1.0级、锭型偏析≤1.0级,中心偏析≤1.5级,并且不允许出现缩孔、裂纹及皮下气泡;
抗拉强度要求≥1200MPa,冲击性能AKU≥65J;
末端淬透性应满足:位置J1.5:43-48,J3:42-47,J5:42-47,J7:41-46,J9:41-46,J11:41-46,J13:41-46,J15:40-46,J20:40-46,J25:39-46,J30:38-45,J35:37-45,J40:36-44,J45:35-44,J50:34-43。
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2019
- 2019-02-22 KR KR1020217012169A patent/KR102516710B1/ko active Active
- 2019-02-22 EP EP19871603.7A patent/EP3865595B1/en active Active
- 2019-02-22 WO PCT/CN2019/075851 patent/WO2020073576A1/zh unknown
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CN109161658A (zh) | 2019-01-08 |
KR102516710B1 (ko) | 2023-04-03 |
WO2020073576A1 (zh) | 2020-04-16 |
EP3865595B1 (en) | 2023-04-05 |
EP3865595A4 (en) | 2021-12-08 |
EP3865595A1 (en) | 2021-08-18 |
KR20210064320A (ko) | 2021-06-02 |
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