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CN109047309A - A method of improving ramie cadmium concentration coefficient and transhipment coefficient - Google Patents

A method of improving ramie cadmium concentration coefficient and transhipment coefficient Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109047309A
CN109047309A CN201811003842.7A CN201811003842A CN109047309A CN 109047309 A CN109047309 A CN 109047309A CN 201811003842 A CN201811003842 A CN 201811003842A CN 109047309 A CN109047309 A CN 109047309A
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ramie
cadmium
coefficient
content
feeding
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揭雨成
揭红东
戴晓燕
邢虎成
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Hunan Agricultural University
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Hunan Agricultural University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09CRECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/10Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
    • B09C1/105Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09CRECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C2101/00In situ

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种改善苎麻镉富集系数和转运系数的方法,所述方法为:在镉污染土壤中种植饲用苎麻时,于株高60cm时收获饲用苎麻;在镉污染土壤中种植纤用苎麻时,于纤维成熟期收获纤用苎麻。株高60cm时收获饲用苎麻,苎麻的镉富集系数和转运系数较小,苎麻的镉含量低,苎麻地下部向地上部转运能力较低;而在纤维工艺成熟期收获纤用苎麻,苎麻富集系数和转运系数均被提高,苎麻的镉含量高,苎麻地下部向地上部转运能力提高,有利于苎麻纤维用模式从土壤中富集更多的镉、有利于苎麻地下部向地上部转运更多的镉,从而提高苎麻修复镉污染土壤的效率。The invention discloses a method for improving the cadmium enrichment coefficient and transfer coefficient of ramie. The method comprises: when planting ramie for feed in cadmium-contaminated soil, harvesting ramie for feed when the plant height is 60 cm; planting ramie for feed in cadmium-contaminated soil When ramie is used for fiber, the ramie for fiber is harvested at the fiber maturity stage. Ramie for feed is harvested when the plant height is 60cm. The cadmium enrichment coefficient and transfer coefficient of ramie are small, the cadmium content of ramie is low, and the transfer ability from the underground part to the aerial part of ramie is low; Both the enrichment coefficient and the transfer coefficient are increased, the cadmium content of ramie is high, and the transfer ability from the underground part of ramie to the aboveground part is improved, which is conducive to the enrichment of more cadmium from the soil by the ramie fiber pattern, and is beneficial to the ramie underground part to the aboveground part. Transport more cadmium, thereby improving the efficiency of ramie in remediating cadmium-contaminated soil.

Description

A method of improving ramie cadmium concentration coefficient and transhipment coefficient
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of biotechnology, and in particular to a kind of side for improving ramie cadmium concentration coefficient and transporting coefficient Method.
Background technique
In recent years, the fast development of phytoremediation technology illustrates the road of a new hope, has caused international soil, plant The great attention of the great interest and government department of object nutrition and environmental science circle is expected to become one with before wide application The brand new technical of the improvement heavy metal pollution of soil of scape.Phytoremediation technology (phytoremediation) is planted using super enrichment Object (hyperaccumulator) removes heavy metal contaminants from contaminated surrounding medium or reduces heavy metal pollution risk A kind of new technology.
The heavy metal that plant absorbs from deposit, is enriched with can reflect plant to heavy metal accumulation with concentration coefficient The height of degree or the power of accumulation ability.The constituent content and phase in soil that heavy metal accumulation coefficient refers to a certain position of plant The ratio between constituent content is answered, it reflects deposit to a certain extent -- the complexity of migration of element, explanation in botanical system Heavy metal is in the intracorporal enrichment condition of plant.Heavy metal accumulation coefficient=plant in-vivo heavy metal content/soil (or deposit) Middle content of beary metal × 100% indicates the object in the concentration and its environment survived of certain interior element of organism or compound The ratio of the concentration of matter.Mining area major part sampled point ramie is greater than 1 to the transhipment coefficient of Cd, Pb, As, Sb, illustrates that ramie can be with Extract the soil for repairing these types of heavy metal pollution.The siam falsenettle herb sample analysis discovery that Lai Faying etc. acquires contaminated area, wild ramie Fiber crops are preferable to the absorption of Cd, concentration coefficient 3.08, therefore she thinks that ramie is that slight, intermediate pollution area one kind is more satisfactory Reparation economic plants.It takes off rain and selects 34 ramee varieties to be planted in the village the Feng Li cadmium pollution agriculture of the Hunan Province Anhua County town Yan Xi at equal Tanaka's (soil cadmium content is 10.6179mg/kg), research in 3 years by a definite date has been carried out to ramie to cadmium concentration coefficient.Except long husky of common dye Outside Jing Zi, the ramee variety of all measurements, ground, underground part concentration coefficient are all larger than 1, illustrate that ramie has certain richness to cadmium Collection ability, although ramie in-vivo heavy metal content is not high, considerable biomass shows ramie centainly to various heavy Accumulation ability.
Ramie is usually there are two types of purposes, and feed is used and fiber is used, and uses ramie maturity period cadmium concentration coefficient at present with research is fine Based on transhipment coefficient, the cadmium concentration coefficient and transhipment coefficient of feeding ramie are seldom studied.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention is intended to provide a kind of side for improving ramie cadmium concentration coefficient and transporting coefficient Method can make the concentration coefficient of feeding ramie and transhipment coefficient smaller, and fibre is larger with the concentration coefficient and transhipment coefficient of ramie.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A method of improving ramie cadmium concentration coefficient and transhipment coefficient, the method are as follows: plant in cadmium pollution soil When feeding ramie, feeding ramie is harvested when plant height 60cm;When planting fibre with ramie in cadmium pollution soil, in the fiber maturation phase Harvest fibre uses ramie.
Further, for the measuring method of the feeding ramie and the fine concentration coefficient with ramie that are harvested are as follows:
1) the feeding ramie and the fine Cd constituent content in ramie that measurement is harvested according to the following procedure:
1.1) 0.5000g-1.0000g ramie sample is weighed in 100ml triangular flask on demand;
1.2) add 15ml nitric acid-perchloric acid solution into triangular flask, stand overnight, disappear on electric hot plate and boil, emitted to brown cigarette To the greatest extent, cooling is removed;
1.3) it filters, is settled to 25ml volumetric flask, filtered with middling speed quantitative filter paper, take 10ml to be transferred in centrifuge tube, obtain To prepare liquid;
1.4) Cd content aas determination in prepare liquid;
2) the Cd constituent content of the cadmium pollution soil is measured according to the following procedure:
2.1) 0.5000g-1.0000g pedotheque is weighed in 100ml triangular flask on demand;
2.2) pedotheque is moistened with deionized water, adds 15m chloroazotic acid-perchloric acid solution, stands overnight, on electric hot plate Disappear and boil, is emitted to the greatest extent to brown cigarette, remove cooling;
2.3) it filters, is settled to 25ml volumetric flask, filtered with middling speed quantitative filter paper, take 10ml to be transferred in centrifuge tube, obtain To prepare liquid;
2.4) Cd content aas determination in prepare liquid;
3) cadmium of corresponding ramie sample is finally calculated according to the Cd content of the Cd content of pedotheque and ramie sample Concentration coefficient:
Feeding ramie concentration coefficient=feeding ramie sample cadmium content/pedotheque cadmium content;
Fibre ramie concentration coefficient=fibre ramie sample cadmium content/pedotheque cadmium content.
Further, in step 1.1), the volume ratio of nitric acid and perchloric acid is 3:1 in the nitric acid-perchloric acid solution.
Further, it in step 1.2), if after brown cigarette emits to the greatest extent, solution still has yellow not digest completely, is added 3ml-5ml perchloric acid, continue to disappear boil to color sample bleach solution it is closely dry until.
Further, in step 2.1), the volume ratio of chloroazotic acid and perchloric acid is 3:1 in the chloroazotic acid-perchloric acid solution.
Further, for the measuring method of the feeding ramie and the fine transhipment coefficient with ramie that are harvested are as follows:
1) to the overground part cadmium content of feeding ramie and underground part cadmium content, fine overground part cadmium content and underground with ramie Portion's cadmium content is measured, and continuous mode is equal are as follows:
1.1) 0.5000g-1.0000g ramie sample is weighed in 100ml triangular flask on demand;
1.2) add 15ml nitric acid-perchloric acid solution into triangular flask, stand overnight, disappear on electric hot plate and boil, emitted to brown cigarette To the greatest extent, cooling is removed;
1.3) it filters, is settled to 25ml volumetric flask, filtered with middling speed quantitative filter paper, 10ml is taken to be transferred in centrifuge tube, to It surveys;
1.4) Cd content aas determination in prepare liquid;
2) contained according to the overground part cadmium content of the feeding ramie of measurement and underground part cadmium content, fibre with the overground part cadmium of ramie Amount and underground part cadmium content calculate the feeding ramie harvested and the fine transhipment coefficient for using ramie:
Feeding ramie transfer coefficient=feeding ramie overground part cadmium content/feeding ramie underground part cadmium content;
Fine ramie transfer coefficient=fibre ramie aerial part cadmium content/fibre ramie underground part cadmium content.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: it was proved that, when planting ramie in the farmland of heavy metal cadmium, strain Feeding ramie is harvested when high 60cm, the cadmium concentration coefficient and transhipment coefficient of ramie are smaller, and the cadmium content of ramie is low, ramie underground part It is lower to overground part turn-over capacity, be conducive to the control of feeding ramie aerial part cadmium content and not exceeded;And in fibre technology Maturity period harvest is fine to use ramie, and ramie concentration coefficient and transhipment coefficient are enhanced, and the cadmium content of ramie is high, ramie underground part to Overground part turn-over capacity improves, since cadmium content can be separated in fiber degumming and process without entering environment, Be conducive to ramee and be enriched with that more cadmiums, to be conducive to ramie underground part more to overground part transhipment from soil with mode Cadmium, to improve the efficiency of ramie cadmium pollution soil repair.
The present invention is highly important using having to China ramie restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal and multifunctional safe is pushed Realistic meaning.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below, it should be noted that before following embodiment is with the technical program It mentions, the detailed implementation method and specific operation process are given, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the present embodiment.
The present embodiment provides it is a kind of improvement ramie cadmium concentration coefficient and transport coefficient method, specifically: cadmium pollution soil When planting feeding ramie in earth, ramie is harvested when plant height 60cm;Planted in cadmium pollution soil it is fine when using ramie, in fiber at Ripe phase harvest fibre uses ramie.
It is further described below by way of performance of the experimental data to the method for the present embodiment.
1, experimental material and research method
1.1, experimental field overview
It tests and was carried out in 2016 in Liuyang Yonghe County town.Yonghe County town belongs to continental season of the middle subtropical zone to north subtropical transition Wind moist climate region.It makes a clear distinction between the four seasons, hydro-thermal is sufficient, algid stage is short, the hot phase is long, rainy season is obvious, summer and autumn mostly drought, improvements are more early. 16.8 DEG C of temperature on average over the years.Neighbouring Qibaoshan Iron mine abounds with lead, iron, borax, green alum, blue stone, native sulphur, alkali stone etc. in history " Sapporo " and gain the name.
1.2, material
Test material is 16 Ramie Germplasms.Experimental material comes from Agricultural University Of Hunan's Ramie Germplasms resource garden.Germplasm name It is shown in Table 1.
1 germ plasm resource register of table
1.3, experimental method
Germ plasm resource of participating in the experiment is in cuttage seeding on June 1 plantation in 2016 in Liuyang City of Hunan Province Yonghe County town village Jia Cheng heavy metal Pollution amelioration base, random district's groups arrangement, 3 repetitions, each 10 row of cell, every 4 root and stem of certain plants of row, the row root and stem of certain plants is away from 0.63m × 0.5m.Total face 3.0 mu of plot areas of product, soil pH value 5.85, field planting management are carried out by crop field conventional measure.The Cd content in experimental plot Basic data be 3.94mg/kg.Belong to contaminated conventional farming crop field.
1.3.1 measurement item
1) biological yield and its correlated traits measurement
Broken bar fiber crops are harvested within September 1 day, later, are divided into two pieces of fields, area is 1.5 mu.Wherein, one piece of feeding field of harvest, When most of germ plasm resource plant height 60cm or so, the gross dry weight of its cell overground part and underground part is measured.Another piece fine for harvest It ties up field and measures the biological yield of its cell overground part and underground part on November 2nd, 2016 after plantation 2 months.
2) heavy metal Cd assay
Cd element uses nitric acid-perchloric acid wet digestion method in plant sample, and Cd element uses the high chlorine of chloroazotic acid-in pedotheque Acid disappears cooking method, Cd content aas determination in prepare liquid.
Plant sample resolution: digestion procedure is nitric acid-perchloric acid wet digestion method resolution.0.5000g- is weighed on demand For 1.0000g plant sample in 100ml triangular flask, each sample sets three Duplicate Samples, adds 15ml nitric acid-perchloric acid solution (3:1), It stands overnight, (140-200 heats up by hour) disappears and boil on electric hot plate, emits to the greatest extent to brown cigarette, cooling is removed, as solution still has yellow not Digestion residual completely, is added 3-5ml perchloric acid, continue to disappear boil to color sample bleach solution it is closely dry until.Remove cooling, mistake Filter, is settled to 25ml volumetric flask, is filtered with middling speed quantitative filter paper, 10ml is taken to be transferred in centrifuge tube, to be measured.
Pedotheque resolution: digestion procedure is chloroazotic acid-perchloric acid electric heating plate method.0.5000g- is weighed on demand For 1.0000g soil sample in 100ml triangular flask, each sample sets three Duplicate Samples.Sample is moistened with a small amount of deionized water, is added 15ml chloroazotic acid-perchloric acid solution (3:1), other steps and plant sample disappear boil it is identical, it is to be measured.
Concentration coefficient and transhipment coefficient: it is calculated according to the content of beary metal of aboveground vegetation part and under ground portion:
Plant above ground portion content of beary metal=overground part total metals/overground part dry weight;
Overground part total metals=overground part dry weight × overground part content of beary metal;
Concentration coefficient and transhipment coefficient: it is calculated according to the content of beary metal of aboveground vegetation part and under ground portion:
Concentration coefficient (BCF)=plant in-vivo heavy metal content/heavy metal in soil content;
Transport coefficient (TF)=aboveground vegetation part content of beary metal/underground part content of beary metal.
3) sample preparation
(1) pedotheque: according to position and area, each cell fixed point takes a pedotheque, is acquired and is ploughed with soil sampler It is native (0~20cm) to make layer.It is uniformly mixed, is reduced to 1kg or so with quartering and air-dries, remove wherein chad and plant etc., pulverize, It mixes, after sieving with 100 mesh sieve, is packed into paper bag, it is to be measured.
(2) plant sample: ramie aerial part and under ground portion are separately acquired, and remove impurity, carefully clear with tap water The underground part and its stem, leaf for washing ramie plant, are then cleaned with distilled water again, and sieve is used in 105 DEG C of water-removing 30min, 65 DEG C of drying The pulverizer (DF-25 great virtue continuous dosing pulverizer) that aperture is 0.2mm crushes, and is packed into paper bag, to be measured.
1.4, data statistics and analysis
Data are counted using Excel.Applied statistics analyzes software DPS (7.0).As a result with average ± standard deviation and significantly Property analysis indicate.
2, result and analysis
2.1, different harvest time Ramie Germplasms resource cadmium concentration coefficients
Concentration coefficient refers to the ratio of plant cadmium content Yu soil cadmium content, and reflection is adsorption energy of the plant to heavy metal Power.
As shown in table 2,16 Ramie Germplasms resources, when 60cm harvests feed, concentration coefficient is between 0.27-0.75. Average value is 0.535.
As shown in Table 2,16 Ramie Germplasms resources, when the fiber maturation phase harvesting fiber, concentration coefficient is in 0.52-1.06 Between.Average value is 0.804.
It is shown by table 2, the fiber maturation phase (harvest fiber) increases compared with the concentration coefficient of plant height 60cm (harvest feed) 50.28%
The different harvest time Ramie Germplasms resource cadmium concentration coefficients of table 2
The cadmium of 2.2 different harvest time Ramie Germplasms resources transports coefficient
Transhipment coefficient refers to the ratio of overground part cadmium content Yu underground part cadmium content, and reflection is heavy metal by below Portion is migrated to the ability of overground part.
As shown in table 3,16 Ramie Germplasms resources when 60cm harvests feed, transport coefficient between 0.33-1.17.It is flat Mean value is 0.634.
As shown in Table 3,16 Ramie Germplasms resources, the fiber maturation phase harvest fiber when, transhipment coefficient 0.55-1.48 it Between.Average value is 0.803.
It is shown by table 3, the fiber maturation phase (harvest fiber) increases compared with the transhipment coefficient of plant height 60cm (harvest feed) 26.656%.
The different harvest time Ramie Germplasms resource cadmiums of table 3 transport coefficient
For those skilled in the art, it can be provided various corresponding according to above technical solution and design Change and modification, and all these change and modification, should be construed as being included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of method for improving ramie cadmium concentration coefficient and transporting coefficient, which is characterized in that the method are as follows: in cadmium pollution soil When planting feeding ramie in earth, feeding ramie is harvested when plant height 60cm;When planting fibre with ramie in cadmium pollution soil, in fibre Dimension maturity period harvest fibre uses ramie.
2. the method according to claim 1 for improving ramie cadmium concentration coefficient and transporting coefficient, which is characterized in that for institute The measuring method of the feeding ramie of harvest and the fine concentration coefficient with ramie are as follows:
1) the feeding ramie and the fine Cd constituent content in ramie that measurement is harvested according to the following procedure:
1.1) 0.5000g-1.0000g ramie sample is weighed in 100ml triangular flask on demand;
1.2) add 15ml nitric acid-perchloric acid solution into triangular flask, stand overnight, disappear on electric hot plate and boil, emit to the greatest extent, take to brown cigarette Lower cooling;
1.3) filter, be settled to 25ml volumetric flask, with middling speed quantitative filter paper filter, take 10ml to be transferred in centrifuge tube, obtain to Survey liquid;
1.4) Cd content aas determination in prepare liquid;
2) the Cd constituent content of the cadmium pollution soil is measured according to the following procedure:
2.1) 0.5000g-1.0000g pedotheque is weighed in 100ml triangular flask on demand;
2.2) pedotheque is moistened with deionized water, adds 15m chloroazotic acid-perchloric acid solution, stands overnight, disappear on electric hot plate It boils, is emitted to the greatest extent to brown cigarette, remove cooling;
2.3) filter, be settled to 25ml volumetric flask, with middling speed quantitative filter paper filter, take 10ml to be transferred in centrifuge tube, obtain to Survey liquid;
2.4) Cd content aas determination in prepare liquid;
3) it is finally enriched with according to the cadmium that corresponding ramie sample is calculated in the Cd content of the Cd content of pedotheque and ramie sample Coefficient:
Feeding ramie concentration coefficient=feeding ramie sample cadmium content/pedotheque cadmium content;
Fibre ramie concentration coefficient=fibre ramie sample cadmium content/pedotheque cadmium content.
3. the method according to claim 2 for improving ramie cadmium concentration coefficient and transporting coefficient, which is characterized in that step 1.1) in, the volume ratio of nitric acid and perchloric acid is 3:1 in the nitric acid-perchloric acid solution.
4. the method according to claim 2 for improving ramie cadmium concentration coefficient and transporting coefficient, which is characterized in that step 1.2) in, if after brown cigarette emits to the greatest extent, solution still has yellow not digest completely, 3ml-5ml perchloric acid is added, continues to disappear and boil to sample Product color bleach solution it is closely dry until.
5. the method according to claim 2 for improving ramie cadmium concentration coefficient and transporting coefficient, which is characterized in that step 2.1) in, the volume ratio of chloroazotic acid and perchloric acid is 3:1 in the chloroazotic acid-perchloric acid solution.
6. the method according to claim 1 for improving ramie cadmium concentration coefficient and transporting coefficient, which is characterized in that for institute The measuring method of the feeding ramie of harvest and the fine transhipment coefficient with ramie are as follows:
1) to the overground part cadmium content of feeding ramie and underground part cadmium content, the fine overground part cadmium content and underground part cadmium for using ramie Content is measured, and continuous mode is equal are as follows:
1.1) 0.5000g-1.0000g ramie sample is weighed in 100ml triangular flask on demand;
1.2) add 15ml nitric acid-perchloric acid solution into triangular flask, stand overnight, disappear on electric hot plate and boil, emit to the greatest extent, take to brown cigarette Lower cooling;
1.3) it filters, is settled to 25ml volumetric flask, filtered with middling speed quantitative filter paper, 10ml is taken to be transferred in centrifuge tube, it is to be measured;
1.4) Cd content aas determination in prepare liquid;
2) according to the overground part cadmium content of the feeding ramie of measurement and underground part cadmium content, fine overground part cadmium content with ramie and Underground part cadmium content calculates the feeding ramie harvested and the fine transhipment coefficient for using ramie:
Feeding ramie transfer coefficient=feeding ramie overground part cadmium content/feeding ramie underground part cadmium content;
Fine ramie transfer coefficient=fibre ramie aerial part cadmium content/fibre ramie underground part cadmium content.
CN201811003842.7A 2018-08-30 2018-08-30 A method of improving ramie cadmium concentration coefficient and transhipment coefficient Pending CN109047309A (en)

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Application publication date: 20181221