CN109135884A - 一种盾构机盾尾密封油脂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种盾构机盾尾密封油脂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109135884A CN109135884A CN201710457813.7A CN201710457813A CN109135884A CN 109135884 A CN109135884 A CN 109135884A CN 201710457813 A CN201710457813 A CN 201710457813A CN 109135884 A CN109135884 A CN 109135884A
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- Prior art keywords
- seal grease
- oil
- shield machine
- tail seal
- shield
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- C10M169/048—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
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- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
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- C10M2207/402—Castor oils
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- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C10M2215/08—Amides
- C10M2215/082—Amides containing hydroxyl groups; Alkoxylated derivatives
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- C10M2215/16—Nitriles
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy
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- C10N2060/00—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition
- C10N2060/02—Reduction, e.g. hydrogenation
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种盾构机盾尾密封油脂及其制备方法，该密封油脂包括以下质量百分比的组分：20‑35％基础油，20‑40％的粉状填料，15‑30％的纤维材料，8‑15％的增稠剂，2‑8％的粘度指数改进剂，0.5‑3％的防霉剂，0.3‑1.5％的离子液体及1％‑4％的石墨烯。本发明通过加入离子液体和石墨烯，提高了密封油脂的密封性和粘附性，还显著提高了密封油脂的抗水冲流失量和耐水喷射性，使其具有更好的密封性，保证盾构机安全运行。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种密封油脂及其制备方法，特别是一种盾构机盾尾密封油脂及其制备方法。
背景技术
盾构机是指在软土和软岩地层中进行地下工程作业的工程机械，因其施工不受自然条件的影响，机械化、自动化程度高，所以广泛应用于地铁、铁路、公路、市政、水电等隧道工程。在盾构推进过程中，由于盾尾与管片外壁直接的摩擦，影响盾构的推进和损坏盾尾装置，而且土层中的泥浆渗透也会影响盾构的正常工作，影响施工难度。
盾尾密封油脂是一种在地下工程盾构法施工中隧道盾构掘进机的钢丝刷型盾尾注入的密封材料，主要起润滑、密封、防水、防腐蚀的作用。通过压力注满钢丝刷之间的间隙，从而增强钢丝刷的密封性能，防止泥浆的渗透。
盾构机在掘进的过程中边推进边注入盾尾油脂，使得在掘进过程中借助油脂的挤压力，密封住各处的运动间隙，形成牢固的密封层，借助材料与钢板和环片的附着力，起到防水和润滑的作用。盾尾密封油脂可以有效的保护盾尾和隔绝泥浆，保障盾构的顺利施工，对盾尾钢结构有防腐蚀和减少摩擦的作用，为改善施工条件，提高施工安全、质量和工作效率都起到较好的作用。
现有的盾尾密封油脂存在着粘附性低、密封性较差和泵送效率低，污染环境，尤其是进口的产品，价格高，供货不方便，盾尾密封油脂是一种消耗量较高的消耗品，使用进口产品，不但费用高昂，而且技术服务等方面也会比较麻烦。因此，需要一种同时兼具良好的密封性、耐磨性和泵送性的盾尾密封油脂。
本发明所提供的盾构机盾尾密封油脂，具有更好的密封性和粘附性，可以有效地防止杂质进入造成盾构机的损坏。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种盾构机盾尾密封油脂，该密封油脂具有良好的密封性和抗水冲性能，可以有效将盾尾与泥浆隔绝，保证盾构机安全运行，同时还具有良好的粘附性。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种上述盾构机盾尾密封油脂的制备方法。
本发明公开的盾构机盾尾密封油脂，包括以下质量百分比的组分：20-35％基础油，20-40％的粉状填料，15-30％的纤维材料，8-15％的增稠剂，2-8％的粘度指数改进剂，0.5-3％的防霉剂，0.3-1.5％的离子液体。
本发明中加入了离子液体，在现有技术中，离子液体多用于润滑油中，在其中所起的作用一般为改善润滑油摩擦性能，改善极压抗磨性能，同时提供好的热安定性和防腐性能等。离子液体虽然在密封油脂中有使用，但均是作为防腐剂的组分，起到防腐作用。本发明中，离子液体加入之后，能够提高密封油脂的抗水冲流失量和耐水喷射性，使其具有更好的密封性。这个作用目前并未披露。
本发明中加入了离子液体，出乎意料的发现，这提高了盾尾密封油脂的抗水冲流失量和耐水喷射性，从而提高了密封油脂的抗水密封性能。
所述离子液体为1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐，1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐，1-癸基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐，1-癸基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐中的一种或多种。
所述基础油为矿物油、植物油或合成油中的一种或多种。所述矿物油包括环烷基基础油和石蜡基基础油以及二者混合物；所述植物油包括玉米油、大豆油、花生油、蓖麻油等；所述合成油包括季戊四醇酯、对苯二甲酸二辛酯、聚‐α‐烯烃合成油等。本领域中常用的基础油都可用于本申请。
优选的，所述粉状填料包括膨润土、碳酸钙、云母粉、滑石粉、高岭土中的一种或多种；
优选的，该粉状填料粒度为200-2000目。
优选的，所述纤维材料为植物纤维和矿物纤维中的一种或多种。该植物纤维包括棉纤维、亚麻纤维、竹纤维。矿物纤维包括海泡石纤维、水镁石纤维。
优选的，纤维材料长度为0-5mm。
优选的，所述增稠剂选自氢化植物油、聚丙烯醇、聚丙烯酰胺中的一种或多种。
优选的，所述粘度指数改进剂选自聚正丁基乙烯基醚、聚异丁烯、乙烯-丙烯共聚物中的一种或多种。
优选的，所述防霉剂选自水杨酰苯胺、水杨酰苯胺的一种。
优选的，本发明中加入了石墨烯，石墨烯是一种新型二维平面纳米材料，具有与石墨完全不同的空间结构，其特殊的单原子层结构决定了它具有丰富而新奇的物理性质，石墨烯是世界上最薄的二维材料,其厚度仅为0.35nm。这种特殊结构蕴含了丰富而新奇的物理现象，如杨氏模量、热导率、载流子迁移率以及比表面积等均比较高，还具有分数量子霍尔效应、量子霍尔铁磁性和激子带隙等现象。这些优异的性能和独特的纳米结构，使石墨烯成为近年来广泛关注的焦点。
本发明中石墨烯的加入，与传统的添加石墨相比，不仅提高了密封油脂的抗磨性能和润滑性，还显著提高了密封油脂的抗水冲流失量和耐水喷射性，使其具有更好的密封性。
本发明还公开一种制备该密封油脂的方法，包括如下步骤：将离子液体粉体加入基础油中，常温下搅拌1-2h；加入粉状填料、纤维材料、防霉剂、粘度指数改进剂，搅拌1-2h，再加入增稠剂，继续搅拌2-3h。
在所制备的密封油脂中包含有石墨烯时，在加入离子液体时，同时加入质量分数为1.0-4.0％的石墨烯，然后再进行其他步骤。
与现有盾构机盾尾密封油脂相比，采用本发明的配方制备的盾构机盾尾密封油脂具有较好的抗水压密封性和粘附性：
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明：
实施例1
制备方法：将1-乙烯基-3-乙基咪唑六氟磷酸盐加入玉米油中，常温下搅拌1h；加入膨润土、棉纤维、水杨酰苯胺、聚正丁基乙烯基醚，搅拌2h，再加入氢化植物油，继续搅拌2h。
实施例2
制备方法：将1-乙烯基-3-乙基咪唑四氟硼酸盐加入大豆油中，常温下搅拌1.5h；加入碳酸钙、亚麻纤维、聚异丁烯、四氯间苯二腈，搅拌1.5h，再加入聚丙烯醇，继续搅拌3h。
实施例3
制备方法：将1-乙烯基-3-丁基咪唑六氟磷酸盐加入蓖麻油中，常温下搅拌2h；加入云母粉、海泡石纤维、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、水杨酰苯胺，搅拌1h，再加入聚丙烯酰胺，继续搅拌2.5h。
实施例4
制备方法：将1-乙烯基-3-乙基咪唑四氟硼酸盐加入季戊四醇酯中，加入聚丙烯酸钠，常温下搅拌1.5h；加入滑石粉、水镁石纤维、聚异丁烯、水杨酰苯胺，搅拌1.5h，再加入聚丙烯醇，继续搅拌3h。
实施例5
制备方法：将1-乙烯基-3-丁基咪唑四氟硼酸盐加入聚α烯烃合成油中，加入十六烷基三甲基溴化铵，常温下搅拌1h；加入高岭土、竹纤维、聚正丁基乙烯基醚、四氯间苯二腈，搅拌1h，再加入聚丙烯酰胺，继续搅拌2h。
实施例6
制备方法：将1-乙烯基-3-乙基咪唑四氟硼酸盐和石墨烯加入大豆油中，常温下搅拌1.5h；加入碳酸钙、亚麻纤维、聚异丁烯、四氯间苯二腈，搅拌1.5h，再加入聚丙烯醇，继续搅拌3h。
对比例1
本实施例中各组分及其含量与实施例3一致，其不同仅在于没有添加离子液体。
其制备方法也与实施例3一致：将蓖麻油常温下搅拌2h；加入云母粉、海泡石纤维、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、水杨酰苯胺，搅拌1h，再加入聚丙烯酰胺，继续搅拌2.5h。
本发明的密封油脂的各项指标如下：
由上述质量监测数据可看出，实施例2和实施例3表现出了优异的抗水密封性和粘附性。在25℃、3.7MPa压力下，可以不漏水不漏脂，具有优异的抗水密封性。
实施例2和实施例3中都添加了离子液体，对比例1与实施例3的成分及含量几乎一致，其不同仅在于对比例1中没有添加抗离子液体。根据对比数据，我们看出，在水冲流失量方面，实施例3和2明显比对比例1更好；在耐水喷射性方面，对比例损失4.1％，高于实施例2中的2.5％和实施例3中2.6％，表明其粘附性不如实施例2和3。因此，我们可以看到，离子液体的添加使盾尾密封油脂在耐水喷射性和抗水冲流失的性能方面表现更好，从而使密封油脂具有更好的密封性。
对比例2、3
对比例2中各组分及其含量与实施例6一致，其不同在于不加入石墨烯,改为加入等量石墨粉体。
对比例3中各组分及其含量与实施例6一致，其不同在于不加入石墨烯或石墨粉体。
其制备方法也与实施例6一致：将1-乙烯基-3-乙基咪唑四氟硼酸盐和石墨粉体(对比例3此处只添加1-乙烯基-3-乙基咪唑四氟硼酸盐)加入大豆油中，常温下搅拌1.5h；加入碳酸钙、亚麻纤维、聚异丁烯、四氯间苯二腈，搅拌1.5h，再加入聚丙烯醇，继续搅拌3h。本发明的密封油脂的各项指标如下：
由上述质量监测数据可看出，实施例6表现出了优异的抗水密封性和粘附性。在25℃、3.7MPa压力下，可以不漏水不漏脂，具有优异的抗水密封性。
实施例6中添加了离子液体与石墨烯，对比例2与实施例6的成分及含量几乎一致，其不同仅在于对比例2中没有添加石墨烯，改为添加石墨粉体。根据对比数据，我们看出，可以看出添加了石墨烯的实施例6中，磨斑直径为0.50mm，而添加石墨粉体的对比例2中，磨斑直径为0.60mm，说明石墨烯的加入提高了密封油脂的耐磨性。
对比例3与实施例6的成分及含量几乎一致，其不同仅在于对比例3中没有添加石墨烯。根据对比数据，我们看出，可以看出添加了石墨烯的实施例6中，磨斑直径为0.50mm，而添加石墨粉体的对比例3中，磨斑直径为0.66mm，说明石墨烯的加入提高了密封油脂的耐磨性。
本发明的盾构机一般是在含有泥沙、水、粉尘等环境下工作，如果施工过程中的水等杂质进入盾构机，将会影响盾构机的正常运行。从水冲流失量和耐水喷射性试验中可以看出，实施例的密封油脂在水冲刷(ASTM D1264)和水喷雾(ASTM D4049)试验中均取得了出色效果，证明密封油脂即使在有压力水喷雾时也能附着在盾尾，从而起到良好的密封效果。
根据上述说明书的揭示和教导，本发明所属领域的技术人员还可以对上述实施方式进行变更和修改。因此，本发明并不局限于上面揭示和描述的具体实施方式，对发明的一些修改和变更也应当落入本发明的权利要求的保护范围内。此外，尽管本说明书中使用了一些特定的术语，但这些术语只是为了方便说明，并不对本发明构成任何限制。
Claims (10)
1.一种盾构机盾尾密封油脂，其特征在于：所述密封油脂包括以下质量百分比的组分：20-35％基础油，20-40％的粉状填料，15-30％的纤维材料，8-15％的增稠剂，2-8％的粘度指数改进剂，0.5-3％的防霉剂，0.3-1.5％的离子液体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的盾构机盾尾密封油脂，其特征在于：所述离子液体为1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐，1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐，1-癸基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐，1-癸基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的盾构机盾尾密封油脂，其特征在于：基础油为矿物油、植物油或合成油中的一种或多种。所述矿物油包括环烷基基础油和石蜡基基础油以及二者混合物；所述植物油包括玉米油、大豆油、花生油、蓖麻油等；所述合成油包括季戊四醇酯、对苯二甲酸二辛酯、聚‐α‐烯烃合成油中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的盾构机盾尾密封油脂，其特征在于：所述粉状填料包括膨润土、碳酸钙、云母粉、滑石粉、高岭土中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的盾构机盾尾密封油脂，其特征在于：所述纤维材料为植物纤维和矿物纤维中的一种或多种，所述植物纤维包括棉纤维、亚麻纤维、竹纤维，所述矿物纤维包括海泡石纤维、水镁石纤维。
6.根据权利要求1所述的盾构机盾尾密封油脂，其特征在于：所述增稠剂为氢化植物油、聚丙烯醇、聚丙烯酰胺中的一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的盾构机盾尾密封油脂，其特征在于：所述粘度指数改进剂为聚正丁基乙烯基醚、聚异丁烯、乙烯-丙烯共聚物中的一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的盾构机盾尾密封油脂，其特征在于：所述密封油脂还包括石墨烯，石墨烯的含量为：1.0-4.0％。
9.一种制备权利要求1-8任一项所述盾构机盾尾密封油脂的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括如下步骤：将离子液体粉体加入基础油中，常温下搅拌1-2h；加入粉状填料、纤维材料、防霉剂、粘度指数改进剂，搅拌1-2h，再加入增稠剂，继续搅拌2-3h。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制备密封油脂的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括如下步骤：在加入离子液体时，同时加入质量分数为1.0-4.0％的石墨烯。
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| CN110373251A (zh) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-10-25 | 南京理工大学 | 石墨烯/硼酸镧/高岭土复合材料润滑油添加剂 |
| CN111303967A (zh) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-06-19 | 无锡市宜能石化有限公司 | 一种可生物降解的主轴承密封脂 |
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