CN109061000A - 一种衍生化处理植物油脂的混合液及其衍生化方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种衍生化处理植物油脂的混合液及其衍生化方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及植物油脂检测方法领域,具体的是一种衍生化处理植物油脂的混合液及其衍生化方法和用于快速测定脂肪酸的应用。混合液为硫酸甲醇溶液、正己烷和无水硫酸钠;所述混合液按体积质量比为5‑10:1‑3:1(ml/ml/g)。采用本发明混合液可快速获得植物油脂衍生化产物,根据其衍生化产物的色谱保留时间和目标峰面积,采用化学计量学中不同计算模式与方法能够实现植物油脂中脂肪酸含量的测定。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及植物油脂检测方法领域,具体的是一种衍生化处理植物油脂的混合液及其衍生化方法和用于快速测定脂肪酸的应用。
背景技术
植物油脂是指从植物种子、果肉及其它部分提取所得的脂肪,常见的植物油脂包括豆油、花生油、菜籽油、芝麻油、玉米油等。脂肪酸是油脂的最基本组成部分,植物油脂中的脂肪酸主要分为饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸。脂肪酸在生命过程中具有非常重要的作用,对健康有很大影响。有些脂肪酸是人体生长发育所必需的,如n-3族多不饱和脂肪酸具有改善免疫性疾病、抑制炎症、抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、降低总甘油三酯水平、降低胆固醇、降血脂,还有改善脑功能、开发婴儿智力、抗衰老以及维持脑的高级功能等作用;n-6族多不饱和脂肪酸可促进婴儿生长发育、抑制细胞免疫反应,其中共轭亚油酸能抑制癌症,改善脂质代谢,降低血糖,预防动脉硬化,减少体脂肪,增强免疫功能,促进啮齿类动物骨的形成。但是,有些脂肪酸会危害人体健康,如反式脂肪酸,反式脂肪酸对婴儿生长发育具有一定的抑制作用,促发心血管疾病、增加动脉硬化、心肌梗塞、冠心病的危险。因此,脂肪酸组成是衡量植物油脂营养价值的重要指标,然而植物油脂种类多样,植物油脂中脂肪酸组成和含量的快速准确分析成为关注焦点与技术难题。
目前已经建立了多种技术方法对植物油脂中脂肪酸进行检测分析,包括①气相色谱法,植物油脂样品通过酸处理法、碱处理法、三氟化硼(BF3)法,再经过水浴回流进行甲酯化,经氢火焰离子检测器(FID)检测。②气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS),植物油脂样品通过三氟化硼-甲醇/乙醚法、盐酸-甲醇法或硫酸-甲醇法进行甲酯化,经质谱进行鉴定和分析。③高效液相色谱法(HPLC),直接使用经电容耦合非接触电导检测器、蒸发光散射检测器检测,或者采用2-硝基苯肼盐酸盐(2-NPH·HCL)为衍生化试剂,1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨丙基碳化二亚胺)盐酸盐(1-EDC·HCL)为偶联剂,将脂肪酸衍生化为肼盐衍生物,用紫外检测器测定。④液相色谱-质谱联用法(HPLC-MS),采用萘胺作为衍生化试剂,将脂肪酸衍生化为酰苯胺形式经反相色谱柱分离,大气压化学电离质谱(APCI/MS)检测。⑤核磁共振氢谱法(NMR),目前有运用其对亚麻酸、油酸及亚油酸进行定量。⑥红外光谱法,经过化学计量学方法建型,再通过数学模型计算待测样品的成分含量或确定性质。但是上述方法的主要问题是:传统的气相色谱法和气相色谱-质谱联用法脂肪酸衍生化步骤包括总脂肪的提取、水解,游离脂肪酸的甲酯化等,由于样品处理过程繁琐,限制了大样本量的分析和前处理的自动化。高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分离效率低、检测困难。液相色谱-质谱联用法基质效应影响检测。核磁共振氢谱法,价格昂贵,制约其不成为一种脂肪酸常规分析的手段。红外光谱法,是一种间接的分析技术,精确度与样品性质关系较大。因此,发展一种简单前处理、快速的植物油脂中脂肪酸检测方法具有非常重要的意义。
发明内容:
本发明目的在于提供一种植物油脂中脂肪酸的快速测定方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明解决其技术问题所采用的方案是:
一种衍生化处理植物油脂的混合液,混合液为硫酸甲醇溶液、正己烷和无水硫酸钠;所述混合液按体积质量比为5-10:1-3:1(ml/ml/g)。
所述混合液为硫酸甲醇溶液、正己烷和无水硫酸钠按体积质量比为10:1:1(ml/ml/g)。
一种混合液在衍生化处理植物油脂的方法,其特征在于:将植物油脂与过量的混合液混合,而后密闭条件下于70-80℃下实现对植物油脂的衍生化处理。所述混合液为硫酸甲醇溶液、正己烷和无水硫酸钠;所述混合液按体积质量比为5-10:1-3:1(ml/ml/g)。
进一步的说,将植物油脂与混合液按体积比1:50比例混合,在密闭条件下于70-80℃下衍生化反应2-4h,而后加入水使其分层,再以3500-4000转/分钟速度,离心2-5分钟取上层液,得到衍生化产物。
一种混合液的应用,所述混合液在对植物油脂中快速测定脂肪酸的应用。
进一步的说,将植物油脂与混合液按体积比1:50比例混合,在密闭条件下于70-80℃下衍生化反应2-4h,而后加入过量的水使其分层,再以3500-4000转/分钟速度,离心2-5分钟取上层液,得到衍生化产物,再将衍生化产物经气相色谱分离并检测,通过衍生化产物的色谱保留时间和目标物峰面积,实现对待测样品食用油中脂肪酸的定量检测;其中,混合液与水的体积比为5:1-3。
所述气相色谱条件:色谱柱:FFAP(30m×0.25mm×0.25μm),升温程序:150℃保持10min,150℃-220℃(3℃/min),220℃等温20min;进样口温度220℃,FID检测器温度280℃。
一种植物油脂中脂肪酸的快速测定方法,将植物油脂与混合液混合,而后密闭条件下于70-80℃下实现对植物油脂的衍生化处理,再将衍生化产物经气相色谱分离并检测,通过衍生化产物的色谱保留时间和目标物峰面积,实现对待测样品食用油中脂肪酸的定量检测;所述混合液为硫酸甲醇溶液、正己烷和无水硫酸钠;所述混合液按体积质量比为5-10:1-3:1(ml/ml/g)。
本发明所具有优点:
本发明采用在硫酸甲醇密闭高温环境下一步样品处理,再将衍生化产物经气相色谱分离并检测,通过衍生化产物的色谱保留时间和峰面积,按照归一化方法实现对待测样品植物油脂中脂肪酸的精确定性定量,具体为:
1.采用特殊混合试剂(3%硫酸甲醇溶液、正己烷和无水硫酸钠),在70-80℃恒温烘箱温度环境下衍生2-4小时,一步得到衍生化产物,衍生效率高。
2.通过优化气相色谱分离和检测条件,能够一次分离检测40种以上脂肪酸。
3.本方法脂肪酸衍生化避免了传统方法的水浴、回流等操作步骤,有利于脂肪酸检测的自动化。
4.本方法避免了传统检测方法需要经过总脂肪水解、甲酯化、液液萃取等繁琐的前处理过程,可有效降低检测人员的劳动强度。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的花生油一步衍生的衍生产物气相色谱图。
图2为本发明实施例提供的玉米油一步衍生的衍生产物气相色谱图。
具体实施方式:
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的解释说明。
本发明将所得混合液与待测植物油脂样品混合于密闭高温环境下一步衍生,得到衍生化产物,再将衍生化产物经气相色谱分离并检测,通过衍生化产物的色谱保留时间和峰面积,实现对待测样品植物油脂中脂肪酸的定量检测。采用本发明混合液可快速获得植物油脂衍生化产物,根据其衍生化产物的色谱保留时间和目标峰面积,采用化学计量学中不同计算模式与方法能够实现植物油脂中脂肪酸含量的测定。
实施例1
将待测植物油脂样品花生油混合于在混合体系中,其中混合体系为3%硫酸甲醇溶液、正己烷和无水硫酸钠按体积质量比10:1:1(ml/ml/g),混合试剂作用下,80℃温度环境下衍生4小时,而后加入1-3ml水使其分层,3500-4000转/分钟速度,离心2分钟,取上层液,得到衍生化产物,再将衍生化产物经气相色谱分离并检测,通过衍生化产物的色谱保留时间和目标物峰面积,按归一法计算,实现对待测样品食用油中脂肪酸的定量检测。(参见图1和表1)。
所述气相色谱条件:色谱柱:FFAP(30m×0.25mm×0.25μm),升温程序:150℃保持10min,150℃-220℃(3℃/min),220℃等温20min;进样口温度220℃,FID检测器温度280℃。
表1花生油脂肪酸实测值与标准值(GBW(E)100122)比较
由上述表中可知,将本实施例对花生油实际检测结果与其标准值比较,结果准确度高,表明该方法可以较好实现植物油脂样品脂肪酸的定性和定量。
实施例2
将待测植物油脂样品玉米油混合于在混合体系中,其中混合体系为3%硫酸甲醇溶液、正己烷和无水硫酸钠按体积质量比8:2:1(ml/ml/g),混合试剂作用下,70℃温度环境下衍生3小时,而后加入1-3ml水使其分层,3500-4000转/分钟速度,离心4分钟,取上层液,得到衍生化产物,再将衍生化产物经气相色谱分离并检测,通过衍生化产物的色谱保留时间和目标物峰面积,按归一法计算,实现对待测样品食用油中脂肪酸的定量检测。(参见图2和表2)。
所述气相色谱条件:色谱柱:FFAP(30m×0.25mm×0.25μm),升温程序:150℃保持10min,150℃-220℃(3℃/min),220℃等温20min;进样口温度220℃,FID检测器温度280℃。
表2玉米油脂肪酸实测值与标准值(GBW(E)100124)比较
由上述表中可知,将本实施例对玉米油实际检测结果与其标准值比较,结果准确度高,表明该方法可以较好实现植物油脂样品脂肪酸的定性和定量。
Claims (8)
1.一种衍生化处理植物油脂的混合液,其特征在于:混合液为硫酸甲醇溶液、正己烷和无水硫酸钠;所述混合液按体积质量比为5-10:1-3:1(ml/ml/g)。
2.按权利要求1所述衍生化处理植物油脂的混合液,其特征在于:所述混合液为硫酸甲醇溶液、正己烷和无水硫酸钠按体积质量比为10:1:1(ml/ml/g)。
3.一种按权利要求1所述混合液在衍生化处理植物油脂的方法,其特征在于:将植物油脂与过量的混合液混合,而后密闭条件下于70-80℃下实现对植物油脂的衍生化处理。
4.按权利要求3所述混合液在衍生化处理植物油脂的方法,其特征在于:将植物油脂与混合液按体积比1:50比例混合,在密闭条件下于70-80℃下衍生化反应2-4h,而后加入水使其分层,再以3500-4000转/分钟速度,离心2-5分钟取上层液,得到衍生化产物。
5.一种按权利要求1所述混合液的应用,其特征在于:所述混合液在对植物油脂中快速测定脂肪酸的应用。
6.按权利要求5所述混合液的应用,其特征在于:将植物油脂与混合液按体积1:50比例混合,在密闭条件下于70-80℃下衍生化反应2-4h,而后加入水使其分层,再以3500-4000转/分钟速度,离心2-5分钟取上层液,得到衍生化产物,再将衍生化产物经气相色谱分离并检测,通过衍生化产物的色谱保留时间和目标物峰面积,实现对待测样品食用油中脂肪酸的定量检测;其中,混合液与水的体积比为5:1-3。
7.按权利要求6所述混合液的应用,其特征在于:所述气相色谱条件:色谱柱:FFAP(30m×0.25mm×0.25μm),升温程序:150℃保持10min,150℃-220℃(3℃/min),220℃等温20min;进样口温度220℃,FID检测器温度280℃。
8.一种植物油脂中脂肪酸的快速测定方法,其特征在于:将植物油脂与混合液混合,而后密闭条件下于70-80℃下实现对植物油脂的衍生化处理,再将衍生化产物经气相色谱分离并检测,通过衍生化产物的色谱保留时间和目标物峰面积,实现对待测样品食用油中脂肪酸的定量检测;所述混合液为硫酸甲醇溶液、正己烷和无水硫酸钠;所述混合液按体积质量比为5-10:1-3:1(ml/ml/g)。
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