CN109071867A - 红外线阻断组合物、其形成方法以及由其形成的红外层 - Google Patents
红外线阻断组合物、其形成方法以及由其形成的红外层 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109071867A CN109071867A CN201780027464.3A CN201780027464A CN109071867A CN 109071867 A CN109071867 A CN 109071867A CN 201780027464 A CN201780027464 A CN 201780027464A CN 109071867 A CN109071867 A CN 109071867A
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- infrared ray
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Abstract
在一个实施方式中,红外线阻断组合物包含:基于可固化预聚物和红外线阻断剂的总重量,60至98wt%的可固化预聚物;基于可固化预聚物和红外线阻断剂的总重量,2至40wt%的红外线阻断剂;其中红外线阻断剂包含氧化铟锡、氧化锑锡、氟氧化锡、氧化钨或包含前述各项中至少一种的组合。
Description
相关申请的引用
本申请要求2017年6月15日提交的美国临时专利申请序列号62/350,346的权益。该相关申请通过引用以其全部内容结合与此。
技术领域
本公开涉及一种红外线阻断组合物、其形成方法以及由其形成的红外层。
背景技术
与传统的玻璃窗玻璃(glass glazings)相比,塑料窗玻璃具有许多优点。这些优点包括例如增加的抗断裂性、减轻的重量,以及对于在车辆中的用途,在发生交通事故时增加乘员安全性并且油耗更低。然而不幸的是,与玻璃窗玻璃相比,塑料窗玻璃具有更高的红外辐射通透性,最终导致内部空间(例如建筑物和车辆的内部空间)的加热增加。内部空间温度的升高降低了乘客或居民的舒适度,并可能引起对空调的增加的需求,这反过来又增加了能量消耗。
因此,需要新技术,例如采用被动设计解决方案,其可以获得减少的太阳热负荷内部空间。
发明内容
本发明公开了一种红外线阻断组合物,其形成方法和由其形成的红外层。
在一个实施方式中,红外线阻断组合物包含:基于可固化预聚物和红外线阻断剂的总重量的60至95重量%(wt%)或60至98wt%的可固化预聚物;基于可固化预聚物和红外线阻断剂的总重量的2至40wt%或5至40wt%的红外线阻断剂;其中红外线阻断剂包含氧化铟锡、氧化锑锡、氟氧化锡、氧化钨或包含前述各项中至少一种的组合。
在一个实施方式中,由组合物形成红外线阻断层。
在一个实施方式中,分层结构包括所述红外线阻断层。
在一个实施方式中,制品包含所述红外线阻断层。
在一个实施方式中,形成分层结构的方法包括在聚合物基材上设置红外线阻断组合物;和使红外线阻断组合物固化以形成分层结构。
在另一个实施方式中,形成分层结构的方法包括将红外线阻断组合物设置在可移除的基材上;和使红外线阻断组合物固化以形成红外线阻断层;移除红外线阻断层;和将红外线阻断层层压到聚合物基材上以形成分层结构。
通过以下附图和详细描述来举例说明上述和其他特征。
附图说明
现在参考附图,这些附图是示例性实施方式,并且其中相似的要素编号相似。
图1是多层结构的实施方式的说明性实例;
图2是多层结构的实施方式的说明性实例;
图3是实施例5的可见红外范围内的透射和反射光谱数据的图解说明;和
图4是实施例6-实施例13的雾度和IR阻断作为氧化钨铯(CTO)浓度的函数的图解说明。
具体实施方式
太阳能的最大部分被分配给300至2,500纳米(nm)的可见光和近红外波长。穿透塑料窗玻璃并进入内部空间的太阳辐射可以发射为具有5至15微米的波长的长波热辐射。虽然塑料窗玻璃对可见光和近红外波长是透明的,但它们对长波热辐射是不透明的,并且热辐射不能从内部空间向外辐射,由此导致温室效应。为了减少内部空间的热量积聚,应尽量减少穿透塑料窗玻璃窗的太阳能量。令人惊奇地发现,包含聚合物基质和红外线阻断剂的红外线阻断层可导致通过塑料窗玻璃的红外透射降低。红外线阻断层可以阻断红外波长中的大部分光,但能够同时保持高可见光透射。
红外线阻断层包含红外线阻断剂和聚合物基质。红外线阻断剂可以包含氧化铟锡、氧化锑锡、氟氧化锡、氧化钨或包含前述各项中至少一种的组合。
红外线阻断剂可以包含氧化钨。氧化钨可以具有式WyOz,其中z/y可以为2.20至2.99。氧化钨可以具有式MxWyOz,其中x/y可以为0.001至1(例如0.001至1.000),z/y可以为2.2至3.0,并且其中M可以包含H、He、碱金属、碱土金属、稀土金属、Mg、Zr、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ru、Co、Rh、Ir、Ni、Pd、Pt、Cu、Ag、Au、Zn、Cd、Al、Ga、In、Tl、Si、Ge、Sn、Pb、Sb、B、F、P、S、Se、Br、Te、Ti、Nb、V、Mo、Ta、Re、Be、Hf、Os、Bi或包含前述各项中至少一种的组合。具体地,M可以包含H、Cs、Rb、K、Tl、In、Ba、Li、Ca、Sr、Fe、Sn或包含前述各项中至少一种的组合。更具体地,M可以包含Cs。氧化钨可以包含氧化钨钾(如K(WO3)3)、氧化钨铷(如Rb(WO3)3)、氧化钨铯(如Cs(WO3)3)、氧化钨铊(如Tl(WO3)3)或包含前述各项中一种或多种的组合。氧化钨可以包含氧化钨铯。铯与钨的比率可以是0.20至0.33。
红外线阻断剂可以包含规则形状颗粒和不规则形状颗粒中的一种或两种。红外线阻断剂可以包括球形、不规则形、薄片形、晶须形、圆柱形等的颗粒,或包含前述各项中至少一种的组合。红外线阻断剂可以包含平均最大尺寸小于或等于200nm、小于或等于75nm、或5至100nm的颗粒。红外线阻断剂颗粒的90至100wt%、或大于或等于95wt%、或大于或等于99wt%可以具有小于或等于200nm的平均最大尺寸。
红外层聚合物基质可以包含聚氨酯、聚丙烯酸酯或包含前述各项中至少一种的组合。红外层聚合物基质可以包含硅类丙烯酸酯,例如包含聚硅氧烷,如聚二甲基硅氧烷。红外层聚合物基质可以是UV固化的聚合物基质。
红外线阻断层可以包含紫外线吸收剂。紫外线吸收剂的例子包括羟基二苯甲酮类(例如2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮)、羟基苯并三嗪类、氰基丙烯酸酯类、草酰替苯胺类(oxanilides)、苯并恶嗪酮类(例如2,2'-(1,4-亚苯基)双(4H-3,1-苯并恶嗪-4-酮),可以以商品名CYASORB UV-3638商购自Cytec)、水杨酸芳基酯类、羟基苯并三唑类(例如2-(2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(2-羟基-5-叔辛基苯基)苯并三唑和2-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-苯酚,可以以商品名CYASORB 5411商购自Cytec)或包含前述各项中至少一种的组合。紫外线阻断剂可以包含苯并三唑、2-羟基苯基三嗪、苯甲酸酯、羟基二苯甲酮或包含前述各项中至少一种的组合。基于红外线阻断层的总重量,紫外线吸收剂存在的量可以为0.001至10wt%、或5至9wt%,0.01至1wt%、或0.1至0.5wt%、或0.15至0.4wt%。
基于该层的总重量,红外线阻断层可以包含2至40wt%、或5至35wt%、或12至30wt%、或15至28wt%的红外线阻断剂。基于该层的总重量,红外线阻断层可以包含1至20wt%或2至15wt%的红外线阻断剂。
红外线阻断层的厚度可以为1至100微米、或35至75微米、或1至10微米、或小于或等于10微米。例如,如果是通过共挤出方法制备的,那么红外线阻断层的厚度可以为30至100微米。例如,如果是通过涂覆方法制备的,那么红外线阻断层的厚度可以为5至10微米。
例如,如果是通过涂覆方法制备的,那么红外线阻断层可以具有5B粘附力。可以根据ASTM D3002-07测定粘附力,其中5B是最佳粘附力的评级,评级低至最低粘附评级0B。当红外线阻断层是通过共挤出法制备的时,那么红外线阻断层不会出现分层现象。
如根据ISO-9050确定的,红外线阻断层可以具有能够透射20至85%或35至55%可光见的可见光透射率(Tvis)。
如根据ISO-9050确定的,红外线阻断层具有的总太阳能透射率(Tts)可以大于或等于50%、或大于或等于70%、或大于或等于75%、或为50至95%。如根据ISO-9050确定的,红外线阻断层具有的总太阳能透射率可以小于或等于95%、或小于或等于75%、或小于或等于70%、或小于或等于50%、或为40至60%、或为20至50%。
如根据ASTM D-1003-00、程序A、例如使用BYK-Gardner的HAZE-GUARD DUAL、使用积分球(0°/漫反射几何)测量的,红外线阻断层具有的雾度可以小于或等于8%、或小于或等于5%、或小于或等于3%、或小于或等于1%、或为0.01至5%,其中光谱灵敏度符合标准灯D65下的CIE标准光谱值。
红外线阻断层可以具有大于或等于80%、或大于或等于90%、或90至99%的红外线阻断率。IR阻断率等于(总IR透射率(0.42456)减去波长为780到2,500nm的透射率的总和)除以总IR透射率再乘以100。值得注意的是,0.42456的值是来自整体太阳光谱能量的红外部分,该整体太阳光谱能量基于空气质量为1.5的全球太阳辐射(直接+漫射)的归一化相对光谱分布。
多层结构可以包含聚合物基材和红外线阻断层。红外线阻断层可位于聚合物基材的第一表面和第二表面中的一个或两个上。红外线阻断层可以与聚合物基材直接接触。
多层结构可以包括:第一聚合物基材,第一聚合物基材包括设置在第一聚合物基材的至少第一表面上的第一红外线阻断层;第二聚合物基材,该第二聚合物基材包括设置在第一聚合物基材的至少第二表面上的第二红外线阻断层;和位于第一聚合物基材和第二聚合物基材之间的间隙。间隙可以包含气体(如空气或惰性气体)、真空、气凝胶等。
图1和图2是多层结构的实施方式的说明性示例。图1示出了多层结构可以包含聚合物基材10和红外线阻断层20,并进一步示出了红外线阻断层20可位于聚合物基材10的第一表面12上。红外线阻断层20可以与聚合物基材10的第一表面12直接接触。
图2示出了多层结构可以进一步包含第二聚合物基材30和第二红外线阻断层40,其具有位于聚合物基材10和第二聚合物基材30之间的间隙50。红外线阻断层20可以与聚合物基材10的第一表面12直接接触,并且第二红外线阻断层40可以与聚合物基材30的表面直接接触。
聚合物基材可以包含热塑性聚合物。聚合物基材可以包含聚碳酸酯、聚酯(如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)、聚缩醛、聚丙烯酸、聚苯乙烯、聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚芳酯、聚砜、聚醚、聚苯硫醚、聚氯乙烯、聚四氟乙烯、聚醚酮、聚醚醚酮、聚醚酮酮、聚缩醛、聚酐、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯酮、聚卤乙烯、聚乙烯腈、聚乙烯酯、聚磺酸酯、多硫化物、聚硫酯、聚脲、聚磷腈、聚硅氮烷、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、或包含前述各项中至少一种的组合。聚合物基材可以包含聚碳酸酯、聚酯或包含前述各项中至少一种的组合。聚合物基材可以包含聚碳酸酯。
如本文所用的“聚碳酸酯”是指具有式(1)的重复结构碳酸酯单元的聚合物或共聚物,
其中,R1基团总数的至少60%是芳族的,或者每个R1含有至少一个C6-30芳族基团。具体地,每个R1可以衍生自二羟基化合物,如式(2)的芳香族二羟基化合物或式(3)的双酚。
在式(2)中,每个Rh独立地是卤素原子例如溴、C1-10烃基如C1-10烷基、卤素取代的C1-10烷基、C6-10芳基或卤素取代的C6-10芳基,并且n为0至4。
在式(3)中,Ra和Rb各自独立地是卤素、C1-12烷氧基或C1-12烷基,并且p和q各自独立地是0至4的整数,使得当p或q小于4时,环的每个碳的化合价被氢填充。在一个实施方式中,p和q各自为0,或p和q各自为1并且Ra和Rb各自为C1-3烷基,特别是甲基,它们设置在每个亚芳基上与羟基成间位。Xa是连接两个羟基取代的芳族基团的桥连基团,其中桥连基团和每个C6亚芳基的羟基取代基在C6亚芳基上彼此布置成邻位、间位或对位(特别是对位),例如为单链、-O-、-S-、-S(O)-、-S(O)2-、-C(O)-或C1-18有机基团,该有机基团可以是环状或非环状、芳香族或非芳香族的并且还可以包含杂原子如卤素、氧、氮、硫、硅或磷。例如,Xa可以是取代的或未取代的C3-18亚环烷基;式–C(Rc)(Rd)–的C1-25亚烷基,其中Rc和Rd各自独立为氢、C1-12烷基、C1-12环烷基、C7-12芳基烷基、C1-12杂烷基或环状C7-12杂芳基烷基;或式–C(=Re)–的基团,其中Re是二价C1-12烃基。
可以使用的二羟基化合物的一些说明性例子描述于例如WO 2013/175448A1、US2014/0295363和WO 2014/072923中。具体的二羟基化合物包括间苯二酚、2,2-双(4-羟基苯)丙烷(“双酚A”或“BPA”,其中在式(3)中A1和A2中的每一个是对亚苯基且Y1为异亚丙基)、3,3-双(4-羟基苯)苯并吡咯酮、2-苯基-3,3’-双(4-羟基苯)苯并吡咯酮(也称为N-苯酚酚酞双酚、“PPPBP”或3,3-双(4-羟基苯)-2-苯基异吲哚啉-1-酮)、1,1-双(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)环己烷和1,1-双(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-3,3,5-三甲基环己烷(异佛尔酮双酚)。
多层结构可以包含设置在红外线阻断层的与聚合物基材相对的一侧的紫外线阻断层、耐磨层或包含前述各项中至少一种的组合。
紫外线阻断层可以包括硅酮、聚氨酯、丙烯酸树脂、聚酯、环氧树脂或包含前述各项中至少一种的组合。紫外线阻断层可以包含紫外线(UV)吸收分子,如4,6-二苯甲酰间苯二酚(DBR)、羟基苯基三嗪、羟基二苯甲酮、羟基苯基苯并三唑、羟基苯基三嗪、聚芳酰基间苯二酚、2-(3-三乙氧基甲硅烷基丙基)-4,6-二苯甲酰间苯二酚)(SDBR)、氰基丙烯酸酯或包含前述各项中至少一种的组合。UV吸收分子可以帮助保护下面的塑料面板和导电混合物免受暴露在室外环境中引起的降解。UV吸收剂的实例是TINUVINTM 329、TINUVINTM 234、TINUVINTM 350、TINUVINTM 360或UVINOLTM 3030。
紫外线阻断层可以包含金属氧化物(如氧化锆、氧化铝(如Al2O3)、二氧化钛、氧化锌、氧化铁(如Fe2O3)等或包含前述各项中至少一种的组合。
紫外线阻断层可以包含一个同质层或者可以包含多个子层,如底漆层和面漆层。底漆层可有助于将面漆粘附到塑料面板上。底漆层例如可包含丙烯酸类树脂、聚酯、环氧树脂或包含前述各项中至少一种的组合。面漆层可以包含聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚偏二氟乙烯、硅酮(例如硅酮硬涂层)、聚氟乙烯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚氨酯、聚丙烯酸酯(如聚甲基丙烯酸酯)或包含前述各项中至少一种的组合。包含多个子层的紫外线阻断层的具体例子是丙烯酸底漆(SHP401或SHP470,可获自Momentive Performance Materials,Waterford,NY;或SHP-9X,可获自Exatec LLC,Wixom,MI)与硅酮硬涂层(AS4000或AS4700,可获自MomentivePerformance Materials;或SHX,可获自Exatec LLC)的组合。
可以向紫外线阻断层(例如向底漆和面漆中的一者或两者)中加入各种添加剂,如着色剂(色调)、流变控制剂、脱模剂、抗氧化剂和IR吸收或反射颜料等。添加剂的类型和每种添加剂的用量取决于塑料窗玻璃板为满足作为窗户使用的规范和要求所需要的性能。
耐磨层可以包含有机涂层和无机涂层中的一种或两种。有机涂层可以包含氨基甲酸酯、环氧化物、丙烯酸酯(例如,硅酮类丙烯酸酯)或包含前述各项中至少一种的组合。无机涂层可以包含硅酮、氧化铝、氟化钡、氮化硼、氧化铪、氟化镧、氟化镁、氧化镁、氧化钪、一氧化硅、二氧化硅、氮化硅、氮氧化硅、碳氧化硅、碳化硅、氧化钽、氧化钛、氧化锡、氧化铟锡、氧化钇、氧化锌、硒化锌、硫化锌、氧化锆、钛酸锆、玻璃或包含前述各项中至少一种的组合。
耐磨层可以通过反应性物质的沉积来施加,如真空辅助沉积工艺和大气涂覆工艺中使用的那些反应性物质,大气涂覆工艺如用于将溶胶-凝胶涂层施加到基材上的那些工艺。真空辅助沉积工艺的实例包括等离子体增强化学气相沉积、离子辅助等离子体沉积、磁控溅射、电子束蒸发和离子束溅射。耐磨层可以通过真空沉积技术、等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)、膨胀热等离子体PECVD、等离子体聚合、光化学气相沉积、离子束沉积、离子镀沉积、阴极电弧沉积、溅射、蒸发、空心阴极活化沉积、磁控管活化沉积、活化反应性蒸发、热化学气相沉积或溶胶-凝胶涂覆工艺来施加。大气涂覆工艺的例子包括帘式涂覆、喷涂、旋涂、浸涂和流涂,以及包含前述各项中至少一种的组合。可以通过包含前述各项中至少一种的任何技术或组合来施加耐磨层。
用来沉积耐磨层的PECVD工艺的具体类型优选包含膨胀热等离子体反应器。在膨胀热等离子体PECVD工艺中,通过向阴极施加直流(DC)电压产生等离子体,该阴极在惰性气体环境中向相应的阳极板发出电弧。阴极附近的压力通常高于20千帕,例如接近大气压,而阳极附近的压力类似于在等离子体处理室中建立的工艺压力,为2至14帕(Pa)。然后,接近大气压的热等离子体超声膨胀到等离子体处理室中。
用于膨胀热等离子体PECVD工艺的反应试剂可以包含例如八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)、四甲基二硅氧烷(TMDSO)、六甲基二硅氧烷(HMDSO)、乙烯基-D4或另一种挥发性有机硅化合物。通常在氧气和惰性载气如氩气的存在下,有机硅化合物在电弧等离子体沉积设备中被氧化、分解和聚合以形成耐磨层。
多层基材中的一个或多个层可以包含添加剂以改变光学、化学和/或物理性质。一些可能的添加剂包括例如脱模剂、紫外线吸收剂、整平剂、粘合剂、稳定剂(如热稳定剂等)、润滑剂、增塑剂、流变控制添加剂、染料、颜料、着色剂、分散剂、抗静电剂、发泡剂、阻燃剂、抗冲改性剂等,如透明填料(例如二氧化硅、氧化铝等)。可以单独使用或与一种或多种添加剂组合使用上述添加剂。
热稳定剂可以包括亚磷酸酯、亚膦酸酯、膦、受阻胺、羟胺、苯酚、丙烯酰基改性酚、苯并呋喃酮衍生物等,或包含前述各项中至少一种的组合。热稳定剂的例子是IRGAPHOSTM168、DOVERPHOSTM S-9228、ULTRANOXTM 641。
红外线阻断层可以由红外线阻断组合物形成。红外线阻断组合物可以包含可固化预聚物和红外线阻断剂。红外线阻断组合物可以包含可固化预聚物、红外线阻断剂和溶剂。
基于可固化预聚物和红外线阻断剂的总重量,红外线阻断组合物可以包含60至95wt%、或75至95wt%、或70至88wt%、或62至75wt%、或60至98wt%的可固化预聚物。基于可固化预聚物和红外线阻断剂的总重量,红外线阻断组合物可以包含2至40wt%、或5至35wt%、或12至30wt%、或15至28wt%、或5至40wt%的红外线阻断剂。
可以通过混合预聚物溶液和红外线阻断溶液来制备红外线阻断组合物,预聚物溶液基于该预聚物溶液的总重量包含30至95wt%的预聚物,红外线阻断溶液基于该红外线阻断溶液的总重量包含10至95wt%的红外线阻断剂。基于红外线阻断组合物的总重量,红外线阻断组合物可以包含10至90wt%的预聚物溶液和10至90wt%的红外线阻断溶液。
红外线组合物溶剂可以包含丙二醇单醚、异丙醇、丙二醇单甲醚、丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯等,或包含前述各项中至少一种的组合。
多层结构可以通过以下方式形成:将红外线阻断组合物设置在聚合物基材上;和使红外线阻断组合物固化以形成分层结构。设置可以包含涂覆(如棒涂、层压或挤出)。
多层结构可以通过以下方式形成:将红外线阻断组合物设置在可移除的基材上;和使红外线阻断组合物固化以形成红外线阻断层;移除红外线阻断层;和将红外线阻断层层压到聚合物基材上以形成分层结构。
多层结构可以通过挤出红外线阻断组合物和聚合物基材来形成。在挤出之后,多层片材可以例如在辊磨机或辊堆叠中层压。挤出可以包括在单螺杆或双螺杆挤出机中挤出。挤出可以包括将红外线阻断剂添加到作为母粒的聚合物基质中,并且挤出红外线阻断组合物以在聚合物基材上形成红外线阻断层。
制品可以包含多层结构。制品可以是窗户。窗户可以是车窗或建筑物(如办公楼、学校、商店、温室、住宅楼等)中的窗户。制品可以是照明结构,如例如在车辆中使用的前照灯。车辆可以是汽车、卡车、船、火车、公共汽车、飞机等。制品可以是窗玻璃。
提供以下实施例来说明红外线阻断组合物。这些实施例仅仅是说明性的,并非旨在将根据本发明制造的装置限制于其中的材料、条件或工艺参数。
实施例
根据ASTM D3002-07进行粘附力测试,其中5B是最佳粘附力的评级,评级低至最低粘附评级0B。
根据ISO-9050确定可见光透射率(Tvis)和总太阳能透射率(Tts)。
根据ASTM D-1003-00、程序A、例如使用BYK-Gardner的HAZE-GUARD DUAL、使用积分球(0°/漫反射几何)测量雾度,其中光谱灵敏度符合标准灯D65下的CIE标准光谱值。
根据ASTM D1003-00、程度B、使用Macbeth 7000A光谱仪、D65光源、10°观察者、CIE(国际照明委员会)(1931)、和SCI(包括镜面反射分量)和UVEXC(即,排除UV分量)确定颜色。
IR阻断率等于(总IR透射率(0.42456)减去波长为780到2,500nm的透射率的总和)除以总IR透射率再乘以100。
实施例1-实施例13:红外线阻断层的制备
通过将包含45wt%固体的UVHC5000的聚合物溶液(可从Momentive Co.商购)与20wt%CTO分散液混合,制备了五种红外线阻断组合物。将红外线阻断组合物棒涂在0.5mm厚的聚碳酸酯片材上,在80摄氏度(℃)下加热30分钟,并且在环境条件下使用Fusion UV型号F300S-6处理器使用H灯,300W/in,以5m/min进行UV固化。聚碳酸酯片材的雾度为0.1%,可见光透射率为90%,并且总太阳能透射率为86%。
测量了实施例2、实施例3和实施例5的红外线阻断层的粘附力、雾度、总太阳能透射率和可见光透射率并且示于表1中。测量了实施例5的红外线阻断层在可见IR范围内的透射(虚线)和反射(实线)光谱数据,并且结果示于图3中。
表1显示,红外线阻断层与聚碳酸酯片材具有良好的粘附力,并且它们具有良好的透明度和低雾度。表1进一步显示,即使对于可见光透射率降低至76%并且总太阳能透射率降低至56%的实施例5,仍然接近一半的太阳辐射能量被红外线阻断层有效阻断。
使用与实施例1-实施例5相同的涂覆方法制备了另外八个红外线阻断层。结果显示在表2中,并且图4中示出了作为CTO浓度的函数的雾度和IR阻断率。
表2和图4显示,实施例9、实施例10和实施例11均能够实现小于或等于5%的雾度和大于或等于80%的IR阻断率。
实施例14-实施例16:聚合物基质的影响
使用与实施例1-实施例5相同的涂覆方法制备了三个红外线阻断层,不同之处在于改变了可固化预聚物。实施例14的可固化预聚物是UV可固化硅酮类涂料UVHC5000,实施例15的可固化预聚物是热可固化丙烯酸酯D1457,并且实施例16的可固化预聚物是UV可固化丙烯酸酯DM353L,全部可从Momentive商购。实施例14和实施例16包括溶剂丙二醇单甲醚(PGME)。
表3显示,与相同CTO负载下的实施例15和实施例16的雾度相比,实施例14具有仅4.9%的显著更低的雾度。
以下列出了本发明的组合物、由其形成的层、包含层的分层结构以及形成方法的实施方式。
实施方式1:一种红外线阻断组合物,包含:基于可固化预聚物和红外线阻断剂的总重量,60至95wt%或60至98wt%的可固化预聚物;基于可固化预聚物和红外线阻断剂的总重量,2至40wt%或5至40wt%的红外线阻断剂;其中红外线阻断剂包含氧化铟锡、氧化锑锡、氟氧化锡、氧化钨或包含前述各项中至少一种的组合。
实施方式2:实施方式1的组合物,其中红外线阻断剂包含氧化钨;并且其中氧化钨包含氧化钨钾(K(WO3)3)、氧化钨铷(Rb(WO3)3)、氧化钨铯(Cs(WO3)3)、氧化钨铊(Tl(WO3)3)或包含前述各项中一种或多种的组合,优选地,氧化钨包含氧化钨铯。
实施方式3:前述实施方式中任一项的组合物,进一步包含紫外线阻断剂。
实施方式4:实施方式3的组合物,其中紫外线阻断剂包含苯并三唑、2-羟基苯基三嗪、苯甲酸酯、羟基二苯甲酮或包含前述各项中至少一种的组合。
实施方式5:前述实施方式中任一项的组合物,进一步包含粘合剂、整平剂、稳定剂或包含前述各项中至少一种的组合。
实施方式6:前述实施方式中任一项的组合物,其中可固化预聚物包含聚硅氧烷预聚物、聚氨酯预聚物、聚丙烯酸酯预聚物或包含前述各项中一种或多种的组合。
实施方式7:一种由前述实施方式中任一项的组合物形成的红外线阻断层。
实施方式8:实施方式7的层,其中红外线阻断层根据ASTM D3002-07确定为5B粘附力。
实施方式9:实施方式7-8中任一项的层,其中红外线阻断层的雾度为小于或等于8%、或小于或等于3%、或小于或等于1%;其中雾度是根据ASTM D-1003-00、程序A、例如使用BYK-Gardner的HAZE-GUARD DUAL、使用积分球(0°/漫反射几何)测量的,其中光谱灵敏度符合标准灯D65下的CIE标准光谱值。
实施方式10:实施方式7-9中任一项的层,其中红外线阻断层具有大于或等于75%的可见光透射率。
实施方式11:实施方式7-10中任一项的层,其中红外线阻断层具有小于或等于75%的总太阳能透射率。
实施方式12:实施方式7-11中任一项的层,其中红外线阻断层包含基于该层的总重量的5至35wt%的红外线阻断剂。
实施方式13:实施方式7-12中任一项的层,其中红外线阻断层的厚度为1至100微米、或35至75微米、或1至10微米。
实施方式14:一种分层结构,其包含:聚合物基材;和设置在该聚合物基材的至少一个表面上的实施方式7-13中任一项的红外线阻断层。
实施方式15:实施方式14的分层结构,其中分层结构包括第一聚合物基材,该第一聚合物基材包含设置在第一聚合物基材的至少第一表面上的第一红外线阻断层;第二聚合物基材,该第二聚合物基材包含设置在第一聚合物基材的至少第二表面上的第二红外线阻断层;和位于第一聚合物基材和第二聚合物基材之间的间隙。
实施方式16:实施方式14-15中任一项的分层结构,其中聚合物基材包含聚碳酸酯。
实施方式17:实施方式14-16中任一项的分层结构,其中红外线阻断层包含聚硅氧烷、聚氨酯、聚丙烯酸酯或包含前述各项中一种或多种的组合。
实施方式18:实施方式14-17中任一项的分层结构,进一步包含紫外线阻断层、耐磨层或包含前述各项中至少一种的组合,其设置在红外线阻断层的与聚合物基材相对的一侧。
实施方式19:一种包含实施方式14-18中任一项的分层结构的制品。
实施方式20:实施方式19的制品,其中制品是窗户。
实施方式21:一种形成实施方式14-18中任一项的分层结构的方法包括:将红外线阻断组合物设置在聚合物基材上;和使红外线阻断组合物固化以形成分层结构。
实施方式22:一种形成实施方式14-18中任一项的分层结构的方法包括:将红外红阻断组合物设置在可移除的基材上;和使红外线阻断组合物固化以形成红外线阻断层;移除红外线阻断层;和将红外线阻断层层压到聚合物基材上以形成分层结构。
实施方式23:实施方式21-22中任一项的方法,进一步包含沉积耐磨层,其中沉积包括等离子体增强化学气相沉积工艺。
术语“一个(a)”和“一种(an)”不表示数量的限制,而是表示存在至少一个所引用的项目。除非上下文另有明确说明,否则术语“或”表示“和/或”。在整个说明书中提及“一个实施方式”、“另一实施方式”、“一些实施方式”等,是指结构实施方式的特定元素(例如特征、结构、步骤或特性)被包括在至少一个本文所描述的实施方式中,并且可以或可以不存在于其它实施方式中。另外,应理解的是,所描述的元素可以在各种实施方式中以任何合适的方式组合。“任选的”或“任选地”表示随后描述的事件或情况可能或可能不发生,并且该描述包括事件发生的情况和事件不发生的情况。本文使用的术语“第一”、“第二”等等,“主要”、“次要”等不表示任何顺序、数量或重要性,而是用于区分一个元素与另一个元素。除非另有说明,否则本文使用的术语“前”、“后”、“底部”和/或“顶部”仅仅是为了便于描述,并且不限于任何一个位置或空间方向。术语“组合”包括共混物、混合物、合金、反应产物等。针对相同组分或属性的所有范围的端点包括该端点、可独立组合并包括所有中间点,例如范围“至多25wt%、或5至20wt%”包括范围“5至25wt%”的端点和所有中间值,如10至23wt%等。
通常,组合物、方法和制品可以替代地包含本文公开的任何成分、步骤或组分,由本文公开的任何成分、步骤或组分组成或基本上由本文公开的任何成分、步骤或组分组成。组合物、方法和制品可另外或替代地经配制、实施或制造,以缺乏或基本上不含不是实现本发明权利要求的功能或目标所必需的任何成分、步骤或组分。
除非本文另有相反说明,否则所有测试标准均为截止本申请提交日期时有效的最新标准,或者如果要求优先权,则为最早优先权申请的提交日期出现的测试标准。除非另外定义,否则本文使用的技术和科学术语具有与本公开所属领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同的含义。
所有引用的专利、专利申请和其它参考文献都通过引用以其全部内容结合与此。然而,如果本申请中的术语与并入的参考文献中的术语相矛盾或者冲突,则来自本申请的术语优先于来自所并入参考文献的冲突术语。
虽然已经描述了特定实施方式,但是申请人或本领域其他技术人员可能会想到目前未预料到或可能未预料到的替代、修改、变化、改进和实质等同物。因此,所提交的和可能修改的所附权利要求旨在涵盖所有这些替代、修改、变化、改进和实质等同物。
Claims (20)
1.一种红外线阻断组合物,包含:
基于可固化预聚物和红外线阻断剂的总重量,60至98wt%的所述可固化预聚物;
基于可固化预聚物和红外线阻断剂的总重量,2至40wt%的所述红外线阻断剂;其中所述红外线阻断剂包含氧化铟锡、氧化锑锡、氟氧化锡、氧化钨或包含前述各项中至少一种的组合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述红外线阻断剂包含所述氧化钨;并且其中所述氧化钨包含氧化钨钾(K(WO3)3)、氧化钨铷(Rb(WO3)3)、氧化钨铯(Cs(WO3)3)、氧化钨铊(Tl(WO3)3)或包含前述各项中一种或多种的组合,优选地,所述氧化钨包含氧化钨铯。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,进一步包含紫外线阻断剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的组合物,其中,所述紫外线阻断剂包含苯并三唑、2-羟基苯基三嗪、苯甲酸酯、羟基二苯甲酮或包含前述各项中至少一种的组合。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,进一步包含粘合剂、整平剂、稳定剂或包含前述各项中至少一种的组合。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中,所述可固化预聚物包含聚硅氧烷预聚物、聚氨酯预聚物、聚丙烯酸酯预聚物或包含前述各项中一种或多种的组合。
7.一种由前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物形成的红外线阻断层。
8.根据权利要求7所述的层,其中,所述红外线阻断层具有以下各项中的一个或多个:根据ASTM D3002-07确定的5B粘附力,小于或等于8%的雾度,大于或等于75%的可见光透射率,和小于或等于75%的总太阳能透射率;
其中所述雾度是根据ASTM D-1003-00、程序A、例如使用BYK-Gardner的HAZE-GUARDDUAL、使用积分球(0°/漫反射几何)测量的,其中光谱灵敏度符合标准灯D65下的CIE标准光谱值。
9.根据权利要求8所述的层,其中,所述雾度是小于或等于8%、或小于或等于3%、或小于或等于1%。
10.根据权利要求7至9中任一项所述的层,其中,基于所述红外线阻断层的总重量,所述红外线阻断层包含5至35wt%的所述红外线阻断剂。
11.根据权利要求7至10中任一项所述的层,其中,所述红外线阻断层的厚度为1至100微米、或35至75微米、或1至10微米。
12.一种分层结构,包含:
聚合物基材;和
设置在所述聚合物基材的至少一个表面上的权利要求7至11中任一项所述的红外线阻断层。
13.根据权利要求12所述的分层结构,其中,所述分层结构包括:
第一聚合物基材,包含设置在所述第一聚合物基材的至少第一表面上的第一红外线阻断层;
第二聚合物基材,包含设置在所述第一聚合物基材的至少第二表面上的第二红外线阻断层;和
位于所述第一聚合物基材和所述第二聚合物基材之间的间隙。
14.根据权利要求12至13中任一项所述的分层结构,其中,所述聚合物基材包含聚碳酸酯。
15.根据权利要求12至14中任一项所述的分层结构,其中,所述红外线阻断层包含聚硅氧烷、聚氨酯、聚丙烯酸酯或包含前述各项中一种或多种的组合。
16.根据权利要求12至15中任一项所述的分层结构,进一步包含设置在所述红外线阻断层的与所述聚合物基材相对的一侧的紫外线阻断层、耐磨层或包含前述各项中至少一种的组合。
17.一种包含权利要求12至16中任一项所述的分层结构的制品。
18.根据权利要求17所述的制品,其中,所述制品是窗户。
19.一种形成权利要求12至16中任一项所述的分层结构的方法,包括:
将红外线阻断组合物设置在聚合物基材上;和
固化所述红外线阻断组合物以形成分层结构。
20.一种形成权利要求12至16中任一项所述的分层结构的方法,包括:
将红外线阻断组合物设置在可移除的基材上;
并且固化所述红外线阻断组合物以形成红外线阻断层;
移除所述红外线阻断层;和
将所述红外线阻断层层压到所述聚合物基材上以形成分层结构。
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US201662350346P | 2016-06-15 | 2016-06-15 | |
US62/350,346 | 2016-06-15 | ||
PCT/IB2017/053334 WO2017216681A1 (en) | 2016-06-15 | 2017-06-06 | Infrared blocking composition, methods of forming, and the infrared layer formed therefrom |
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EP (1) | EP3472235A1 (zh) |
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