CN109053193B - 一种氮化硅陶瓷喷嘴及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种氮化硅陶瓷喷嘴及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
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- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种氮化硅陶瓷喷嘴及其制备方法,所述氮化硅陶瓷喷嘴的原料组成为:氮化硅亚微米粉料65%~70%,Y2O3亚微米粉料5%~10%,TiC亚微米粉料5%~8%,Al2O3细晶粒粉料3%~5%,Li2CO3亚微米粉料3%~7%,ZrO2亚微米粉料1%~3%,高岭土2%~5%,利用SPS烧结技术进行烧结成型得到。相比于传统金属喷嘴,本发明可提供一种耐磨、韧性好、超长寿命喷嘴及其制备方法和安装方法,有效提高了喷嘴耐磨损的性能、缩短了更换喷嘴的时间。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于先进结构材料及功能材料的制备技术领域,其产品应用于生态环保型金属带材除鳞技术领域,具体涉及一种氮化硅陶瓷喷嘴及其制备方法。
背景技术
传统的去除金属板材表面氧化层方法主要依赖酸洗。酸洗对环境的污染大,废酸的处理成本高,对产品表面质量随着大气环境治理力度的加大,进一步促使混合浆喷射除鳞技术在热轧板带材生产线上得以推广和应用。但目前制约该项技术大量推广应用的瓶颈之一,是采用耐磨合金制作的喷嘴寿命较短,不仅连续工作时间短,更换频繁,影响生产效率;而且喷嘴出口尺寸及形状的时变性影响流量的精确控制,导致金属表面质量的不稳定。
Si3N4陶瓷作为新型高温结构陶瓷,具有耐磨性、耐腐蚀性、抗蠕变性、高强度、抗热震性、良好的热稳定性等优异特点,可用于制作耐磨、耐高温及耐蚀部件等,在航天航空、冶金、机械、化工等极端环境得到应用。
放电等离子烧结是一种新型的制备功能材料的粉末固化成形技术。与传统工艺相比,SPS 技术的主要特点是利用体加热和表面活化实现材料的超快速致密化烧结,具有升温速度快、烧结时间短、烧结温度低、加热均匀、生产效率高、节约能源等优点。此外,由于等离子体的活化和快速升温烧结的综合作用,抑制了晶粒的长大,保持了原始颗粒的微观结构,从而在本质上提高了烧结体的性能,并使得最终产品具有组织细小均匀、能保持原材料的自然状态、致密度高等特点。
中国专利CN201010600974.5公开了一种氧化铈氧化铒作为添加剂无压烧结生产高性能氮化硅(Si3N4)陶瓷的方法。其组分及质量百分比含量为:氧化铈3%~7%,氧化铒5%~8%,氮化硅85%~92%。目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种氧化铈氧化铒作为添加剂无压烧结生产高性能氮化硅陶瓷的方法,可广泛用于化工、机械、冶金、航空航天等领域的零部件制备。
中国专利CN201810059357.5一种高性能氮化硅铝基复合材料及其制备方法,它涉及一种高性能氮化硅铝基复合材料及其制备方法。本发明是要解决常规方法增强体添加含量受限的问题。高性能氮化硅铝基复合材料按体积分数由5%~45%Si3N4增强体和55%~95%铝基体制成。方法:一、计算粉体质量并称量;二、粉体球磨混合;三、粉体过筛;四、预压;五、在保护气氛下进行放电等离子体烧结(SPS)。本发明用于制备铝基复合材料。
针对该类耐磨金属喷嘴寿命短的问题,本发明提出采用世界上最硬材料之一的非金属材料氮化硅,通过添加不同元素,利用SPS烧结技术制作喷嘴出口耐磨部分,然后与金属外部壁体连接制成长寿命复合耐磨喷嘴。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的上述问题,本发明提供一种氮化硅陶瓷喷嘴及其制备方法,首先在氮化硅粉体中添加不同种类、不同配比的元素,然后将其作为喷嘴的制作原料,利用SPS烧结技术进行烧结成型,最后和金属外套结合得到用于喷射磨料混合浆的喷嘴。相比于传统金属喷嘴,本发明可提供一种耐磨、韧性好、超长寿命喷嘴及其制备方法,此外还提供了一种喷嘴的安装方法,有效提高了喷嘴耐磨损的性能与缩短了喷嘴的安装时间。
为实现以上目的,本发明采取以下方案:
一种氮化硅陶瓷喷嘴的制备方法,所述氮化硅陶瓷喷嘴的原料组成为:氮化硅亚微米粉料65%~70%,Y2O3亚微米粉料5%~10%,TiC亚微米粉料5%~8%,Al2O3细晶粒粉料3%~5%,Li2CO3亚微米粉料3%~7%,ZrO2亚微米粉料1%~3%,高岭土2%~5%,利用SPS烧结技术进行烧结成型得到。
作为进一步的优选方案,所述的烧结包括配料,球磨,干燥,装模,低温内孔预成型,高温烧结,制品的后处理。
作为进一步的优选方案,所用的原料中氮化硅为ɑ-Si3N4。
作为进一步的优选方案,所用的原料中氮化硅的粒径为0.8µm。
作为进一步的优选方案,所述原料的制备过程为以氮化硅为主原料,加入其他组分,以无水乙醇为溶剂,进行湿式球磨,使粉料混合均匀。
作为进一步的优选方案,球磨时所用的磨料是氮化硅小球。
作为进一步的优选方案,SPS烧结的操作如下:将制备好的粉料装入石墨模具中,粉料与模具内壁用碳纸隔开,放入SPS烧结炉中,两段加石墨电极固定好,抽真空至20Pa以内后,烧结过程中调节上下电极升降保持压力在25MPa,先以2℃/s的速度加热到800℃,保温1min,保持压力随炉冷却20分钟取出,脱去芯模,再次放到SPS烧结炉中,调节上下电极升降保持压力在12.5MPa,以2℃/s的速度加热到1400℃,升温至1200℃时将压力升至35MPa并保持,然后以0.8℃/s的速度加热到1780℃,保温5min进行烧结,然后保持压力并随炉冷却40min后取出,脉冲输出压力范围2~12V,输出电流范围0~5000A。
作为进一步的优选方案,喷嘴内孔的加工采用预成型的方法,预成型所用的芯模材料为模具钢。
本发明还保护上述制备方法制备得到的氮化硅陶瓷喷嘴的安装方法,具体为:采用氮化硅与金属外套的复合成型的方式进行安装,其中,氮化硅与金属外套的复合成型分为四部分:混料腔、氮化硅陶瓷喷嘴、金属套管和调节环;混料腔与金属套管螺纹连接,便于氮化硅陶瓷喷嘴的更换;调节环与金属套管螺纹连接,用于氮化硅陶瓷喷嘴的轴向固定。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:首先在氮化硅粉体中添加不同种类、不同配比的元素,然后将其作为喷嘴的制作原料,利用SPS烧结技术进行烧结成型,最后和金属外套结合得到用于喷射磨料混合浆的喷嘴。通过喷嘴配方的优化,有效提高了喷嘴的耐磨损性能。再进一步对烧结工艺进行优化和改进,使得最终得到的烧结体致密度可达到≥99%,维氏硬度≥1656,弯曲强度≥900MPa,为产业提供了一种耐磨、韧性好、超长寿命的喷嘴。本发明的采用氮化硅与金属外套的复合成型的方式进行安装,更加便于氮化硅陶瓷喷嘴的更换和轴向固定。
附图说明
下面结合附图做进一步说明:
图1和图2是芯模的外型图;
图3和图4是预成型示意图;1、为上压块,2、为芯模,3、为烧结粉料,4、为阴模,5、为下压块;
图5和图6是预成型后继续烧结的示意图;
图7和图8是未经处理的烧结体;
图9和图10是最终制成的喷嘴造型;
图11是氮化硅喷嘴与金属复合成型示意图;
其中,1、金属套管;2、垫圈; 3、混料腔; 4、氮化硅陶瓷喷嘴; 5、调节环;
图12是调节环与金属套管螺纹连接示意图;
图13是金属套管与混料腔螺纹连接示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合具体实施例,对本发明进行清楚、完整地描述。显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例,不构成对本发明的限制。基于本发明中的实施例,任何本领域专业人员根据本发明所做的没有创造性劳动或实质性调整仍属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
①配料:将平均粒径为0.8µm的ɑ-Si3N4、平均粒径为0.8µm的TiC、平均粒径为0.8µm的Y2O3、平均粒径为1µm的Al2O3 、平均粒径为0.8µm的Li2CO3、平均粒径为1µm的ZrO2,以及高岭土按照以下配比称量:ɑ-Si3N4亚微米粉料65%,Y2O3亚微米粉料8%,TiC亚微米粉料5%,Al2O3细晶粒粉料3%,Li2CO3亚微米粉料3%,ZrO2亚微米粉料1%,高岭土2%。
②球磨:利用行星式球磨机球磨。磨球材质为氮化硅,ø10mm磨球和ø5mm磨球的比例为1:5,球磨机的转速为280r/min,正反转每20分钟交替一次,球:料:无水乙醇的比例为4:2:1,球磨时间为10h。
③干燥:球磨后的粉料在烘箱中353K(80℃)恒温烘干5小时。
④装模:将制备好的粉料装入石墨模具中,模具内壁贴有碳纸隔开粉料,防止粉料与模具粘结。装料时粉料装入后在压力机上适当加压,使粉料紧凑。
⑤低温内孔预成型:如图3和4所示,将装有粉料的石墨模具放入SPS烧结炉中,两段加石墨电极固定好,抽真空至20Pa以内后,烧结过程中调节上下电极升降保持压力在25MPa,先以2℃/s的速度加热到800℃,保持压力随炉冷却20分钟取出,脱去芯模。
⑥高温烧结:将芯模脱去后,把上压块换成实心压块,如图5和图6所示,把装有粉料的模具再次放到SPS烧结炉中,调节上下电极升降保持压力在12.5MPa,以2℃/s的速度加热到1400℃,升温至1200℃时将压力升至35MPa并保持。然后以0.8℃/s的速度加热到1780℃,保温5min进行烧结,然后保持压力并随炉冷却40min后取出。脉冲输出压力范围2~12V,输出电流范围0~5000A。
⑦脱模:将模具放入压力机工作台,压力机活塞顶住模具的上压块,下部将模具支撑并将下压块架空,手动施压,直至材料被压出为止,施压过程应将模具用遮蔽物遮挡,防止模具爆裂伤人。
⑧制品的后处理:用金刚石砂轮对烧结体进行磨削,磨削时采用粒度为160/125~80/63,浓度为100%的金属结合剂金刚石砂轮。磨削用量为:砂轮速度V=20~35m/s。
实施例2
①配料:将平均粒径为0.8µm的ɑ-Si3N4、平均粒径为0.8µm的TiC、平均粒径为0.8µm的Y2O3、平均粒径为1µm的Al2O3 、平均粒径为0.8µm的Li2CO3、平均粒径为1µm的ZrO2,以及高岭土按照以下配比称量:ɑ-Si3N4亚微米粉料70%,Y2O3亚微米粉料10%,TiC亚微米粉料8%,Al2O3细晶粒粉料5%,Li2CO3亚微米粉料5%,ZrO2亚微米粉料2%,高岭土4%。
②球磨:利用行星式球磨机球磨。磨球材质为氮化硅,ø10mm磨球和ø5mm磨球的比例为1:5,球磨机的转速为280r/min,正反转每20分钟交替一次,球:料:无水乙醇的比例为4:2:1,球磨时间为10h。
③干燥:球磨后的粉料在烘箱中353K(80℃)恒温烘干5小时。
④装模:将制备好的粉料装入石墨模具中,模具内壁贴有碳纸隔开粉料,防止粉料与模具粘结。装料时粉料装入后在压力机上适当加压,使粉料紧凑。
⑤低温内孔预成型:如图3和4所示,将装有粉料的石墨模具放入SPS烧结炉中,两段加石墨电极固定好,抽真空至20Pa以内后,烧结过程中调节上下电极升降保持压力在25MPa,先以2℃/s的速度加热到800℃,保持压力随炉冷却20分钟取出,脱去芯模。
⑥高温烧结:将芯模脱去后,把上压块换成实心压块,如图5和图6所示,把装有粉料的模具再次放到SPS烧结炉中,调节上下电极升降保持压力在12.5MPa,以2℃/s的速度加热到1400℃,升温至1200℃时将压力升至35MPa并保持。然后以0.8℃/s的速度加热到1780℃,保温5min进行烧结,然后保持压力并随炉冷却40min后取出。脉冲输出压力范围2~12V,输出电流范围0~5000A。
⑦脱模:将模具放入压力机工作台,压力机活塞顶住模具的上压块,下部将模具支撑并将下压块架空,手动施压,直至材料被压出为止,施压过程应将模具用遮蔽物遮挡,防止模具爆裂伤人。
⑧制品的后处理:用金刚石砂轮对烧结体进行磨削,磨削时采用粒度为160/125~80/63,浓度为100%的金属结合剂金刚石砂轮。磨削用量为:砂轮速度V=20~35m/s。
实施例3
①配料:将平均粒径为0.8µm的ɑ-Si3N4、平均粒径为0.8µm的TiC、平均粒径为0.8µm的Y2O3、平均粒径为1µm的Al2O3 、平均粒径为0.8µm的Li2CO3、平均粒径为1µm的ZrO2,以及高岭土按照以下配比称量:ɑ-Si3N4亚微米粉料70%,Y2O3亚微米粉料10%,TiC亚微米粉料8%,Al2O3细晶粒粉料5%,Li2CO3亚微米粉料7%,ZrO2亚微米粉料3%,高岭土5%。
②球磨:利用行星式球磨机球磨。磨球材质为氮化硅,ø10mm磨球和ø5mm磨球的比例为1:5,球磨机的转速为280r/min,正反转每20分钟交替一次,球:料:无水乙醇的比例为4:2:1,球磨时间为10h。
③干燥:球磨后的粉料在烘箱中353K(80℃)恒温烘干5小时。
④装模:将制备好的粉料装入石墨模具中,模具内壁贴有碳纸隔开粉料,防止粉料与模具粘结。装料时粉料装入后在压力机上适当加压,使粉料紧凑。
⑤低温内孔预成型:如图3和4所示,将装有粉料的石墨模具放入SPS烧结炉中,两段加石墨电极固定好,抽真空至20Pa以内后,烧结过程中调节上下电极升降保持压力在25MPa,先以2℃/s的速度加热到800℃,保持压力随炉冷却20分钟取出,脱去芯模。
⑥高温烧结:将芯模脱去后,把上压块换成实心压块,如图5和图6所示,把装有粉料的模具再次放到SPS烧结炉中,调节上下电极升降保持压力在12.5MPa,以2℃/s的速度加热到1400℃,升温至1200℃时将压力升至35MPa并保持。然后以0.8℃/s的速度加热到1780℃,保温5min进行烧结,然后保持压力并随炉冷却40min后取出。脉冲输出压力范围2~12V,输出电流范围0~5000A。
⑦脱模:将模具放入压力机工作台,压力机活塞顶住模具的上压块,下部将模具支撑并将下压块架空,手动施压,直至材料被压出为止,施压过程应将模具用遮蔽物遮挡,防止模具爆裂伤人。
⑧制品的后处理:用金刚石砂轮对烧结体进行磨削,磨削时采用粒度为160/125~80/63,浓度为100%的金属结合剂金刚石砂轮。磨削用量为:砂轮速度V=20~35m/s。
经利用阿基米德排水法计算出样品的烧结体密度,采用压痕法测定制品的的维氏硬度(载荷5 kg),致密度采用“水煮法”测试烧结体的致密度。
上述实施例1-3的制品的烧结体致密度、维氏硬度以及弯曲强度如下表1所示:
表1
上述的氮化硅陶瓷喷嘴的安装方式为:采用氮化硅与金属外套的复合成型的方式进行安装,其中,氮化硅与金属外套的复合成型分为四部分:混料腔、氮化硅陶瓷喷嘴、金属套管和调节环;混料腔与金属套管螺纹连接,便于氮化硅陶瓷喷嘴的更换;调节环与金属套管螺纹连接,用于氮化硅陶瓷喷嘴的轴向固定。
金属管套1与混料腔3螺纹连接,这样设计方便将来更换失效喷嘴4,更换失效喷嘴时只需将金属套管拧下,将喷嘴抽出即可。这样既节省了成本,而且还缩短了更换喷嘴的时间。调节环5与金属套管也采用螺纹连接,其作用是通过调节环在轴向的运动使喷嘴在轴向固定,克服了各别喷嘴轴向尺寸有偏差而不能固定的问题。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、改进、等同替换等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种氮化硅陶瓷喷嘴的制备方法,其特征在于,所述氮化硅陶瓷喷嘴的原料组成为:氮化硅亚微米粉料65%~70%,Y2O3亚微米粉料5%~10%,TiC亚微米粉料5%~8%,Al2O3细晶粒粉料3%~5%,Li2CO3亚微米粉料3%~7%,ZrO2亚微米粉料1%~3%,高岭土2%~5%,利用SPS烧结技术进行烧结成型得到,SPS烧结的操作如下:将制备好的粉料装入石墨模具中,粉料与模具内壁用碳纸隔开,放入SPS烧结炉中,两段加石墨电极固定好,抽真空至20Pa以内后,烧结过程中调节上下电极升降保持压力在25MPa,先以2℃/s的速度加热到800℃,保温1min,保持压力随炉冷却20分钟取出,脱去芯模,再次放到SPS烧结炉中,调节上下电极升降保持压力在12.5MPa,以2℃/s的速度加热到1400℃,升温至1200℃时将压力升至35MPa并保持,然后以0.8℃/s的速度加热到1780℃,保温5min进行烧结,然后保持压力并随炉冷却40min后取出,脉冲输出压力范围2~12V,输出电流范围0~5000A。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,预成型所用的芯模材料为模具钢。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所用的原料中氮化硅为ɑ-Si3N4。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所用的原料中氮化硅的粒径为0.8µm,以氮化硅为主原料,加入其他组分,以无水乙醇为溶剂,进行湿式球磨,使粉料混合均匀。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,球磨时所用的磨料是氮化硅小球。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的制备方法制备得到的氮化硅陶瓷喷嘴。
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