CN109058054A - A kind of the bolt on-line monitoring system and method for wind power generator group - Google Patents
A kind of the bolt on-line monitoring system and method for wind power generator group Download PDFInfo
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- CN109058054A CN109058054A CN201810796150.6A CN201810796150A CN109058054A CN 109058054 A CN109058054 A CN 109058054A CN 201810796150 A CN201810796150 A CN 201810796150A CN 109058054 A CN109058054 A CN 109058054A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
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Abstract
本发明属于风电发电机技术领域，公开了一种风电发电机组的螺栓在线监测系统及方法，连接风电发电机上螺栓的光纤传感器，和光纤传感器连接的信号处理系统和显示装置，以及向工作人员传达预警信息的报警器；螺栓和光纤传感器用探测光缆连接，信号处理系统接收由光纤传感器发出的光信号，并进行数据分析处理，显示装置用于数据显示，测试以及预警。利用光纤传感器，能够实现长距离分布式监测，以及多螺栓的实时监测。另外，本发明在信号处理系统中引入了编码技术将光脉冲信号在注入被测光纤前进行序列编码，避免了传统移动平均法的局限性，提高了信号处理系统的信噪比，增大了双光束OTDR的测量动态范围。
The invention belongs to the technical field of wind power generators, and discloses an online monitoring system and method for bolts of a wind power generator set, an optical fiber sensor connected to the bolts on the wind power generator, a signal processing system and a display device connected to the optical fiber sensor, and communicating to the staff An alarm for early warning information; bolts and optical fiber sensors are connected with detection optical cables, the signal processing system receives the optical signal sent by the optical fiber sensor, and performs data analysis and processing, and the display device is used for data display, testing and early warning. Using fiber optic sensors can realize long-distance distributed monitoring and real-time monitoring of multiple bolts. In addition, the present invention introduces coding technology into the signal processing system to sequence code the optical pulse signal before injecting the optical fiber under test, avoiding the limitations of the traditional moving average method, improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal processing system, and increasing the Measurement dynamic range of dual-beam OTDR.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of bolt of wind power generator technical field more particularly to wind power generator group on-line monitorings to be
System and method.
Background technique
Currently, the prior art commonly used in the trade is such thatWind power generator group is rotated by longtime running, part bolt
The case where will appear loose or dislocation or fracture, the bolt of fixed blade of wind-driven generator are located at tens meters of distance of high-altitude.It loosens
It can not be replaced in time with the bolt to fall off, and there are many bolt on Wind turbines, cannot achieve wind-powered electricity generation power generation in the prior art
Multiple bolts are monitored on-line and are positioned simultaneously on machine.Bolt tightness on-line monitoring system and method based on OTDR technique
In, it may determine that whether bolt loosens or fall off according to the light intensity data of optical time domain reflectometer, and obtain by detecting optical cable
Rear orientation light, and the light intensity of different optical cable positions is translated into realize the positioning of bolt.This method may be implemented more
A bolt is monitored on-line simultaneously, and is known that the position of loose bolts, but the structure detectivity is by Light source line width shadow
Sound is bigger, and has one section of blind area in use process always.
Due to back scattering optical signal in optical fiber and its faint, and comparatively Fresnel reflection optical signal is stronger
(being often higher by more than 30 dB) need to be to the sensitivity requirement of OTDR receiver in order to effectively measure low power backscatter signal
It is very high.When high-intensitive reflection generates, the reflection power that photelectric receiver receives is higher than back scattering power
More than 4000 times out, therefore after the detector inside OTDR encounters fibre scattering event, it may appear that reflection peak, receiver is then
Saturation state can be entered, and reacting the characteristic on curve is an area Duan Ping occur, curve is restored to from saturation state (flat area)
Undersaturated condition (linear region) needs the regular hour, during this period of time, other all letters including scattered signal
It number is blanked, OTDR cannot accurately detect consequent scattered signal at this time, and then form blind area.Under normal circumstances, it reflects
More, blind area is longer.
Light impulse length can be set as T, the speed of light in a vacuum is C, and the group index of tested optical fiber is N, then occurs blind
The size of area's flat-top is L=CT/2N.By the relationship of blind area and pulse width it is found that laser pulse to same amplitude size, blind
Area can increase with the increase of pulse width.The large-scale detection requirement of distance this for wind power generator, pulse when measurement
Width should increase, and pulsewidth is bigger, and power is bigger, it is longer can measure distance, but resolution ratio can reduce, measurement accuracy and detection spirit
Sensitivity can also reduce.
In conclusion problem of the existing technology is:The existing bolt fastening degree based on OTDR technique is supervised online
Survey method detectivity is influenced bigger by Light source line width, and has one section of blind area in use process always, blind area can be wide with pulse
The increase of degree and increase, the large-scale detection requirement of distance this for wind power generator, broad pulse should be used when measurement, but increase
Big pulse width can reduce its resolution ratio and detectivity, and be applied to wind power generator bolt and monitor, by ambient enviroment
Noise effect has larger impact to detection result.
Solve the difficulty and meaning of above-mentioned technical problem:
Increasingly mature with OTDR manufacturing technology, measurement accuracy is being continuously improved, but blind area influences to always exist
And it is inevitable, in the monitoring process of wind power generator bolt, if blind area is too long, some link connectors may be by
It misses, technical staff can not identify them, this is difficult to realize the work such as positioning of loose bolts on blade of wind-driven generator.
In the external product of early stage, light shield technology is mostly used greatly to reduce blind area, principle is in the backward channel of optical signal
A high-speed optical switch, such as acousto-optic deflection device is added, strong reflectance signal truncation is fallen, after reflection light pulse, then is restored
Normal optical signal allows for OTDR receiver not by big effect of signals, to reduce testing blind zone in this way.This technology is although right
Reduce blind area have preferable effect, but implement it is more complicated, need to it is all have reflection signal place all be arranged shielded points,
Parameter adjustment can be highly difficult, and cost is also high.
It is analyzed from OTDR design angle itself, OTDR can provide better blind area performance when emitting short pulse, but it is dynamic
State range can reduce, and not be suitable for the big object of the remote range of this distance of wind power generator, some producers put in the inside of instrument
Variable optical attenuator has been set, has reached receiver by the size that attenuator controls optical power to reduce the power of reflected light signal
Degree to saturation mitigates, and obtains smaller blind area with this, but such method be equally to sacrifice the dynamic range of instrument as cost,
It can not be suitable for the monitoring of remote wind power generator group.
Summary of the invention
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of bolt on-line monitoring systems of wind power generator group
And method.
The invention is realized in this way a kind of bolt on-line monitoring system of wind power generator group, the wind power generator
The bolt on-line monitoring system of group is provided with
The signal processing system and display that the fibre optical sensor of bolt is connected with fibre optical sensor on connection wind power generator
Device, and the alarm to staff's reception and registration warning information；
Bolt is connected with fibre optical sensor with detecting optical cable, and signal processing system is received to be believed by the light that fibre optical sensor issues
Number, and Data Analysis Services are carried out, display device is shown for data, test and early warning.
Signal processing system is then the light pulse of width needed for being issued by laser, which contains encoder generation
C-S compound key, approach axis coupler are again incident in tested fiber line, the back rayleigh scattering light in tested optical fiber link
It is decoupling through directional coupler again with Fresnel reflected light, after the photodetector detection with preposition amplification and filter function
To Rayleigh scattering optical signal, reflected light and reflection signal are converted into electric signal, electric signal is amplified by preamplifier, then by low
Pass filter extracts useful signal from the original signal for being mixed with noise or interference, and inhibits garbage signal, and useful signal is through ADC
Incoming C-S compound key decoder is decoded after analog-digital converter is converted into digital signal, then input signal processor, to data
It is acquired analysis processing.
The signal of signal processing system detection belongs to small-signal, and not only signal amplitude is small, but also signal is mainly by noise
It floods, especially larger to this noise in wind power generator field and detected object that detection range is remote connects from tested optical fiber route
The Rayleigh scattering optical signal received can be described as very faint.In this signal processing system, by photoelectric converter by light
Signal is converted to electric signal, then is amplified by detection circuit, and each amplification filtering channel company corresponding with an analog-to-digital conversion module
It connects.
Obtain the signal processing system snr gain based on C-S compound key are as follows:
Wherein L is the code length of CCPONS train pulse coding, and M is S code code length.Using the coding solution of C-S compound key
Code principle improves the signal-to-noise ratio of OTDR system, not only can increase the energy of detectable signal but also can improve dynamic range and resolution ratio.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of bolt on-line monitoring systems of wind-powered electricity generation hair compound key motor group
Wind power generator group bolt on-line monitoring method, the bolt on-line monitoring method of the wind power generator group is according to dual-beam
Principle of interference, interference signal light intensity indicate are as follows:
Take the average value in long period Δ t, then:
I1、I2The respectively light intensity of two-way scattered signal,For the phase difference of two-way scattered signal.
Further, the bolt on-line monitoring method of the wind power generator group is when the optical fiber of somewhere bolt is by pulling force or bending
When influence, the phase of the Rayleigh scattering light in optical fiber can change, and light intensity is caused to change, therefore can pass through detection bolt pine
The phase difference of dynamic front and back, obtains the aeration level of bolt；According to the light intensity data of acquisition, detecting optical cable light intensity in the position is judged
Whether it is lower than normal range (NR) preset value, issues alarm signal if somewhere light intensity is lower than preset value.
Further, the bolt on-line monitoring method of the wind power generator group uses two-beam interference, and it is dry that scattering light occurs
What is related to is the light scattering occurred between two collimated light beams, is the light arteries and veins by by light pulse injection fibre by OTDR positioning
Be punched in transmission in optical fiber, bolt looseness or fall off so that fibre-optical bending and generate scattering and reflection, a portion scatter light and
Reflected light is returned along original route；
The positioning that bolt can be achieved then is calculated by range formula d=c Δ t/2n；Δ t is incoming signal and return signal
Time difference, c is the light beam in vacuum, and n is optical fibre refractivity, and d is distance of the scattering point to optical fiber head end.
The scattering curve that the two-way scattering interference of light is obtained using dual-beam OTDR distributed optical fiber sensing system, when bolt has
When the event that loosens and fall off occurs, the Rayleigh scattering interference light intensity that photodetector can be caused to receive changes, therefore can
On-line monitoring and the positioning of bolt are realized by the difference and its corresponding position that calculate the half interval contour interference light intensity of Rayleigh scattering.
(exemplary diagram 3)
In conclusion advantages of the present invention and good effect are as follows: dual-beam OTDR distributed fiberoptic sensor is utilized, it can
Realize long-distance distributed monitoring and more bolt real-time monitorings.Ordinary circumstance, wind power generator are in the higher position of height above sea level
The measurement dynamic range of (1500m or more), traditional OTDR are limited, the prison of long range event this for bolt on wind power generator
It surveys, measuring can not distinguish greatly because dynamic range is big and noise disturbances influence, this is present invention realization wind power generator spiral shell
Bolt monitors a big problem to be solved on-line.
Before this, it solves noise and the method for moving average is generally adopted by signal interference problem, scattering curve data are carried out
Although the method for average treatment can eliminate influence of the interfering noise to fiber-optic signal, its is computationally intensive and be easy to cause data
It overflows, bolt can not be applied to and monitor this higher monitoring system of requirement of real-time on-line.In fact, when the light pulse of transmitting
Frequency is 10KHZ, and when average sample number is set as 100 times, being handled using the method for moving average the data acquired in 1S can
9.9K averaged curve is obtained, can be very big to curve processing operand with this algorithm, to reduce the operational efficiency of system.
The present invention introduces coding techniques in signal processing system and light pulse signal is carried out sequential coding before injecting tested optical fiber,
The limitation for avoiding the above method improves the signal-to-noise ratio of signal processing system, increases measurement dynamic range.
In addition, the bolt on-line monitoring system of wind power generator group is suitable for condition than relatively rugged environment, and have
Anti-electromagnetic interference capability avoids the influence of external environment and electromagnetic interference to detectable signal accuracy.The present invention is using double light
Beam interferometer principle is combined with OTDR positioning principle reduces the influence of Light source line width bring blind area, substantially increases its detection spirit
Sensitivity.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the bolt on-line monitoring system structural schematic diagram of wind power generator group provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
In figure: 1, fibre optical sensor；2, signal processing system；3, display device；4, alarm；5, work station.
Fig. 2 is the bolt line monitor signal processing unit schematic diagram of wind power generator group provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the on-line monitoring and positioning schematic diagram of bolt provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the bolt on-line monitoring system of wind power generator group provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes: that optical fiber passes
Sensor 1, signal processing system 2, display device 3, alarm 4, work station 5.
Connect 2 He of signal processing system that the fibre optical sensor 1 of bolt and fibre optical sensor 1 connect on wind power generator
Display device 3, and the alarm 4 to staff's reception and registration warning information；Bolt and fibre optical sensor 1 are connected with detecting optical cable
It connects, signal processing system 2 receives the optical signal issued by fibre optical sensor 1, and carries out Data Analysis Services, and display device 3 is then
It is shown for data, test and early warning.
The bolt on-line monitoring method of wind power generator group provided in an embodiment of the present invention the following steps are included:
The fibre optical sensor of the bolt on-line monitoring system of wind power generator group provided in an embodiment of the present invention is by double light
Beam interferometer principle and OTDR positioning principle are combined into, and the modulated generation pulsed light of light that light source issues is divided into two bundles through coupler
Light respectively enters two sensor fibres and is propagated, and generates two backwards to Rayleigh dispersed optical signal, when two back-scattering lights are same
When can interfere when reaching coupler, and photodetector received signal is then two back-scattering light result of interference.
According to two-beam interference principle, interference signal light intensity be may be expressed as:
Take the average value in long period Δ t, then:
I1, I2 are respectively the light intensity of two-way scattered signal,For the phase difference of two-way scattered signal.
When the optical fiber of somewhere bolt is influenced by pulling force or bending, the phase of the Rayleigh scattering light in optical fiber can become
Change, light intensity is caused to change, therefore loosen the phase difference of front and back by detection, obtains the aeration level of bolt.According to the light of acquisition
Strong data judge whether light intensity is lower than normal range (NR) preset value to detecting optical cable in the position, if somewhere light intensity lower than if preset value
Issue alarm signal.
The present invention uses two-beam interference, and the scattering interference of light occurs is the light scattering occurred between two collimated light beams,
The optical path difference scattered between light is smaller, improves detectivity, reduces its blind area.It is by infusing light pulse by OTDR positioning
Enter in optical fiber, light pulse is transmitted in optical fiber, bolt looseness or fall off so that fibre-optical bending and generate scattering and reflection, wherein
A part scattering light and reflected light are returned along original route.
The positioning that bolt can be achieved then is calculated by range formula d=c Δ t/2n；Δ t is incoming signal and return signal
Time difference, c be vacuum in light beam, n is optical fibre refractivity.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of bolt on-line monitoring system of wind power generator group, which is characterized in that the bolt of the wind power generator group exists
Line monitoring system is provided with
Fibre optical sensor；
The signal processing system and display dress that the fibre optical sensor of bolt is connected with fibre optical sensor on connection wind power generator
It sets, and conveys the alarm of warning information to staff；
Bolt is connected with fibre optical sensor with detecting optical cable, and signal processing system receives the optical signal issued by fibre optical sensor,
And Data Analysis Services are carried out, display device is shown for data, test and early warning.
2. a kind of bolt of the wind power generator group of the bolt on-line monitoring system of wind power generator group as described in claim 1 exists
Line monitoring method, which is characterized in that the bolt on-line monitoring method of the wind power generator group is done according to two-beam interference principle
Relate to signal light intensity expression are as follows:
Take the average value in long period Δ t, then:
I1、I2The respectively light intensity of two-way scattered signal,For the phase difference of two-way scattered signal.
3. the bolt on-line monitoring method of wind power generator group as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the wind-powered electricity generation hair
Rayleigh scattering light of the bolt on-line monitoring method of motor group when the optical fiber of somewhere bolt is influenced by pulling force or bending, in optical fiber
Phase can change, cause light intensity to change, thus by detection loosen front and back phase difference, obtain the loosening journey of bolt
Degree；According to the light intensity data of acquisition, judge whether light intensity is lower than normal range (NR) preset value to detecting optical cable in the position, if somewhere light
Alarm signal is then issued lower than preset value by force.
4. the bolt on-line monitoring method of wind power generator group as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the wind-powered electricity generation hair
The bolt on-line monitoring method of motor group uses two-beam interference, and the scattering interference of light occurs is occurred between two collimated light beams
Light scattering, be the bolt looseness or de- by the way that by light pulse injection fibre, light pulse is transmitted in optical fiber by OTDR positioning
Fall so that fibre-optical bending and generate scattering and reflection, a portion scatters light and reflected light and returns along original route；
The positioning that bolt can be achieved then is calculated by range formula d=c Δ t/2n；Δ t be incoming signal and return signal when
Between it is poor, c is the light beam in vacuum, and n is optical fibre refractivity, and d is distance of the scattering point to optical fiber head end.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810796150.6A CN109058054A (en) | 2018-07-19 | 2018-07-19 | A kind of the bolt on-line monitoring system and method for wind power generator group |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810796150.6A CN109058054A (en) | 2018-07-19 | 2018-07-19 | A kind of the bolt on-line monitoring system and method for wind power generator group |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110220682A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-09-10 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | The monitoring device and monitoring method loosened for monitoring bolt |
| CN110307126A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-10-08 | 南京华盾电力信息安全测评有限公司 | Wind-driven generator fault collection system and method |
| CN110778464A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-02-11 | 东方电气风电有限公司 | Bolt online monitoring system and method for large wind generating set |
| WO2020238438A1 (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2020-12-03 | 曾杰 | Tower of wind turbine, method for monitoring connection of tower cylinders, terminal and readable storage medium |
| WO2021098879A1 (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2021-05-27 | 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司 | Looseness monitoring device and system of bolt or nut |
| WO2021120990A1 (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-06-24 | 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司 | Looseness monitoring device and system for bolts or nuts |
| WO2021121410A1 (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-06-24 | 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司 | Bolt or nut looseness monitoring device and system, optical fiber deformation sensor and wind turbine tower barrel |
| CN114263571A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-04-01 | 东方电气风电股份有限公司 | System and method for monitoring bolt looseness of tower barrel by wind turbine generator |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020238438A1 (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2020-12-03 | 曾杰 | Tower of wind turbine, method for monitoring connection of tower cylinders, terminal and readable storage medium |
| CN110220682A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-09-10 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | The monitoring device and monitoring method loosened for monitoring bolt |
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| CN110778464A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-02-11 | 东方电气风电有限公司 | Bolt online monitoring system and method for large wind generating set |
| WO2021098879A1 (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2021-05-27 | 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司 | Looseness monitoring device and system of bolt or nut |
| WO2021120990A1 (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-06-24 | 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司 | Looseness monitoring device and system for bolts or nuts |
| WO2021121410A1 (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-06-24 | 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司 | Bolt or nut looseness monitoring device and system, optical fiber deformation sensor and wind turbine tower barrel |
| WO2021120989A1 (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-06-24 | 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司 | Looseness monitoring device and system for bolts or nuts |
| CN114263571A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-04-01 | 东方电气风电股份有限公司 | System and method for monitoring bolt looseness of tower barrel by wind turbine generator |
| CN114263571B (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2023-10-20 | 东方电气风电股份有限公司 | System and method for monitoring loosening of tower barrel bolts of wind turbine generator |
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Application publication date: 20181221 |
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