Summary of the invention
The technical issues of present invention devises a kind of electrode structure of capacitor deionizing instrument, solves is existing Electro Sorb
The disadvantage that the desalting efficiency of desalination technology is low, service life is short.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, present invention employs following scheme:
A kind of electrode structure of capacitor deionizing instrument, including positive (151) and cathode (152), it is characterised in that: just
Pole (151) surface includes one layer of cationic barrier layer (21), or/and includes one layer of cathode barrier layer on cathode (152) surface
(22);The cation barrier layer (21) only allows anion to pass through, and cation can not pass through;The cathode barrier layer (22) is only
Cation is allowed to pass through, anion can not pass through.
Further, including multiple positive (151) and multiple cathode, they are all disposed in parallel, the cathode of an outermost end
(152) be clamped between cathode panel (32) and cathode barrier layer (22), the anode (151) of another outermost end be clamped in sun from
Between sub- barrier layer (21) and positive panel (31), other every two positive and negative anodes are integrated into a double-face electrode (153), Duo Geshuan
Face electrode (153) is clamped between an above-mentioned anode and a cathode.
A kind of capacitor deionizing instrument, including desalter tube body (1) are equipped in one end of desalter tube body (1) and contain
The water inlet (11) of metal ion sewage is equipped with a water distributor (141) inside desalter tube body (1), water distributor (141) one
End seal is closed, which is equipped with water outlet (12) close to water inlet (11), the other end, and the surface of water distributor (141) is uniformly set
There are a plurality of inlet openings (141);The water distributor (141) concatenates multiple electrode slices (15) disposed in parallel;Metal ion
Sewage pass sequentially through vertical water channel (16) between water inlet (11), desalter tube body (1) and its nearest electrode slice (15),
Hanging down between the horizontal penstock (17), two neighboring electrode slice (15) between desalter tube body (1) and multiple electrodes piece (15)
The water outlet (12) of straight water channel, the inlet opening (141) of water distributor (141) and water distributor (141), it is characterised in that: the electricity
Pole piece (15) includes positive (151) and cathode (152), includes one layer of cationic barrier layer (21) on positive (151) surface, or/
Include one layer of cathode barrier layer (22) on cathode (152) surface;The cation barrier layer (21) only allows anion to pass through,
Cation can not pass through;The cathode barrier layer (22) only allows cation to pass through, and anion can not pass through.
Further, it is additionally provided on desalter tube body (1) in line mouth (13), desalter tube body (1) is stored
Highly concentrated sewage is directly vented, and the highly concentrated sewage is after electrode slice (15) are substantially discharged in desalter tube body (1)
The sewage of formation,
Further, the in line mouth (13) is equipped with valve (131).
Further, the multiple electrode slice (15) is in addition to two of outermost end be single-side electrode, other electrode slices (15)
It is all double-face electrode.
The electrode structure of the capacitor deionizing instrument has the advantages that
(1) present invention adds a positive and negative amberplex on cathode and anode surface respectively, in the anion of anode surface
Exchange membrane only allows anion to pass through, accordingly even when anode material is when long-term work aoxidizes, although surface can generate one
A little acidic functionalities with ion exchange, but since cation can not be contacted, because without ion exchange occurs,
Thus the adsorption potential of electrode surface will not be occupied, even if anode still plays suction-operated in the state of oxidation, and be kept
Higher current efficiency.
(2) acidic functionality that anode surface of the present invention generates is hydrophilic, is more advantageous to the desalination of aqueous solution.Cause
This, the drawbacks of present invention overcomes anodic oxidation, while having played anodic oxidation bring benefit.
(3) present invention simplifies regeneration process using the method for increasing electric discharge time of repose and being vented desalter, and
The method for improving regeneration effect makes the capacitive deionization after adsorption saturation especially with the method for extending electric discharge time of repose
Equipment is substantially discharged, and the concentrated water stored in equipment is directly then vented outlet, can improve the same of equipment regeneration effect
When, additionally it is possible to further increase the producing water ratio of system.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the present invention will be further described:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of electrode structure of capacitor deionizing instrument, including anode 151 and cathode 152, in anode 151
Surface includes one layer of cationic barrier layer 21, or/and includes one layer of cathode barrier layer 22 on 152 surface of cathode;Cation stops
Layer 21 only allows anion to pass through, and cation can not pass through;Cathode barrier layer 22 only allows cation to pass through, and anion can not lead to
It crosses.
Specifically, including multiple positive 151 and multiple cathode, they are all disposed in parallel, the cathode 152 of an outermost end
It is clamped between cathode panel 32 and cathode barrier layer 22, the anode 151 of another outermost end is clamped in cationic barrier layer 21
Between positive panel 31, other every two positive and negative anodes are integrated into a double-face electrode 153, and multiple double-face electrodes 153 are clamped in
Between an above-mentioned anode and a cathode.
Advantage:
1, cyclic annular, it is easy sealing, it is water-tight;
2, electrode size is small, diameter 150-500mm, easy to produce;
3, circumference water inlet, center of circle water outlet, stock utilization are high.Because water inlet salt concentration is relatively high, in circular contact
Area is larger, and when water flow gradually flows to the center of circle, salt content is gradually decreased, and the area of contact also gradually becomes smaller, electrode material
Utilization rate maximizes.
Hereafter only the present invention will be described for adding amberplex: being constituted the yin, yang of electrochemical desalting unit
Granular activated carbon, activated carbon felt, carbon nanotube, carbon aerogels, graphene etc., denominator can be used in extremely three-diemsnional electrode
It is large specific surface area, good conductivity.
The anode of electrochemical desalting unit is constituted under long-time power on condition, oxidation reaction can occur for anode material, single
Matter carbon can be oxidized to the acidic-groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, these groups have cation exchange property, can and water in
Ion exchange occurs for the cation such as calcium ion, potassium ion, similar to the function of ion exchange resin.And as anode, I
Required for function be adsorpting anion, rather than exchange cation is not occupied if there is the cation of exchange exists
Adsorption potential influences the adsorption capacity of unit mass anode, while the positive electricity of anode also can generate repulsive interaction to cation, reduce
Current efficiency, when the situation reaches ultimate attainment, electrochemical desalting unit can thoroughly disappear except salt functional, and current efficiency is down to zero.
Designed zwitterion barrier layer, is exactly amberplex used in electrodialysis in fact in the present invention, it
Be it is a kind of containing ionic group, to the ion in solution have selection through ability polymeric membrane because generally application when
The ion-selective permeability for mainly utilizing it, so also referred to as ion-selective permeability film.It can stop through anion
Cation is known as cationic barrier layer, and anion is stopped through cation is known as anion barrier layer.
When ion selectivity material is not present in electrode surface, by electric current on the one hand due to the electrical opposite grain of absorption
Sub (useful work), on the other hand for repelling electrically identical particle (idle work), therefore the current efficiency adsorbed is not
100%.And when there are ion selectivity material, do not considering that other energy are time-consuming, the current efficiency for absorption theoretically connects
Nearly 100%.
Another factor of limitation Electro Sorb application is reproduction speed at present, because electro-adsorption demineralization is intermitten service, when
After electrode material adsorption saturation, need to regenerate it.When ion selectivity material is not present, when regeneration, can only be powered short
It connects, parses charged particle from material by natural diffuseness, it is usually relatively slow, because having electric field power drive when absorption, and regenerate
When there is no electric field power drive, natural diffuseness can only be leaned on, effective production water efficiency of Electro Sorb reduces.
And the present invention is added to the sub- selective substances of a leafing in electrode surface, in this way, can be application reversed electricity when regeneration
, regenerative drive power is provided, keeps regeneration very thorough, and can greatly shorten the reproduction time.Be Electro Sorb production water efficiency it is very big
It is promoted.
The present invention adds a positive and negative amberplex on cathode and anode surface respectively, in the anion exchange of anode surface
Film only allows anion to pass through, accordingly even when anode material is when long-term work aoxidizes, although surface can generate some tools
There is the acidic functionality of ion exchange, but since cation can not be contacted, because without ion exchange occurs, thus
The adsorption potential of electrode surface will not be occupied, even if anode still plays suction-operated in the state of oxidation, and be kept higher
Current efficiency, in addition, anode surface generate acidic functionality be it is hydrophilic, be more advantageous to the desalination of aqueous solution.Therefore,
The present invention overcomes the drawbacks of anodic oxidation, while having played anodic oxidation bring benefit.
The working principle on zwitterion barrier layer is: barrier layer be stop sewage in need to be isolated like charges from
Presence of the son near electrode surface is (such as the anion Cl in anode absorption water-、SO4 2-Deng, and stop corresponding cation Na+、
Ca2+Deng it is close, but in order to enable whole charge, which reaches balance, has the H that hydrolytic dissociation comes out+Come in supplement.Similarly, exist
When negative terminal surface Liquidity limit, other anion cannot be close to only OH-To supplement).In this way, being exactly in positive electrode surface
The anion and a part of H to be separated come out in sewage+Hydrogen ion, negative terminal surface are corresponding cation and a part of OH-Hydrogen-oxygen
Radical ion, and the various zwitterions in the water flowed out will be fewer and fewer, extra hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion also can phases
Mutually neutralize.
Following table is that the present invention makes with the prior art without using the Contrast on effect table after ion barrier:
|
Without ion barrier |
Include ion barrier |
Working time |
30min |
30min |
Reproduction time |
≥30min |
≤15min |
Effectively produce the water time |
< 50% |
> 67% |
As shown in Fig. 2, a kind of capacitor deionizing instrument, including desalter tube body 1, in one end of desalter tube body 1
Water inlet 11 equipped with metal ion sewage is equipped with a water distributor 141,141 one end of water distributor inside desalter tube body 1
Closing, the closed end are equipped with water outlet 12 close to water inlet 11, the other end, and the surface of water distributor 141 is uniformly provided with a plurality of
Inlet opening 141;Water distributor 141 concatenates multiple electrode slices disposed in parallel 15;The sewage of metal ion passes sequentially through water inlet
11, the vertical water channel 16 between desalter tube body 1 and its nearest electrode slice 15, desalter tube body 1 and multiple electrodes piece
The inlet opening 141 of the vertical water channel between horizontal penstock 17, two neighboring electrode slice 15, water distributor 141 between 15 and cloth
The water outlet 12 of hydrophone 141, it is characterised in that: electrode slice 15 includes anode 151 and cathode 152, includes one on positive 151 surfaces
The cationic barrier layer 21 of layer, or/and include one layer of cathode barrier layer 22 on 152 surface of cathode;Cationic barrier layer 21 only allows
Anion passes through, and cation can not pass through;Cathode barrier layer 22 only allows cation to pass through, and anion can not pass through.
In line mouth 13 is additionally provided on desalter tube body 1, sewage highly concentrated stored by desalter tube body 1 is straight
Emptying is connect, highly concentrated sewage is the sewage formed after electrode slice 15 is substantially discharged in desalter tube body 1, and in line mouth 13 is equipped with
Valve 131.Multiple electrodes piece 15 is single-side electrode in addition to two of outermost end, and other electrode slices 15 are all double-face electrode.
Following regeneration method may be implemented using the device in Fig. 2: a kind of regeneration method of capacitor deionizing instrument, including
Following steps:
After the completion of metal ion in step 1, capacitor deionizing instrument energization absorption effluent, when being shorted electric discharge by increasing
Between metal ion is sufficiently separated with electrode slice, formed the highly concentrated concentrated water of metal ion;
Concentrated water in capacitor deionizing instrument is directly vented by step 2.
Step 3 carries out moisturizing to capacitor deionizing instrument.
Moisturizing source in step 3 can come from capacitor deionizing instrument treated sewage.
Energization adsorption time=short circuit in step 1 discharges time of repose+emptying time+moisturizing time.
The present invention simplifies regeneration process using the method for increasing electric discharge time of repose and being vented desalter, and improves
The method of regeneration effect makes the capacitive deionization equipment after adsorption saturation especially with the method for extending electric discharge time of repose
It is substantially discharged, the concentrated water stored in equipment is directly then vented outlet, it can be while improving equipment regeneration effect, also
The producing water ratio of system can be further increased.
Above in conjunction with attached drawing, an exemplary description of the invention, it is clear that realization of the invention is not by aforesaid way
Limitation, as long as use the inventive concept and technical scheme of the present invention carry out various improvement, or it is not improved will be of the invention
Conception and technical scheme directly apply to other occasions, be within the scope of the invention.