CN109129825A - A kind of building element and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of building element and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109129825A CN109129825A CN201810913235.8A CN201810913235A CN109129825A CN 109129825 A CN109129825 A CN 109129825A CN 201810913235 A CN201810913235 A CN 201810913235A CN 109129825 A CN109129825 A CN 109129825A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/14—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by simple casting, the material being neither forcibly fed nor positively compacted
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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- Residential Or Office Buildings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of building elements and preparation method thereof, the building element is the overall structure of prefabrication, including more than one composite panel, the composite panel includes the first surface layer, the second surface layer and several supporting elements for connecting the first surface layer and the second surface layer, supporting element between first surface layer, the second surface layer and the first surface layer and the second surface layer is integrated pouring molding structure, and the building element is integrated pouring molding structure.The invention has the advantages that mitigating the self weight of building under the premise of not reducing building element intensity, convenient transportation reduces difficulty of construction, saves cost, and the heat preservation of building, heat-insulated, soundproof effect can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of building elements and preparation method thereof, belong to assembled architecture technical field.
Background technique
It is built made of assemble in site as pre-constructed unit, referred to as assembled architecture.It is largely built in assembled architecture
Component is produced and processed by factory floor and is completed, and component type mainly has: Side fascia, lining, superimposed sheet, balcony, air-conditioning plate, building
Ladder, precast beam, prefabricated post etc..
In assembled architecture, there is a kind of box that is known as to build.The structural system of box building refers to room in the factory
Between wall and floor connect together box-shaped precast entirety be made, be completed at the same time its interior section or armamentarium door and window, bathroom,
The work such as kitchen, electric appliance, the installation of HVAC and wall surfacing, after being transported to site operation, direct-assembling is together, or pre- with other
Component and cast-in-place structural processed combine, the building systems built up.
Since the structural unit of box building is the structural member with certain space, existing box is built there are one very
Big contradiction: in actual use, it is desirable to use space is the bigger the better;And in these structural units in transport, and there are one
Fixed size limitation.Usually, these building structural units needs are transported to construction site.Regardless of means of transportation, all
There are the limitations of certain size.Such as highway transportation limit for height, usually 4.8 meters, 1.2 meters of sweep height are removed, article is transported
Height dimension is no more than 3.6 meters;Highway transportation limit for width, it is general to require within 2.4 meters, for large piece article, can expand
To 3.5 meters or so, but it can greatly improve the cost of transport;In the longitudinal direction, full-size is generally 12 meters.For example,
It is transported using container, builds limitation of the size of box by internal container bulk, common 40HC packaging
The inside dimension of case is 12.032m × 2.352m × 2.69m.
Due to being limited by transportation clearance, the structural unit of the building box design growth cartridge type of the prior art, structure
As shown in Fig. 1;The structural unit of multiple long cartridge types is connected, structure is as shown in Figure 2.Most of long cylindrical structure unit
In structural framework as shown in figure 3, general frame is made by aluminium, light steel etc. in structural framework, then is poured to obtain.It can see
Out, the left and right metope of these long cylindrical structure units is the structural plane of load-bearing, and the presence of these structural planes is divided into house
Several long and narrow spaces.In these long and narrow spaces, the standard width of a room in an old-style house very little in house, depth is too long, it is difficult to meet the actual needs.If
The structural plane structure of these load-bearing is removed to extend use space, then house is unable to satisfy load-bearing requirements, and safety is affected.
In addition, prefabricated building box be building in load-supporting part, in general, the self weight of these load-supporting parts nor
Chang Gao, so that transportation cost is higher, difficulty of construction is larger.
Summary of the invention
Present invention solves the technical problem that being, the self weight of the load-supporting part of building structure is also very high, transportation cost is higher,
Difficulty of construction is larger.
The technical scheme is that providing a kind of building element, the building element is the overall structure of prefabrication,
Including more than one composite panel, the composite panel includes the first surface layer, the second surface layer and connection the first surface layer and second
Several supporting elements of surface layer, the supporting element between first surface layer, the second surface layer and the first surface layer and the second surface layer are
Formed by integrally casting molding structure, the building element are integrated pouring molding structure.
Preferably, the supporting element is support column.
Preferably, the support column is cylinder, cylindroid and/or square column.
Preferably, first surface layer with a thickness of 10-60mm, the second surface layer with a thickness of 10-60mm, the height of support column
Degree is 50-300mm.
Preferably, the packing material is foamed material.Compared with existing structure, the design of multiple support columns greatly drops
The low heat transfer coefficient of the structural plane.Whether filled and process material or it is not filled with material,
Preferably, the building element is made of ultra-high performance concrete.
First surface layer with a thickness of 10-60mm, preferably 15-35mm;Second surface layer with a thickness of 10-60mm, preferably
15-35mm, the height of support column are 50-300mm.
Preferably, column is the cylinder of diameter 10-80mm, the square column of preferably 25-40mm or side length 10-80mm, preferably side length
25-40mm。
Preferably, the building element includes that the rectangular chamber surrounded is sequentially connected by bottom surface, left side, top surface and right side
Body.
Preferably, the junction in two adjacent faces of rectangular cavity is equipped with several link blocks, link block and bottom surface, top surface,
Left side and right side are also integrated pouring molding structure.
Preferably, the vertical plane parallel with left side and right side be set in the inside of rectangular cavity, vertical plane it is upper and lower
Both sides are connected to form one with top surface, bottom surface structure respectively.
Preferably, the first surface layer is parallel to each other with the second surface layer, and vertical with the supporting element.
Preferably, the pre-buried connection bolt of the arm of angle of building element and/or connection sleeve.Connecting bolt and/or connection sleeve are not
But it can be used as connector, be also used as load component when lifting, can be also used for positioning in lifting.
The bottom surface in building element, top surface in the present invention, left side and right side only indicate face facing each other, at this
Building element is for according to its service condition, being referred to as bottom surface, top surface, left side and right side when building.
The size of the building element in left-right direction is length, size along the longitudinal direction is width, along the vertical direction
Size be height, the length of building element is greater than width.
Preferably, the building element is for building house, the width of building element are as follows: by house desigh depth by not surpassing
It crosses conveyor width and limits sized divisions into several units, the width dimensions of the building element are then the width of the unit after the segmentation
Spend size.
Preferably, the conveyor width is limited having a size of 3.5m.
Preferably, the width of building element is 1.2-2.5m.
Building element of the invention can also be cylinder-shaped or other shapes.More than one composite panel surrounds one
Overall structure with inner space is conducive to improve intensity.Columnar building element is that a composite panel forms one
Overall structure with inner space, naturally it is also possible to be docked by multiple cylinders to lengthen the building element.
Unlike existing structural unit, building element of the invention realizes extension while splicing and uses sky
Between purpose.Wherein, the bottom surface, top surface, left side and right side of building element are the prefabricated profiled load-bearing knot of formed by integrally casting
Structure face.Under normal conditions, the forward and backward side of building element is non bearing structure face, is generally not filled with.At this point it is possible to by multiple
Building element is spliced (combination) along its front-rear direction, is thus no longer influenced by the limitation of bulk.
The house that this building element splices can easily obtain 30 squares, 60 squares even 100 squares
Above overall space, and can guarantee that the depth in room is larger with the standard width of a room in an old-style house, avoid the building structure of long tubular.
For example, the Design of length of building element is at 12m, width design 2.4m;By 3 such building element splicings, just
Available 12m × (2.4m × 3)=86.4m2Large space;By 5 such building elements splicings, so that it may obtain 12m ×
(2.4m × 5)=144m2Extra space.These large spaces all have super large standard width of a room in an old-style house 12m, will not influence the daylighting of depth, tool
There is higher comfort.
When the length span of building element is larger, load-bearing structural member can be set inside it to enhance the whole of the building element
Body intensity.The bottom surface of the load-carrying members body and building element, top surface, left side and right side formed by integrally casting are pre-formed.
The load-bearing structural member can be load-bearing pillar, spandrel girder or load-bearing metope etc..Load-bearing pillar, spandrel girder substantially will not shadows
Ring the size of overall space.Even if setting load-bearing metope, can also on the load-bearing metope gating, by the sky of load-bearing metope two sides
Between be connected to.For example, setting 1 piece of load-bearing metope in building element when the length of building element is 12m, length being divided into
7m and 5m is to get the large bay for arriving 7m and 5m, at this point, when the building element of 3 wide 2.4m is mutually spliced, so that it may obtain 7m
× (2.4m × 3)=50.4m2Space and 5m × (2.4m × 3)=36m2Space, the two spaces are also larger, also
It can satisfy the design size in most big-room and luxury housing project houses.
As can be seen that load bearing wall and/or non-load bearing wall is arranged in the inside of the building element, can by these large spaces into
The flexible segmentation of row, obtains the house of different designs.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation methods of building element, comprising the following steps:
(1) mold of the building element is poured according to the production of the structure snd size of building element, the mold includes external mold
And internal model, external mold include the first external mold and the second external mold, the second external mold is located at the inside of the first external mold, in the first external mold and second
Internal model is set in the die cavity that external mold surrounds, makes to form first gap between internal model and the first external mold, to form the first face for pouring
Layer;Make to form Second gap between internal model and the second external mold, to form the second surface layer for pouring;Also have in the internal model several
For pouring the perforation to form supporting element, the perforation is interconnected with first gap, Second gap;
(2) cementitious material is poured in the perforation into mold, first gap and Second gap, made in cementitious material package
Mould;
(3) after cementitious material solidification, the first external mold and the second external mold is sloughed, building element is obtained.
Preferably, using packing material as internal model.
Preferably, using steel form, Bamboo Formwork, plank sheathing and/or plastic formwork as external mold (outside the first external mold and second
Mould).
The bulk density of the building element is very low, can be down to 500Kg/m3.Due to integrally formed overall structure, can be formed compared with
High intensity maintains the stabilization of structure.
In the present invention, building element bottom surface and top surface are the floor built, and left side and right side are the wallboard of building, this
Floor and wallboard are integrally formed by invention, obtain whole structure, have preferable structural strength.In the case where material is constant
Partial structurtes intensity can be made to improve 5 times, bulk density reduces by 30%.
The invention has the advantages that mitigating the self weight of building under the premise of not reducing building element intensity, facilitate fortune
It is defeated, difficulty of construction is reduced, cost is saved, and the heat preservation of building, heat-insulated, soundproof effect can be improved.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 shows a kind of schematic perspective views of building element.
Fig. 2 indicates the cross section A-A schematic diagram of building element in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 indicates the schematic perspective view that the first surface layer and foamed material are removed in Fig. 1.
The diagrammatic cross-section of Fig. 4 expression mold.
Fig. 5 indicates another schematic perspective view of building element of the present invention.
Fig. 6 indicates three building elements of the present invention spliced structural schematic diagram along the longitudinal direction.
Fig. 7 indicates multiple building elements of the present invention spliced structural schematic diagram along the longitudinal direction.
Fig. 8 shows multiple building elements of the present invention spliced structural schematic diagrams in left-right direction.
Fig. 9 indicates multiple building element of the present invention structural schematic diagrams spliced along the vertical direction.
Figure 10 indicates the structural schematic diagram in three buildings Ceng little yet to be built that the present invention designs.
Figure 11 indicates the structural schematic diagram for the three each floor in the building Ceng little yet to be built that the present invention designs.
Figure 12 indicates multiple buildings that each house type of each floor in three buildings Ceng little yet to be built that the present invention designs is divided into
The structural schematic diagram of component.
Figure 13 indicates the structural schematic diagram for connecting into one layer of multiple building elements in Figure 12.
Figure 14 indicates that each layer of structure in Figure 13 connects into the structural schematic diagram of house entirety.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described.
As an embodiment of the invention, a kind of building element is provided, the building element includes by bottom surface
1, the rectangular cavity that top surface 2, left side 3 and right side 4 surround;Its structural schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 1.
Bottom surface 1, top surface 2, left side 3 and right side 4 are composite panel, and the structure of composite panel is as shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 2
It is Fig. 1 along the cross-sectional view in the face A-A, the composite panel includes the first surface layer 51 of the first surface layer 51, the second surface layer 52 and connection
With several support columns 53 of the second surface layer 52, the first surface layer 51, the second surface layer 52 and the first surface layer 51 and the second surface layer
Column 53 between 52 is integrated pouring molding structure.Also filled up between first surface layer 51 and the second surface layer 52 foamed material 54 (for
Convenient for distinguishing, with cross section line indication at 54 filling of foamed material in Fig. 2), foamed material is located at support column 53 and support column 53
Between.Building element is made of concrete.First surface layer 51 with a thickness of 25mm, the second surface layer 52 with a thickness of 25mm, column 53
For cylinder, diameter 30mm is highly 150mm, filled and process material 54 in gap.
As can be seen that remaining structure member is that formed by integrally casting forms to obtain other than the foamed material 54 of filling.
Foamed material 54 can be used as interior mold when pouring.
For it is clearer illustrate the building element internal structure, by the first surface layer 51 and filled and process of building element
After material 54 removes, as shown in figure 3, the corner in each face is equipped with link block 6, these are connected obtained stereoscopic schematic diagram
The other component of block 6 and building element is also to be integrally formed to obtain.
Preparation method:
(1) mold of the building element, building structure as shown in Figure 1 are poured according to the production of the structure snd size of building element
Part prepares mold, and similarly, the position of A-A section carries out section view to mold along Fig. 1, obtains Fig. 4, the mold includes external mold
And internal model, using steel form for building as the external mold of building element, external mold includes the first external mold 71 and the second external mold 72,
Setting foamed material 54 is used as internal model in the die cavity that first external mold 71 and the second external mold 72 surround, and makes between internal model and the first external mold
First gap is formed, to form the first surface layer for pouring;Make to form Second gap between internal model and the second external mold, for pouring shape
At the second surface layer;Also there is several for pouring the perforation to form supporting element, the perforation and first gap, the in the internal model
Two gaps are interconnected;
(2) perforation into die cavity and casting concrete in first gap, Second gap, make cementitious material wrap up internal model;
(3) after concrete curing, the first external mold 71 and the first external mold 72 is sloughed, building element is obtained.
Concrete material formula:
PO42.5 | SAC (sulphur aluminum water mud) | Gypsum | Aggregate chips | Additive | Defoaming agent | Sodium gluconate | Tartaric acid | Water |
350kg | 50kg | 25kg | 572kg | 2kg | 1kg | 0.1kg | 0.2kg | 130kg |
Wherein, PO42.5 indicates the ordinary portland cement of label 42.5.
By the concrete that above-mentioned formula is prepared, the initial flow degree of test is 295mm, and 30min fluidity is 260mm, 1
Its intensity is 23MPa, and 28 days intensity is 72MPa.Above-mentioned concrete material is used to prepare building element, is not set in building element
Reinforcing bar can save a large amount of concrete material and mitigate self weight, and the bulk density of obtained building element is 620Kg/m3, it is far below it
His building structure, the local strength of the building element are also much higher than national standard.
As another embodiment of the invention, a kind of building element is provided, as shown in figure 5, the present invention is built
Component includes bottom surface 1, top surface 2, left side 3 and right side 4, and the bottom surface 1, top surface 2, left side 3 and right side 4 surround rectangular
Cavity.Each face of the rectangular cavity is rectangle.The length of building element is the length of bottom surface 1 or top surface 2, builds structure
The width of part is the width of bottom surface 1 or top surface 2 and the width of left side 3 and right side 4.The height of building element is a left side
The height of side 3 and right side 4.
12 meters of the length of building element, 2.4 meters of width, 2.9 meters of height;Since the span of long side is larger, in building element
Inside at interval of a distance be arranged two pieces of load-bearing metopes 8.Bottom surface 1, top surface 2, left side 3 and the right side of building element
4 and two pieces of load-bearing metopes 8 be the prefabricated profiled load-carrying members face of formed by integrally casting.
The building element does not have forward and backward side, and the leading flank of building element and right side are not filled by object in other words.Cause
This, by can by building element, front-rear direction splices to expand the area of use space again, spliced structural schematic diagram is such as
Fig. 6, shown in 7.
In the settable non bearing structure face of the leading flank of certain building elements or trailing flank, the non-bearings component such as door, window can
To be arranged here.
Building element of the invention can not only be spliced by front-rear direction, can also by left and right directions and on
Lower direction is spliced, and the structural schematic diagram of left and right directions splicing is as shown in figure 8, the structural schematic diagram of up and down direction splicing is such as schemed
Shown in 9.The specific connection type of each building element is the prior art, for example can arrange steel knot at each angle of building element
Structure screw rod and connection box are mutually permanently connected.
One house can be divided into the building element of multiple accumulations, splicing, and these building elements can be in factory
Prefabricated, and all finishings such as install water, electricity, door and window are completed, are only lifted after transporting to scene, docking pipeline
It moves in.
As another embodiment of the invention, below according to specific house to house desigh of the present invention and segmentation,
Joining method is described in detail.
Figure 10 show the building three Ceng little yet to be built, and every layer is divided into A, two house types of B.The little Lou design size is 21 meters long
(12 meters of the A head of a household, 9 meters of the B head of a household), 6.9 meters of maximum width, window is arranged in the front-rear direction in house, is used for daylighting.It so can be with
The building three Ceng little is split according to the specific architectural design: firstly, dividing by floor, obtaining three once same single layer knots
Structure, each layer of schematic diagram are as shown in figure 11;Again by each layer of A, the segmentation of two family B, then each house type is split respectively,
Respectively obtain three building elements (as shown in figure 12): A house type be specifically divided into 2.3m × 12m, 2.3m × 12m and 2.3m ×
Three building elements of 10m, B house type are specifically divided into tri- building elements of 2.3m × 9m, 2.3m × 9m and 2.3m × 7m.
These building elements in Figure 12 are manufactured in factory respectively, then are attached, each layer of structure after connection is as schemed
Shown in 13, each layer is reconnected, obtains house as shown in figure 14, room will can be completed after the pipeline connection between building element
The construction in room.
Claims (22)
1. a kind of building element, which is characterized in that the building element is the overall structure of prefabrication, including more than one is multiple
Panel is closed, the composite panel includes several branch of the first surface layer, the second surface layer and the first surface layer of connection and the second surface layer
Support member, the supporting element between first surface layer, the second surface layer and the first surface layer and the second surface layer are integrated pouring molding knot
Structure, the building element are integrated pouring molding structure.
2. building element as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the supporting element is support column.
3. building element as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the support column is cylinder, cylindroid and/or square column.
4. building element as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the diameter of the cylinder is 10-80mm.
5. building element as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the side length 10-80mm of the square column.
6. building element as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that first surface layer with a thickness of 10-60mm, the second face
Layer with a thickness of 10-60mm, the height of support column is 50-300mm.
7. building element as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the building element is made of ultra-high performance concrete.
8. building element as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that between the first surface layer and the second surface layer of composite panel
It is additionally provided with packing material.
9. building element as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that the packing material is foamed material.
10. building element as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the building element includes by bottom surface, left side, top
Face and right side are sequentially connected the rectangular cavity surrounded.
11. building element as claimed in claim 10, which is characterized in that the corner junction in two adjacent faces of building element
Equipped with several link blocks, link block and bottom surface, top surface, left side and right side are also integrated pouring molding structure.
12. building element as claimed in claim 10, which is characterized in that setting and left side and the right side in the inside of building element
The parallel vertical plane in side, the upper and lower both sides of vertical plane are connected to form one with top surface, bottom surface structure respectively.
13. building element as claimed in claim 10, which is characterized in that the pre-buried connection bolt of the arm of angle of building element and/or
Connect box.
14. building element as claimed in claim 10, which is characterized in that the first surface layer is parallel to each other with the second surface layer, and with
The supporting element is vertical.
15. building element as claimed in claim 10, which is characterized in that the size of the building element in left-right direction is length
Degree, size along the longitudinal direction are width, size along the vertical direction is height, and the length of building element is greater than width.
16. building element as claimed in claim 15, which is characterized in that the building element builds structure for building house
The width of part are as follows: house desigh depth is pressed and is no more than conveyor width restriction sized divisions into several units, the building element
Width dimensions be then the unit after the segmentation width dimensions.
17. building element as claimed in claim 16, which is characterized in that the conveyor width is limited having a size of 3.5m.
18. building element as claimed in claim 16, which is characterized in that the width of building element is 1.2-2.5m.
19. building element as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the building element is cylindrical shape.
20. a kind of preparation method of such as described in any item building elements of claim 1-19, which is characterized in that including following step
It is rapid:
(1) mold of the building element is poured according to the production of the structure snd size of building element, the mold includes external mold and interior
Mould, external mold include the first external mold and the second external mold, and the second external mold is located at the inside of the first external mold, in the first external mold and the second external mold
Internal model is set in the die cavity surrounded, makes to form first gap between internal model and the first external mold, to form the first surface layer for pouring;Make
Second gap is formed between internal model and the second external mold, to form the second surface layer for pouring;Also there is several be used in the internal model
The perforation to form supporting element is poured, the perforation is interconnected with first gap, Second gap;
(2) cementitious material is poured in the perforation into mold, first gap and Second gap, cementitious material is made to wrap up internal model;
(3) after cementitious material solidification, the first external mold and the second external mold is sloughed, building element is obtained.
21. preparation method as claimed in claim 20, which is characterized in that using packing material as internal model.
22. preparation method as claimed in claim 20, which is characterized in that by steel form, Bamboo Formwork, plank sheathing and/or plastics
Template is as the first external mold and the second external mold.
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CN201810913235.8A CN109129825A (en) | 2018-08-13 | 2018-08-13 | A kind of building element and preparation method thereof |
PCT/CN2018/100943 WO2020034172A1 (en) | 2018-08-13 | 2018-08-17 | Building component and preparation method therefor |
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Cited By (2)
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WO2020034173A1 (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2020-02-20 | 张剑 | Building structure module and preparation method thereof |
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US20150121775A1 (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2015-05-07 | Stephen Lee Lippert | Light weight modular units for staggered stacked building system |
CN106245779A (en) * | 2016-07-05 | 2016-12-21 | 上海建工二建集团有限公司 | Integral prefabricated modular architectural construction technology based on UHPC material and system |
CN206428820U (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-08-22 | 鲍威 | A kind of large span self-contained flat |
CN207130948U (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2018-03-23 | 中国建筑第五工程局有限公司 | A kind of new Prefabricated stacking floor based on UHPC |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2020034175A1 (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2020-02-20 | 张剑 | Building structure module for building houses and houses and building method thereof |
WO2020034173A1 (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2020-02-20 | 张剑 | Building structure module and preparation method thereof |
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