A kind of pruner blade mechanisms noise simulation method
Technical field
The present invention relates to horticultural machinery field of noise more particularly to a kind of pruner blade mechanisms noise simulation methods.
Background technique
Currently, be constantly progressive as urbanization is promoted with economic sustainable growth, simultaneous Machine Manufacturing Technology,
Mechanization is realized in the Green Space Construction of various countries main cities and maintenance work substantially;Gardens equipment industry enters fast-developing
Period, the important component that gardens electric trimmer is equipped as gardens also have lasting growth.Electric trimmer is working
When have serious noise pollution, these noise pollutions can drastically influence the physical and mental health of pruning worker and resident.
By inquiry document and comprehensive analysis discovery, ground for a long time although generating noise to vibration friction both at home and abroad and having
Study carefully, but the theoretical mechanism problem for vibrating frictional noise is not resolved yet, there are no effective technological means to make an uproar for such
Sound is predicted and is controlled.
The method of present frictional noise research is mainly Noise Mechanism research, test and simulation analysis.Emulation mode is main
It is transient analysis and complex eigenvalue emulation, transient analysis computational efficiency is low, and calculated result is closely related with primary condition, multiple feature
The calculated result of value emulation under heavy loads is preferable, accurately predicts that the noise of pruner blade mechanisms is all little with both methods
It is suitble to.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of pruner blade mechanisms noise Simulation sides
Method, with solve current pruning machine knife blade noise prediction and control method selection it is indefinite.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that:
A kind of pruner blade mechanisms noise simulation method, comprising the following steps:
1) test of pruner blade mechanisms vibration and noise is carried out:
Blade mechanisms surface vibration acceleration signal and sound pressure signal, vibration-testing point are located at knife when the operation of acquisition pruner respectively
It on piece surface and is uniformly distributed, acoustic pressure test point is located at the parallel side 1m of blade center.Pruner as a whole, is transported
Noise has noise of motor radiation, transmission incentive structure noise and blade cutting movement self-excitation radiated noise when row, in blade mechanisms
Pruner motor and reduction gearbox are covered with noise elimination cotton when acoustic pressure is tested, mitigates its influence to test;Or by the way that each portion is isolated
Part re-test noise is as background noise corrected it to blade mechanisms sound pressure level.
2) kinetic model of blade mechanisms is constructed:
Test obtains the modal parameter of blade structure, by the modal parameter of contrast simulation and test, corrects kinetic model
Material properties, and verify the accuracy of model.The actual conditions for verifying the accuracy of kinetic model are: emulating and testing mould
In the correlation analysis of state, the diagonal line value of the MAC matrix of mode interested should be greater than 0.95.
3) Dynamics Simulation of transmission mechanism:
It is arranged between moving boundaries constraint condition, component on drive model and connects contact relation, driving and frictional force etc., carries out
Simulation Analysis on Multi-body Dynamics, the meshing frequency characteristic that fundamental frequency and harmonics, the Dynamics Simulation of pruner motor are obtained
It is compared and analyzed with the sound pressure frequency characteristic tested in step 1), obtains main noise source when pruner work.
4) approximation of blade mechanisms model and load identification:
By the kinetic model calculated prestressing force mode in step 2), it is approximately the collision friction nonlinear model of blade mechanisms
Linear model analysis, and linear model meets Maxwell reciprocity principle, then is carried with the vibration signal in step 1)
Lotus identification reverse obtains excitation force signal.
5) the acoustics emulation of blade mechanisms:
Acoustics simulation calculation is carried out under this exciter response, obtains the acoustic characteristic of blade mechanisms, and compares simulation result and step
Whether the frequency error of rapid 1) test result is less than 10%, if so, step 6) is carried out, if it is not, then returning 4).
6) structure optimization of blade mechanisms noise control:
Based on the reasonable key factor for influencing blade mechanisms acoustical power of configuration, being determined by experimental design method, which influences experiment, refers to
Target primary and secondary factor, the tendentiousness radiated by excellent combined structural design scheme come reducing noise.
In the step 1), the modification method carried out just slightly to blade mechanisms sound pressure level is: whether assembling cutter
Mechanism carries out sound pressure level test, if the difference of the two is 3dB, should subtract 3dB in the measurement;If the difference of the two is 4 ~ 5dB, subtract
Number is 2dB;If the difference of the two is 6 ~ 9dB, 1dB is subtracted;When the difference of the two is greater than 10dB, the noise of motor and transmission makees background
Noise can be ignored.If the difference of the two is less than 3dB should separate then motor and rotational noise are also the main noise of pruner
Carry out noise reduction process.
In the step 6), the key factor for influencing blade mechanisms acoustical power includes the structure size of blade mechanisms, material
Expect the factors such as characteristic, surface quality, trim designs and motion state.
Compared with prior art, the present invention have following obvious prominent substantive distinguishing features and significant technology into
Step: first is that effective solution the lacking of the noise prediction method of existing pruner blade mechanisms, precision of prediction is high, and process letter
Just;Two there is provided the design process of the structural optimization method of pruner blade mechanisms noise control, and optimization efficiency is high.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of pruner blade mechanisms noise simulation method;
Fig. 2 pruner overall schematic;
The measuring point simple diagram of Fig. 3 vibration and noise testing;
The emulation of Fig. 4 blade and test acoustic pressure spectrogram.
Specific embodiment
A kind of pruner blade mechanisms noise simulation method of the present invention is made into one with preferred embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing
Walk explanation.
Embodiment one: referring to Fig. 1, this pruner blade mechanisms noise simulation method, it is characterised in that: including following step
It is rapid:
1) test of pruner blade mechanisms vibration and noise is carried out;
2) kinetic model of blade mechanisms is constructed;
3) Dynamics Simulation of transmission mechanism;
4) load identifies;
5) the acoustics emulation of blade mechanisms;
6) structure optimization of blade mechanisms noise control.
Embodiment two: the present embodiment is essentially identical with embodiment, and special feature is as follows:
In the step 1), blade mechanisms surface vibration acceleration signal and sound pressure signal when acquiring pruner operation respectively,
Vibration-testing point is located in blade face and is uniformly distributed, and acoustic pressure test point is located at the parallel side 1m of blade center;It prunes
As a whole, noise has noise of motor radiation, transmission incentive structure noise and blade cutting movement self-excitation spoke to machine when operation
Noise is penetrated, pruner motor and reduction gearbox is covered with noise elimination cotton in the test of blade mechanisms acoustic pressure, mitigates its influence to test;
Or by the way that each component re-test noise is isolated, it is as background noise corrected blade mechanisms sound pressure level;To blade
The modification method that mechanism sound pressure level carries out just slightly is: whether fit on blade mechanisms carry out sound pressure level test, if the difference of the two
For 3dB, 3dB should be subtracted in the measurement;If the difference of the two is 4 ~ 5dB, subtracting number is 2dB;If the difference of the two is 6 ~ 9dB, subtract
Remove 1dB;When the difference of the two is greater than 10dB, the noise of motor and transmission is ignored as ambient noise;If the difference of the two is less than 3dB,
So motor and rotational noise main noise for being also pruner should separate and carry out noise reduction process.
In the step 2), test obtains the modal parameter of blade mechanisms, is joined by contrast simulation and the mode of test
Number, corrects the material properties of kinetic model, and verify the accuracy of model;Verify the specific item of the accuracy of kinetic model
Part is: emulating and is testing in the correlation analysis of mode, the diagonal line value of the MAC matrix of mode interested should be greater than
0.95。
In the step 3), be arranged on drive model moving boundaries constraint condition, connect between component contact relation,
Driving and frictional force carry out Simulation Analysis on Multi-body Dynamics, fundamental frequency and harmonics, the Dynamics Simulation of pruner motor are obtained
To meshing frequency characteristic and step 1) in test sound pressure frequency characteristic compare and analyze, obtain pruner work when it is main
Noise source.
In the step 4), by the kinetic model calculated prestressing force mode in step 2), the collision of blade mechanisms
Non-linear in tribology model is approximately linear model analysis, and linear model meets Maxwell reciprocity principle, then uses step
1) vibration signal in carries out load identification reverse and obtains excitation force signal.
In the step 5), acoustics simulation calculation is carried out under this exciter response, obtains the acoustic characteristic of blade mechanisms,
And the frequency error for comparing simulation result and step 1) test result should be less than 10%.
In the step 6), based on the reasonable key factor for influencing blade mechanisms acoustical power of configuration, set by experiment
Meter method determines the primary and secondary factor for influencing experimental index, the tendency radiated by excellent combined structural design scheme come reducing noise
Property.Wherein, the key factor for influencing blade mechanisms acoustical power includes the structure size of blade mechanisms, material property, surface matter
Amount, contact characteristic, trim designs and motion state.
Embodiment three: this pruner blade mechanisms noise simulation method, operating procedure are as follows:
Step 1, pruner overall schematic is shown in that Fig. 2: 1 is blade mechanisms, and 2 be gear reduction box, and 3 be rotation pipe, and 4 be driver
Structure, 5 be handle and motor.The test of pruner blade mechanisms vibration and noise is carried out, blade when acquiring pruner operation respectively
Mechanism surface vibration acceleration and sound pressure signal, test point are shown in Fig. 3, and wherein measuring point 1 is blade face vibration acceleration sensor
Layout points, measuring point 2 is the layout points of sound pressure sensor.The acoustic pressure dominant frequency measured is 2005Hz.
Step 2, the kinetic model of blade mechanisms is constructed:
The modal parameter of test blades structure corrects kinetic model by the modal parameter of contrast simulation and test, by imitative
The accuracy of true and test mode correlation analysis verifying model.It is emulating and is testing in the correlation analysis of mode, mode
The diagonal line value of MAC matrix be greater than 0.95, carry out step 3.
Step 3, the Dynamics Simulation of transmission mechanism:
It is arranged between moving boundaries constraint condition, component on drive model and connects contact relation and driving frictional force etc., carries out
Simulation Analysis on Multi-body Dynamics, the fundamental frequency of pruner motor are 300Hz, and the meshing frequency characteristic that Dynamics Simulation obtains is
750Hz and 2357Hz, the middle sound pressure frequency characteristic tested of step 1) is 2005Hz, gear, electric machine frequency and acoustic pressure test frequency
Correlation is not shown, i.e., main noise source is the collision impact noise of blade when pruner works.
Step 4, the approximation of blade mechanisms model and load identification:
By the kinetic model calculated prestressing force mode in step 2), it is approximately the collision friction nonlinear model of blade mechanisms
Linear model analysis, and linear mechanism meets Maxwell reciprocity principle, then is obtained with the vibration signal reverse in step 1)
To excitation force signal.
Step 5, the acoustics emulation of blade mechanisms:
Acoustics simulation calculation is carried out under this exciter response, is obtained the acoustic characteristic of blade mechanisms, is compared simulation result and step
1) frequency error of test result is 5.2%, is met the requirements, and step 6) is carried out.
Step 6, the structure optimization of blade mechanisms noise control:
Configuration influences the flexible modulus of key factor, gap blade, coefficient of friction and the thickness of blade mechanisms acoustical power, passes through reality
It tests design method and determines that influencing the major factor of experimental index is blade thickness, by the blade mechanisms of excellent composite structure parameter designing
Noisy acoustic power grade reduce 18%.
The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, cannot limit the right model of the present invention with this certainly
It encloses, it is noted that for those skilled in the art, modify or wait to technical solution of the present invention
With replacement, without departure from the protection scope of technical solution of the present invention.