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CN109065869A - A method of preparing anode active material of lithium ion battery - Google Patents

A method of preparing anode active material of lithium ion battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109065869A
CN109065869A CN201810894853.2A CN201810894853A CN109065869A CN 109065869 A CN109065869 A CN 109065869A CN 201810894853 A CN201810894853 A CN 201810894853A CN 109065869 A CN109065869 A CN 109065869A
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lithium ion
ion battery
active material
anode active
solution
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Inventor
黄家奇
汤依伟
梁卫春
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Qingyuan New Materials Research Institute Co Ltd
Guangdong Jiana Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Qingyuan New Materials Research Institute Co Ltd
Guangdong Jiana Energy Technology Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362Composites
    • H01M4/366Composites as layered products
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624Electric conductive fillers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

Method of the invention carries out coprecipitation reaction using the solution for sequentially adding different proportion ion solubility, obtains ternary material precursor, and ternary material precursor is coated with Li-Al, produces anode active material of lithium ion battery.The anode active material of lithium ion battery that method of the invention is produced shows higher high rate performance (20C specific discharge capacity is 108.1mAhg-1), circulation conservation rate (it is 96.8% that 0.5C, which recycles 200 capacity retention ratios) and fast charging and discharging performance (20C/20C specific discharge capacity is 85.4mAhg-1).It can be seen that method of the invention can effectively improve the chemical property that coprecipitation prepares ternary cathode material of lithium ion battery.

Description

A method of preparing anode active material of lithium ion battery
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lithium ion battery more particularly to a kind of sides for preparing anode active material of lithium ion battery Method.
Background technique
With the development of the technologies such as mancarried electronic aid, new-energy automobile and power grid energy storage, need to develop high-energy density, High rate capability, long circulation life, environmental-friendly lithium ion battery electrode material.With α-NaFeO2The ternary of layer structure Positive electrode LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2The advantages that due to its higher specific capacity, good cycle performance and lower price and by Research extensively, it is considered to be substitution LiCoO2One of potential material.LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2Synthetic method mainly have Solid phase method, coprecipitation, sol-gel method etc. [7-9].Hydroxide coprecipitation step is one of currently used method, uses this The spherical LiNi that method is prepared1-x-yCoxMnyO2Tap density and cobalt acid lithium are close, and atom level level may be implemented in nickel cobalt manganese element Mixing, pattern is easily controllable, and have good chemical property [10].However, LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2Material, especially It is nickelic ternary material, there are still certain disadvantages, such as surface Ni content height to make that pair occurs between electrode material and electrolyte Reaction, causes its cycle performance poor.Its intrinsic two-dimensional channel is unfavorable for the diffusion mobility of lithium ion, so that its multiplying power Performance is poor etc..(SUN Y K, LEE B R, NOH H J, the et al.A novel concentration-gradient such as Sun Li[Ni0.83Co0.07Mn0.10]O2 cathode material for high-energy lithium batteries [J] .J.Mater.Chem., 2011,21 (27): 10108-10112.) hydroxide coprecipitation technology is utilized, using concentration ladder Feeding manner is spent, the high performance spherical ternary cathode material LiNi0.83Co0.07Mn0.1O2 with core-shell structure, institute are synthesized For the material of synthesis under 55 DEG C of hot conditions, 0.2C, 2.8~4.3V discharge for the first time reaches 213mAhg-1, recycles 50 times Capacity only loses 7.9%;Under conditions of 25 DEG C, 2.8~4.3V, the capacity ratio of 5C/0.2C is up to 81.3%, shows excellent Different circulation, high rate performance and high-temperature behavior.But its synthesis process not only needs the proportion of each reactive component, solution The technological parameters such as pH, reaction time, and need accurately to control the feed rate of two strands of materials of low nickel solution and high nickel solution, from And it is distributed precursor Ni and the Mn element of synthesis with continuous concentration gradient, this preparation process difficulty is relatively large.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of forthright with higher times The method that can, recycle the anode active material of lithium ion battery of conservation rate and fast charging and discharging performance.
In order to solve the above technical problems, technical solution proposed by the present invention are as follows: a kind of to prepare lithium ion cell positive activity The method of material, it is characterised in that: 1) weigh nickel according to stoichiometric ratio Ni:Co:Mn=6:2:3,5:2:3 and 4:2:4 respectively Salt, cobalt salt and manganese salt;It is 2molL that deionized water, which is added, and prepares total concentration-1Salting liquid, be respectively labeled as solution I, solution II And solution III;
2) by the solution I of equivalent, solution II and solution III point three steps successively with NaOH and NH3·H2O is being continuously stirred Coprecipitation reaction is carried out in reaction vessel, 10h is aged after successive reaction 12h, whole process is under the atmosphere protection of inert gas It carries out;
3) sediment is obtained by filtration in the reaction product of step 2), and is washed with deionized to filtrate and is in neutrality;
4) it is dried in heated-air circulation oven by 10-12h, obtains ternary material precursor.
The chemical formula of ternary material precursor is LiNi in the present invention0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2。LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2Material Not only have the advantages that nickel, cobalt and manganese systems layered cathode material that general ternary material is had both, and due to its suitable nickel, The composition ratio of cobalt, manganese is effectively reduced the lithium nickel mixing journey of (such as LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2) in nickelic system's ternary material The generation of side reaction under degree and high voltage;Nickel material low compared to LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 etc., higher specific capacity is more Easily meet the requirement to battery energy density such as modern electronic equipment, electric car.
5) spherical cladding, 1. by 1molL-1Ammonium hydroxide be placed in 85-90 DEG C of water-bath after persistently stir;
2. being slowly dropped into Al (NO) in the ammonia spirit of step 1.3Solution generates precipitating;
3. 2. step reacts 1-2h after, 1molL is added thereto-1Nitric acid so that precipitating hydrolysis peptization, continue to stir It mixes, aging 15-20h, obtained AlOOH colloidal sol;
4. take step 4) prepare ternary material precursor, solid-to-liquid ratio 40-60g/L, be put into step 3. in colloidal sol In, continue agitating and heating, evaporation drying;
6) dry sediment and Li obtained step 5)2CO3It is uniformly laggard according to stoichiometric ratio 2:1.1 mixed grinding Row sintering.
The above-mentioned method for preparing anode active material of lithium ion battery, it is preferred that the reaction condition in step 2) is PH =10.5 ± 0.02, temperature is 60 DEG C;The inert gas used is N2
The above-mentioned method for preparing anode active material of lithium ion battery, it is preferred that three steps of the sintering of the step 6) point It carries out, 1. according to 4 DEG C of min of heating rate-1It is warming up to 400-420 DEG C of isothermal holding 3h;2. then according to 2 DEG C of heating rate min-1It is warming up to 580-600 DEG C, keeps the temperature 3h;3. according to 1 DEG C of min of heating rate-1900 DEG C of heat preservation 15h are warming up to, are produced Product.Clad in the present invention is by Li2O and Al2O3It collectively constitutes, this addresses the problem traditional Al2O3Clad lithium ion The problem of transporting decline, increase lithium ion transfer impedance;Clad is also that a kind of the excellent of lithium ion is led in the present invention simultaneously Body.After coating to ternary material, the first circle capacity and coulombic efficiency of material at normal temperature can be improved, and under low temperature Capacity and high rate performance can also be significantly improved.
The above-mentioned method for preparing anode active material of lithium ion battery, it is preferred that the nickel salt is nickel nitrate, chlorination At least one of nickel, nickel acetate, nickel sulfate;The manganese salt be manganese nitrate, manganese chloride, manganese acetate, in manganese sulfate at least It is a kind of;The cobalt salt is at least one of cobalt nitrate, cobalt chloride, cobalt acetate, cobaltous sulfate.
The above-mentioned method for preparing anode active material of lithium ion battery, it is preferred that the concentration of NaOH in the step 2) For 6molL-1, NH3·H2The concentration of O is 3molL-1
Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: the lithium ion cell positive that method of the invention is produced Active material shows higher high rate performance, and (20C specific discharge capacity is 108.1mAhg-1), (0.5C is followed circulation conservation rate 96.8%) and fast charging and discharging performance 200 capacity retention ratios of ring are (20C/20C specific discharge capacity is 85.4mAhg-1). It can be seen that method of the invention can effectively improve the electrification that coprecipitation prepares ternary cathode material of lithium ion battery Learn performance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 embodiment 1 and comparative example 1LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2The XRD spectra of positive electrode.
Fig. 2 is the FESEM photo of the ternary material precursor of embodiment 1 and comparative example 1.
Specific embodiment
To facilitate the understanding of the present invention, present invention work more comprehensively, is meticulously described below in conjunction with preferred embodiment, But the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments.
It should be strongly noted that when to be described as " be fixed on, be fixed in, be connected to or be connected to " another for a certain element When on element, it can be directly fixed, affixed, connection or is connected on another element, be also possible to by connecting among other Fitting is indirectly fixed, affixed, connects or is connected on another element.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used hereinafter and the normally understood meaning of those skilled in the art It is identical.Technical term used herein is intended merely to the purpose of description specific embodiment, is not intended to the limitation present invention Protection scope.
Embodiment 1
A method of prepare anode active material of lithium ion battery, 1) respectively according to stoichiometric ratio Ni:Co:Mn=6: 2:3,5:2:3 and 4:2:4 weigh NiSO4·6H2O、CoSO4·7H2O and MnSO4·H2O is added deionized water and prepares total concentration For 2molL-1Salting liquid, be respectively labeled as solution I, solution II and solution III;
2) by the solution I of equivalent, solution II and solution III point three steps successively with 6molL-1NaOH and 3molL-1 NH3·H2O carries out coprecipitation reaction in the reaction vessel continuously stirred, and 10h is aged after successive reaction 12h, and whole process exists N2Atmosphere protection it is lower carry out, PH=10.5 ± 0.02 of reaction, temperature are 60 DEG C;
3) sediment is obtained by filtration in the reaction product of step 2), and is washed with deionized to filtrate and is in neutrality;
4) it is dried in heated-air circulation oven by 10-12h, obtains ternary material precursor;
5) spherical cladding, 1. by 1molL-1Ammonium hydroxide be placed in 90 DEG C of water-bath after persistently stir;
2. being slowly dropped into Al (NO) in the ammonia spirit of step 1.3Solution generates precipitating;
3. 2. step reacts 2h after, 1molL is added thereto-1Nitric acid so that precipitating hydrolysis peptization, continue stirring, Aging 15-20h, obtained AlOOH colloidal sol;
4. take step 4) prepare ternary material precursor, solid-to-liquid ratio 45g/L, be put into step 3. in colloidal sol in, Continue agitating and heating, evaporation drying;
6) dry sediment and Li obtained step 5)2CO3It is uniformly laggard according to stoichiometric ratio 2:1.1 mixed grinding Row sintering;Sintering is carried out in three steps, 1. according to 4 DEG C of min of heating rate-1It is warming up to 400-420 DEG C of isothermal holding 3h;2. then According to 2 DEG C of min of heating rate-1It is warming up to 580-600 DEG C, keeps the temperature 3h;3. according to 1 DEG C of min of heating rate-1It is warming up to 900 DEG C heat preservation 15h, obtain product.
In order to detect the unit for electrical property parameters of positive electrode active materials manufactured in the present embodiment, therefore by the positive-active of the present embodiment Material is prepared into positive plate, and the specific method is as follows: the LiNi that the Li-Al of preparation is coated0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2Positive electrode difference It is mixed with conductive agent acetylene black, adhesive PVDF (Kynoar) according to mass ratio 8:1:1, with NMP (1- methyl -2- pyrroles Alkanone) this mixture is modulated into slurry, it is equably coated in aluminum foil current collector, in 100 DEG C of vacuum drying 12h, is made real Electrical verification pond positive plate.
Comparative example 1
The stoichiometrically NiSO of Ni:Co:Mn=5:2:34·6H2O、CoSO4·7H2O and MnSO4·H2O prepares molten Liquid, with 6molL-1NaOH, 3molL-1NH3·H2O is added in the reactor continuously stirred by metering pump carries out respectively Coprecipitation reaction is co-precipitated identical process conditions and operating process using with above-mentioned classification, with the preparation of level-one feeding manner LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2Sample.
In order to detect the unit for electrical property parameters of positive electrode active materials manufactured in the present embodiment, therefore by the positive-active of the present embodiment Material is prepared into positive plate, and the specific method is as follows: the LiNi that the Li-Al of preparation is coated0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2Positive electrode difference It is mixed with conductive agent acetylene black, adhesive PVDF (Kynoar) according to mass ratio 8:1:1, with NMP (1- methyl -2- pyrroles Alkanone) this mixture is modulated into slurry, it is equably coated in aluminum foil current collector, in 100 DEG C of vacuum drying 12h, is made real Electrical verification pond positive plate.
Fig. 1 is embodiment 1 and comparative example 1LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2The XRD spectra of positive electrode, it can be seen that real Apply the LiNi of example 1 and comparative example 10.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2Positive electrode has the layer structure similar with LiCoO2, and lithium ion accounts for According to the position 3a, transition metal ions (Ni, Co, Mn) occupies the position 3b, and oxygen atom occupies the position 6c.Fig. 1 shows two kinds of charging sides The obtained LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 material of formula is all the α-NaFeO2 structure of stratiform, belongs to R3_m space group.(006)/ (102) peak, (108)/(110) peak divide obvious and occur without impurity peaks, show that material has good layer structure, crystallization Well, each peak value meets hexagonal crystal system feature.It (103) is characterize material lithium nickel mixing degree one with the intensity ratio at (104) peak A key parameter shows that material lithium nickel mixing is more serious when (003)/(104) value < 1.2.(003) of embodiment 1 and comparison 1/ (104) value is respectively 1.48 and 1.44.
Fig. 2 is the FESEM photo of the ternary material precursor of embodiment 1 and comparative example 1, has figure can be seen that prepared Precursor spherical second particle is assembled by sheet primary particle, second particle partial size is at 8 μm or so, distribution uniform, without bright Aobvious agglomeration.Mutually support forms more micropore between sheet primary particle, this is lithium ion during subsequent calcination Diffusion provide easy access, improve the diffusion uniformity of lithium ion in the material.
The anode active material of lithium ion battery that the method for embodiment 1 is produced shows higher high rate performance (20C Specific discharge capacity is 108.1mAhg-1), circulation conservation rate (it is 96.8% that 0.5C, which recycles 200 capacity retention ratios) and quick Charge-discharge performance (20C/20C specific discharge capacity is 85.4mAhg-1).
And the anode active material of lithium ion battery that the method for comparative example 1 is produced shows higher high rate performance (20C Specific discharge capacity is 85.2mAhg-1), circulation conservation rate (it is 93.8% that 0.5C, which recycles 200 capacity retention ratios) and quickly fill Discharge performance (20C/20C specific discharge capacity is 80.5mAhg-1).It can be seen that the method for embodiment 1 can be mentioned effectively High coprecipitation prepares the chemical property of ternary cathode material of lithium ion battery.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of method for preparing anode active material of lithium ion battery, it is characterised in that: 1) respectively according to stoichiometric ratio Ni: Co:Mn=6:2:3,5:2:3 and 4:2:4 weigh nickel salt, cobalt salt and manganese salt;It is 2molL that deionized water, which is added, and prepares total concentration-1 Salting liquid, be respectively labeled as solution I, solution II and solution III;
2) by the solution I of equivalent, solution II and solution III point three steps successively with NaOH and NH3·H2O is in the reaction continuously stirred Coprecipitation reaction is carried out in container, 10h is aged after successive reaction 12h, and whole process carries out under the atmosphere protection of inert gas;
3) sediment is obtained by filtration in the reaction product of step 2), and is washed with deionized to filtrate and is in neutrality;
4) it is dried in heated-air circulation oven by 10-12h, obtains ternary material precursor;
5) spherical cladding, 1. by 1molL-1Ammonium hydroxide be placed in 85-90 DEG C of water-bath after persistently stir;
2. being slowly dropped into Al (NO) in the ammonia spirit of step 1.3Solution generates precipitating;
3. 2. step reacts 1-2h after, 1molL is added thereto-1Nitric acid continue stirring, old so that precipitating hydrolysis peptization Change 15-20h, obtained AlOOH colloidal sol;
4. take step 4) prepare ternary material precursor, solid-to-liquid ratio 40-60g/L, be put into step 3. in colloidal sol in, hold Continuous agitating and heating, evaporation drying;
6) dry sediment and Li obtained step 5)2CO3According to stoichiometric ratio 2:1.1 mixed grinding it is uniform after burnt Knot.
2. the method according to claim 1 for preparing anode active material of lithium ion battery, it is characterised in that: in step 2) Reaction condition be PH=10.5 ± 0.02, temperature be 60 DEG C;The inert gas used is N2
3. the method according to claim 1 for preparing anode active material of lithium ion battery, it is characterised in that: the step 6) sintering is carried out in three steps, 1. according to 4 DEG C of min of heating rate-1It is warming up to 400-420 DEG C of isothermal holding 3h;2. then pressing According to 2 DEG C of min of heating rate-1It is warming up to 580-600 DEG C, keeps the temperature 3h;3. according to 1 DEG C of min of heating rate-1It is warming up to 900 DEG C 15h is kept the temperature, product is obtained.
4. the method according to claim 1 for preparing anode active material of lithium ion battery, it is characterised in that: the nickel salt For at least one of nickel nitrate, nickel chloride, nickel acetate, nickel sulfate;The manganese salt is manganese nitrate, manganese chloride, manganese acetate, sulphur At least one of sour manganese;The cobalt salt is at least one of cobalt nitrate, cobalt chloride, cobalt acetate, cobaltous sulfate.
5. the method according to claim 1 for preparing anode active material of lithium ion battery, it is characterised in that: the step 2) concentration of NaOH is 6molL in-1, NH3·H2The concentration of O is 3molL-1
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114014378A (en) * 2021-10-22 2022-02-08 陕西红马科技有限公司 A method for preparing amorphous single crystal cathode material using a supermixed flow reactor
CN114014378B (en) * 2021-10-22 2023-07-28 陕西红马科技有限公司 Method for preparing amorphous single crystal positive electrode material by using super mixed flow reactor

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Application publication date: 20181221