CN109099435A - A kind of method of waste incineration and generating electricity and hydrothermal liquefaction cooperative disposal rubbish - Google Patents
A kind of method of waste incineration and generating electricity and hydrothermal liquefaction cooperative disposal rubbish Download PDFInfo
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- CN109099435A CN109099435A CN201810883695.0A CN201810883695A CN109099435A CN 109099435 A CN109099435 A CN 109099435A CN 201810883695 A CN201810883695 A CN 201810883695A CN 109099435 A CN109099435 A CN 109099435A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
- F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
- F23L15/02—Arrangements of regenerators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of waste incineration and generating electricity and hydrothermal liquefaction cooperative disposal rubbish.The described method includes: carrying out burning disposal to low-water-content rubbish；Hydrothermal liquefaction reaction is carried out to high-moisture percentage refuse.The method of the present invention can handle water content in 80% or more, low heat value in 4000kJ/kg rubbish below, solve the problems, such as that the incineration firing that water content is high, calorific value is low is difficult, combustion process is unstable, it is big to damage to combustion furnace.The method of the present invention realizes the mutual supplement with each other's advantages of two kinds of technologies, reduces system building cost, greatly improves garbage treatment efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of processing methods of rubbish, and in particular to a kind of waste incineration and generating electricity cooperates with place with hydrothermal liquefaction
The method for setting rubbish, belongs to technical field of waste treatment.
Background technique
China is while Process of Urbanization Construction progress faster at present, land resource also growing tension, more and more rubbish
The volume reduction, minimizing and recycling of house refuse can be realized using the processing mode of power generation by waste combustion.But due to current China
Garbage classification is generally executed not yet, those high-moisture percentages, the rubbish that cannot be burned are not separated from solid waste
Out.Meanwhile plastic bottle and packing box can also peddle reuse again, most of resident by the garbage reclamation of these high heating values,
In addition lack the classification to rubbish from cooking, so that the most rubbish of content is remaining from food in solid waste, this kind of rubbish tool
There are three feature: low heat value (being lower than 4000kJ/kg), high-moisture percentage (50%~80%), high content of organics (40%~
60%).It is provided according to " consumer waste incineration processing engineering legislation ", into the average low level heat of the rubbish of waste incinerator
Value is not lower than 5000kJ/kg, if the moisture of rubbish is high, the calorific value of rubbish is too low, and ignition temperature can be reduced by direct plungeing into burning,
Increase heat loss due to exhaust gas, reduces and burn the efficiency of furnace, and the stability of combustion process cannot be guaranteed, the economic benefit of burning is not
It can embody.It is at present anaerobic fermentation, landfill, fertilizer fodder etc. for the universal processing method of the rubbish from cooking of high-moisture percentage.
Hydrothermal liquefaction technology is a kind of reaction for carrying out aqueous complicated organic biomass in the environment of high temperature, high pressure, anaerobic, tool
Have the advantages that be suitble to that processing high-moisture percentage biomass, transformation time be short, the high-energy source rate of recovery, is that processing rubbish from cooking is most suitable
Technology.Therefore, garbage incineration technology is combined with hydrothermal liquefaction technology, it is aobvious to the rubbish of processing high-moisture percentage, low heat value
It obtains particularly significant.
The current research in relation to waste incineration, which is concentrated mainly on, changes processing/combustion furnace of pollutant in combustion process
Into, such as a kind of house refuse of reduction incineration flue gas pollutant of Publication No. CN 107191941A of He Changjiang et al. burns
A kind of two patents of waste incinerator of the Publication No. CN 107166406A for the treatment of process and system and Xu Chenyang et al. are burnt,
These patents are not directed to both for the improvement of the combustion process of traditional processing lower solid refuse of moisture content to height
Moisture content/low heat value waste disposal method.The research of hydrothermal liquefaction processing rubbish from cooking is concentrated mainly on input and output material and reaction
The improvement of technical indicator in the process, such as a kind of Kitchen waste hydrothermal liquid of Publication No. CN 107159679A that pond is gushed et al.
Change a kind of biomass by hydro-thermal liquefaction system for producing the Publication No. CN 106635112A of method Bai Xiujun of fuel oil et al. and
Two patents of method, the patent of these hydrothermal liquefaction technical treatment rubbishes from cooking is primarily directed to crude output is improved, using ruler
Degree is not directed to and the combination of incineration firing generation technology in laboratory scale.And currently, the low-heat of domestic rubbish
The characteristics of value, high-moisture percentage make merely improve combustion furnace performance be not able to satisfy domestic garbage disposal demand, in addition, by
Larger in the domestic kitchen garbage scale of construction, it is low that moisture content has height to have, and hydrothermal liquefaction technology is only used only, not only substantially reduces at rubbish
Efficiency is managed, also will cause the wasting of resources, therefore, develops a kind of waste incineration and generating electricity and hydrothermal liquefaction technology synergy disposition rubbish
Method improves influence of the high-moisture percentage refuse to social environment, has a very important significance to garbage treatment efficiency is improved.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of waste incineration and generating electricity and hydrothermal liquefaction cooperative disposal rubbish, it can be achieved that
High-moisture percentage refuse is handled simultaneously in a system with low-water-content rubbish, can handle rubbish of the moisture content 80% or more,
It solves the problems, such as that high-moisture percentage refuse burning is difficult, combustion process is unstable, it is big to damage to combustion furnace, further increases at rubbish
Reason and generating efficiency realize that resource maximumlly recycles.
The method of garbage disposal provided by the invention, comprising: burning disposal is carried out to low-water-content rubbish；And/or
Hydrothermal liquefaction reaction is carried out to high-moisture percentage refuse.
In the above method, the low-water-content rubbish is non-high humidity domestic waste；
The moisture content of the low-water-content rubbish is 10%~50%, and does not include 50%；
The high-moisture percentage refuse is high humidity domestic waste；
The moisture content of the high-moisture percentage refuse is 50%~90%, and including 50%.
The hydrothermal liquefaction reaction is to take water as a solvent, and so that biomass is thermally decomposed to yield liquid product by pressurized, heated
The process of (oil).The reaction has the spies such as easy to operate, raw material sources are wide, high conversion rate, capacity usage ratio are high, product cleaning
Point.
The method that garbage disposal is carried out to low-water-content rubbish further include:
The low-water-content rubbish is first oozed out into Leachate site through placing before the burning disposal；And/or
The high-temperature flue gas that the burning disposal generates generates high-temperature steam through energy regenerating；
The method that garbage disposal is carried out to high-moisture percentage refuse further include:
Before the hydrothermal liquefaction reaction step, the moisture content of the high-moisture percentage refuse is adjusted；And/or
The part high-temperature steam generated after the burning disposal is provided to energy for hydrothermal liquefaction reaction；Another part
The high-temperature steam generates electricity through steam turbine；The crude oil that the hydrothermal liquefaction reaction process generates is as the burning disposal institute
Use fuel.
Specifically, the moisture content in low-water-content rubbish is 30% or less after the exudation Leachate site；
In the step of moisture content for adjusting the high-moisture percentage refuse, being adjusted to moisture content is 80%~95%；
The water-phase product that water, the Leachate site and hydrothermal liquefaction reaction generate, which can be used as, adjusts the high-moisture percentage
The moisture content used diluent of rubbish.
In the burning disposal, incineration temperature is 850-1000 DEG C；Time is 1h or more；
It include: that the high-moisture percentage refuse is pressurized to 100~150atm in the hydrothermal liquefaction reaction step；
It is described that hydrothermal liquefaction reaction step is carried out to high-moisture percentage refuse further include: before hydrothermal liquefaction reaction,
Reaction system is first passed through into heat exchanger and carries out heat exchange；
The temperature of the heat exchanger is 100 DEG C~150 DEG C；
The temperature of the main reactor is 260 DEG C~350 DEG C；
Reaction time is 10~45 minutes；
Product after the hydrothermal liquefaction reaction, which is back in the heat exchanger, is cooled to 80~100 DEG C；Specially 80
DEG C, which is that pressure is reduced by way of cooling, guarantees that safety avoids exploding when opening reaction kettle.Later via
Relief valve drains into product separating barrel.
The method that garbage disposal is carried out to low-water-content rubbish further include:
The high-temperature flue gas generated after the burning disposal is generated electricity and is preheated First air used in the burning disposal.
Specifically, the high-temperature flue gas generated after the burning disposal is handled by air preheater, partially by empty pre-
The high-temperature flue gas of device enters waste heat boiler, and then generates high-temperature steam power generation；Flue gas after waste heat boiler heat exchange carries out
Gas cleaning processing；Another part preheats First air used in the burning disposal by the high-temperature flue gas of air preheater；
The gas cleaning processing carries out in flue gas purification system；The flue gas purification system includes the furnace being sequentially communicated
Interior denitrification apparatus, depickling reactor, active carbon injection apparatus, sack cleaner and air-introduced machine, by the denitration in the stove device,
After depickling reactor, active carbon injection apparatus, sack cleaner, it can remove that SOx, NOx in flue gas, dioxin etc. are toxic to be had
Evil substance, is then discharged into atmosphere through the air-introduced machine；After the sack cleaner, the flying dust in flue gas can be collected,
Chelating agent, cement etc. can further be added and carry out chelatropic reaction, after substance is stablized, be transported to landfill yard and carry out innoxious fill out
It buries.
The clinker that the burning disposal generates reacts the ash content generated with hydrothermal liquefaction and carries out identical post-processing, such as makes
Brick, cement processed etc..
The method that garbage disposal is carried out to high-moisture percentage refuse further include: the part high temperature that will be generated after the burning disposal
Steam enters for heating main reactor in hydrothermal liquefaction main reactor, provides energy for hydrothermal liquefaction reaction；Another portion
The high-temperature steam is divided to generate electricity through steam turbine；The crude oil that hydrothermal liquefaction process generates is fired as used in the burning disposal
Material；Specifically, entered in the main reactor by main steam line, valve with the steam branch pipe for being connected to the main reactor.
The high-temperature steam is to be obtained by the high-temperature flue gas that the burning disposal generates through energy regenerating；
Described generated electricity through steam turbine specially converts heat energy into after kinetic energy causes rotor to rotate through electrical power generators；
Specifically, the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas is 800-1000 DEG C；
The temperature of the high-temperature steam is 300 DEG C~400 DEG C.
The gas-phase product that the hydrothermal liquefaction reaction generates is input to the flue gas purification system.
The method of waste incineration and generating electricity cogeneration of heat and power provided by the invention and hydrothermal liquefaction cooperative disposal domestic waste,
Include the following steps:
(1) non-high humidity domestic waste enters incinerator progress burning disposal after placing and oozing out Leachate site；It is described to burn
It burns the high-temperature flue gas that processing generates and generates high-temperature steam through energy regenerating；
(2) high humidity domestic waste pressurizes after adjusting moisture content, then enters main reaction by heat exchanger
Pyrohydrolysis reaction is carried out in device；The crude oil that the pyrolysis generates, which is input in the incinerator, carries out combustion power generation；Institute
High-temperature steam is stated for heating the main reactor.
In the above method, the non-high humidity domestic waste is low-water-content rubbish；
The moisture content of the non-high humidity domestic waste is 10%~50%, and does not include 50%；
The high humidity domestic waste is high-moisture percentage refuse；
The moisture content of the high humidity domestic waste is 50%~90%, and including 50%；
The temperature of the high-temperature flue gas is 800-1000 DEG C.
The high-temperature steam of partial amount generates electricity through steam turbine, and it is anti-that the high-temperature steam of surplus enters the master
It answers in device.
It is 80%~95% that the high humidity domestic waste, which is adjusted to moisture content,；
The high humidity domestic waste is forced into 100~150atm；
The temperature of the heat exchanger is 100 DEG C~150 DEG C；
The temperature of the main reactor is 260 DEG C~350 DEG C；
The time of the pyrohydrolysis reaction is 10~45 minutes；
System after the pyrohydrolysis reaction, which is back in the heat exchanger, is cooled to 80 DEG C.
The water-phase product that water, the Leachate site and hydrothermal liquefaction reaction generate is as the dilute of the high-moisture percentage refuse
Release liquid.
The method of the present invention realizes in destructor plant high-moisture percentage refuse and low-water-content rubbish in a system
While handle, specifically have the following beneficial effects:
(1) moisture content can be handled in 80% or more, low heat value in 4000kJ/kg rubbish below, it is high, hot to solve moisture content
It is worth that low incineration firing is difficult, combustion process is unstable, big problem is damaged to combustion furnace.
(2) hydrothermal liquefaction technology is embedded in waste incineration and generating electricity system, is produced using the crude oil that pyrohydrolysis reaction generates
Object combustion power generation has expanded direction for the development of hydrothermal liquefaction technology；Meanwhile the comburant in Refuse Incineration Process in incinerator
Calorific value ensured that efficiency of combustion and stability are improved, the steam of generation can react that provide must for hydrothermal liquefaction
Calorific requirement realizes the mutual supplement with each other's advantages of two kinds of technologies, reduces the cost of system operation and maintenance, greatly improves garbage disposal effect
Rate.
(3) although waste incineration and generating electricity cogeneration of heat and power and hydrothermal liquefaction technology be combined with each other, two kinds of technologies are each other
Between have certain independence, i.e. hydrothermal liquefaction technology will not interfere the treatment process of the solid refuse of low-water-content, low to contain
Water rate solid refuse will not influence hydrothermal liquefaction to the treatment process of high-moisture percentage refuse in combustion.
(4) the combination system of waste incineration and generating electricity and hydrothermal liquefaction technology can control adjustment reaction condition at any time, guarantee system
System stable operation.
(5) rubbish of high-moisture percentage is effectively addressed, greatly reduce garbage incinerating power plant leachate collection and
The workload of processing reduces the investment of device for treating leachate, improves the on-road efficiency of garbage incinerating power plant.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the material of the method for waste incineration and generating electricity cogeneration of heat and power of the present invention and hydrothermal liquefaction technology synergy disposition rubbish
Flow chart.
Fig. 2 is the energy of the method for waste incineration and generating electricity cogeneration of heat and power of the present invention and hydrothermal liquefaction technology synergy disposition rubbish
Figure.
Fig. 3 is the waste incineration and generating electricity co-generation unit energy diagram in the method for the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the hydrothermal liquefaction technological system energy diagram in the method for the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further elaborated combined with specific embodiments below, but the present invention is not limited to following embodiments.Institute
State method is conventional method unless otherwise instructed.The raw material can obtain unless otherwise instructed from public commercial source.
The material flow figure of the method for waste incineration and generating electricity cogeneration of heat and power of the present invention and hydrothermal liquefaction cooperative disposal rubbish is such as
Shown in Fig. 1, using the method for the present invention handle 11 tons of house refuses (ratio of low-water-content rubbish and high-moisture percentage refuse is 10:
1), wherein the moisture content of low-water-content rubbish is 10%~50%, and the moisture content of high-moisture percentage refuse is 70%.It is first low by 10 tons
Moisture percentage refuse is unloaded to storage hole storage 4 to 7 days in soot, oozes out Leachate site, burns after reducing moisture content into incinerator
It burns, burning furnace temperature is 950 DEG C, and 39377.6Nm is generated after full combustion3950 DEG C of high-temperature flue gas, high-temperature flue gas is through pipeline
Enter waste heat boiler by air preheater, wherein 21251.2Nm in air preheater3High-temperature flue gas enter the First air in incinerator into
Row preheating carries out combustion reaction with the rubbish in incinerator out of the injection of incinerator bottom incinerator after First air is preheated.It is high
Warm flue gas is in the waste heat boiler after heat exchange, into flue gas purification system, after passing sequentially through depickling reactor, sack cleaner,
Atmosphere is discharged into through chimney after the poisonous and harmful substances such as SOx, NOx, dioxin in removal combustion gas.After sack cleaner, flue gas
In flying dust can be collected, chelating agent is further added, cement etc. carries out chelatropic reaction, after substance is stablized, transhipment
Innoxious landfill is carried out to landfill yard.Meanwhile the high temperature and high pressure steam of 400 DEG C, 4Mpa is exported in waste heat boiler.Wherein 18.39
The steam of ton converts heat energy into after kinetic energy causes rotor to rotate through electrical power generators, generated energy is to steam turbine is entered
3.77MWh.400 DEG C of 89kg, the steam of 4Mpa enter the heat exchanger and main reactor of hydrothermal liquefaction system through piping.
Enter hydro-thermal liquid through piping in 400 DEG C of the 89kg generated from waste incineration cogeneration of heat and power, the steam of 4Mpa
Before the main reactor of change system, after 1 ton of high-moisture percentage refuse is rubbed via pretreatment tank, 1 ton of water or reaction water phase is added to produce
Object is diluted to the raw material that 2 tons of moisture content are 85%, enters hydro-thermal liquid after being forced into 100~150atm pressure via high-pressure pump later
In the heat exchanger of change system, heat exchange is carried out with hydrothermal liquefaction product in a heat exchanger, raw material is heated to 100~150
℃；At the same time, the high temperature and high pressure steam (400 DEG C, 4Mpa) that waste incineration and generating electricity cogeneration of heat and power generates heats main reactor
And it maintains to 300 DEG C.The raw material that 2 tons of moisture content are 85% enters heat exchanger, is heated to 300 into tubular continuous reactor
DEG C, after raw material reacts 10~45 minutes in tubular continuous reactor, comes back to and be cooled to 80~100 in heat exchanger
℃.Product separating barrel is drained into via relief valve later, 2 tons of gross products drain into product separating tank through relief valve, and converting crude oil rate is
40%, generate 0.12 ton of crude oil；0.03 ton of ash product, meteorological product (main component CO2) 0.01 ton, water-phase product 1.84
Ton.Wherein, 0.12 ton of crude oil of crude oil is directly entered incinerator combustion power generation through pipeline, and 1 ton of water-phase product and Leachate site are recycled back to
To pretreatment tank, for diluting raw material.
Energy balance figure is as shown in Fig. 2, 1 ton of calorific value is 3000KJ/kg, moisture content is in above method operation of the present invention
70% high-moisture percentage refuse gross energy be 0.83MWh, preprocessed groove cutter it is broken after is diluted to 2 tons, later using high-pressure pump with
Raw material is continuously added in the heat-exchange tube of hydrothermal liquefaction process, and heat exchanger is heated to by the pressure of 100~150atm
100~150 DEG C, this process high-pressure pump energy consumption is 0.025MWh.After 2 tons of raw materials enter heat exchanger, into stainless steel tube
Formula flow reactor is heated to 300 DEG C, and heat exchanger and reactor thermal losses are 10%, it is therefore desirable to additional thermal energy 0.064MWh
Maintain 300 DEG C of main reactor, raw material after inner reaction tube 10~45 minutes, come back in heat exchanger and be cooled to 80~
100 DEG C, product drains into product separating tank through relief valve.Relief valve is passive type pressure control relief valve, is not consumed energy, hydrothermal liquefaction
System total needs outside energy 0.089MWh.Converting crude oil rate is 40%, generates 0.12 ton of crude oil and is directly entered through pipeline and burns
Furnace combustion power generation is burnt, crude oil calorific value is 21MJ/kg, generates utilisable energy 0.70MWh.
At the same time, the gross energy for the low-water-content rubbish that 10 tons of calorific values are 6000KJ/kg, moisture content is 10%~50%
It subtracts hydrothermal liquefaction system in addition 0.12 ton of calorific value is the crude oil of 21MJ/kg for 16.67MWh and needs additional thermal energy
0.064MWh is 17.31MWh into the gross energy in incinerator, and burning furnace temperature is 1000 DEG C, is generated after full combustion
1000 DEG C of high-temperature flue gas, high-temperature flue gas enter waste heat boiler by air preheater through pipeline, and the high-temperature flue gas in air preheater, which enters, to be burnt
Burn furnace in First air preheated, after First air is preheated from incinerator bottom injection incinerator in the rubbish in incinerator
Carry out combustion reaction.After heat exchange in waste heat boiler, the high temperature and high pressure steam of 400 DEG C, 4Mpa is exported in waste heat boiler.This rubbish
Thermal losses is 20% in rubbish incineration system combustion process, and it is 13.84MWh that waste heat boiler, which exports energy,.High temperature and high pressure steam enters
Steam turbine is converted heat energy into through electrical power generators after kinetic energy causes rotor to rotate, and this system turbine efficiency is 27.4%, i.e.,
3.79MWh subtracts the electricity 0.025MWh of high-pressure pump consumption during hydrothermal liquefaction, and it is electric that remaining 3.77MWh is completely used for online
Amount, including crude oil electricity production 0.13MWh, low-water-content incineration firing electricity production 3.64MWh is calculated by electricity consumption 20% in field, from
And electricity volume is 2.91MWh.That is waste incineration and generating electricity cogeneration of heat and power and the electricity volume of hydrothermal liquefaction technology synergy system be
3.04MWh, efficiency promote 4.16% than before.
Wherein, waste incineration and generating electricity co-generation unit energy diagram as shown in figure 3, hydrothermal liquefaction technological system energy diagram such as
Shown in Fig. 4.
Dry and wet rubbish different proportion condition cooperative system improved efficiency value has been counted in table 1.
1 dry and wet rubbish different proportion condition cooperative system improved efficiency value of table
Note: WTE refers to waste incineration and generating electricity cogeneration of heat and power, and HTL refers to that hydrothermal liquefaction technology, dry and wet ratio refer to low
The ratio of moisture percentage refuse and high-moisture percentage refuse.
Derivation of energy formula in the method for rubbish power generation by waste combustion cogeneration of heat and power of the present invention and hydrothermal liquefaction cooperative disposal rubbish is such as
Under:
Hydrothermal liquefaction oil-phase product thermal energy calculating formula is as follows:
MWhoil=HVoil×Poil÷3.6
Wherein MWhoilFor oil-phase product total heat energy, unit, MWh；HVoilFor oil-phase product calorific value, unit, MJ/kg, this reality
It applies in example as 21MJ/kg；PoilFor oil-phase product yield, unit, ton is 0.12 ton in the present embodiment.
The derivation of energy formula of waste incineration and generating electricity cogeneration of heat and power electricity production are as follows:
MWhout1=MWhMSW×γ1×γ2×(1-γ3)
Wherein, MWhout1For electricity volume, unit, MWh；MWhMSWFor rubbish institute calorific value, unit, MWh, γ1To burn
The efficiency of furnace is 80%, γ in the present embodiment2It is 27.4%, γ in the present embodiment for turbine efficiency3For field power consumption efficiency, sheet
It is 20% in embodiment.
The energy of the electricity production of the method for waste incineration and generating electricity cogeneration of heat and power of the present invention and hydrothermal liquefaction cooperative disposal rubbish
Expression formula are as follows:
Wherein, MWhout2For electricity volume, unit, MWh；MWhMSWFor total heat energy contained by rubbish, unit, MWh；γ1To burn
The efficiency of furnace is burnt, this patent is denoted as 80%, γ2For turbine efficiency, this patent is denoted as 27.4%, γ3For field power consumption efficiency, this is specially
Benefit is denoted as 20%.For the thermal energy that cooperative disposal waste incineration part is provided to hydrothermal liquefaction, unit, MWh/t, this patent is denoted as
0.064MWh/t。MWhpumpFor the electricity that high-pressure pump during hydrothermal liquefaction consumes, this patent is denoted as 0.025MWh/t.A is association
With garbage weight in disposition, unit, t.
The improved efficiency of the method for waste incineration and generating electricity cogeneration of heat and power of the present invention and hydrothermal liquefaction cooperative disposal rubbish is expressed
Formula are as follows:
Wherein, Δ η is the improved efficiency value of a kind of method of waste incineration and generating electricity and hydrothermal liquefaction cooperative disposal rubbish；
MWhout1For the electricity volume of simple waste incineration and generating electricity co-generation unit, unit, MWh；MWhout2For waste incineration and generating electricity
The electricity volume of cogeneration of heat and power and hydrothermal liquefaction cooperative disposal garbage system.
Material conversion in the method for rubbish power generation by waste combustion cogeneration of heat and power of the present invention and hydrothermal liquefaction cooperative disposal rubbish is expressed
Formula is as follows:
Hydrothermal liquefaction material conversion calculating formula is as follows:
P=F × η × (γgas,γoil,γaqu,γash)
Wherein, P is Product yields, unit, ton；F is raw material weight in wet base, unit, ton；η is solid content, is in the present embodiment
30%；γgasIt is 3%, γ in the present embodiment for gas-phase product conversion ratiooilFor oil-phase product conversion ratio, it is in the present embodiment
40%, γaquIt is 47%, γ in the present embodiment for water-phase product conversion ratioashFor ash residue conversion ratio, it is in the present embodiment
10%, if being diluted with water adjustment moisture content of the raw material, total water-phase product need to additionally add institute's amount of water.
One, waste incineration and generating electricity cogeneration of heat and power example
The domestic waste that 10 tons of calorific values are 6000KJ/KG, moisture content is 30% reaches certain life after collecting transhipment
10 tons of house refuses are unloaded to storage hole storage 4 to 7 days in soot, ooze out Leachate site, reduce by waste incineration field, garbage truck
Enter incinerator after moisture content to burn, burning furnace temperature is 950 DEG C or so, and high-temperature flue gas, high temperature are converted to after full combustion
Flue gas enters waste heat boiler by air preheater through pipeline, and wherein the high-temperature flue gas of air preheater is preheated into for First air, once
Combustion reaction is carried out with the house refuse in incinerator out of the injection of incinerator bottom incinerator after wind is preheated.Waste heat boiler it
Afterwards, the flue gas after heat exchange enters flue gas purification system, can be effective after passing sequentially through depickling reactor, sack cleaner
The poisonous and harmful substances such as SOx, NOx, the dioxin in combustion gas are removed, so that it is discharged into atmosphere through chimney, after sack cleaner, cigarette
Flying dust in gas can be collected, so that chelating agent, cement etc., which is further added, carries out chelatropic reaction, be stablized to substance
Afterwards, it is transported to landfill yard and carries out innoxious landfill.The high temperature and high pressure steam of 400 DEG C, 4Mpa is exported in waste heat boiler.High temperature and pressure
Steam converts heat energy into after kinetic energy causes rotor to rotate through steam turbine through electrical power generators, total power generation 3.77MWh.
Two, hydrothermal liquefaction technical examples one
1 ton of scale reaction device: by kitchen garbage by blender handle and be adjusted to moisture content be 80% raw material it
Afterwards, raw material is continuously added in heat-exchange tube with the pressure of 102atm, the speed of 0.72L/min using high-pressure pump.In heat exchange
In pipe, the raw material newly supplemented is heated to 100~150 DEG C by room temperature, enters stainless steel tubular continuous reactor later and is heated to
300 DEG C, raw material reacts via pyrohydrolysis after inner reaction tube 35 minutes and generates approximate crude oil products, come back to heat later
80 DEG C are cooled in exchange pipe.Product separating barrel is drained into via relief valve.Gas-phase product is arranged from top cross over pipe in separating barrel
The taste removal into active carbon bucket.Due to product density difference, fuel tank product is suspended on water-phase product, and ash content residue is then sunken to bucket
Bottom stands about 1h and separates three-phase product.Converting crude oil rate is more than 50% as the result is shown, and engine test results show bio-crude oil
When product and diesel fuel ratio example are 1:4 after distillation, generate power it is identical in 100% diesel oil and generate less air pollution because
Son.
Three, hydrothermal liquefaction technical examples two
1 ton of scale reaction device: by waste water treatment plant's sludge after dehydration, then agitated machine is blended and is adjusted to
Raw material is continuously added to hot friendship using high-pressure pump with the pressure of 102atm, the speed of 0.72L/min by the raw material of moisture content 85%
It changes in pipe.In heat-exchange tube, the raw material newly supplemented is heated to 100~150 DEG C by room temperature, enters stainless steel tubular type later and connects
Continuous reactor is heated to 300 DEG C, and raw material reacts via pyrohydrolysis after inner reaction tube 40 minutes and generates approximate crude oil products,
It is come back in heat-exchange tube later and is cooled to 80 DEG C.Product separating barrel is drained into via relief valve.The gas-phase product in separating barrel
From top, cross over pipe drains into taste removal in active carbon bucket.Due to product density difference, fuel tank product is suspended on water-phase product, ash
Divide residue to be then sunken to a barrel bottom, stands about 1h and separate three-phase product.Converting crude oil rate is more than 40% as the result is shown.
As can be seen from the above-described embodiment, the method for the present invention has the advantages that
(1) waste incineration and generating electricity and hydrothermal liquefaction technology realize it is organic cooperate with, whole system endless-chain is complete: rubbish is burnt
It burns power generation electric heating coproduction and provides external energy for hydrothermal liquefaction technology, hydrothermal liquefaction technology passes through these external energies for moisture content
High wet refuse is converted to crude oil, generates electricity into electric heating joint process；Percolate and hydrothermal liquefaction skill in electric heating joint process
The water that art generates can return in wet refuse as dilution；The flue gas and hydro-thermal liquid that waste incineration and generating electricity cogeneration of heat and power process generates
The gas-phase product that change process generates enters depickling reaction tower together and is handled；What waste incineration and generating electricity cogeneration of heat and power process generated
The ash product that clinker and hydrothermal liquefaction process generate does same post-processing (brickmaking, cement processed etc.).Whole process is effective
Handled high wet refuse and percolate processing problem.
(2) energy conversion process of the method for waste incineration and generating electricity cogeneration of heat and power and hydrothermal liquefaction technology synergy disposition rubbish
Clear in detail, efficiency is obviously improved, and as the ratio of high-moisture percentage refuse and low-water-content rubbish improves, efficiency of fuel cell generation increases bright
It is aobvious.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of garbage disposal, comprising: carry out burning disposal to low-water-content rubbish；And/or
Hydrothermal liquefaction reaction is carried out to high-moisture percentage refuse.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: the low-water-content rubbish is non-high humidity urban life rubbish
Rubbish；
The moisture content of the low-water-content rubbish is 10%~50%, and does not include 50%；
The high-moisture percentage refuse is high humidity domestic waste；
The moisture content of the high-moisture percentage refuse is 50%~90%, and including 50%.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the method for carrying out garbage disposal to low-water-content rubbish
Further include:
The low-water-content rubbish is first oozed out into Leachate site through placing before the burning disposal；And/or
The high-temperature flue gas that the burning disposal generates generates high-temperature steam through energy regenerating；
The method that garbage disposal is carried out to high-moisture percentage refuse further include:
Before the hydrothermal liquefaction reaction step, the moisture content of the high-moisture percentage refuse is adjusted；And/or
The part high-temperature steam generated after the burning disposal is provided to energy for hydrothermal liquefaction reaction；Described in another part
High-temperature steam generates electricity through steam turbine；The crude oil that the hydrothermal liquefaction reaction process generates is fired as used in the burning disposal
Material.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized by: after the exudation Leachate site, containing in low-water-content rubbish
Water rate is 30% or less；
In the step of moisture content for adjusting the high-moisture percentage refuse, being adjusted to moisture content is 80%~95%；
The water-phase product that water, the Leachate site and hydrothermal liquefaction reaction generate containing as the adjusting high-moisture percentage refuse
Water rate used diluent.
5. method according to any one of claims 1-4, it is characterised in that: in the burning disposal, incineration temperature is
850-1000℃；
It include: that the high-moisture percentage refuse is pressurized to 100~150atm in the hydrothermal liquefaction reaction step；
It is described that hydrothermal liquefaction reaction step is carried out to high-moisture percentage refuse further include:, will be anti-before hydrothermal liquefaction reaction
It answers system to first pass through heat exchanger and carries out heat exchange；
The temperature of the heat exchanger is 100 DEG C~150 DEG C；
The temperature of the main reactor is 260 DEG C~350 DEG C；
Reaction time is 10~45 minutes；
Product after the hydrothermal liquefaction reaction, which is back in the heat exchanger, is cooled to 80~100 DEG C；Specially 80 DEG C.
6. -5 any method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: carry out the side of garbage disposal to low-water-content rubbish
Method further include:
The high-temperature flue gas generated after the burning disposal is generated electricity and is preheated First air used in the burning disposal；
The method that garbage disposal is carried out to high-moisture percentage refuse further include: the part high-temperature steam that will be generated after the burning disposal
Into being used to heat main reactor in hydrothermal liquefaction main reactor, energy is provided for hydrothermal liquefaction reaction；Another part institute
High-temperature steam is stated to generate electricity through steam turbine；The crude oil that hydrothermal liquefaction process generates is fuel used as the burning disposal；
The high-temperature steam is to be obtained by the high-temperature flue gas that the burning disposal generates through energy regenerating；
Specifically, the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas is 800-1000 DEG C；
The temperature of the high-temperature steam is 300 DEG C~400 DEG C.
7. a kind of method of waste incineration and generating electricity cogeneration of heat and power and hydrothermal liquefaction cooperative disposal domestic waste, comprising:
(1) non-high humidity domestic waste carries out burning disposal；The high-temperature flue gas that the burning disposal generates is produced through energy regenerating
Raw high-temperature steam；
(2) high humidity domestic waste carries out pyrohydrolysis reaction；The part high-temperature steam generated after the burning disposal is entered
For heating main reactor in main reactor, energy is provided for pyrohydrolysis reaction；High-temperature steam is through vapour described in another part
Turbine generates electricity；The crude oil that pyrohydrolysis process generates is fuel used as the burning disposal.
8. a kind of method of waste incineration and generating electricity cogeneration of heat and power and hydrothermal liquefaction cooperative disposal domestic waste, including walk as follows
It is rapid:
(1) non-high humidity domestic waste enters incinerator progress burning disposal after placing and oozing out Leachate site；At the burning
The high-temperature flue gas that reason generates generates high-temperature steam through energy regenerating；
(2) high humidity domestic waste pressurizes after adjusting moisture content, is then entered in main reactor by heat exchanger
Carry out pyrohydrolysis reaction；The crude oil that the pyrolysis generates, which is input in the incinerator, carries out combustion power generation；The height
Warm steam is for heating the main reactor.
9. method according to claim 7 or 8, it is characterised in that: the non-high humidity domestic waste is low-water-content
Rubbish；
The moisture content of the non-high humidity domestic waste is 10%~50%, and does not include 50%；
The high humidity domestic waste is high-moisture percentage refuse；
The moisture content of the high humidity domestic waste is 50%~90%, and including 50%；
The temperature of the high-temperature flue gas is 800-1000 DEG C.
10. according to the method any in claim 7-9, it is characterised in that: the high-temperature steam of partial amount is through steamer
Machine generates electricity, and the high-temperature steam of surplus enters in the main reactor；
It is 80%~95% that the high humidity domestic waste, which is adjusted to moisture content,；
The high humidity domestic waste is forced into 100~150atm；
The temperature of the heat exchanger is 100 DEG C~150 DEG C；
The temperature of the main reactor is 260 DEG C~350 DEG C；
The time of the pyrohydrolysis reaction is 10~45 minutes；
System after the pyrohydrolysis reaction, which is back in the heat exchanger, is cooled to 80 DEG C.
Dilution of the water-phase product that water, the Leachate site and hydrothermal liquefaction reaction generate as the high-moisture percentage refuse
Liquid.
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Application publication date: 20181228 |