CN109047297B - Household garbage centralized sorting system and sorting process - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a centralized sorting system for domestic waste and a sorting process. The sorting system includes a first-level inorganic inert waste sorting system, a second-level kitchen waste sorting system and a third-level dry waste sorting system. The first-level The inorganic inert sorting system is used to screen domestic waste and separate inorganic inert waste. The secondary food waste sorting system is used to screen the domestic waste after separating the inorganic inert waste and sort out the organic and corrosive waste. , the three-stage dry waste sorting system is used to screen domestic waste after separating organic and corrosive waste, and separate recyclables. Through the cooperation of the multi-stage sorting system, domestic waste can be divided into three categories: inorganic inert waste, organic perishable waste and recyclables, which can greatly improve the sorting effect and the recycling rate of renewable resources in domestic waste.

Description

Domestic waste centralized sorting system and sorting process

Technical field

The present invention relates to the technical field of garbage treatment, and specifically to a centralized sorting system for domestic garbage and a sorting process.

Background technique

At present, domestic waste is sorted into five major categories: combustibles, organic matter, landfills, TV lamps and other hazardous wastes, and recyclables. Among them, combustible materials are burned to generate electricity, organic matter is anaerobically digested to produce biogas and humus, landfills and hazardous wastes such as TV lamps are separately landfilled and disposed, and the remaining recyclables are sold or reused.

The inventor found in his research that there are at least the following shortcomings in the traditional domestic waste treatment process:

First, domestic waste is divided into five categories: combustibles, organic matter, landfills, TV lamps and other hazardous wastes, and recyclables. The classification of this technology is relatively precise and has high classification requirements. However, the source classification of domestic waste in China is still in its infancy. Domestic waste is basically mixed waste with very complex components. The category requirements for front-end mechanical sorting are too high, which leads to increased sorting costs. The sorting effect is greatly reduced, and a lot of sorted garbage is still mixed garbage;

Secondly, incineration power generation is expensive, the scope of use is greatly limited, and it is difficult to promote;

Third, direct combustion is a serious waste of resources on the one hand, and on the other hand creates a lot of difficult-to-treat flue gas and fly ash, which requires additional costs for flue gas purification. The purification effect is often poor and the NIMBY effect is significant;

Fourth, the anaerobic digestion of the sorted organic matter requires a large area, the malodorous gases (NH ₃ and H ₂ S, etc.) are difficult to control, the cost of sewage treatment is high, and the added value of the final product humus soil is low.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a centralized sorting system for domestic waste to improve the traditional problems of complicated classification of domestic waste, high processing costs, and low added value of the final product.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a centralized sorting process for domestic waste to improve the traditional problems of complicated classification of domestic waste, high processing costs, and low added value of the final product.

The embodiment of the present invention is implemented as follows:

Based on the above objectives, the present invention provides a centralized sorting system for domestic waste. The sorting system includes:

A first-level inorganic inert waste sorting system, a second-level kitchen waste sorting system and a third-level dry waste sorting system. The first-level inorganic inert sorting system is used to screen the domestic waste and separate the inorganic inert waste, The secondary kitchen waste sorting system is used to screen the domestic waste after separating the inorganic inert waste, and sort out the organic corrosive waste, and the third-level dry waste sorting system is used to separate the The domestic waste after removing the organic corrosive waste is screened to separate the recyclables.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the primary inorganic inert sorting system includes wind jigging equipment.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the secondary food waste sorting system includes a conveying mechanism for spreading the domestic waste, and the input end of the conveying mechanism is docked with the primary inorganic inert The discharge port of the sorting system and the output end of the conveying mechanism are connected to the feed port of the three-stage dry garbage sorting system.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the three-stage dry garbage sorting system includes gravity and wind sorting equipment and a drum screen sorting equipment. The gravity and wind sorting equipment includes a casing and a fan. The casing The body is provided with an inlet and a plurality of outlets. The fan is installed on the casing. The domestic garbage falls from the inlet and falls into different outlets under the action of the wind force of the fan. In the material port; one of the material outlets is connected to the feed port of the trommel screen sorting equipment.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the outlet includes a first outlet, a second outlet and a third outlet, and the first outlet and the second outlet are arranged vertically. , and the first discharge port is arranged close to the feed port, and the third discharge port is set horizontally; the third discharge port is docked with the feed port of the trommel screen sorting equipment.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the trommel screen sorting equipment includes a support, a trommel screen body and a driving mechanism. The trommel screen body is arranged at an angle, and the trommel screen body is provided with a plurality of sieve holes. The main body is rotatably arranged on the support, and the driving mechanism is drivingly connected to the trommel screen body and is used to drive the trommel screen body to rotate.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the trommel screen body is provided with a first blanking section, a second blanking section, a third blanking section and a fourth blanking section along its length direction, and the first blanking section The material section is arranged close to the feed opening of the drum screen body; the screen aperture of the first blanking section, the screen aperture of the second blanking section, the screen aperture of the third blanking section, and The sieve hole diameter in the fourth blanking interval gradually increases.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the centralized household waste sorting system also includes a factory building, the first-level inorganic inert waste sorting system, the second-level food waste sorting system and the third-level dry waste sorting system. All are located in the factory building.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an exhaust gas purification system is provided in the factory building.

Based on the above second purpose, embodiments of the present invention also provide a centralized sorting process for domestic waste. The sorting process is as follows:

Domestic garbage is collected at the garbage dumping point without compression, and the domestic garbage is sorted and collected. After sorting, inorganic inert garbage, organic corrosive garbage and recyclables are obtained.

The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention are:

To sum up, embodiments of the present invention provide a centralized sorting system for domestic waste. Through the cooperation of a multi-stage sorting system, domestic waste can be divided into three categories: inorganic inert waste, organic perishable waste and recyclables. Large categories can greatly improve the sorting effect and the recycling rate of renewable resources in domestic waste.

Description of the drawings

In order to explain the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and therefore do not It should be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without exerting creative efforts.

Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart of a centralized domestic waste sorting system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the sorting system of the centralized domestic waste classification and processing system according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the trommel screen of the sorting system according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the gravity and wind power equipment of the sorting system according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a biological-microbial digestion treatment system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the biological-microbial digestion treatment system according to the embodiment of the present invention from another perspective.

Icon: 001-factory building; 100-wind jig equipment; 200-conveyor belt; 300-gravity and wind sorting equipment; 310-feed port; 320-first discharge port; 330-second discharge port; 340 - The third discharge port; 350 - fan; 400 - drum screen sorting equipment; 410 - drum screen body; 411 - screen hole; 412 - first blanking section; 413 - second blanking section; 414 - third Blanking section; 415 - the fourth blanking section; 420 - carrying roller; 430 - motor; 440 - ring gear; 450 - gear; 600 - atomization spray component; 700 - black soldier fly breeding workshop; 710 - breeding plant Body; 711-enclosure; 712-ceiling; 720-breeding rack; 721-bottom load-bearing frame; 722-vertical divider; 723-load divider; 7231-first side; 7232-second side; 7233-sliding Rail; 7234-roller; 7235-limiting part; 724-vertical storage channel; 725-breeding grid; 730-black soldier fly breeding box; 740-loading and unloading unit; 741-main frame; 742-bearing platform; 743 -Lifting mechanism; 744-Pushing mechanism; 750-First purification unit; 751-Water curtain; 752-Tank; 753-Anion photocatalyst lamp; 760-Second purification unit; 770-Third purification unit; 771-Gas collection tank ; 772 - wind ball; 780 - base; 790 - aisle; 800 - aerobic compost tank.

Detailed ways

At present, the classification of domestic waste is detailed, the cost is high, and the sorting effect is poor. Most of the sorted waste is still mixed waste, which is inconvenient to handle, reduces the recycling rate, and the added value of the final product is low.

In view of this, the inventor has designed a centralized sorting system for domestic waste. Through the cooperation of the multi-stage sorting system, domestic waste can be divided into three categories: inorganic inert waste, organic perishable waste and recyclables. Greatly improve the sorting effect and the recycling rate of renewable resources in domestic waste.

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments These are some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations.

Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the appended drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but rather to represent selected embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following figures, therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need further definition and explanation in subsequent figures.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the The orientation or positional relationship in which the invented product is customarily placed during use is only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore It should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish descriptions and shall not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stated and limited, the terms "setting", "installation" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection or a removable connection. Detachable connection, or integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood on a case-by-case basis.

It should be noted that, as long as there is no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

Example

This embodiment provides a centralized domestic waste classification and processing process. Please refer to Figure 1. The process includes the following steps:

Step S100: Sort the domestic garbage, and obtain inorganic inert garbage, organic corrosive garbage and recyclables after sorting.

Please refer to Figure 2. In this embodiment, optionally, when sorting domestic waste, the garbage is collected first, and the garbage is collected from the garbage putting point. The garbage transport vehicle can be used to collect and concentrate the garbage at the garbage putting point. Transport to a preset sorting location, such as nearby sorting plant 001. The garbage is collected and transported to factory building 001 for sorting. The garbage is processed in a centralized manner. During the collection and transportation of domestic waste, domestic waste is collected and transported directly to the sorting location. Domestic waste is not compressed. Compared with the traditional compression process after collection, it reduces the time for organic waste to accumulate and deteriorate, and can reduce cross-fertilization. It reduces pollution and back-end sorting pressure, and reduces the difficulty of sorting domestic waste, improves the accuracy of sorting, and is conducive to the classification and resource utilization of the back-end of domestic waste.

After the domestic waste is transported to the sorting location, the domestic waste is sorted. The sorting system includes a first-level inorganic inert waste sorting system, a second-level kitchen waste sorting system and a third-level dry waste sorting system. The multi-stage sorting system works together to achieve high garbage sorting efficiency and high sorting accuracy.

Optionally, the first-level inorganic inert waste sorting system includes a wind jig device 100. Domestic waste is placed in the wind jig device 100. The wind jig device 100 is used to layer the domestic waste according to density. The domestic waste located in the lower layer is The density of domestic waste is high, and the density of domestic waste gradually decreases as you go up. The domestic waste located in the lower layer is inorganic inert waste, such as dust, sand and gravel, etc., and the inorganic inert waste is separated from other domestic waste through the first-level inorganic inert waste sorting process. Later, the inorganic inert waste can be directly transported to the landfill for burial, or the recyclables in the inorganic inert waste can be screened out through manual screening to improve resource utilization.

Please refer to Figure 2. After one sorting by the first-level inorganic inert waste sorting system, most of the inorganic inert waste is separated, and the remaining domestic waste is transported through a transmission mechanism. The transmission mechanism can be but is not limited to the conveyor belt 200. The conveyor belt 200 is used for transmission, and the operation is smooth and reliable. The domestic garbage is spread on the conveyor belt 200. At the same time, the domestic garbage on the conveyor belt 200 is manually sorted. This sorting process is the organic and corrosive garbage. Sorting, in this sorting process, organic and corrosive waste from domestic waste is screened out.

During the specific operation, sorting staff can be arranged on both sides of the conveyor belt 200. The sorting staff mainly manually breaks the bags to expose the domestic waste in the bags, and then selects organic and corrosive waste such as food and kitchen waste in the domestic waste. , and placed in the storage part, which may be a storage tube, a storage box, etc. provided near the conveyor belt 200 . Sort organic corrosion waste into storage units for centralized storage to facilitate subsequent transportation and processing. At the same time, the remaining domestic waste is directly placed on the conveyor belt 200 and continues to be transported by the conveyor belt 200 to transport the domestic waste to the three-level dry waste sorting system.

In this embodiment, the three-stage dry garbage sorting system includes gravity and wind sorting equipment 300 and drum screening equipment 400. Please refer to Figure 4. After the organic corrosive garbage is sorted, the domestic garbage located on the conveyor belt 200 directly enters the gravity and wind sorting equipment 300 under the conveying action of the conveyor belt 200, including a casing, and the casing is provided with an inlet. At the discharging port 310, domestic waste is dispersed under the action of wind, and falls at different discharging ports under the action of gravity, and is transported out from different discharging ports. Optionally, the housing is provided with a first discharge port 320, a second discharge port 330 and a third discharge port 340. The first discharge port 320 and the second discharge port 330 are arranged vertically. The port 320 is set close to the feed port, and the third discharge port 340 is set horizontally. A fan 350 is installed on the side of the feed port. After the fan 350 is started, the light domestic waste will travel a distance under the action of the wind. Farther away, from the third discharge port 340, the heavy domestic waste falls from the first discharge port 320, and the medium and heavy domestic waste falls from the second discharge port 330. The weight of the medium and heavy domestic waste is medium. Between light waste and heavy waste. Among them, medium-heavy and heavy waste are mostly metal iron blocks and larger pieces of wood. They can be collected centrally and transported directly to the landfill for burial, or they can be manually sorted again to separate the recyclables. Screen it out and bury the remaining waste.

Further, the light garbage falls from the third discharge port 340 under the action of wind, and enters the drum screening equipment 400 for subdivision and screening. Please refer to Figure 3. The drum screen sorting equipment 400 includes a drum screen body 410. The drum screen body 410 is tilted and rotates around its own axis under the drive of a motor 430. It should be noted that the inclination angle of the trommel screen body 410 is 15 degrees to 25 degrees. For example, the tilt angle may be, but is not limited to, 15 degrees, 20 degrees or 25 degrees. The trommel screen body 410 is generally cylindrical, with two ends of the trommel screen body 410 open, and a multi-stage screen hole 411 is provided on the peripheral wall of the trommel screen body 410 . Optionally, the screen holes 411 are provided with four blanking sections, and the screen holes 411 of the four blanking sections are arranged in sequence from the feed opening to the discharge opening of the drum screen body 410, where the feed opening is relatively large. The opening on the high side, obviously, the other opening is the discharge port. Close to the feed opening is the first blanking section 412, followed by the second blanking section 413, the third blanking section 414 and the fourth blanking section 415. The pore diameter of the sieve hole 411 of the first blanking section 412 is 0mm-13mm. Fine plastic, foam, dust, gravel, etc. can fall from the first blanking section 412. The pore diameter of the sieve hole 411 of the second blanking section 413 is 13mm. -50mm. Unscreened organic corrosive garbage, food waste, fruits and vegetables fall from the second blanking section 413. The aperture of the sieve hole 411 of the third blanking section 414 is 50mm-200mm. Tetra Pak, Mineral water bottles, paper sheets, etc. fall from the third blanking section 414. The aperture of the discharge port is not less than 200mm, that is, the discharge port is the fourth blanking section 415. Objects larger than 200mm are discharged from the discharge port.

When necessary, the mesh holes 411 may be circular holes, square holes, etc. The diameter and length of the trommel screen, the rotation speed of the trommel screen and the conveying speed of domestic waste on the conveyor belt 200 are all adjusted as needed. In other embodiments, the diameter of the trommel screen can be 1000mm, the length can be 3000mm, the rotation speed of the trommel screen can be (8-12) r/min, and the transmission speed of the conveyor belt 200 can be (0.15-0.3) m/s. .

It should be understood that in order to facilitate the installation of the trommel screen body 410, the trommel screen sorting equipment 400 also includes a support. Two sets of bearing rollers 420 are installed on the stand. The trommel screen body 410 is rollingly mounted on the two sets of bearing rollers 420. On the roller The screen body 410 is provided with a ring gear 440, and the motor 430 is installed on the support. A gear 450 is installed on the output shaft of the motor 430. The gear 450 meshes with the ring gear 440, thereby driving the trommel screen body 410 to rotate.

Obviously, in order to improve the accuracy of garbage sorting and improve the utilization rate of garbage, the garbage after drum screening can be manually purified again to separate recyclables, organic corrosive garbage and inorganic inert garbage.

In the multi-stage sorting method of domestic waste provided by this embodiment, domestic waste is collected in a centralized manner and directly transported to factory 001 for sorting. There is no need for compression processing. The organic and perishable waste is sorted and processed in time, and the organic and perishable waste is released The amount of odorous gas is greatly reduced, and the deodorization pressure of the sorting plant is relieved. The direct collection and transportation method and optimization of the sorting process (food waste is sorted manually after wind jigging) have greatly reduced the leakage of water in organic and corrosive waste, and the amount of filtrate has been greatly reduced. The pollution control pressure of waste water and waste gas is reduced, and the cost is compressed and controlled.

In this embodiment, domestic waste is concentrated in factory 001 for sorting and processing. Domestic waste is not compressed and is directly transported to factory 001. The amount of odorous gas emitted by organic and corrosive waste in domestic waste is reduced, and the deodorization pressure is greatly reduced. Optionally, an exhaust gas purification system is installed on the top of factory building 001.

Further, the exhaust gas purification system may be an atomizing spray assembly 600. The atomizing nozzles of the atomizing spray assembly 600 are arranged at intervals on the top of the factory building 001. The purification liquid sprayed by the atomizing nozzles may be bacterial liquid. Obviously, the installation position and quantity of the atomizing nozzles can be set as required.

Step S200: The inorganic inert garbage sorted out during the sorting process is collected together and directly transported to the landfill for burial.

Step S300: During the sorting process, organic and corrosive garbage is collected together and processed using biological-microbial graded digestion.

Biological-microbial graded digestion treatment refers to the biological-microbial graded digestion system, which uses biological breeding to digest and absorb nutrients in organic corrosive waste, and then collects the excrement produced during the biological growth process and uses microorganisms for aerobic composting.

In this embodiment, the black soldier fly can be used for biological digestion treatment. The collected organic corrosive waste is pretreated, large pieces of organic corrosive waste are crushed, and food waste is separated from solid-liquid and oil-water. The organic corrosive garbage obtained after separation is in the form of slurry, and the solid content of the organic corrosive garbage is about 70%. After crushing, the maximum particle size of the organic corrosive garbage is less than 20mm, which is beneficial to the absorption and digestion of the black soldier fly. At the same time, the liquid part obtained by the separation of oil and water enters the high-pressure liquid storage tank and is pressurized to form a spray. It is used to rehydrate materials and adjust the humidity of the breeding environment of black soldier flies. It realizes wastewater recycling without being discharged, making it less likely to pollute the environment and saving money. cost of purifying wastewater. At the same time, it also reduces the accumulation of salt in the final product protein feed and flyworm manure organic fertilizer.

In the process of using the black soldier fly to digest organic and corrosive waste, a special black soldier fly breeding workshop 700 is established to transport the organic and corrosive waste to the breeding workshop to facilitate centralized management. In the process of converting organic and corrosive waste, the black soldier fly uses the powerful feeding and digestion capabilities of the black soldier fly larvae to convert organic and corrosive waste into high-quality animal protein. The black soldier fly digests and processes organic corrosive waste by degrading biological macromolecules into small biological molecules in the body, and then assembling into its own biological macromolecules (protein, oil, chitosan, etc.), eliminating the risk of homology In the future, it will still exist as a biological macromolecule, so its added value is high. In this conversion process, since there is no obvious anaerobic link, the amount of odorous gases (hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans) produced is small, mainly ammonia nitrogen tail gas, which is easy to control. The filtrate produced in the breeding workshop is collected and recycled for breeding in the breeding workshop. The black soldier fly is used to digest the sewage, so that the sewage is not discharged, which reduces environmental pollution and saves the cost of sewage purification. The protein and fat content of black soldier flies are much higher than those of fish meal and soybean meal, and can be used as an efficient feed additive for various animals.

After the black soldier fly converts organic and corrosive waste, the insect feed screening equipment is used to separate the insect feces, and high-quality fresh water fly insects and insect feces organic fertilizer products can be obtained. Mix the insect manure organic fertilizer product with the remaining organic corrosive waste and place it in a fermentation tank for aerobic composting treatment. During the aerobic fermentation process, the materials in the fermentation tank are periodically turned and enriched with oxygen by the propelling movement of the turning machine, and an aeration system is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation tank to achieve rapid decomposition of organic materials. The initial product is aged and then crushed, screened, and nutrients and biological bacteria are added to make a series of organic fertilizer products. The products are sold after being inspected and meeting standards. At the same time, a small amount of compost exhaust gas is purified through atomization spraying of deodorizing bacteria liquid. Using microbial aerobic composting, the digested product of microorganisms is refined organic fertilizer with high total nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium account for more than 9%), and the values of heavy metals, roundworm egg mortality, and Escherichia coli are far below the NY 525-2012 standard limit. , applied to farmland can improve crop yields and insect and pest resistance.

Among them, the NY 525-2012 standard refers to the agricultural industry standard of the People's Republic of China - organic fertilizer standard.

Optionally in this embodiment, in order to ensure that there is a sufficient quantity and quality of black soldier flies converted into organic and corrosive waste, a breeding and breeding workshop is set up to breed the black soldier flies population. During the breeding process of black soldier flies, the temperature, humidity and light conditions in the breeding workshop should be well controlled to provide an ideal natural environment for the growth of black soldier flies, so that the black soldier flies population can continue to increase stably and on a large scale. During the breeding process of black soldier flies, 0.8%-1.2% of the black soldier fly larvae are retained to maintain the population reproduction cycle, and the remaining 99.2%-98.8% of the black soldier fly larvae are used to transform organic and corrosive waste.

In other embodiments, the biological-microbial graded digestion can also be insect organisms such as earthworm breeding or cockroach breeding. It can also realize the digestion of organic corrosive waste and convert the organic corrosive waste into insect protein and store it in the insect organisms. The excrement produced during the growth of insect organisms is fermented using aerobic compost, and the final product is refined organic fertilizer.

In this embodiment, organisms such as black soldier flies are used to transform organic corrosive waste, and microorganisms are used for aerobic composting. Organic corrosive waste generates a large amount of waste gas during the storage process, and the waste gas is directly discharged into the air to pollute the environment. Therefore, the black soldier fly breeding and aerobic composting are concentrated in the black soldier fly breeding workshop 700, and the waste gas in the black soldier fly breeding workshop 700 is centrally processed, and the waste gas is purified and discharged, which is more environmentally friendly.

Please refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6. Optional, the black soldier fly breeding workshop 700 includes the breeding plant body 710, the breeding rack 720, the black soldier fly breeding box 730, the loading and unloading unit 740, the aerobic compost tank 800, and the first purification unit 750, the second purification unit 760 and the third purification unit 770.

The breeding plant body 710 includes a fence 711 and a ceiling 712. The fence 711 includes a first baffle, a second baffle and a third baffle. The first baffle, the second baffle and the third baffle are connected in sequence to form a U shape. , optionally, the first baffle, the second baffle and the third baffle are all rectangular plates, and the two ends along the intersection direction of the first baffle and the second baffle are respectively the bottom end and the top of the enclosure. . The bottom end of the enclosure 711 is built on the ground. Optionally, a base 780 is provided on the ground. The base 780 is annular and forms a trough-like structure. The ceiling 712 is installed on the top of the enclosure 711, and a lighting strip is provided on the ceiling 712.

The number of breeding racks 720 is set as required. For example, it can be but is not limited to two rows of breeding racks 720. The two rows of breeding racks 720 are arranged at relative intervals. An aisle 790 is formed between the two rows of breeding racks 720. Each row of breeding racks 720 includes a bottom load bearing. The frame 721, a plurality of vertical partitions 722 and a plurality of load-bearing partitions 723. The bottom load-bearing frame 721 is installed on the base 780. There is an interval between the bottom load-bearing frame and the base 780 to facilitate air circulation. A plurality of vertical partitions 722 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the aisle 790. A vertical storage channel 724 is formed between adjacent vertical partitions. A plurality of load-bearing partitions 723 are provided in each vertical storage channel 724. , multiple load-bearing partitions 723 located in the same vertical storage channel 724 are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the breeding rack 720, where the height direction of the breeding rack 720 refers to the vertical direction of the breeding rack 720 along the direction perpendicular to the ground after the installation of the breeding rack 720 is completed. direction, at the same time, the load-bearing partition 723 includes a first side 7231 close to the aisle 790 and a second side 7232 away from the aisle 790. The height of the first side 7231 is lower than the height of the second side 7232, that is, the load-bearing partition 723 is moved away from the aisle 790. One side of the aisle 790 is inclined toward the side close to the aisle 790, and a limiting portion 7235 is provided on the side of the load-bearing partition 723 close to the aisle 790 to prevent the black soldier fly breeding box 730 located in the breeding grid 725 from passing through the load-bearing divider. The first side 7231 of 723 slipped off. A breeding grid 725 is formed between adjacent load-bearing partitions 723, that is, each row of breeding racks 720 includes a plurality of vertical storage channels 724, and each vertical storage channel 724 includes a plurality of breeding grids 725. Optionally, multiple The breeding grids 725 are arranged in a rectangular array, that is, there are a plurality of breeding grids 725 evenly distributed in the vertical and horizontal directions of the breeding rack 720. The black soldier fly breeding box 730 is located in the breeding grid 725 and is slidably arranged in the same breeding grid 725. on the load-bearing partition 723 below.

Optionally, the vertical partition 722 is a long rod, one end of the vertical partition 722 is fixed on the bottom carrier, and the other end of the vertical partition 722 is fixed on the ceiling 712 . The load-bearing partition 723 includes two parallel slide rails 7233. The slide rails 7233 are fixedly connected to the vertical partition 722. The two slide rails 7233 are arranged at an angle. The height of the end of the slide rail 7233 located in the aisle 790 is lower than the end of the slide rail 7233 away from the aisle 790. The height of the black soldier fly breeding box 730 is slidingly arranged on two slide rails 7233. Further, multiple rollers 7234 are installed on each slide rail 7233. The rollers 7234 are rotatably arranged on the slide rail 7233. The height of the outermost roller 7234 close to the aisle 790 is higher than the height of the other rollers 7234, that is, the outermost roller 7234. The roller 7234 is a limiting portion 7235, which prevents the black soldier fly breeding box 730 from sliding out of the slide rail 7233 from the end of the slide rail 7233 close to the aisle 790. The black soldier fly breeding box 730 is slidably placed on the roller 7234, and the sliding friction is small, which facilitates the sliding of the black soldier fly breeding box 730.

The loading and unloading unit 740 includes a main frame 741, a bearing platform 742, a lifting mechanism 743 and a pushing mechanism 744. The lifting mechanism 743 is installed on the main frame 741, the bearing platform 742 is installed on the lifting end of the lifting mechanism 743, and the pushing mechanism 744 is installed on the bearing platform. On 742 , the pushing mechanism 744 moves up and down synchronously with the carrying platform 742 . The pushing mechanism 744 includes a pushing part for pushing the black soldier fly breeding box 730 located on the carrying platform 742 . When the black soldier fly breeding box 730 is added to the breeding grid 725 of the black soldier fly breeding rack 720 and the main frame 741 moves to the position to be loaded, the lifting mechanism 743 is started to drive the lifting platform 742 to move up and down, thereby causing the black soldier fly to move up and down. The breeding box 730 is located at the breeding grid 725 of the corresponding height. The pushing mechanism 744 is operated to push the black soldier fly breeding box 730 to be added to the slide rail 7233 of the breeding grid 725 to complete the feeding. Since the black soldier fly breeding box 730 is slidingly connected to the slide rail 7233, when the black soldier fly breeding box 730 to be added is pushed, the black soldier fly breeding box 730 to be added will push the existing black soldier fly breeding box on the breeding grid 725 730, so that it slides inward, thereby not easily affecting the black soldier fly breeding box 730 to be added and pushed into the breeding grid 725. At the same time, the slide rail 7233 is set at an angle. During the unloading process, the limiting part 7235 is first removed, and then under the action of gravity, the outermost black soldier fly breeding box 730 automatically slides out from the breeding grid 725 and falls on the bearing platform 742 Above, the black soldier fly breeding box 730 located on the inside will automatically slide out under the action of gravity, making it easy to take out and the operation is convenient and reliable.

At the same time, in order to improve efficiency, multiple pushing parts are provided, and the plurality of pushing parts work at the same time, and can push multiple black soldier fly breeding boxes 730 at the same time, and realize simultaneous feeding of multiple breeding grids 725. It should be noted that each pushing part can be controlled by a pushing mechanism 744, or a main rod is installed on the telescopic end of a pushing mechanism 744, and multiple pushing parts are installed on the main rod, and multiple pushing parts are realized through one pushing mechanism 744. work at the same time. After the loading of multiple black soldier fly breeding boxes 730 is completed, continue to add a new black soldier fly breeding box 730 and place it on the bearing platform 742 for the next loading.

It should be noted that the lifting mechanism 743 may be a hydraulic cylinder assembly or a pneumatic cylinder assembly. The pushing mechanism 744 may be a hydraulic cylinder assembly or a pneumatic cylinder assembly.

The aerobic compost tank 800 is arranged in the breeding plant body 710. During the aerobic composting process, a turning machine is used to turn the compost materials, which is beneficial to the digestion and decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms.

The entire breeding rack 720 has a frame structure, which has good ventilation effect, facilitates the flow of exhaust gas, and facilitates the purification treatment of exhaust gas.

The first purification unit 750 includes a water curtain 751 and an anion photocatalyst lamp 753. The water curtain 751 is arranged on the side of the enclosure 711, and the anion photocatalyst lamp 753 is arranged on the breeding rack 720. Optionally, the water curtain 751 is provided on the two sides of the enclosure 711 opposite to the aisle 790. A water tank 752 is provided below the water curtain 751, and a purification liquid is stored in the water tank 752. For example, but is not limited to: Bacteria liquid. A circulating water pump is installed in the water tank 752. The water pump pumps the water above the water curtain 751 and then falls along the water curtain 751 and into the water tank 752. The purification liquid can be recycled. During the process of converting organic corrosive waste by black soldier flies, the waste gas in the breeding plant body 710 flows to the water curtain 751, and the purification liquid flowing on the water curtain 751 removes easily soluble and soluble components such as ammonia in the waste gas.

An anion photocatalyst lamp 753 is installed on each breeding grid 725. For example, an anion photocatalyst lamp 753 is installed at the upper position of each breeding grid 725. After a black soldier fly breeding box 730 is placed in the breeding grid 725, the black soldier fly is cultured. The mouth of the box 730 faces the upper part of the breeding grid 725. That is, the exhaust gas generated by the organic and corrosive garbage in the black soldier fly breeding box 730 rises and directly contacts the negative ion photocatalyst lamp 753. The negative ion photocatalyst lamp 753 can stimulate strong oxidizing hydroxyl radicals. and active oxygen, which can completely oxidize and decompose the exhaust gas components into H ₂ O and CO _2. In addition, after part of the exhaust gas is purified by the water curtain 751, the insoluble and incompletely dissolved exhaust gas components in the remaining exhaust gas come into contact with the negative ion photocatalyst lamp 753, is completely oxidized and decomposed into H ₂ O and CO ₂ to achieve better deodorization, sterilization, and exhaust gas purification functions.

The second purification unit 760 includes a bacterial liquid atomizing spray mechanism. The bacterial liquid atomizing spray mechanism is installed on the ceiling 712. The number of bacterial liquid atomizing spray mechanisms is set as needed, and multiple bacterial liquid atomizing spray mechanisms are spaced apart. arrangement. Through the bacterial liquid atomization spray mechanism, the black soldier fly breeding rack 720 is continuously sprayed. When the exhaust gas is generated, it directly contacts the atomized bacterial liquid, so that the odor gas is contained when it is generated, and the lactic acid bacteria in the bacterial liquid are deodorized and kept fresh. The bacteria are combined with ammonia nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, VOC (volatile organic compounds) and other components to form non-toxic, harmless and low-irritation components.

In addition, a bacterial liquid atomizing spray mechanism is installed on the turning machine. In this way, the bacterial liquid is sprayed in time during the turning process, so that the odorous gas is contained when it is generated, and the lactic acid bacteria and other deodorizing and fresh-keeping strains in the bacterial liquid are Combined with ammonia nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, VOC and other components, it becomes a non-toxic, harmless and low-irritating component.

The third purification unit 770 includes an air collecting trough 771 made of spliced sunlight panels. The slot of the air collecting trough 771 is connected with the ceiling 712. A plurality of air outlets are provided at the bottom of the air collecting trough 771, and each air outlet is installed with Wind Ball 772. Solar panels are used to collect heat at the ceiling 712 to centrally heat the air there. During the heating process, the ultraviolet rays in the sunlight stimulate the remaining exhaust gas components to undergo photon transitions to form electron-hole pairs with strong oxidation properties, which further generate It has the functions of odor, sterilization, and purification of exhaust gas; at the same time, solar heating can heat up and make this part of the air thinner, using solar energy to create favorable convection and mass transfer conditions, forming a suitable mass transfer power, and the treated exhaust gas is blown from the top The ball 772 is drawn out; the curvature is set according to the principle of fluid mechanics to guide the air flow to escape outwards in a directional and orderly manner, reducing the deodorization pressure and the difficulty of deodorization, and achieving efficient purification of exhaust gas in a low-energy, low-cost manner.

Through the above three exhaust gas purification units, exhaust gas is purified and processed simultaneously. The generation and treatment of exhaust gas are carried out simultaneously to avoid centralized treatment of exhaust gas and reduce the pressure of terminal deodorization. Solar deodorization is used without the use of chemicals and adsorption fillers. The cost of deodorization equipment and low operating costs. It can systematically improve the effective purification and removal of primary biological digestion tail gas and secondary microbial digestion tail gas when converting organic perishable waste such as food and kitchen waste. At the same time, it can effectively purify and remove malodorous gases such as NH3, H2S, methyl mercaptan, VOC, etc. Monitoring and analysis of target pollutants ensures that odor emissions during the treatment of organic and perishable waste meet standards.

In this embodiment, the use of biological-microbial graded digestion of organic corrosive waste has at least the following advantages:

First, we first use organisms such as black soldier flies to transform organic corrosive waste, and conduct first-level biological digestion of organic corrosive waste such as kitchen waste. This solves the problem of difficulty in composting kitchen waste with high moisture content, high oil and salt content, and poor composting effect. Good question;

Secondly, after being digested by organisms such as black soldier flies, the materials that need to be incorporated into the subsequent composting system are highly decomposed biological manure and organic matter that is not easily digested by organisms. The composting process is no longer restricted by auxiliary materials, making it easier to expand the scale of composting;

Third, organisms such as black soldier flies convert the salt in organic and corrosive garbage into their own nutrients, reducing the accumulation of salt in the final organic fertilizer product, which can effectively avoid the phenomenon of "seedling burning" of organic fertilizer;

Fourth, take advantage of the characteristics of black soldier flies and other organisms that have a wide diet, are not picky eaters, and are not sensitive to chili, pepper, soy sauce, alcohol, and oil, so that they can directly feed on substances that are not easily digested by compost strains, and at the same time destroy the relationship between the strains and materials. The oil film makes the bacteria fully contact with the materials during the aerobic composting process, improving the composting efficiency;

Fifth, the first-level black soldier fly and other biological digestion greatly reduces the processing volume and processing pressure of aerobic composting, thereby significantly improving the processing capacity of the aerobic composting system;

Sixth, the excrement produced during the digestion process of black soldier flies and other organisms as well as the undigested organic and corrosive garbage are subjected to aerobic composting treatment, that is, secondary microbial digestion. The aerobic composting system can remove some of the black soldier flies and other organisms that are not easily digested. Digested organic matter and excrement are digested and converted into refined organic fertilizer, improving the direct utilization value of resource-based products;

Seventh, on the basis of the existing digestive systems of black soldier flies and other organisms, develop integrated industrial breeding of black soldier flies and other organisms. Construct an automated production line for biological disposal of black soldier flies and other organisms. Conduct a fully automated unmanned breeding workshop, including automatic breeding, egg collection, kitchen ingredients, feeding, inoculation, transmission, unloading, screening, drying, packaging and other processes. Greatly improve the mechanization level of the original black soldier fly consumption system, facilitate intensive management, form a complete industrial chain, reduce labor costs, and improve economic benefits;

Eighth, to improve the problem of environmental pollution, the first-level biological digestion workshop adopts a fully enclosed breeding box. On the one hand, lactic acid bacteria are introduced to preserve the food waste and prevent the food waste from spoiling and deteriorating to produce odorous gas; on the other hand, anti-odor bacterial liquid is used The spray can biologically deodorize a small amount of spilled gas; in addition, the water curtain 751 and photocatalyst negative ion system can be used inside the breeding box to balance the concentration of odor molecules. The discharged air passes through the spray tower and adsorbent to achieve standard emissions, ensuring that there is no pollution in the entire factory. Odor. The pretreatment leachate of organic and corrosive garbage such as kitchens and aquaculture waste liquid flows back to the high-pressure storage tank and is pressurized to form a spray, which is used to replenish materials and adjust the humidity of the biological breeding environment, so as to realize wastewater recycling without discharge.

Step S400, during the above-mentioned sorting process, the recyclables in the domestic waste are sorted out and reused, thereby improving resource utilization. For example, plastics, foam, rubber, paper and other wastes sorted out from domestic waste do not need to be incinerated and can be recycled directly, greatly reducing resource waste and increasing the value of recyclables; in addition, reducing fly ash and The generation of flue gas not only improves the environmental quality, but also reduces the processing costs of fly ash and flue gas. In addition, avoiding the incineration route of combustible materials for power generation can save a lot of incineration plant construction and operation costs. At the same time, the technology has a wide range of applications and is basically not subject to local financial and land restrictions.

It should be noted that step S100, step S200, step S300 and step S400 are only for the convenience of describing the domestic waste treatment process and do not limit the steps of the domestic waste treatment process.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A centralized sorting system for domestic waste, characterized in that the sorting system includes: A first-level inorganic inert waste sorting system, a second-level food waste sorting system and a third-level dry waste sorting system. The first-level inorganic inert sorting system is used to screen uncompressed domestic waste and separate inorganic inert waste. Come out, the two-level food waste sorting system is used to screen the domestic waste after separating the inorganic inert waste, and sort out the organic and corrosive waste, and the three-level dry waste sorting system is used to Screen the domestic waste after the organic corrosive waste is separated to separate the recyclables; The secondary food waste sorting system includes a conveying mechanism for spreading the domestic waste, and the input end of the conveying mechanism is docked with the outlet of the primary inorganic inert sorting system. The output end of the conveying mechanism is connected to the feed port of the three-stage dry garbage sorting system; The three-level dry garbage sorting system includes gravity and wind sorting equipment and drum screening equipment. The gravity and wind sorting equipment includes a shell and a fan. The shell is provided with an inlet and a plurality of outlets. Material port, the fan is installed on the casing, the domestic garbage falls from the material inlet, and falls into different discharge ports under the action of the wind force of the fan; one of the discharge ports is docked At the inlet of the drum screening equipment; the outlet includes a first outlet, a second outlet and a third outlet, and the first outlet and the second outlet It is arranged vertically, and the first outlet is arranged close to the feed inlet, and the third outlet is arranged horizontally; the third outlet is docked with the feed inlet of the trommel screen sorting equipment. ; The drum screen sorting equipment includes a support, a drum screen body and a driving mechanism. The drum screen body is tilted, the drum screen body is provided with a plurality of screen holes, and the drum screen body is rotated on the support. , the driving mechanism is drivingly connected to the trommel screen body and is used to drive the trommel screen body to rotate; the trommel screen body is provided with a first blanking section, a second blanking section, and a third blanking section along its length direction. material section and the fourth blanking section, the first blanking section is arranged close to the feed opening of the trommel screen body; the screen hole diameter of the first blanking section, the screen hole of the second blanking section The aperture, the mesh aperture of the third blanking section, and the mesh aperture of the fourth blanking section gradually increase. 2. The centralized domestic waste sorting system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The primary inorganic inert sorting system includes wind jigging equipment. 3. The centralized domestic waste sorting system according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, The centralized domestic waste sorting system also includes a factory building, in which the first-level inorganic inert waste sorting system, the second-level kitchen waste sorting system and the third-level dry waste sorting system are all located. 4. The centralized domestic waste sorting system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The factory building is equipped with an exhaust gas purification system. 5. A centralized sorting process for domestic waste, based on the centralized sorting system for domestic waste according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the sorting process is as follows: Domestic garbage is collected at the garbage dumping point without compression, and the domestic garbage is sorted and collected. After sorting, inorganic inert garbage, organic corrosive garbage and recyclables are obtained.