CN109060954A - A kind of supersonic array detection method and system and device for multi-diameter shaft crack detection - Google Patents
A kind of supersonic array detection method and system and device for multi-diameter shaft crack detection Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于阶梯轴裂纹检测的超声阵列检测方法及系统装置，其中所述方法包括：布置于阶梯轴端面的N个传感器阵元相继激发，发射信号；所述N个传感器阵元接收反馈的N2个回波信号；检测系统获取所述回波信号提取裂纹散射信号；所述检测系统获取所述裂纹散射信号提取散射系数，生成散射系数矩阵。本发明公布一种基于超声散射系数矩阵对阶梯轴裂纹检测的方法，利用裂纹处超声散射的特性，在阶梯轴轴端面布置传感器阵列阵元，建立轴裂纹的散射系数矩阵，并根据散射矩阵提出衡量裂纹深度的参数指标。提出的最大散射系数、偏离度、散射宽度都可以作为衡量裂纹深度的参数指标，且利于实现检测的自动化。
The present invention provides an ultrasonic array detection method and system device for crack detection of stepped shafts, wherein the method includes: N sensor array elements arranged on the end face of the stepped shaft are sequentially excited and transmit signals; the N sensor arrays The unit receives the feedback N 2 echo signals; the detection system obtains the echo signals to extract crack scattering signals; the detection system obtains the crack scattering signals to extract scattering coefficients to generate a scattering coefficient matrix. The invention discloses a method for detecting cracks in stepped shafts based on an ultrasonic scattering coefficient matrix, using the characteristics of ultrasonic scattering at the cracks, arranging sensor array elements on the end face of the stepped shaft, establishing a scattering coefficient matrix for shaft cracks, and proposing according to the scattering matrix A parameter index to measure the crack depth. The proposed maximum scattering coefficient, degree of deviation, and scattering width can be used as parameters to measure the depth of cracks, and it is beneficial to realize the automation of detection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lossless detection methods, more particularly to a kind of supersonic detection method of multi-diameter shaft crackle.
Background technique
Axis is the important component in mechanical driving device, and axis is typically fabricated as multi-diameter shaft form, for installing, positioning gear
And the components such as axle sleeve.By comprehensive functions such as torque, moment of flexure and impact forces in the operation process of multi-diameter shaft, it is easier at variable cross-section
It forms fine crack and causes the fracture of multi-diameter shaft if crackle extends further to big crackle, it will bring serious safe thing
Therefore huge economic loss is caused to enterprise.
Conventional lossless detection method includes ray detection, EDDY CURRENT, Magnetic testing, Liquid penetrant testing at present.The above inspection
Survey technology is easy to operate, intuitive display, but and presence detection security problems more demanding to workpiece surface roughness.Compare with
Upper several lossless detection methods, ultrasound detection safe operation do not have particular/special requirement to detection workpiece material, and detection is easily achieved
Automatic detection etc. makes ultrasound detection have comprehensive advantage in axis crack detection.Using ultrasound to the detection side of multi-diameter shaft crackle
Method generally has following several: carrying out mobile scanning in multi-diameter shaft end face using longitudinal wave list probe.Single probe is mobile in axial end
When scanning, due to being manual operation, it not can guarantee acoustic beam and be parallel to axis, affect the precision of flaw detection.In addition it is torn open in multi-diameter shaft
In the case where solution, detection with transversal waves is carried out to multi-diameter shaft axle body.This detection mode needs to disassemble axis, detection process trouble, detection
Time-consuming, is unfavorable for the detection of in-service axis.
Summary of the invention
To solve technical problem present in above-mentioned background technique, the present invention proposes a kind of based on ultrasonic scattering coefficient matrix
Axis crack detecting method.Sensor array is arranged in axis end cross-sectional.N biography is radially arranged from top to bottom in axial end
Sensor array elements are named from S1~Sn.N array element each array element excites once in succession, after the excitation of each array element, n
A array element receives an echo-signal, thus there is n × n echo-signal.N × n echo-signal is extracted crackle to dissipate
The matrix that coefficient value is combined into a n × n is penetrated, the scattering coefficient matrix diagram of crackle can be obtained.It is mentioned from scattering coefficient matrix
Take maximum scattering coefficient, irrelevance, scattering width as the parameter index for measuring crack depth.Its specific technical solution is as follows:
In a first aspect, a kind of supersonic array detection method for multi-diameter shaft crack detection, which comprises
The N number of sensor array element for being arranged in multi-diameter shaft end face excites in succession, emits signal, N >=1；
N number of sensor array element receives the N of feedback2A echo-signal；
Detection system obtains the echo-signal and extracts crackle scattered signal；
The detection system obtains the crackle scattered signal and extracts scattering coefficient, generates scattering coefficient matrix.
With reference to first aspect, the first situation in the possible implementation of first aspect is, the method also includes:
The detection system obtains scattering coefficient matrix, extracts the parameter for measuring crackle size.
With reference to first aspect and the first situation of first aspect, second in the possible implementation of first aspect
Situation is that the detection system obtains the method that the echo-signal extracts crackle scattered signal and includes:
The detection system is preset with reference signal x0(t), the reference signal is multi-diameter shaft flawless when institute survey time wave
Signal, the t are the time for returning signal, t≤N2；
The detection system operates the echo-signal xa(t) reference signal x is subtracted0(t), i.e.,
sa(t)=xa(t)-x0(t),
Its difference is crackle scattered signal sa(t), a is crack depth.
Second situation with reference to first aspect, the third situation in the possible implementation of first aspect are institute
It states detection system and obtains the crackle scattered signal extraction scattering coefficient, the method for generating scattering coefficient matrix includes:
The detection system obtains the crackle scattered signal sa(t) amplitude is as scattering coefficient value si,j, the i is
The array element ordinal number of excitation, and i≤N；J is received array element ordinal number, j≤N；
The detection system is according to the scattering coefficient value si,jScattering coefficient matrix S is generated, wherein the scattering coefficient square
The abscissa of battle array S is the array element ordinal number of excitation, and ordinate is received array element ordinal number.
The third situation with reference to first aspect, the 4th kind of situation in the possible implementation of first aspect is institute
It states detection system and obtains scattering coefficient matrix, the method for extracting the parameter for measuring crackle size includes:
The detection system obtains scattering coefficient matrix S, extracts maximum scattering coefficient value s in scattering coefficient matrix Si,jFor
Measure the maximum scattering coefficient s of crackle sizemax,
smax={ si,j}。
The 4th kind of situation with reference to first aspect, the 5th kind of situation in the possible implementation of first aspect is institute
It states detection system and obtains scattering coefficient matrix, extract the method for measuring the parameter of crackle size further include: the detection system obtains
Scattering coefficient matrix is taken, the scattering irrelevance δ for measuring crackle size, the scattering irrelevance δ expression maximum scattering coefficient are extracted
smaxThe degree at scattering coefficient matrix S leading diagonal center is deviateed in present position in scattering coefficient matrix S；
The scattering irrelevance δ is equal to maximum scattering coefficient smaxPresent position is along the scattering in scattering coefficient matrix S
The ratio in coefficient matrix S leading diagonal direction and scattering coefficient matrix center distance d and leading diagonal length D half,
δ=d/ (0.5D) × 100%.
The 5th kind of situation with reference to first aspect, the 6th kind of situation in the possible implementation of first aspect is institute
It states detection system and obtains scattering coefficient matrix, extract the method for measuring the parameter of crackle size further include: the detection system obtains
Scattering coefficient matrix is taken, the scattering width E for measuring crackle size, the scattering degree of the scattering width E expression crackle are extracted；
Scattering coefficient value carries out deviation standardization normalization on the detection system operation scattering coefficient matrix S leading diagonal
Processing generates rectangular coordinate system, and the abscissa of the rectangular coordinate system is array element, and the ordinate of the rectangular coordinate system is to return
One changes scattering coefficient value si,j；
The scattering width E is normalization scattering coefficient value si,jIn corresponding rectangular coordinate system curve across width.
The 6th kind of situation with reference to first aspect, the 7th kind of situation in the possible implementation of first aspect is institute
State scattering width to be set as normalizing scattering coefficient value when being 0.3-0.8, in corresponding rectangular coordinate system curve across width.
The 7th kind of situation with reference to first aspect, the 8th kind of situation in the possible implementation of first aspect is institute
State scattering width to be set as normalizing scattering coefficient value when being 0.6, in corresponding rectangular coordinate system curve across width.
Second aspect, a kind of system that the supersonic array for multi-diameter shaft crack detection detects, the system comprises:
Sensor module, for emitting signal and receiving echo-signal；
Detection module extracts crackle scattered signal for obtaining the echo-signal, extracts scattering coefficient, generates scattering system
Matrix number extracts the parameter for measuring crackle size.
The system also includes following devices:
Sensor die block assembly, for emitting signal and receiving echo-signal；
Detection module device extracts crackle scattered signal for obtaining the echo-signal, extracts scattering coefficient, generate and dissipate
Coefficient matrix is penetrated, the parameter for measuring crackle size is extracted；
It further include processor, memory and bus, the processor and memory are described by bus progress data connection
A plurality of operational order is stored in memory, the processor loads the operational order and executes, and realizes first aspect and first
Method described in the first of aspect to the 8th kind of situation.
The utility model has the advantages that the present invention utilizes the characteristic of cracks ultrasonic scattering, in shaft end of stepped shaft face placement sensor array
Array element establishes the scattering coefficient matrix of axis crackle, and the parameter index of measurement crack depth is proposed according to collision matrix.It proposes
Maximum scattering coefficient, irrelevance, scattering width all can serve as to measure the parameter index of crack depth, and be conducive to realize detection
Automation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is method flow schematic diagram provided by the invention；
The scattering coefficient matrix diagram that Fig. 2 is crack depth when being 0mm；
The scattering coefficient matrix diagram that Fig. 3 is crack depth when being 1mm；
The scattering coefficient matrix diagram that Fig. 4 is crack depth when being 2mm；
The scattering coefficient matrix diagram that Fig. 5 is crack depth when being 3mm；
The scattering coefficient matrix diagram that Fig. 6 is crack depth when being 4mm；
The scattering coefficient matrix diagram that Fig. 7 is crack depth when being 5mm；
The scattering coefficient matrix diagram that Fig. 8 is crack depth when being 6mm；
Fig. 9 is the linear schematic diagram of maximum scattering coefficient-crack depth in embodiment one；
Figure 10 is that scattering coefficient matrix S is deviateed in maximum scattering coefficient present position in scattering coefficient matrix in embodiment one
The degree schematic diagram at leading diagonal center；
Figure 11 is the linear schematic diagram of irrelevance and crack depth in embodiment one；
Figure 12 is the linear schematic diagram that scattering coefficient value and array element are normalized in embodiment one；
Figure 13 is the linear schematic diagram of scattering width and crack depth in embodiment one；
Figure 14 is the system frame structure schematic diagram of embodiment two.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described.Obviously, described embodiment is
Section Example of the invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art
Every other embodiment obtained without creative efforts, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment one:
Multi-diameter shaft in the mounted state only have axial end can directly it is exposed outside, for research multi-diameter shaft in the mounted state
Sensor array is arranged in axis end cross-sectional by the detection of crackle.It is radially equally spaced 12 from top to bottom in axial end
Sensor array array element, the width of 12 array element are 2mm, and adjacent two array element spacing is 0.5mm.Method as shown in Figure 1
Step:
Step 101, detection module controls 12 array elements and excites in succession, ultrasonic wave letter of each array element excitation-emission
Number.
Step 102, after the excitation of each array element, 12 array elements receive an echo-signal, and all array elements are whole
After excitation, just there are 12 × 12 echo-signals.
Step 103, detection module extracts crackle scattered signal.Surveyed echo-signal is as reference signal x when using flawless0
(t) it is stored in the detection module in advance for its calling.Echo-signal x when detection module acquisition has cracklea(t) (a is that crackle is deep
Degree, it is assumed that a=1,2,3,4,5,6；T is the ordinal number of echo-signal, t≤(12 × 12)), echo-signal x when having cracklea
(t) reference signal x is subtracted0(t) difference is as crackle scattered signal sa(t), wherein there is echo-signal x when cracklea(t) it and refers to
Signal x0(t) subtract each other after all taking its wave packet.,
sa(t)=xa(t)-x0(t)。
Step 104, detection module obtains the crackle scattered signal sa(t) amplitude is as scattering coefficient value si,j(i is
The array element ordinal number of excitation, i=1,2 ..., 12；J is received array element ordinal number, j=1,2 ..., 12).
Step 105, detection module obtains the scattering coefficient si,jScattering coefficient matrix S is generated, scattering coefficient matrix S's
Abscissa is the array element of excitation, and ordinate is received array element.
Fig. 2-Fig. 8 be using linear interpolation after, crack depth be 0mm~6mm scattering coefficient matrix diagram.
Scattering coefficient matrix contains crackle size information, and the ginseng for measuring crackle size can be extracted from scattering coefficient matrix
Number.
Step 106, detection module is from the scattering coefficient matrix S after interpolationn×nMiddle extraction maximum scattering coefficient smax。smax=
{si,j(i=1,2 ..., m；J=1,2 ..., n)
The maximum scattering coefficient s of Fig. 9 expression scattering coefficient matrix SmaxApparent linear positive is presented between crack depth a
It is related.
Step 107, the detection system obtains scattering coefficient matrix, extracts the scattering irrelevance δ for measuring crackle size, institute
Stating scattering irrelevance δ indicates maximum scattering coefficient smaxScattering coefficient matrix S master is deviateed in present position in scattering coefficient matrix S
The degree at diagonal line center, as shown in Figure 10；
The scattering irrelevance δ is equal to maximum scattering coefficient smaxPresent position is along the scattering in scattering coefficient matrix S
The ratio in coefficient matrix S leading diagonal direction and scattering coefficient matrix center distance d and leading diagonal length D half,
δ=d/ (0.5D) × 100%.
Figure 11 illustrates the relationship between irrelevance and crack depth, and apparent positive is presented in irrelevance and crack depth
It closes.
Step 108, detection system obtains scattering coefficient matrix S, extracts the scattering width E for measuring crackle size, described to dissipate
Penetrating width E indicates the scattering degree of crackle；
Scattering coefficient value carries out deviation standardization normalization on the detection system operation scattering coefficient matrix S leading diagonal
Processing generates rectangular coordinate system, and the abscissa of the rectangular coordinate system is array element, and the ordinate of the rectangular coordinate system is to return
One changes scattering coefficient value si,j；
The scattering width E is normalization scattering coefficient value si,jIn corresponding rectangular coordinate system curve across width.
Scattering width E is for indicating the scattering degree that crackle scatters ultrasonic energy.As shown in figure 12, the detection system
It operates scattering coefficient value on scattering coefficient matrix S leading diagonal and carries out deviation standardization normalized, generate rectangular coordinate system,
The abscissa of its rectangular coordinate system is array element, and the ordinate of the rectangular coordinate system is normalization scattering coefficient value si,j.From
Poor standard normalization is to carry out linear transformation to initial data, is mapped to end value between [0-1].Transfer function are as follows:
Wherein max, min are sample maximum, minimum value respectively.si,jFor original sample scattering coefficient value,After normalization
Scattering coefficient value.
It is obtained according to lot of experimental data and analysis, is normalization scattering coefficient value s when defining scattering width Ei,jIt is corresponding bent
Line across width when, preferably, the scattering coefficient value si,jValue range can be 0.3-0.8；Best value is 0.6.
Because scattering width changes the most obvious with crackle when scattering coefficient value is 0.6.Figure 13 indicates scattering width and crack depth
Between relationship, presented between scattering width and crack depth apparent negatively correlated.
From scattering coefficient matrix shape can intuitive judgment crack depth size, and extracted from scattering coefficient matrix
Maximum scattering coefficient smax, scattering irrelevance δ, scattering width E also can very well as measurement crackle size parameter index.
Embodiment two:
As shown in figure 14, the present invention is based on the above methods, provide a kind of supersonic array for multi-diameter shaft crack detection
The system of detection, the system comprises:
Sensor module, for emitting signal and receiving echo-signal；
Detection module extracts crackle scattered signal for obtaining the echo-signal, extracts scattering coefficient, generates scattering system
Matrix number extracts the parameter for measuring crackle size.
Based on above system, the present invention also provides a kind of systems that the supersonic array for multi-diameter shaft crack detection detects
Device, the system and device include:
Sensor die block assembly, for emitting signal and receiving echo-signal；
Detection module device extracts crackle scattered signal for obtaining the echo-signal, extracts scattering coefficient, generate and dissipate
Coefficient matrix is penetrated, the parameter for measuring crackle size is extracted；
It further include processor, memory and bus, the processor and memory are described by bus progress data connection
A plurality of operational order is stored in memory, the processor loads the operational order and executes, and realizes described in the specification
Method.
For device embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, related so being described relatively simple
Place illustrates referring to the part of embodiment of the method.
The apparatus embodiments described above are merely exemplary, can be designed to integrated equipment, be also possible to group
A set of equipment is synthesized, may be distributed over multiple network units.Can select according to the actual needs part therein or
Whole modules achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.Those of ordinary skill in the art are not the case where paying creative labor
Under, it can it understands and implements.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can be understood that each embodiment can
It is realized by the mode of software and required general hardware platform, naturally it is also possible to pass through hardware.Based on this understanding, on
Stating technical solution, substantially the part that contributes to existing technology can be embodied in the form of software products in other words, should
Computer software product may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, CD, including several fingers
It enables and using so that a computer equipment (can be personal computer, server or the network equipment etc.) executes each implementation
Method described in certain parts of example or embodiment.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although
Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art its still can be to aforementioned each
Technical solution documented by embodiment is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；And these are modified
Or replacement, the range for technical solution of various embodiments of the present invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of supersonic array detection method for multi-diameter shaft crack detection, which is characterized in that the described method includes:
The N number of sensor array element for being arranged in multi-diameter shaft end face excites in succession, emits signal, N >=1；
N number of sensor array element receives the N of feedback2A echo-signal；
Detection system obtains the echo-signal and extracts crackle scattered signal；
The detection system obtains the crackle scattered signal and extracts scattering coefficient, generates scattering coefficient matrix.
2. a kind of supersonic array detection method for multi-diameter shaft crack detection according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The method also includes:
The detection system obtains scattering coefficient matrix, extracts the parameter for measuring crackle size.
3. a kind of supersonic array detection method for multi-diameter shaft crack detection according to claim 1 or 2, feature exist
In,
The detection system obtains the method that the echo-signal extracts crackle scattered signal
The detection system is preset with reference signal x0(t), the reference signal is by surveying echo-signal when multi-diameter shaft flawless,
The t is the time for returning signal, t≤N2；
The detection system operates the echo-signal xa(t) reference signal x is subtracted0(t), i.e.,
sa(t)=xa(t)-x0(t),
Its difference is crackle scattered signal sa(t), a is crack depth.
4. a kind of supersonic array detection method for multi-diameter shaft crack detection according to claim 3, which is characterized in that
The detection system obtains the crackle scattered signal and extracts scattering coefficient, and the method for generating scattering coefficient matrix includes:
The detection system obtains the crackle scattered signal sa(t) amplitude is as scattering coefficient value si,j, the i is excitation
Array element ordinal number, and i≤N；J is received array element ordinal number, j≤N；
The detection system is according to the scattering coefficient value si,jScattering coefficient matrix S is generated, wherein the scattering coefficient matrix S
Abscissa be excitation array element ordinal number, ordinate be received array element ordinal number.
5. a kind of supersonic array detection method for multi-diameter shaft crack detection according to claim 4, which is characterized in that
The detection system obtains scattering coefficient matrix, and the method for extracting the parameter for measuring crackle size includes:
The detection system obtains scattering coefficient matrix S, extracts maximum scattering coefficient value s in scattering coefficient matrix Si,jTo measure
The maximum scattering coefficient s of crackle sizemax,
smax={ si,j}。
6. according to right want 5 described in a kind of supersonic array detection method for multi-diameter shaft crack detection, which is characterized in that institute
It states detection system and obtains scattering coefficient matrix, extract the method for measuring the parameter of crackle size further include: the detection system obtains
Scattering coefficient matrix is taken, the scattering irrelevance δ for measuring crackle size, the scattering irrelevance δ expression maximum scattering coefficient are extracted
smaxThe degree at scattering coefficient matrix S leading diagonal center is deviateed in present position in scattering coefficient matrix S；
The scattering irrelevance δ is equal to maximum scattering coefficient smaxPresent position is along the scattering coefficient in scattering coefficient matrix S
The ratio in matrix S leading diagonal direction and scattering coefficient matrix center distance d and leading diagonal length D half,
δ=d/ (0.5D) × 100%.
7. according to right want 6 described in a kind of supersonic array detection method for multi-diameter shaft crack detection, which is characterized in that institute
It states detection system and obtains scattering coefficient matrix, extract the method for measuring the parameter of crackle size further include: the detection system obtains
Scattering coefficient matrix is taken, the scattering width E for measuring crackle size, the scattering degree of the scattering width E expression crackle are extracted；
Scattering coefficient value carries out at deviation standardization normalization on the detection system operation scattering coefficient matrix S leading diagonal
Reason generates rectangular coordinate system, and the abscissa of the rectangular coordinate system is array element, and the ordinate of the rectangular coordinate system is normalizing
Change scattering coefficient value si,j；
The scattering width E is normalization scattering coefficient value si,jIn corresponding rectangular coordinate system curve across width.
8. a kind of supersonic array detection method for multi-diameter shaft crack detection according to claim 7, which is characterized in that institute
Scattering width E is stated to be set as normalizing scattering coefficient value si,jWhen for 0.3-0.8, in corresponding rectangular coordinate system curve across
Width.
9. according to right want 8 described in a kind of supersonic array detection method for multi-diameter shaft crack detection, which is characterized in that institute
Scattering width E is stated to be set as normalizing scattering coefficient value si,When j is 0.6, in corresponding rectangular coordinate system curve across width.
10. a kind of system that the supersonic array for multi-diameter shaft crack detection detects, which is characterized in that the system comprises:
Sensor module, for emitting signal and receiving echo-signal；
Detection module extracts crackle scattered signal for obtaining the echo-signal, extracts scattering coefficient, generate scattering coefficient square
Battle array extracts the parameter for measuring crackle size；
The system further includes following device:
Sensor die block assembly, for emitting signal and receiving echo-signal；
Detection module device extracts crackle scattered signal for obtaining the echo-signal, extracts scattering coefficient, generates scattering system
Matrix number extracts the parameter for measuring crackle size；
It further include processor, memory and bus, the processor and memory pass through bus progress data connection, the storage
A plurality of operational order is stored in device, the processor loads the operational order and executes, and realizes side described in claim 1-9
Method.
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