CN109149810A - A kind of axial magnetic flux disk type switch magnetoresistance electrical machinery with rotor chute structure - Google Patents
A kind of axial magnetic flux disk type switch magnetoresistance electrical machinery with rotor chute structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN109149810A CN109149810A CN201710460823.6A CN201710460823A CN109149810A CN 109149810 A CN109149810 A CN 109149810A CN 201710460823 A CN201710460823 A CN 201710460823A CN 109149810 A CN109149810 A CN 109149810A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/24—Rotor cores with salient poles ; Variable reluctance rotors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有转子斜槽结构的轴向磁通盘式开关磁阻电机，包括两块定子铁心、一块转子铁心、电枢绕组和转轴，所述转子铁心通过建固定于转轴上，两块定子铁心分别设置在转子铁心两侧，并各自通过对应的轴承设置在转轴上，定子铁心上装有电枢绕组，转子铁心的两个表面沿圆周方向错开角度。本发明的电机能够增强磁链的平稳性，减小电机的转矩脉动；定子绕组线圈位于转子两侧，可利用绕线模手工嵌线，且嵌放绕组线圈方便，制造工艺简单，成本低。
The invention discloses an axial magnetic flux disk type switched reluctance motor with a rotor chute structure, comprising two stator iron cores, a rotor iron core, armature windings and a rotating shaft. The block stator iron cores are respectively arranged on both sides of the rotor iron core, and are respectively arranged on the rotating shaft through corresponding bearings. The stator iron core is equipped with armature windings, and the two surfaces of the rotor iron core are staggered along the circumferential direction. The motor of the invention can enhance the stability of the flux linkage and reduce the torque pulsation of the motor; the stator winding coils are located on both sides of the rotor, and can be manually embedded by using a winding die, and the winding coils are convenient to embed and place, the manufacturing process is simple, and the cost is low .
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to motor field, especially a kind of axial magnetic flux dial switch magnetic resistance electricity with rotor chute structure
Machine.
Background technique
The basic conception of SR motor can be traced to the forties in 19th century, and 1842, the Aberdeen and Dafidson of Britain
With two U-shaped electromagnetism irons by the locomotive motor of storage battery power supply.But it is continuous because what is do not released energy when circuit disconnects
Diode circuit is flowed, and using the wheel flow-thru electrode of mechanical switch control electromagnet, performance (efficiency, power factor of motor
With usage factor etc.) it is not high.Although lot of domestic and foreign mechanism has carried out greatly axial magnetic flux disk type switch magnetoresistance electrical machinery in recent years
Quantifier elimination work, but there is also some problems and urgently improve and solve.For example, the Alberto Tenconi etc. of Italy
Scholar has studied high speed and super high speed motor now based on these three aspects of electromagnetism, machinery and temperature, has highlighted these three
Contacting between design part and motor size design, in the case where considering material property and processing technology, compares height
The advantage and disadvantage of speed motor and switched reluctance machines technical matters, but having ignored loss influences motor；U.S. Georgia science and engineering
The Jie Dang of institute proposes a kind of rotor structure of novel switched reluctance machines, solves motor in ultrahigh speed operation
The too big problem of windage loss, and improve torque because producing asymmetric air gap, but ignore asymmetrical airgaps
The influence stable to rotor operation；Sung-Il Kim of Samsung of South Korea et al. is proposed for traditional surface-mount type PMSM
A kind of new type rotor structure, traditional surface-mount type PMSM is in order to keep the mechanical integrity of high speed rotation lower rotor part to use one kind
Nonmagnetic sleeve, this will lead to additional eddy-current loss, while will increase the length of magnetic gap and the cost of manufacture, and use new
Rotor structure by eliminate these problems and when can largely reduce manufacture permanent magnet quantity.But in the prior art
It there is no associated description.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of axial magnetic flux disk type switch magnetoresistance electrical machineries with rotor chute structure.
The technical solution for realizing the aim of the invention is as follows: a kind of axial magnetic flux dial switch with rotor chute structure
Reluctance motor, including two pieces of stator cores, one piece of rotor core, armature winding and shaft, the rotor core is by building fixation
In in shaft, two pieces of stator cores are separately positioned on rotor core two sides, and are arranged in shaft each by corresponding bearing,
Armature winding is housed, two surfaces of rotor core circumferentially offset angle in stator core.
Compared with prior art, the present invention its remarkable advantage are as follows: 1) flume structure of rotor of the invention can increase
The stationarity of strong magnetic linkage, reduces the torque pulsation of motor；2) motor uses axial magnetic flux tray type structure, and axial length is smaller,
In the case where equal-wattage, volume and weight is all smaller, and power density is larger；3) without permanent-magnet material in the motor, all
It is formed by silicon steel plate stacking, therefore high temperature and high pressure environment can be suitable for, and easy to process, price is lower；4) motor is adopted
With the biggish rotor tooth of rotor structure and sectorial area of lesser draw ratio, there is good heat-sinking capability.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the axial magnetic flux disk type switch magnetoresistance electrical machinery complete section structural schematic diagram with rotor chute structure.
Fig. 2 is the axial magnetic flux disk type switch magnetoresistance electrical machinery structural schematic diagram with rotor chute structure.
Fig. 3 is the axial magnetic flux disk type switch magnetoresistance electrical machinery main flux with rotor chute structure.
Fig. 4 is the axial magnetic flux disk type switch magnetoresistance electrical machinery stator plan view with rotor chute structure.
Fig. 5 is the axial magnetic flux disk type switch magnetoresistance electrical machinery rotor plane figure with rotor chute structure.
Fig. 6 is the axial magnetic flux disk type switch magnetoresistance electrical machinery explosion figure with rotor chute structure.
Fig. 7 is the graph of relation of phase inductance and rotor position angle θ in linear model.
Fig. 8 is the graph of relation of magnetic linkage and position angle.
Fig. 9 is the graph of relation of winding phase current and rotor position angle.
Figure 10 is electromagnetic torque with rotor position angle change curve.
Figure 11 is piecewise linearity magnetization curve figure.
Representative meaning is numbered in figure are as follows: 1 is stator core, and 2 be rotor core, and 3 be armature winding, and 4 be shaft, 5
It is stator tooth for stator yoke, 6,7 be rotor tooth, and 8 be rotor yoke, and 9 be key, and 10 be bearing.
Specific embodiment
In conjunction with attached drawing, a kind of axial magnetic flux disk type switch magnetoresistance electrical machinery with rotor chute structure of the invention, including
Two pieces of stator cores, 1, one piece of rotor core 2, armature winding 3 and shaft 4, the rotor core 2 are fixed on shaft 4 by building 9
On, two pieces of stator cores 1 are separately positioned on 2 two sides of rotor core, and are arranged in shaft 4 each by corresponding bearing 10,
Armature winding 3 is housed, two surfaces of rotor core 2 circumferentially offset angle in stator core 1.
Described two 1 structures of stator core are identical, and are symmetricly set on the two sides of rotor core 2, and each stator core 1 is
Including stator yoke 5 and stator tooth 6, the stator tooth 6 is located on a side of stator yoke 5, and is equidistantly embedded in stator
In yoke portion 5, the stator yoke 5 of two stator cores 1 is oppositely arranged.
Six stator tooths 6 are set in each stator core 1.
The rotor core 2 includes rotor tooth 7 and rotor yoke 8, and rotor yoke 8 is annular disc, and rotor tooth 7 is circumferential
On the even outer ring that rotor yoke 8 is set.
The quantity of the rotor tooth 7 is four.
The degree that two surfaces of the rotor core 2 circumferentially offset angle is 1 °~45 °.
The rotor tooth 7 is welded in 8 outer toroid of rotor yoke.
The armature winding 3 includes coiling and winding former, and coiling is arranged in winding former, and winding former is embedded in stator tooth 6
On.
The stator core, rotor core are formed by silicon steel plate stacking.
The distance of air-gap is more than or equal to 0.25mm between the stator, rotor pole surface.
The flume structure of rotor of the invention can enhance the stationarity of magnetic linkage, reduce the torque pulsation of motor；It should
Motor uses axial magnetic flux tray type structure, and axial length is smaller, and in the case where equal-wattage, volume and weight is all smaller,
Power density is larger.
It is described in more detail below.
The major parameter of axial magnetic flux disk type switch magnetoresistance electrical machinery with rotor chute structure of the invention is as follows:
1. main parameter calculation
1.1 load and magnetic loading
The electric load A of switched reluctance machines refers to the total current in diameter of stator bore per unit surface length upper conductor, expression
Formula is
I is winding current virtual value, DsiFor diameter of stator bore, NphFor every phase winding turns-in-series, q is the number of phases.
Every pole main flux enters and leaves the range of a rotor tooth sectional area, defines magnetic loading and is
Under normal circumstances, BδIt takes between 0.3~0.6T, A takes 15000~50000A/m.
1.2 winding terminal voltages
Switched reluctance machines can be directly used DC current or using the rectified obtained DC power supply of exchange.Work as use
Single-phase or three-phase alternating-current supply rectification, if UdFor the DC voltage after full-wave rectification, then
In formula, U2For the phase voltage of AC power source.
1.3 air gap
Switched reluctance machines there are in fact two air gaps.First air gap g refers to air between stator and rotor magnetic pole surfaces
The distance of gap influences maximum induction LmaxValue.Interstice giRefer to stator pole faces to air-gap between rotor slot bottom
Distance, influence minimum inductance LminValue.
In order to obtain biggish electromagnetic torque, reduces the requirement of power inverter voltammetric capacity, air gap should be reduced as far as possible
G, but the constraint by assembly technology and processing technology, air gap g can not be too small, and micro-machine air gap is generally no less than
0.25mm。
In order to obtain lower minimum inductance Lu, improve the output power of motor, interstice giIt should as big as possible one
Otherwise point, but cannot be excessive will lead to the motor diameter of axle not enough or rotor yoke insufficient height.
1.4 rotor yokes are high
The high h of rotor yokecrShould be ensured that will not occur supersaturation when peakflux density occurs in yoke portion iron core, therefore should take
When not influencing shaft strength, hcrIt can take larger.
1.5 the diameter of axle
Diameter of axle DiCannot be too small, it otherwise will affect mechanical strength, lead to rotor oscillation, dynamic eccentric, noise of motor increase etc.
Problem, if necessary, it should check degree of disturbing, critical speed and the intensity of axis.
1.6 stator yokes are high
The high h of stator yokecsIt should ensure that yoke portion iron core occurs that supersaturation does not occur when peakflux density, biggish hcs
Vibration and the noise of motor can effectively be inhibited.
1.7 stator groove depths
In order to provide biggish winding space, big conductor cross-section is used to reduce copper wastage, stator groove depth dsIt should
It is more as big as possible.
1.8 current densities and copper factor
For given motor geometric dimension, the useful space of winding is certain, copper factor Ks, generally take 0.35~
0.5, in the case where guaranteeing that rated output power and winding space allow, the number of turns is more, and winding current peak value is smaller, to reduction
The voltammetric capacity of switching tube is advantageous.After determining umber of turn, need to check current in wire density J when determining conductor cross-section,
For continuous duty motor, J=4~5.5A/mm is generally taken2。
1.9 loss calculation
The loss of switched reluctance machines mainly has copper loss, iron loss, mechanical loss and stray loss.Copper loss, which is proportional to electric current, to be had
Square of valid value, iron loss are mainly eddy-current loss and magnetic hystersis loss, and mechanical loss is made of bearing loss and draft loss, spuious
It is lost more complicated, is calculated generally according to the 7% of copper loss, iron loss and mechanical loss.
The calculation formula of copper loss is
Pcu=qI2RP (1-5)
In formula, I is the virtual value of phase winding electric current, RPFor the resistance of phase winding.
The calculation formula of iron loss is
In formula, ρ is silicon steel sheet resistivity, and e is silicon steel sheet thickness, and G is empirical coefficient.
The calculation formula of mechanical loss is
Pfw=5.4 × 10-5n0.7PN (1-7)
In formula, n is motor speed, PNFor rated power.
2. mathematical model
2.1 linear model
Electromagnetic relationship and operation characteristic inside switched reluctance machines is all extremely complex, right not fall into complicated loaded down with trivial details number
It learns and derives, its prominent Basic Physical Properties, it is necessary to which model is centainly simplified.
In linear model, to put it more simply, making following hypothesis:
1. disregarding magnetic circuit saturation influences, the inductance of winding is unrelated with size of current
2. ignoring Nonlinear Magnetic Circuit and magnetic flux edge effect
3. ignoring the magnetic hysteresis and eddy current effect of iron core, ignore all power losses
4. semiconductor switch device is perfect switch, switch motion is instantaneously completed
5. motor speed is constant
6. supply voltage is constant
(1) winding inductance
When the rotor is turning, the angular position theta of rotor constantly changes, and winding inductance is just in maximum induction amount LmaxWith minimum electricity
Sensibility reciprocal LminMechanical periodicity between two specific inductance values.Maximum induction refers to that rotor magnetic pole coincides with magnetic pole of the stator axis
When inductance value；Minimum inductance refers to inductance value when center line coincides between rotor magnetic pole axis and magnetic pole of the stator.Inductance becomes
It is directly proportional to rotor number of pole-pairs to change frequency, inductance period of change is a rotor polar distance τr.In linear model, winding phase inductance
It is as shown in Figure 7 with rotor position cyclically-varying.
Coordinate origin θ=0 is position angle reference point, is defined as the position that rotor recesses center is overlapped with magnetic pole of the stator axis
It sets, phase inductance is minimum value L at this timemin。θ3For the position that rotor and stator leading pole tip are overlapped, θ4For pole side weight after rotor and stator
The position of conjunction, θ1And θ5For the position that pole side after rotor and stator leading pole tip are overlapped, θ2For pole side weight after rotor leading pole tip and stator
The position of conjunction.The relationship of inductance L (θ) and rotor position angle θ can be indicated to minor function form.
In formula, βsFor magnetic pole of the stator polar arc,
(2) winding magnetic linkage
Motor kth phase voltage equilibrium equation is
As phase winding resistance pressure drop RkikWith d ψk/ dt compares very little, according to it is assumed that negligible resistance pressure drop, can simplify for
It further arranges available
When phase main switching device conducting, uk=Us(UsFor supply voltage), phase winding magnetic linkage will be with a constant-slope
Us/ωrLinearly increase with the increase of rotor position angle；As the phase main switching device shutdown moment, i.e. θ=θoffWhen, magnetic linkage reaches
To maximum value, after shutdown, uk=-Us, magnetic linkage is with constant-slope-Us/ωrLinearly reduce with the increase of rotor position angle, such as schemes
Shown in 8.
It can be indicated with functional form
(3) winding current
ψ=L (θ) i (θ) is substituted into formula, it is available
Both sides are simultaneously multiplied by winding phase current i, available power balance equation
Show that, when switched reluctance machines are powered, if disregarding the loss of phase winding, input electric power a part is for increasing
The energy storage of winding, a part are converted to mechanical output output.
In inductance elevated areas θ2≤θ<θ3Interior winding is powered, and revolving electro-motive force is positive, and generates electronic torque, and power supply provides
Electric energy a part be converted to mechanical energy output, a part in the form of magnetic energy storage in the windings；Energization winding is in θ2≤θ<θ3
Interior power-off, magnetic energy a part of storage are converted into mechanical energy, and another part feeds back to power supply, still obtain electric rotating in shaft at this time
Square；In θ3≤θ<θ4, revolving electro-motive force zero, if electric current continues to flow, magnetic energy only feeds back to power supply, does not have electromagnetism in shaft
Torque；If electric current is in θ4≤θ<θ5Interior flowing generates braking moment, operates in generating state because revolving electro-motive force is negative.
Biggish effective torque in order to obtain, should be in θ1≤θ<θ2Main switch is connected in internal trigger, in θ2≤θ<θ3Interior shutdown master
It switchs, the current waveform in an inductance period of change available in this way, as shown in Figure 9.
The functional relation of winding phase current i (θ) and rotor position angle θ is
(4) analysis of electromagnetic torque
According to electromechanical governing equation, have
In linear model, according to linear hypothesis, equation can be simplified
Therefore it can obtain
The function expression of electromagnetic torque is
Electromagnetic torque is as shown in Figure 10 with rotor position angle change curve.
2.2 boresight shift
Boresight shift is to linearize actual nonlinear magnetization curve segmentation, while not considering Coupling Between Phases effect,
The saturation effect and edge effect for approximatively considering magnetic circuit have certain precision for solving switched reluctance machines problem
And reliability.Due to special double-salient-pole structure and magnetic circuit height be saturated, produce very strong edge effect, eddy current effect,
Hysteresis effect and saturation effect.In a variety of methods of piece-wise linearization, a kind of most common method is with two sections of linear characteristics
Carry out a series of approximate nonlinear magnetization curves, wherein one section of unsaturation section for magnetization characteristic, the unsaturation slope of curve are
The unsaturated value of inductance L (i, θ)；Another section of saturation section for magnetization characteristic is saturated the characteristic of section curve and the position θ=0
Oriented parallel, slope Lmin, as shown in figure 11.
Based on boresight shift, the piecewise analytic formula of winding inductance L (θ) can be write out
ψ (θ)=L (θ) i is substituted into, the piecewise analytic formula of available winding magnetic linkage
According to electromechanical governing equation, the piecewise analytic formula of available transient electromagnetic torque
2.3 nonlinear model
Switched Reluctance Motor is accurately calculated, Steady is emulated, it is necessary to use nonlinear method.
Nonlinear method can substantially be divided into two major classes.
1, based on numerical computation method or experimental method machine-magnetization curve obtained, database is established to magnetization
Curve carries out modelling, to calculate the runnability of motor.It is accurate that such methods calculate, but speed is slower, depends on certain party
The magnetization curve database of case.
2, the second class is the magnetization curve using the several specific positions of motor, using electric current or magnetic linkage as rotor displacement angle
Function carries out modelling, looks into value and seeks middle position magnetic characteristic.Such methods calculate quickly, but accuracy is inadequate, and need to draw
With empirical equation, its application range is thus defined.
From the foregoing, it will be observed that all being formed by silicon steel plate stacking in motor of the invention without permanent-magnet material, therefore can be suitable for
High temperature and high pressure environment, and it is easy to process, and price is lower；The motor uses the rotor structure and sectorial area of lesser draw ratio
Biggish rotor tooth has good heat-sinking capability.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of axial magnetic flux disk type switch magnetoresistance electrical machinery with rotor chute structure, which is characterized in that including two pieces of stators
Iron core (1), one piece of rotor core (2), armature winding (3) and shaft (4), the rotor core (2) are turned by building (9) and being fixed on
On axis (4), two pieces of stator cores (1) are separately positioned on rotor core (2) two sides, and are arranged each by corresponding bearing (10)
On shaft (4), armature winding (3) are housed in stator core (1), two surfaces of rotor core (2) are circumferentially offset
Angle.
2. the axial magnetic flux disk type switch magnetoresistance electrical machinery according to claim 1 with rotor chute structure, feature exist
In described two stator core (1) structures are identical, and are symmetricly set on the two sides of rotor core (2), each stator core (1)
It include stator yoke (5) and stator tooth (6), the stator tooth (6) is located on a side of stator yoke (5), and between waiting
Away from stator yoke (5), the stator yoke (5) of two stator cores (1) is oppositely arranged.
3. the axial magnetic flux disk type switch magnetoresistance electrical machinery according to claim 2 with rotor chute structure, feature exist
In six stator tooths (6) of setting on each stator core (1).
4. the axial magnetic flux disk type switch magnetoresistance electrical machinery according to claim 1 with rotor chute structure, feature exist
In the rotor core (2) includes rotor tooth (7) and rotor yoke (8), and rotor yoke (8) is annular disc, rotor tooth (7)
Circumferentially it is uniformly arranged on the outer ring of rotor yoke (8).
5. the axial magnetic flux disk type switch magnetoresistance electrical machinery according to claim 4 with rotor chute structure, feature exist
In the quantity of rotor tooth (7) is four.
6. the axial magnetic flux disk type switch magnetoresistance electrical machinery according to claim 1 with rotor chute structure, feature exist
In the degree that two surfaces of rotor core (2) circumferentially offset angle is 1 °~45 °.
7. the axial magnetic flux disk type switch magnetoresistance electrical machinery according to claim 5 with rotor chute structure, feature exist
In the rotor tooth (7) is welded in rotor yoke (8) outer toroid.
8. the axial magnetic flux disk type switch magnetoresistance electrical machinery according to claim 1 with rotor chute structure, feature exist
In the armature winding (3) includes coiling and winding former, and coiling is arranged in winding former, and winding former is embedded in stator tooth (6)
On.
9. the axial magnetic flux disk type switch magnetoresistance electrical machinery according to claim 1 with rotor chute structure, feature exist
In the stator core, rotor core are formed by silicon steel plate stacking.
10. the axial magnetic flux disk type switch magnetoresistance electrical machinery according to claim 1 with rotor chute structure, feature exist
In the distance of air-gap is more than or equal to 0.25mm between stator, rotor pole surface.
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| CN201710460823.6A CN109149810A (en) | 2017-06-18 | 2017-06-18 | A kind of axial magnetic flux disk type switch magnetoresistance electrical machinery with rotor chute structure |
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| CN201710460823.6A CN109149810A (en) | 2017-06-18 | 2017-06-18 | A kind of axial magnetic flux disk type switch magnetoresistance electrical machinery with rotor chute structure |
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| CN109713838A (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2019-05-03 | 常州富兴机电有限公司 | Switched reluctance machines |
| CN112054643A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-12-08 | 中国矿业大学 | Stator-yoke-free interphase coupling type axial flux reluctance motor |
| US12095320B2 (en) | 2022-06-27 | 2024-09-17 | Anthropocene Institute LLC | Axial flux switched reluctance and inductance state machine systems, devices, and methods |
| US12149134B2 (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2024-11-19 | Anthropocene Institute LLC | Axial flux switched reluctance motor and generator, and related systems and methods |
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| CN112054643A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-12-08 | 中国矿业大学 | Stator-yoke-free interphase coupling type axial flux reluctance motor |
| CN112054643B (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2021-09-28 | 中国矿业大学 | Stator-yoke-free interphase coupling type axial flux reluctance motor |
| US12095320B2 (en) | 2022-06-27 | 2024-09-17 | Anthropocene Institute LLC | Axial flux switched reluctance and inductance state machine systems, devices, and methods |
| US12149134B2 (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2024-11-19 | Anthropocene Institute LLC | Axial flux switched reluctance motor and generator, and related systems and methods |
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