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CN109081404A - A kind of electrode structure of capacitor deionizing instrument - Google Patents

A kind of electrode structure of capacitor deionizing instrument Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109081404A
CN109081404A CN201710442336.7A CN201710442336A CN109081404A CN 109081404 A CN109081404 A CN 109081404A CN 201710442336 A CN201710442336 A CN 201710442336A CN 109081404 A CN109081404 A CN 109081404A
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electrode
pass
cathode
water
cation
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郭洪飞
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/469Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
    • C02F1/4691Capacitive deionisation

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种电容去离子装置的电极结构,包括正极(151)和负极(152),其特征在于:在正极(151)表面包含一层阳离子阻挡层(21),或/和在负极(152)表面包含一层阴极阻挡层(22);所述阳离子阻挡层(21)仅允许阴离子通过,阳离子无法通过;所述阴极阻挡层(22)仅允许阳离子通过,阴离子无法通过。

The invention relates to an electrode structure of a capacitive deionization device, comprising a positive pole (151) and a negative pole (152), characterized in that: a positive ion blocking layer (21) is included on the surface of the positive pole (151), or/and on the negative pole ( 152) The surface contains a cathode blocking layer (22); the cation blocking layer (21) only allows anions to pass through, and cations cannot pass through; the cathode blocking layer (22) only allows cations to pass through, and anions cannot pass through.

Description

A kind of electrode structure of capacitor deionizing instrument
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sewage-treatment plants, more particularly, to a kind of electrode structure of capacitor deionizing instrument.
Background technique
Existing main water desalination technology includes thermal method, chemical method, embrane method and Electro Sorb method etc. both at home and abroad at present.Thermal method Investment and the equal superelevation of operating cost are suitable for special industry, are not suitable for general water and large-scale application;Embrane method include nanofiltration, Ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis etc., effluent quality is preferable, but investment is big, operating cost is high, has secondary pollution;And it is needed when chemical method regeneration A large amount of acid, alkali, salt are consumed, has great pollution to environment.
Electro Sorb method is at low cost, contamination resistance is strong, using simple, is particularly suitable for high pollution water process, but due to electricity Pole material is easily oxidized, and is generated the acidic functionality with ion exchange, is reduced its desalting efficiency, limit its application.
At present solve electrode material problem of oxidation means be material oxidation to a certain extent, desalination rate drop to one After determining degree, using the method for chemistry or electrochemical reduction, electrode material is restored, to reply its performance, but this method operates Difficulty is difficult to control, and need to use a large amount of reducing solutions, and such as ethylenediamine will cause great environmental pollution, and control bad meeting Permanent damage is caused to electrode material, leads to equipment scrapping.
Summary of the invention
The technical issues of present invention devises a kind of electrode structure of capacitor deionizing instrument, solves is existing Electro Sorb The disadvantage that the desalting efficiency of desalination technology is low, service life is short.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, present invention employs following scheme:
A kind of electrode structure of capacitor deionizing instrument, including positive (151) and cathode (152), it is characterised in that: just Pole (151) surface includes one layer of cationic barrier layer (21), or/and includes one layer of cathode barrier layer on cathode (152) surface (22);The cation barrier layer (21) only allows anion to pass through, and cation can not pass through;The cathode barrier layer (22) is only Cation is allowed to pass through, anion can not pass through.
Further, including multiple positive (151) and multiple cathode, they are all disposed in parallel, the cathode of an outermost end (152) be clamped between cathode panel (32) and cathode barrier layer (22), the anode (151) of another outermost end be clamped in sun from Between sub- barrier layer (21) and positive panel (31), other every two positive and negative anodes are integrated into a double-face electrode (153), Duo Geshuan Face electrode (153) is clamped between an above-mentioned anode and a cathode.
A kind of capacitor deionizing instrument, including desalter tube body (1) are equipped in one end of desalter tube body (1) and contain The water inlet (11) of metal ion sewage is equipped with a water distributor (141) inside desalter tube body (1), water distributor (141) one End seal is closed, which is equipped with water outlet (12) close to water inlet (11), the other end, and the surface of water distributor (141) is uniformly set There are a plurality of inlet openings (141);The water distributor (141) concatenates multiple electrode slices (15) disposed in parallel;Metal ion Sewage pass sequentially through vertical water channel (16) between water inlet (11), desalter tube body (1) and its nearest electrode slice (15), Hanging down between the horizontal penstock (17), two neighboring electrode slice (15) between desalter tube body (1) and multiple electrodes piece (15) The water outlet (12) of straight water channel, the inlet opening (141) of water distributor (141) and water distributor (141), it is characterised in that: the electricity Pole piece (15) includes positive (151) and cathode (152), includes one layer of cationic barrier layer (21) on positive (151) surface, or/ Include one layer of cathode barrier layer (22) on cathode (152) surface;The cation barrier layer (21) only allows anion to pass through, Cation can not pass through;The cathode barrier layer (22) only allows cation to pass through, and anion can not pass through.
Further, it is additionally provided on desalter tube body (1) in line mouth (13), desalter tube body (1) is stored Highly concentrated sewage is directly vented, and the highly concentrated sewage is after electrode slice (15) are substantially discharged in desalter tube body (1) The sewage of formation,
Further, the in line mouth (13) is equipped with valve (131).
Further, the multiple electrode slice (15) is in addition to two of outermost end be single-side electrode, other electrode slices (15) It is all double-face electrode.
The electrode structure of the capacitor deionizing instrument has the advantages that
(1) present invention adds a positive and negative amberplex on cathode and anode surface respectively, in the anion of anode surface Exchange membrane only allows anion to pass through, accordingly even when anode material is when long-term work aoxidizes, although surface can generate one A little acidic functionalities with ion exchange, but since cation can not be contacted, because without ion exchange occurs, Thus the adsorption potential of electrode surface will not be occupied, even if anode still plays suction-operated in the state of oxidation, and be kept Higher current efficiency.
(2) acidic functionality that anode surface of the present invention generates is hydrophilic, is more advantageous to the desalination of aqueous solution.Cause This, the drawbacks of present invention overcomes anodic oxidation, while having played anodic oxidation bring benefit.
(3) present invention simplifies regeneration process using the method for increasing electric discharge time of repose and being vented desalter, and The method for improving regeneration effect makes the capacitive deionization after adsorption saturation especially with the method for extending electric discharge time of repose Equipment is substantially discharged, and the concentrated water stored in equipment is directly then vented outlet, can improve the same of equipment regeneration effect When, additionally it is possible to further increase the producing water ratio of system.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1: the electrode structure schematic diagram of capacitor deionizing instrument of the invention.
Fig. 2: the structural schematic diagram of capacitor deionizing instrument of the present invention.
Description of symbols:
1- desalter tube body;11- water inlet;12- water outlet;The in line mouth of 13-;131- valve;14- water distributor;141- Inlet opening;15- electrode slice;151- anode;152- cathode;153- double-face electrode;The vertical water channel of 16-;17- horizontal penstock;18- into Water end (W.E.) plate;19- is discharged end plate;21- cation barrier layer;22- anion barrier layer;31- anode panel;32- cathode distribution Plate.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the present invention will be further described:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of electrode structure of capacitor deionizing instrument, including anode 151 and cathode 152, in anode 151 Surface includes one layer of cationic barrier layer 21, or/and includes one layer of cathode barrier layer 22 on 152 surface of cathode;Cation stops Layer 21 only allows anion to pass through, and cation can not pass through;Cathode barrier layer 22 only allows cation to pass through, and anion can not lead to It crosses.
Specifically, including multiple positive 151 and multiple cathode, they are all disposed in parallel, the cathode 152 of an outermost end It is clamped between cathode panel 32 and cathode barrier layer 22, the anode 151 of another outermost end is clamped in cationic barrier layer 21 Between positive panel 31, other every two positive and negative anodes are integrated into a double-face electrode 153, and multiple double-face electrodes 153 are clamped in Between an above-mentioned anode and a cathode.
Advantage:
1, cyclic annular, it is easy sealing, it is water-tight;
2, electrode size is small, diameter 150-500mm, easy to produce;
3, circumference water inlet, center of circle water outlet, stock utilization are high.Because water inlet salt concentration is relatively high, in circular contact Area is larger, and when water flow gradually flows to the center of circle, salt content is gradually decreased, and the area of contact also gradually becomes smaller, electrode material Utilization rate maximizes.
Hereafter only the present invention will be described for adding amberplex: being constituted the yin, yang of electrochemical desalting unit Granular activated carbon, activated carbon felt, carbon nanotube, carbon aerogels, graphene etc., denominator can be used in extremely three-diemsnional electrode It is large specific surface area, good conductivity.
The anode of electrochemical desalting unit is constituted under long-time power on condition, oxidation reaction can occur for anode material, single Matter carbon can be oxidized to the acidic-groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, these groups have cation exchange property, can and water in Ion exchange occurs for the cation such as calcium ion, potassium ion, similar to the function of ion exchange resin.And as anode, I Required for function be adsorpting anion, rather than exchange cation is not occupied if there is the cation of exchange exists Adsorption potential influences the adsorption capacity of unit mass anode, while the positive electricity of anode also can generate repulsive interaction to cation, reduce Current efficiency, when the situation reaches ultimate attainment, electrochemical desalting unit can thoroughly disappear except salt functional, and current efficiency is down to zero.
Designed zwitterion barrier layer, is exactly amberplex used in electrodialysis in fact in the present invention, it Be it is a kind of containing ionic group, to the ion in solution have selection through ability polymeric membrane because generally application when The ion-selective permeability for mainly utilizing it, so also referred to as ion-selective permeability film.It can stop through anion Cation is known as cationic barrier layer, and anion is stopped through cation is known as anion barrier layer.
When ion selectivity material is not present in electrode surface, by electric current on the one hand due to the electrical opposite grain of absorption Sub (useful work), on the other hand for repelling electrically identical particle (idle work), therefore the current efficiency adsorbed is not 100%.And when there are ion selectivity material, do not considering that other energy are time-consuming, the current efficiency for absorption theoretically connects Nearly 100%.
Another factor of limitation Electro Sorb application is reproduction speed at present, because electro-adsorption demineralization is intermitten service, when After electrode material adsorption saturation, need to regenerate it.When ion selectivity material is not present, when regeneration, can only be powered short It connects, parses charged particle from material by natural diffuseness, it is usually relatively slow, because having electric field power drive when absorption, and regenerate When there is no electric field power drive, natural diffuseness can only be leaned on, effective production water efficiency of Electro Sorb reduces.
And the present invention is added to the sub- selective substances of a leafing in electrode surface, in this way, can be application reversed electricity when regeneration , regenerative drive power is provided, keeps regeneration very thorough, and can greatly shorten the reproduction time.Be Electro Sorb production water efficiency it is very big It is promoted.
The present invention adds a positive and negative amberplex on cathode and anode surface respectively, in the anion exchange of anode surface Film only allows anion to pass through, accordingly even when anode material is when long-term work aoxidizes, although surface can generate some tools There is the acidic functionality of ion exchange, but since cation can not be contacted, because without ion exchange occurs, thus The adsorption potential of electrode surface will not be occupied, even if anode still plays suction-operated in the state of oxidation, and be kept higher Current efficiency, in addition, anode surface generate acidic functionality be it is hydrophilic, be more advantageous to the desalination of aqueous solution.Therefore, The present invention overcomes the drawbacks of anodic oxidation, while having played anodic oxidation bring benefit.
The working principle on zwitterion barrier layer is: barrier layer be stop sewage in need to be isolated like charges from Presence of the son near electrode surface is (such as the anion Cl in anode absorption water-、SO4 2-Deng, and stop corresponding cation Na+、 Ca2+Deng it is close, but in order to enable whole charge, which reaches balance, has the H that hydrolytic dissociation comes out+Come in supplement.Similarly, exist When negative terminal surface Liquidity limit, other anion cannot be close to only OH-To supplement).In this way, being exactly in positive electrode surface The anion and a part of H to be separated come out in sewage+Hydrogen ion, negative terminal surface are corresponding cation and a part of OH-Hydrogen-oxygen Radical ion, and the various zwitterions in the water flowed out will be fewer and fewer, extra hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion also can phases Mutually neutralize.
Following table is that the present invention makes with the prior art without using the Contrast on effect table after ion barrier:
Without ion barrier Include ion barrier
Working time 30min 30min
Reproduction time ≥30min ≤15min
Effectively produce the water time < 50% > 67%
As shown in Fig. 2, a kind of capacitor deionizing instrument, including desalter tube body 1, in one end of desalter tube body 1 Water inlet 11 equipped with metal ion sewage is equipped with a water distributor 141,141 one end of water distributor inside desalter tube body 1 Closing, the closed end are equipped with water outlet 12 close to water inlet 11, the other end, and the surface of water distributor 141 is uniformly provided with a plurality of Inlet opening 141;Water distributor 141 concatenates multiple electrode slices disposed in parallel 15;The sewage of metal ion passes sequentially through water inlet 11, the vertical water channel 16 between desalter tube body 1 and its nearest electrode slice 15, desalter tube body 1 and multiple electrodes piece The inlet opening 141 of the vertical water channel between horizontal penstock 17, two neighboring electrode slice 15, water distributor 141 between 15 and cloth The water outlet 12 of hydrophone 141, it is characterised in that: electrode slice 15 includes anode 151 and cathode 152, includes one on positive 151 surfaces The cationic barrier layer 21 of layer, or/and include one layer of cathode barrier layer 22 on 152 surface of cathode;Cationic barrier layer 21 only allows Anion passes through, and cation can not pass through;Cathode barrier layer 22 only allows cation to pass through, and anion can not pass through.
In line mouth 13 is additionally provided on desalter tube body 1, sewage highly concentrated stored by desalter tube body 1 is straight Emptying is connect, highly concentrated sewage is the sewage formed after electrode slice 15 is substantially discharged in desalter tube body 1, and in line mouth 13 is equipped with Valve 131.Multiple electrodes piece 15 is single-side electrode in addition to two of outermost end, and other electrode slices 15 are all double-face electrode.
Following regeneration method may be implemented using the device in Fig. 2: a kind of regeneration method of capacitor deionizing instrument, including Following steps:
After the completion of metal ion in step 1, capacitor deionizing instrument energization absorption effluent, when being shorted electric discharge by increasing Between metal ion is sufficiently separated with electrode slice, formed the highly concentrated concentrated water of metal ion;
Concentrated water in capacitor deionizing instrument is directly vented by step 2.
Step 3 carries out moisturizing to capacitor deionizing instrument.
Moisturizing source in step 3 can come from capacitor deionizing instrument treated sewage.
Energization adsorption time=short circuit in step 1 discharges time of repose+emptying time+moisturizing time.
The present invention simplifies regeneration process using the method for increasing electric discharge time of repose and being vented desalter, and improves The method of regeneration effect makes the capacitive deionization equipment after adsorption saturation especially with the method for extending electric discharge time of repose It is substantially discharged, the concentrated water stored in equipment is directly then vented outlet, it can be while improving equipment regeneration effect, also The producing water ratio of system can be further increased.
Above in conjunction with attached drawing, an exemplary description of the invention, it is clear that realization of the invention is not by aforesaid way Limitation, as long as use the inventive concept and technical scheme of the present invention carry out various improvement, or it is not improved will be of the invention Conception and technical scheme directly apply to other occasions, be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (6)

1.一种电容去离子装置的电极结构,包括正极(151)和负极(152),其特征在于:在正极(151)表面包含一层阳离子阻挡层(21),或/和在负极(152)表面包含一层阴极阻挡层(22);所述阳离子阻挡层(21)仅允许阴离子通过,阳离子无法通过;所述阴极阻挡层(22)仅允许阳离子通过,阴离子无法通过。1. An electrode structure of a capacitive deionization device, comprising a positive pole (151) and a negative pole (152), characterized in that: the surface of the positive pole (151) comprises a layer of cation blocking layer (21), or/and on the negative pole (152 ) surface contains a cathode barrier layer (22); the cation barrier layer (21) only allows anions to pass through, and cations cannot pass through; the cathode barrier layer (22) only allows cations to pass through, and anions cannot pass through. 2.根据权利要求1所述电容去离子装置的电极结构,其特征在于:包括多个正极(151)和多个负极,它们都平行设置的,一最外端的负极(152)夹持在负极配电板(32)和阴极阻挡层(22)之间,另一最外端的正极(151)夹持在阳离子阻挡层(21)与正极配电板(31)之间,其他每两个正负极集成为一双面电极(153),多个双面电极(153)夹持在上述一正极和一负极之间。2. The electrode structure of the capacitive deionization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: it comprises a plurality of positive poles (151) and a plurality of negative poles, which are all arranged in parallel, and an outermost negative pole (152) is clamped on the negative pole Between the distribution board (32) and the cathode barrier layer (22), the other outermost positive electrode (151) is clamped between the cation barrier layer (21) and the positive electrode distribution board (31), and every other two positive poles The negative electrode is integrated into a double-sided electrode (153), and multiple double-sided electrodes (153) are sandwiched between the above-mentioned positive electrode and negative electrode. 3.一种电容去离子装置,包括脱盐装置管体(1),在脱盐装置管体(1)的一端设有含金属离子污水的进水口(11),在脱盐装置管体(1)内部设有一布水器(141),布水器(141)一端封闭,该封闭端靠近进水口(11),其另一端设有出水口(12),布水器(141)的表面均匀设有复数个进水孔(141);所述布水器(141)串接多个平行设置的电极片(15);含金属离子的污水依次通过进水口(11)、脱盐装置管体(1)与其最近的电极片(15)之间的垂直水道(16)、脱盐装置管体(1)与多个电极片(15)之间的水平水道(17)、相邻两个电极片(15)之间的垂直水道、布水器(141)的进水孔(141)以及布水器(141)的出水口(12),其特征在于:所述电极片(15)包括正极(151)和负极(152),在正极(151)表面包含一层阳离子阻挡层(21),或/和在负极(152)表面包含一层阴极阻挡层(22);所述阳离子阻挡层(21)仅允许阴离子通过,阳离子无法通过;所述阴极阻挡层(22)仅允许阳离子通过,阴离子无法通过。3. A capacitive deionization device, comprising a desalination device body (1), one end of the desalination device body (1) is provided with a water inlet (11) for sewage containing metal ions, inside the desalination device body (1) A water distributor (141) is provided, one end of the water distributor (141) is closed, the closed end is close to the water inlet (11), and the other end is provided with a water outlet (12), and the surface of the water distributor (141) is uniformly arranged A plurality of water inlet holes (141); the water distributor (141) is connected in series with a plurality of electrode sheets (15) arranged in parallel; the sewage containing metal ions passes through the water inlet (11) and the desalination device body (1) in sequence The vertical waterway (16) between the nearest electrode piece (15), the horizontal waterway (17) between the desalination device body (1) and multiple electrode pieces (15), the two adjacent electrode pieces (15) The water inlet (141) of the vertical channel between the water distributor (141) and the water outlet (12) of the water distributor (141), it is characterized in that: the electrode sheet (15) includes positive pole (151) and The negative electrode (152) comprises a cation blocking layer (21) on the surface of the positive electrode (151), or/and includes a cathode blocking layer (22) on the surface of the negative electrode (152); the cation blocking layer (21) only allows Anions pass through, but cations cannot pass through; the cathode blocking layer (22) only allows cations to pass through, and anions cannot pass through. 4.根据权利要求3所述电容去离子装置,其特征在于:在脱盐装置管体(1)上还设有直排口(13),其将脱盐装置管体(1)所储存浓度高的污水直接放空,所述浓度高的污水为电极片(15)充分放电后在脱盐装置管体(1)形成的污水。4. according to the described capacitive deionization device of claim 3, it is characterized in that: on the desalination device body (1), also be provided with straight outlet (13), it will store the high concentration of desalination device body (1) The sewage is directly discharged, and the high-concentration sewage is the sewage formed in the desalination device pipe body (1) after the electrode sheet (15) is fully discharged. 5.根据权利要求1-4中任何一项所述电容去离子装置,其特征在于:所述直排口(13)设有阀门(131)。5. The capacitive deionization device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: the straight discharge port (13) is provided with a valve (131). 6.根据权利要求1-5中任何一项所述电容去离子装置,其特征在于:所述多个电极片(15)除了最外端的两个为单面电极,其他的电极片(15)都为双面电极。6. according to any one described capacitive deionization device among the claim 1-5, it is characterized in that: described multiple electrode sheets (15) are single-sided electrodes except two of the outermost ends, other electrode sheets (15) Both are double-sided electrodes.
CN201710442336.7A 2017-06-13 2017-06-13 A kind of electrode structure of capacitor deionizing instrument Pending CN109081404A (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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CN102372345A (en) * 2010-08-10 2012-03-14 通用电气公司 Super capacitor desalination apparatus and desalination method
CN103787443A (en) * 2012-10-29 2014-05-14 冠宇水资源科技股份有限公司 Flow-Through Adsorber for Total Dissolved Solids Removal
CN207002348U (en) * 2017-06-13 2018-02-13 郭洪飞 A kind of electrode structure of capacitor deionizing instrument

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1172867A (en) * 1996-08-01 1998-02-11 刘正立 Water pressure osmotic membrane electrolysis water device
CN1417816A (en) * 2001-10-31 2003-05-14 友昕科技股份有限公司 Independent flow-thru capacitor
CN2773058Y (en) * 2005-02-25 2006-04-19 浙江欧美环境工程有限公司 Coiled assembly of electric desalination device
CN2773057Y (en) * 2005-02-25 2006-04-19 浙江欧美环境工程有限公司 Spiral coiled electric salt remover
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CN101985072A (en) * 2010-08-12 2011-03-16 福建新大陆环保科技有限公司 Hollow filtration disk and laminated filter using same
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CN207002348U (en) * 2017-06-13 2018-02-13 郭洪飞 A kind of electrode structure of capacitor deionizing instrument

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111410276A (en) * 2020-04-30 2020-07-14 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 Capacitive deionization electrochemical treatment device

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