CN109041551A - Airborne spray cooling system using modularized phase-change material heat exchanger for energy storage and using ram air and fuel oil as cold sources - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an airborne spray cooling system using modularized phase change material heat exchangers for energy storage and ram air and fuel oil as cold sources, belonging to the field of airborne high heat flux equipment cooling. The invention mainly solves the problem of continuous heat dissipation on surfaces with high heat flux such as radar chips and laser weapons when the airborne cold source cannot be used directly. The invention uses a spray cooling method to cool the surface with high heat density, uses ram air as the main cooling source, uses onboard fuel oil as an auxiliary cooling source, and selects the combination of cooling sources according to whether the ram air can be used when the aircraft is flying; uses phase change materials as intermediate storage energy medium, and use modular phase-change material heat exchangers to ensure that each heat exchanger module cycles energy storage and discharge. Compared with the previous airborne spray cooling system, this system realizes the alternate heat acquisition and release of cooling capacity of the modular phase change material heat exchanger, which can provide low-temperature cooling water for the spray cooling system for a long time, and meets the airborne complex environment. cooling needs.

Description

A Modular Phase Change Material Heat Exchanger for Energy Storage and Use of Ram Air and Fuel Airborne mist cooling system as cooling source

technical field

The invention relates to an airborne spray cooling system using modularized phase change material heat exchangers for energy storage and ram air and fuel oil as cold sources, belonging to the field of airborne high heat flux electronic equipment cooling.

Background technique

With the rapid development of airborne radar technology, power amplifier chips have developed from silicon chips and GaAs chips to the third-generation semiconductor GaN chips. Several projects of the US Navy and Air Force show that the heat flux of GaN chips under research has reached 500W/cm ² , and the heat flux of future chips will exceed 1000W/cm ² . At the same time, with the continuous improvement of military aircraft maneuverability, stealth performance, and defense performance requirements, technologies such as high-power laser technology, high integration and miniaturization of electronic components have been developed rapidly. A laser weapon will generate megawatt-level heat within a few seconds of firing, resulting in a heat flux of hundreds or even thousands of W/cm ² on its surface. If effective measures are not taken to reduce the surface temperature of radar chips and laser weapons, their working efficiency will be greatly reduced, and electronic devices will be burned, which will affect flight safety.

Therefore, how to efficiently and safely solve the problem of rapid heat dissipation of radar chips and airborne equipment has important research significance. Conventional air-cooling and water-cooling methods have reached their limit in heat transfer capacity and cannot meet the increasing heat dissipation requirements of electronic equipment. Spray cooling is a new cooling method that decomposes the cooling medium into countless discrete small droplets through atomization, and sprays them on the heating surface to remove heat through single-phase heat exchange and two-phase heat exchange. If the problem of cold source and continuous operation can be solved, spray cooling technology has a strong application prospect in the field of airborne equipment cooling.

Some patents have proposed the application method of spray cooling in the airborne field, such as patent 201611007244.8, which proposes an airborne evaporative cycle refrigeration comprehensive thermal management system and its method and application. The main feature is that the evaporative refrigeration cycle is used to complete the cabin refrigeration and spray cooling of heating elements. The main feature of this scheme is to use evaporative refrigeration cycle to provide cooling capacity for the spray medium. However, the airborne space is limited, and the cooling capacity of evaporative refrigeration cycle is limited. In addition, it needs to meet the cooling demand in the cabin. It is applied to spray The cooling capacity of the cooling system must be insufficient to complete the cooling work of high heat density surfaces such as laser weapons; patent ZL201721063995.1 proposes an airborne turbine intermittent cold storage spray cooling system for laser weapons, the main feature is that the turbine is used as a cooling device and As for the power source, the cooling source in this scheme is completely provided by the turbine, which increases the load on the original turbine refrigeration system of the aircraft, which is not conducive to the long-term stable operation of the aircraft.

When the aircraft is flying normally at high altitude, ram air can be introduced to provide a natural cooling source for the spray cooling system; if the ram air cannot be used in an emergency, an auxiliary cooling source can be added. This patent uses on-board fuel oil as an auxiliary cooling source, and uses phase change materials as an intermediate medium. When the spray cooling device is not working, it can still store the cooling capacity provided by ram air and on-board fuel. When the surface to be cooled needs to be cooled, a part The phase change material in the module releases cold energy to the spray medium, and at the same time, the phase change material in another part of the module absorbs cold energy from the outside. After the phase change material in the released cold energy module is completely liquefied, immediately switch to the module that has absorbed the cold energy. , The alternating heat extraction and cooling release of the modular phase change material heat exchanger ensures the continuity of the system operation. Applying this patent to cool airborne laser weapons or radar can ensure the circulation of spray cooling medium, and the addition of auxiliary cold source improves system redundancy, and sufficient cooling capacity ensures the heat exchange efficiency of spray cooling.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an airborne spray cooling system that uses modularized phase change material heat exchangers for energy storage and uses ram air and fuel oil as cold sources. The cold source uses a modularized phase-change material heat exchanger as an intermediate cold storage and cold release device. The invention helps to promote the application of phase change energy storage and high-efficiency heat exchange technology in the cooling field of airborne equipment.

The system mainly includes a flow meter (1), a first stop valve (2-1), a second stop valve (2-2), a third stop valve (2-3), a fourth stop valve (2-4), a Five shut-off valves (2-5), sixth shut-off valves (2-6), seventh shut-off valves (2-7), flow regulating valves (3), first water pumps (4-1), second water pumps (4 -2), the first nozzle (5-1), the second nozzle (5-2), the third nozzle (5-3), the fourth nozzle (5-4), the fifth nozzle (5-5), wait Cooling surface (6), spray chamber (7), phase change material heat exchanger (8), first heat exchanger (9-1), second heat exchanger (9-2), third heat exchanger ( 9-3), oil quantity regulating valve (10), oil tank (11), heat pipe (12), ram air inlet (13), water tank (15);

Wherein, the phase change material heat exchanger (8) includes a first phase change material heat exchange module (8-1), a second phase change material heat exchange module (8-2), a third phase change material heat exchange module (8 -3), the fourth phase change material heat exchange module (8-4), the fifth phase change material heat exchange module (8-5), the sixth phase change material heat exchange module (8-6), the phase change material heat exchange module The thermal module has a refrigerant inlet, a refrigerant outlet, a cold water inlet, and a cold water outlet;

The phase change material heat exchanger (8) has a first refrigerant inlet (14-1), a second refrigerant inlet (14-2), a refrigerant outlet (14-3), a first cold water inlet (14-5) , the second cold water inlet (14-6), cold water outlet (14-4); the first heat exchanger (9-1) has refrigerant inlet, refrigerant outlet, oil inlet, oil outlet; the second heat exchanger ( 9-2) It has a refrigerant inlet, a refrigerant outlet, and a heat pipe interface; the third heat exchanger (9-3) has a cold air inlet, a cold air outlet, and a heat pipe interface; the oil tank (11) has an oil inlet and an oil outlet;

The outlet of the water tank (15) is connected to the inlet of the first water pump (4-1), the outlet of the first water pump (4-1) is connected to the inlet of the flow regulating valve (3), and the outlet of the flow regulating valve (3) is connected to the inlet of the first water pump (4-1). The inlet of a shut-off valve (2-1) is connected, the outlet of the first shut-off valve (2-1) is connected with the inlet of the flowmeter (1), and the outlet of the flowmeter (1) is connected with the inlet of the spray chamber (7). The entrance of a nozzle (5-1), the entrance of the second nozzle (5-2), the entrance of the third nozzle (5-3), the entrance of the fourth nozzle (5-4), the entrance of the fifth nozzle (5-5 ), the outlet of the first nozzle (5-1), the outlet of the second nozzle (5-2), the outlet of the third nozzle (5-3), the outlet of the fourth nozzle (5-4), the outlet of the The outlet of the five nozzles (5-5) is located on the left side of the surface to be cooled (6), and the outlet of the spray chamber (7) is connected to the inlet of the sixth shut-off valve (2-6) and the seventh shut-off valve (2-7) respectively. ), the outlet of the sixth stop valve (2-6) is connected with the first cold water inlet (14-5) of the phase change material heat exchanger (8), and the first cold water inlet (14-5) of the phase change material heat exchanger (8) The cold water inlet (14-5) and the cold water inlet of the first phase change material heat exchange module (8-1), the cold water inlet of the third phase change material heat exchange module (8-3), and the fifth phase change material heat exchange module The cold water inlet of (8-5) links to each other, and the outlet of the seventh stop valve (2-7) links to each other with the second cold water inlet (14-6) of phase change material heat exchanger (8), and phase change material heat exchanger ( 8) The second cold water inlet (14-6) and the cold water inlet of the second phase change material heat exchange module (8-2), the cold water inlet of the fourth phase change material heat exchange module (8-4), the sixth phase The cold water inlet of the heat exchange module (8-6) of the phase change material is connected, the cold water outlet of the first phase change material heat exchange module (8-1), the cold water outlet of the second phase change material heat exchange module (8-2), and the cold water outlet of the second phase change material heat exchange module (8-2). The cold water outlet of the three-phase change material heat exchange module (8-3), the cold water outlet of the fourth phase change material heat exchange module (8-4), the cold water outlet of the fifth phase change material heat exchange module (8-5), The cold water outlet of the sixth phase-change material heat exchange module (8-6) is connected with the cold water outlet (14-4) of the phase-change material heat exchanger (8), and the cold water outlet (14-4) of the phase-change material heat exchanger (8) -4) link to each other with the inlet of water tank (15);

The outlet of the second stop valve (2-2) links to each other with the second refrigerant inlet (14-2) of the phase change material heat exchanger (8), and the second refrigerant inlet (14-2) of the phase change material heat exchanger (8) 14-2) and the refrigerant inlet of the second phase change material heat exchange module (8-2), the refrigerant inlet of the fourth phase change material heat exchange module (8-4), the sixth phase change material heat exchange module ( 8-6) is connected to the refrigerant inlet, the outlet of the third stop valve (2-3) is connected to the first refrigerant inlet (14-1) of the phase change material heat exchanger (8), and the phase change material heat exchanger The first refrigerant inlet (14-1) of (8), the refrigerant inlet of the first phase change material heat exchange module (8-1), and the refrigerant inlet of the third phase change material heat exchange module (8-3) , the refrigerant inlet of the fifth phase change material heat exchange module (8-5) is connected, the refrigerant outlet of the first phase change material heat exchange module (8-1), the second phase change material heat exchange module (8-2 ), the refrigerant outlet of the third phase change material heat exchange module (8-3), the refrigerant outlet of the fourth phase change material heat exchange module (8-4), the fifth phase change material heat exchange module (8-5), the refrigerant outlet of the sixth phase change material heat exchange module (8-6) is connected with the refrigerant outlet (14-3) of the phase change material heat exchanger (8), and the phase change The refrigerant outlet (14-3) of the material heat exchanger (8) is connected to the inlet of the fifth shut-off valve (2-5) and the inlet of the fourth shut-off valve (2-4) respectively, and the fifth shut-off valve (2- 5) the outlet of the first heat exchanger (9-1) is connected to the refrigerant inlet, the outlet of the fourth stop valve (2-4) is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the second heat exchanger (9-2), and the outlet of the fourth stop valve (2-4) is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the second heat exchanger (9-2). The refrigerant outlet of a heat exchanger (9-1) is respectively connected with the inlet of the second shut-off valve (2-2) and the inlet of the third shut-off valve (2-3), and the second heat exchanger (9-2) The outlet of the refrigerant is respectively connected with the inlet of the second shut-off valve (2-2) and the inlet of the third shut-off valve (2-3),

The oil outlet of the first heat exchanger (9-1) is connected with the inlet of the second water pump (4-2), and the outlet of the second water pump (4-2) is connected with the oil inlet of the oil tank (11), and the oil tank (11) The oil outlet of the oil volume regulating valve (10) is connected to the inlet, and the outlet of the oil quantity regulating valve (10) is connected to the oil inlet of the first heat exchanger (9-1);

The heat pipe interface of the second heat exchanger (9-2) is connected to the heat pipe interface of the third heat exchanger (9-3) through the heat pipe (12);

The ram air inlet (13) is connected with the cold air inlet of the third heat exchanger (9-3), and the cold air outlet of the third heat exchanger (9-3) is connected with the external environment.

The invention discloses an airborne spray cooling system that uses modularized phase-change material heat exchangers for energy storage and uses ram air and fuel oil as cold sources. The operation includes the following processes:

Ram air heat exchange process: external low-temperature ram air enters the third heat exchanger (9-3) through the ram air inlet (13), and the cold energy is transferred to the heat pipe (12) in the third heat exchanger (9-3) ), the temperature of the ram air passes through the third heat exchanger (9-3) and becomes hot air, and the hot air flows into the external environment;

On-board fuel heat exchange process: the low-temperature fuel in the fuel tank (11) enters the first heat exchanger (9-1) through the fuel quantity regulating valve (10), and is mixed with the refrigerant in the first heat exchanger (9-1). Heat exchange, the temperature of the low-temperature fuel goes through the first heat exchanger (9-1) and becomes high-temperature fuel, and the high-temperature fuel flows into the fuel tank (11) to complete the cycle;

Refrigerant cycle process: when the flight state allows the normal use of ram air, close the fifth shut-off valve (2-5), open the fourth shut-off valve (2-4), and the refrigerant flows through the second heat exchanger (9-2) The cold energy transferred in the middle and the heat pipe (12) is heat-exchanged. After the heat exchange is completed, the refrigerant enters the phase-change material heat exchanger (8) through the second heat exchanger (9-2), and in the phase-change material heat exchanger ( 8) Exchange heat with the phase change material, after the heat exchange is completed, the refrigerant enters the second heat exchanger (9-2) to complete the cycle; when the flight state does not allow the normal use of ram air, close the fourth shut-off valve (2-4 ), open the fifth cut-off valve (2-5), the refrigerant exchanges heat with the on-board fuel in the first heat exchanger (9-1), and enters through the first heat exchanger (9-1) after the heat exchange is completed In the phase change material heat exchanger (8), exchange heat with the phase change material in the phase change material heat exchanger (8), and after the heat exchange is completed, the refrigerant enters the first heat exchanger (9-1) to complete the cycle;

Spray cooling and phase change material cold storage process: when the system is running, when the surface to be cooled (6) needs to dissipate heat, and the first phase change material heat exchange module (8-1), the third phase change material heat exchange module (8-3 ), the fifth phase change material heat exchange module (8-5), after the phase change material cold storage is completed and turned into a solid state, the first water pump (4-1), the flow regulating valve (3), the first shut-off valve (2- 1), the sixth shut-off valve (2-6), the second shut-off valve (2-2), close the third shut-off valve (2-3), the seventh shut-off valve (2-7), the cold water is replaced by the phase change material The cold water outlet (14-4) of the heater (8), the first water pump (4-1), the flow regulating valve (3), the first shut-off valve (2-1) and the flow meter (1) flow into the first nozzle (5-1), the second nozzle (5-2), the third nozzle (5-3), the fourth nozzle (5-4), the fifth nozzle (5-5), in the first nozzle (5-1 ), the second nozzle (5-2), the third nozzle (5-3), the fourth nozzle (5-4), and the fifth nozzle (5-5) spray to the surface to be cooled after atomization (6), Lower the temperature of the surface to be cooled (6), and the hot water after heat exchange flows into the first phase change material heat exchange module (8-1) through the outlet of the spray chamber (7) and the outlet of the sixth shut-off valve (2-6). In the third phase change material heat exchange module (8-3) and the fifth phase change material heat exchange module (8-5), in the first phase change material heat exchange module (8-1), the third phase change material heat exchange module The thermal module (8-3), the fifth phase change material heat exchange module (8-5) and the phase change material heat exchange and cooling become cold water to complete the cycle, the first phase change material heat exchange module (8-1), the second The phase change material in the three-phase change material heat exchange module (8-3) and the fifth phase change material heat exchange module (8-5) becomes liquid; at the same time, the refrigerant flows in through the outlet of the second stop valve (2-2) In the second phase change material heat exchange module (8-2), the fourth phase change material heat exchange module (8-4), and the sixth phase change material heat exchange module (8-6), in the second phase change material heat exchange module The thermal module (8-2), the fourth phase change material heat exchange module (8-4), the sixth phase change material heat exchange module (8-6) exchange heat with the phase change material, and the second phase change material heat exchange The cold storage of the phase change material in the module (8-2), the fourth phase change material heat exchange module (8-4), and the sixth phase change material heat exchange module (8-6) becomes solid;

When the system is running, when the surface to be cooled (6) needs to dissipate heat, and the first phase change material heat exchange module (8-1), the third phase change material heat exchange module (8-3), and the fifth phase change material heat exchange module The phase change material in the module (8-5) has not yet become solid, and the second phase change material heat exchange module (8-2), the fourth phase change material heat exchange module (8-4) and the sixth phase change material heat exchange module After the cold storage of the phase change material in the module (8-6) is completed, the first water pump (4-1), the flow regulating valve (3), the first shut-off valve (2-1), the third shut-off valve (2-3), The seventh shut-off valve (2-7), close the sixth shut-off valve (2-6), the second shut-off valve (2-2), cold water passes through the cold water outlet (14-4) of the phase change material heat exchanger (8) , the first water pump (4-1), the flow regulating valve (3), the first shut-off valve (2-1) and the flow meter (1) then flow into the first nozzle (5-1), the second nozzle (5-2 ), the third nozzle (5-3), the fourth nozzle (5-4), the fifth nozzle (5-5), in the first nozzle (5-1), the second nozzle (5-2), the third Nozzles (5-3), fourth nozzles (5-4), and fifth nozzles (5-5) are atomized and sprayed onto the surface to be cooled (6), reducing the temperature of the surface to be cooled (6), and the heat exchange is completed The final hot water flows into the second phase change material heat exchange module (8-2) and the fourth phase change material heat exchange module (8-4) through the outlet of the spray chamber (7) and the outlet of the seventh shut-off valve (2-7). , In the sixth phase change material heat exchange module (8-6), in the second phase change material heat exchange module (8-2), the fourth phase change material heat exchange module (8-4), the sixth phase change material In the heat exchange module (8-6), the heat exchange with the phase change material cools down and becomes cold water to complete the cycle, the second phase change material heat exchange module (8-2), the fourth phase change material heat exchange module (8-4) and The phase change material in the sixth phase change material heat exchange module (8-6) becomes liquid; at the same time, the refrigerant flows into the first phase change material heat exchange module (8-1) through the outlet of the third stop valve (2-3) , the third phase change material heat exchange module (8-3), and the fifth phase change material heat exchange module (8-5), in the first phase change material heat exchange module (8-1), the third phase change material The heat exchange module (8-3), the fifth phase change material heat exchange module (8-5) exchanges heat with the phase change material, the first phase change material heat exchange module (8-1), and the third phase change material exchange The cold storage of the phase change material in the thermal module (8-3) and the fifth phase change material heat exchange module (8-5) becomes solid;

When the phase change material in the first phase change material heat exchange module (8-1), the third phase change material heat exchange module (8-3), and the fifth phase change material heat exchange module (8-5) become solid completely After that, open the first water pump (4-1), the flow regulating valve (3), the first shut-off valve (2-1), the sixth shut-off valve (2-6), the second shut-off valve (2-2) , close the third shut-off valve (2-3) and the seventh shut-off valve (2-7), and repeat the heat dissipation of the surface to be cooled (6).

The first nozzle (5-1), the second nozzle (5-2), the third nozzle (5-3), the fourth nozzle (5-4), and the fifth nozzle (5-5) simultaneously inject The surface (6) is sprayed with atomized cooling water.

The first nozzle (5-1), the second nozzle (5-2), the third nozzle (5-3), the fourth nozzle (5-4), the fifth nozzle (5-5) and the surface to be cooled (6 ) are all sealed and installed in the spray chamber (7).

The phase-change material heat exchanger (8) adopts a modular design, and the number of phase-change material heat-exchange modules is an even number, and the number of phase-change material heat-exchange modules is increased or decreased according to heat dissipation requirements.

The different heat exchange modules in the phase change material heat exchanger (8) can realize the function of storing cold and releasing cold energy at the same time, when the phase change material heat exchange module (8-1), the phase change material heat exchange module (8-3), When the phase-change material heat exchange module (8-5) releases cold energy to the spray medium, the phase-change material heat exchange module (8-2), the phase-change material heat exchange module (8-4), and the phase-change material heat exchange module ( 8-6) From ram air or airborne fuel cold storage; when the phase change material heat exchange module (8-2), phase change material heat exchange module (8-4), phase change material heat exchange module (8-6) to When the spray medium releases cold energy, the phase change material heat exchange module (8-1), the phase change material heat exchange module (8-3), and the phase change material heat exchange module (8-5) store cold energy from the ram air or onboard fuel. .

The refrigerant is R22, R134a or R407C.

The state of the phase change material in the phase change material heat exchanger (8) is in a liquid state after releasing cold energy, and in a solid state after cold storage.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention;

Label name in accompanying drawing 1: 1. flowmeter, 2-1. the first shut-off valve, 2-2. the second shut-off valve, 2-3. the third shut-off valve, 2-4. the fourth shut-off valve, 2 -5. Fifth shut-off valve, 2-6. Sixth shut-off valve, 2-7. Seventh shut-off valve, 3. Flow regulating valve, 4-1. First water pump, 4-2. Second water pump, 5- 1. The first nozzle, 5-2. The second nozzle, 5-3. The third nozzle, 5-4. The fourth nozzle, 5-5. The fifth nozzle, 6. Surface to be cooled, 7. Spray chamber, 8 .Phase change material heat exchanger, 9-1. First heat exchanger, 9-2. Second heat exchanger, 9-3. Third heat exchanger, 10. Oil quantity regulating valve, 11. Fuel tank, 12 .Heat pipe, 13. Ram air inlet, 15. Water tank.

Accompanying drawing 2 is the structural representation of phase change material heat exchanger (8);

Label name in accompanying drawing 2: 2-2. the second shut-off valve, 2-3. the third shut-off valve, 2-6. the sixth shut-off valve, 2-7. the seventh shut-off valve, 14-1. the first Refrigerant inlet, 14-2. Second refrigerant inlet, 14-3. Refrigerant outlet, 14-4. Cold water outlet, 14-5. First cold water inlet, 14-6. Second cold water inlet, 8-1 .The first phase change material heat exchange module, 8-2. The second phase change material heat exchange module, 8-3. The third phase change material heat exchange module, 8-4. The fourth phase change material heat exchange module, 8 -5. The fifth phase change material heat exchange module, 8-6. The sixth phase change material heat exchange module.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figure 1, an airborne spray cooling system using modular phase change material heat exchangers for energy storage and using ram air and fuel oil as cold sources mainly includes a flow meter 1, a first shut-off valve 2-1, a second Stop valve 2-2, third stop valve 2-3, fourth stop valve 2-4, fifth stop valve 2-5, sixth stop valve 2-6, seventh stop valve 2-7, flow control valve 3 , the first water pump 4-1, the second water pump 4-2, the first nozzle 5-1, the second nozzle 5-2, the third nozzle 5-3, the fourth nozzle 5-4, the fifth nozzle 5-5, Surface to be cooled 6, spray chamber 7, phase change material heat exchanger 8, first phase change material heat exchange module 8-1, second phase change material heat exchange module 8-2, third phase change material heat exchange module 8 -3. The fourth phase change material heat exchange module 8-4, the fifth phase change material heat exchange module 8-5, the sixth phase change material heat exchange module 8-6, the first heat exchanger 9-1, the second Heat exchanger 9-2, third heat exchanger 9-3, oil quantity regulating valve 10, oil tank 11, heat pipe 12, ram air inlet 13, first refrigerant inlet 14-1, second refrigerant inlet 14-2 , Refrigerant outlet 14-3, cold water outlet 14-4, first cold water inlet 14-5, second cold water inlet 14-6, water tank 15.

Before the aircraft takes off, the running time of the spray cooling system is obtained according to the flight time of the aircraft and the required cooling time of the equipment, and an appropriate amount of phase change material heat exchange module is added according to the running time. At this time, the first stop valve 2-1, the second stop valve 2-2, the third stop valve 2-3, the fourth stop valve 2-4, the fifth stop valve 2-5, the sixth stop valve 2-6, Both the seventh cut-off valve 2-7 and the flow regulating valve 3 are in a closed state.

After the aircraft takes off, the ram air inlet 13 sucks the ram air, and the ram air transfers heat to the heat pipe 12; the fifth shut-off valve 2-5 is closed, the fourth shut-off valve 2-4 is opened, and the refrigerant flows in the second heat exchanger 9-2 Exchange heat with the heat pipe 12, enter the phase change material heat exchanger 8 through the second heat exchanger 9-2 after the heat exchange is completed, and exchange heat with the phase change material in the phase change material heat exchanger 8, after the heat exchange is completed The refrigerant enters the second heat exchanger 9-2 to complete the cycle; when the ram air cannot be used normally, close the fourth stop valve 2-4, open the fifth stop valve 2-5, and the refrigerant flows through the first heat exchanger 9- In 1, it exchanges heat with the on-board fuel oil. After the heat exchange is completed, it enters the phase change material heat exchanger 8 through the first heat exchanger 9-1, and exchanges heat with the phase change material in the phase change material heat exchanger 8. After completion, the refrigerant enters the first heat exchanger 9-1 to complete the cycle;

After the aircraft takes off, when it is necessary to cool electronic equipment or other surfaces, and the first phase change material heat exchange module 8-1, the third phase change material heat exchange module 8-3, and the fifth phase change material heat exchange module 8- 5. After the cold storage process of the internal phase change material is completed and the phase change material becomes solid, turn on the water pump 4-1, the flow regulating valve 3, the first stop valve 2-1, the sixth stop valve 2-6, and the second stop valve 2- 2. Close the third shut-off valve 2-3 and the seventh shut-off valve 2-7, the cold water passes through the cold water outlet 14-4 of the phase change material heat exchanger 8, the water pump 4-1, the flow regulating valve 3, and the first shut-off valve 2 -1 and the flow meter 1 flow into the first nozzle 5-1, the second nozzle 5-2, the third nozzle 5-3, the fourth nozzle 5-4, the fifth nozzle 5-5, in the first nozzle 5-1 , the second nozzle 5-2, the third nozzle 5-3, the fourth nozzle 5-4, and the fifth nozzle 5-5 are atomized and sprayed onto the surface to be cooled 6, reducing the temperature of the surface to be cooled 6, and the heat exchange is completed The final hot water flows into the first phase change material heat exchange module 8-1, the third phase change material heat exchange module 8-3, and the fifth phase change material heat exchange module through the outlet of the spray chamber 7 and the outlet of the sixth stop valve 2-6. In the module 8-5, in the first phase change material heat exchange module 8-1, the third phase change material heat exchange module 8-3, and the fifth phase change material heat exchange module 8-5, heat exchange and cooling with the phase change material Turn into cold water to complete the cycle. At this time, the phase change materials in the first phase change material heat exchange module 8-1, the third phase change material heat exchange module 8-3, and the fifth phase change material heat exchange module 8-5 release cold water. After the measurement is completed, it becomes liquid;

At the same time, the refrigerant flows into the second phase change material heat exchange module 8-2, the fourth phase change material heat exchange module 8-4, and the sixth phase change material heat exchange module 8-6 through the outlet of the second stop valve 2-2, Exchange heat with phase change materials in the second phase change material heat exchange module 8-2, the fourth phase change material heat exchange module 8-4, and the sixth phase change material heat exchange module 8-6, and the second phase change material exchange The thermal module 8-2, the fourth phase change material heat exchange module 8-4, and the sixth phase change material heat exchange module 8-6 store cold and turn the phase change material into a solid state;

When the system is running, when it is necessary to cool electronic equipment or other surfaces, and the first phase change material heat exchange module 8-1, the third phase change material heat exchange module 8-3, and the fifth phase change material heat exchange module 8- 5. The internal phase change material has completely changed into a liquid state after heat exchange. The second phase change material heat exchange module 8-2, the fourth phase change material heat exchange module 8-4, and the sixth phase change material heat exchange module 8-6 After the phase change material cools and turns into a solid state, turn on the water pump 4-1, the flow regulating valve 3, the first stop valve 2-1, the third stop valve 2-3, the seventh stop valve 2-7, and close the sixth stop valve 2-6. The second cut-off valve 2-2, after the cold water passes through the cold water outlet 14-4 of the phase change material heat exchanger 8, the water pump 4-1, the flow regulating valve 3, the first cut-off valve 2-1 and the flow meter 1 Flow into the first nozzle 5-1, the second nozzle 5-2, the third nozzle 5-3, the fourth nozzle 5-4, the fifth nozzle 5-5, in the first nozzle 5-1, the second nozzle 5-2 , the third nozzle 5-3, the fourth nozzle 5-4, and the fifth nozzle 5-5 are atomized and sprayed onto the surface to be cooled 6 to reduce the temperature of the surface to be cooled 6, and the hot water after the heat exchange is completed passes through the spray chamber 7, the outlet of the seventh stop valve 2-7 flows into the second phase change material heat exchange module 8-2, the fourth phase change material heat exchange module 8-4, and the sixth phase change material heat exchange module 8-6. The second phase change material heat exchange module 8-2, the fourth phase change material heat exchange module 8-4, and the sixth phase change material heat exchange module 8-6 exchange heat with the phase change material and cool down to cool water to complete the cycle. The phase change material in the second phase change material heat exchange module 8-2, the fourth phase change material heat exchange module 84, and the sixth phase change material heat exchange module 8-6 becomes liquid again;

At the same time, the refrigerant flows into the first phase change material heat exchange module 8-1, the third phase change material heat exchange module 8-3, and the fifth phase change material heat exchange module 8-5 through the outlet of the third stop valve 2-3, Exchange heat with phase change materials in the first phase change material heat exchange module 8-1, third phase change material heat exchange module 8-3, and fifth phase change material heat exchange module 8-5, and the first phase change material exchange The thermal module 8-1, the third phase change material heat exchange module 8-3, and the fifth phase change material heat exchange module 8-5 store cold and turn the phase change material into a solid state;

When the phase change materials in the first phase change material heat exchange module 8-1, the third phase change material heat exchange module 8-3, and the fifth phase change material heat exchange module 8-5 become solid, turn on the second phase change material heat exchange module again. A water pump 4-1, a flow regulating valve 3, the first shut-off valve 2-1, the sixth shut-off valve 2-6, the second shut-off valve 2-2, close the third shut-off valve 2-3, the seventh shut-off valve 2- 7. Repeat to complete the cooling of the surface 6 to be cooled.

The airborne spray cooling system uses modular phase change material heat exchangers for energy storage and ram air and fuel as cold sources, uses water as cooling medium, and has no corrosion and pollution to the surface of laser weapons and electronic equipment; uses external stamping Air is used as the main cooling source, and on-board fuel is used as the auxiliary cooling source. The use of on-board fuel ensures the redundancy and reliability of the spray cooling system when the ram air cannot be used normally. The introduction of phase-change materials allows the system to store cold energy in the phase-change materials when the spray cooling does not need to work, so that it is convenient to turn on the spray cooling device at any time. When the phase change material in a part of the module releases cold energy to the spray medium, at the same time the phase change material in the other part of the module absorbs cold energy from the outside. After the phase change material in the released cold energy module is completely liquefied, the absorbed cold energy is immediately The module is in contact with the spray medium, and the modular design of the phase change material heat exchanger and the alternate heat and cold release ensure the continuous and stable operation of the airborne spray cooling system under the continuous working conditions of the airborne equipment.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of use the energy storage of modularization phase change material heat exchanger and use ram-air and fuel oil as the airborne spraying of cold source Cooling system, it is characterised in that including flowmeter (1), the first shut-off valve (2-1), the second shut-off valve (2-2), third shut-off valve (2-3), the 4th shut-off valve (2-4), the 5th shut-off valve (2-5), the 6th shut-off valve (2-6), the 7th shut-off valve (2-7), flow tune Save valve (3), the first water pump (4-1), the second water pump (4-2), first jet (5-1), second nozzle (5-2), third nozzle (5- 3), the 4th nozzle (5-4), the 5th nozzle (5-5), surface to be cooled (6), spray chamber (7), phase change material heat exchanger (8), first Heat exchanger (9-1), the second heat exchanger (9-2), third heat exchanger (9-3), director valve (10), fuel tank (11), heat pipe (12), Ram-air entrance (13), water tank (15)；

Wherein, phase change material heat exchanger (8) includes the first phase-change material heat exchange module (8-1), the second phase-change material heat exchange module (8-2), third phase-change material heat exchange module (8-3), the 4th phase-change material heat exchange module (8-4), the 5th phase-change material heat exchange mould Block (8-5), the 6th phase-change material heat exchange module (8-6), phase-change material heat exchange module have refrigerant inlet, refrigerant outlet, Cold water inlet, cooling water outlet；

Phase change material heat exchanger (8) has the first refrigerant inlet (14-1), second refrigerant entrance (14-2), refrigerant outlet (14-3), the first cold water inlet (14-5), the second cold water inlet (14-6), cooling water outlet (14-4)；First Heat Exchanger (9-1) tool There are refrigerant inlet, refrigerant outlet, oil-in, oil export；There is second heat exchanger (9-2) refrigerant inlet, refrigerant to go out Mouth, heat pipe interfaces；Third heat exchanger (9-3) has cold air inlet, cold air outlet, heat pipe interfaces；Fuel tank (11) have oil-in, Oil export；

The outlet of water tank (15) is connected with the entrance of the first water pump (4-1), the outlet of the first water pump (4-1) and flow control valve (3) entrance is connected, and the outlet of flow control valve (3) is connected with the entrance of the first shut-off valve (2-1), the first shut-off valve (2-1) Outlet be connected with the entrance of flowmeter (1), the outlet of flowmeter (1) is through the entrance of spray chamber (7) and first jet (5-1) Entrance, the entrance of second nozzle (5-2), the entrance of third nozzle (5-3), the 4th nozzle (5-4) entrance, the 5th nozzle (5- 5) entrance is connected, the outlet of first jet (5-1), the outlet of second nozzle (5-2), the outlet of third nozzle (5-3), the 4th The outlet of nozzle (5-4), the outlet of the 5th nozzle (5-5) are located at the left side side on surface to be cooled (6), the outlet of spray chamber (7) It is connected respectively with the entrance of the entrance of the 6th shut-off valve (2-6) and the 7th shut-off valve (2-7), the outlet of the 6th shut-off valve (2-6) It is connected with the first cold water inlet (14-5) of phase change material heat exchanger (8), the first cold water inlet of phase change material heat exchanger (8) (14-5) enters with the cold water inlet of the first phase-change material heat exchange module (8-1), the cold water of third phase-change material heat exchange module (8-3) Mouth, the cold water inlet of the 5th phase-change material heat exchange module (8-5) are connected, and the outlet of the 7th shut-off valve (2-7) is changed with phase-change material The second cold water inlet (14-6) of hot device (8) is connected, the second cold water inlet (14-6) and the second phase of phase change material heat exchanger (8) Become the cold water inlet of material heat exchange module (8-2), cold water inlet, the 6th phase transformation material of the 4th phase-change material heat exchange module (8-4) Expect that the cold water inlet of heat exchange module (8-6) is connected, cooling water outlet, the second phase transformation material of the first phase-change material heat exchange module (8-1) The material cooling water outlet of heat exchange module (8-2), the cooling water outlet of third phase-change material heat exchange module (8-3), the 4th phase-change material change The cooling water outlet of thermal modules (8-4), the cooling water outlet of the 5th phase-change material heat exchange module (8-5), the 6th phase-change material heat exchange mould The cooling water outlet of block (8-6) is connected with the cooling water outlet (14-4) of phase change material heat exchanger (8), phase change material heat exchanger (8) Cooling water outlet (14-4) is connected with the entrance of water tank (15)；

The outlet of second shut-off valve (2-2) is connected with the second refrigerant entrance (14-2) of phase change material heat exchanger (8), phase transformation material Expect the second refrigerant entrance (14-2) of heat exchanger (8) and the refrigerant inlet of the second phase-change material heat exchange module (8-2), the 4th The refrigerant inlet of phase-change material heat exchange module (8-4), the refrigerant inlet of the 6th phase-change material heat exchange module (8-6) are connected, The outlet of third shut-off valve (2-3) is connected with the first refrigerant inlet (14-1) of phase change material heat exchanger (8), and phase-change material changes The refrigerant inlet of the first refrigerant inlet (14-1) of hot device (8) and the first phase-change material heat exchange module (8-1), third phase transformation The refrigerant inlet of material heat exchange module (8-3), the refrigerant inlet of the 5th phase-change material heat exchange module (8-5) are connected, and first The refrigerant outlet of phase-change material heat exchange module (8-1), the refrigerant outlet of the second phase-change material heat exchange module (8-2), third The refrigerant outlet of phase-change material heat exchange module (8-3), the refrigerant outlet of the 4th phase-change material heat exchange module (8-4), the 5th The refrigerant outlet of phase-change material heat exchange module (8-5), the refrigerant outlet of the 6th phase-change material heat exchange module (8-6) and phase transformation The refrigerant outlet (14-3) of heat exchanger (8) is connected, the refrigerant outlet (14-3) of phase change material heat exchanger (8) respectively with The entrance of 5th shut-off valve (2-5) and the entrance of the 4th shut-off valve (2-4) are connected, the outlet and first of the 5th shut-off valve (2-5) The refrigerant inlet of heat exchanger (9-1) is connected, and the outlet of the 4th shut-off valve (2-4) and the refrigerant of the second heat exchanger (9-2) enter Mouthful be connected, the refrigerant outlet of First Heat Exchanger (9-1) respectively with the entrance of the second shut-off valve (2-2) and third shut-off valve (2- 3) entrance is connected, and the refrigerant outlet of the second heat exchanger (9-2) ends with the entrance of the second shut-off valve (2-2) and third respectively The entrance of valve (2-3) is connected；

The oil export of First Heat Exchanger (9-1) is connected with the entrance of the second water pump (4-2), the outlet of the second water pump (4-2) and oil The oil-in of case (11) is connected, and the oil export of fuel tank (11) is connected with the entrance of director valve (10), director valve (10) Outlet be connected with the oil-in of First Heat Exchanger (9-1)；

The heat pipe interfaces of second heat exchanger (9-2) are connected with the heat pipe interfaces of third heat exchanger (9-3) by heat pipe (12)；

Ram-air entrance (13) is connected with the cold air inlet of third heat exchanger (9-3), the cold air outlet of third heat exchanger (9-3) It is connected with external environment.

2. a kind of use modularization phase change material heat exchanger energy storage according to claim 1 and use ram-air and fuel oil Airborne spray cooling system as cold source, it is characterised in that including following procedure:

Ram-air heat transfer process: the extraneous stamped air intake of low temperature ram-air (13) enters in third heat exchanger (9-3), Cooling capacity is transferred to heat pipe (12) in third heat exchanger (9-3), ram-air temperature after third heat exchanger (9-3), which increases, to be become At hot-air, hot-air flows into external environment；

Fuel On Board heat transfer process: the interior low temperature fuel oil of fuel tank (11) enters in First Heat Exchanger (9-1) through director valve (10), With refrigerant heat exchanger in First Heat Exchanger (9-1), low temperature fuel oil temperature after First Heat Exchanger (9-1), which increases, becomes high temperature combustion Oil, high temp oil-fired flow into fuel tank (11) and complete circulation；

Refrigerant circulating process: when state of flight allows normal use ram-air, the 5th shut-off valve (2-5) is closed, is opened 4th shut-off valve (2-4), cooling capacity of the refrigerant in the second heat exchanger (9-2) with heat pipe (12) transmitting exchanges heat, after the completion of heat exchange Refrigerant through the second heat exchanger (9-2) enter phase change material heat exchanger (8) in, in phase change material heat exchanger (8) with phase transformation material Material heat exchange, refrigerant enters the second heat exchanger (9-2) and completes to recycle after the completion of heat exchange；When state of flight does not allow normal use to rush Press air when, close the 4th shut-off valve (2-4), open the 5th shut-off valve (2-5), refrigerant in First Heat Exchanger (9-1) with Fuel On Board heat exchange, heat exchange enter in phase change material heat exchanger (8) through First Heat Exchanger (9-1) after completing, change in phase-change material It exchanges heat in hot device (8) with phase-change material, refrigerant enters First Heat Exchanger (9-1) and completes to recycle after the completion of heat exchange；

Misting cooling and phase-change material process of cool: when system is run, when surface to be cooled (6) need to radiate, and the first phase transformation Material heat exchange module (8-1), third phase-change material heat exchange module (8-3), the 5th interior phase transformation material of phase-change material heat exchange module (8-5) After material cold-storage completion becomes solid-state, the first water pump (4-1), flow control valve (3), the first shut-off valve (2-1), the 6th cut-off are opened Valve (2-6), the second shut-off valve (2-2), close third shut-off valve (2-3), the 7th shut-off valve (2-7), and cold water is changed through phase-change material Cooling water outlet (14-4), the first water pump (4-1), flow control valve (3), the first shut-off valve (2-1) and the flowmeter of hot device (8) (1) first jet (5-1), second nozzle (5-2), third nozzle (5-3), the 4th nozzle (5-4), the 5th nozzle (5- are flowed into afterwards 5), in first jet (5-1), second nozzle (5-2), third nozzle (5-3), the 4th nozzle (5-4), the 5th nozzle (5-5) Injection reduces the temperature of surface to be cooled (6), the hot water after the completion of exchanging heat is through spray chamber (7) to surface to be cooled (6) after atomization Outlet, the outlet of the 6th shut-off valve (2-6) flow into the first phase-change material heat exchange module (8-1), third phase-change material heat exchange module (8- 3), in the 5th phase-change material heat exchange module (8-5), in the first phase-change material heat exchange module (8-1), third phase-change material heat exchange mould Become cold water with phase-change material heat exchange cooling in block (8-3), the 5th phase-change material heat exchange module (8-5) to complete to recycle, the first phase In change material heat exchange module (8-1), third phase-change material heat exchange module (8-3) and the 5th phase-change material heat exchange module (8-5) Phase-change material becomes liquid；Refrigerant exports through the second shut-off valve (2-2) and flows into the second phase-change material heat exchange module (8- simultaneously 2), the 4th phase-change material heat exchange module (8-4), in the 6th phase-change material heat exchange module (8-6), exchange heat mould in the second phase-change material Block (8-2), the 4th phase-change material heat exchange module (8-4) exchange heat with phase-change material in the 6th phase-change material heat exchange module (8-6), Second phase-change material heat exchange module (8-2), the 4th phase-change material heat exchange module (8-4), the 6th phase-change material heat exchange module (8-6) Interior phase-change material cold-storage becomes solid-state；

When system is run, when surface to be cooled (6) need to radiate, and the first phase-change material heat exchange module (8-1), third phase transformation material Material heat exchange module (8-3), the 5th phase-change material heat exchange module (8-5) interior phase-change material not yet become solid-state, the second phase-change material Heat exchange module (8-2), the 4th phase-change material heat exchange module (8-4) and the 6th phase-change material heat exchange module (8-6) interior phase-change material Cold-storage is completed, and the first water pump (4-1), flow control valve (3), the first shut-off valve (2-1), third shut-off valve (2-3), the 7th are opened Shut-off valve (2-7) closes the 6th shut-off valve (2-6), the second shut-off valve (2-2), cold water of the cold water through phase change material heat exchanger (8) Outlet (14-4), the first water pump (4-1), flow control valve (3), the first shut-off valve (2-1) and flowmeter (1) flow into the first spray afterwards Mouth (5-1), second nozzle (5-2), third nozzle (5-3), the 4th nozzle (5-4), the 5th nozzle (5-5), in first jet (5- 1) it, is sprayed after atomization to cold in second nozzle (5-2), third nozzle (5-3), the 4th nozzle (5-4), the 5th nozzle (5-5) But surface (6) reduce the temperature of surface to be cooled (6), and the hot water after the completion of exchanging heat is through spray chamber (7) outlet, the 7th shut-off valve The outlet (2-7) flows into the second phase-change material heat exchange module (8-2), the 4th phase-change material heat exchange module (8-4), the 6th phase-change material In heat exchange module (8-6), in the second phase-change material heat exchange module (8-2), the 4th phase-change material heat exchange module (8-4), the 6th phase Become in material heat exchange module (8-6) and becomes cold water completion circulation, the second phase-change material heat exchange module with phase-change material heat exchange cooling Phase-change material in (8-2), the 4th phase-change material heat exchange module (8-4) and the 6th phase-change material heat exchange module (8-6) becomes liquid State；Refrigerant exports through third shut-off valve (2-3) and flows into the first phase-change material heat exchange module (8-1), third phase-change material simultaneously In heat exchange module (8-3), the 5th phase-change material heat exchange module (8-5), in the first phase-change material heat exchange module (8-1), third phase It exchanges heat in change material heat exchange module (8-3), the 5th phase-change material heat exchange module (8-5) with phase-change material, the first phase-change material changes Thermal modules (8-1), third phase-change material heat exchange module (8-3), the 5th interior phase-change material cold-storage of phase-change material heat exchange module (8-5) Become solid-state；

When the first phase-change material heat exchange module (8-1), third phase-change material heat exchange module (8-3), the 5th phase-change material heat exchange mould After block (8-5) interior phase-change material becomes solid-state completely, the first water pump (4-1), flow control valve (3), first section are opened again Only valve (2-1), the 6th shut-off valve (2-6), the second shut-off valve (2-2) close third shut-off valve (2-3), the 7th shut-off valve (2- 7), it is repeatedly performed the heat dissipation of surface to be cooled (6).

3. a kind of use modularization phase change material heat exchanger energy storage according to claim 1 and use ram-air and fuel oil Airborne spray cooling system as cold source, it is characterised in that:

The first jet (5-1), second nozzle (5-2), third nozzle (5-3), the 4th nozzle (5-4), the 5th nozzle (5-5) Simultaneously to the cooling water after surface to be cooled (6) jet atomization.

4. a kind of use modularization phase change material heat exchanger energy storage according to claim 1 and use ram-air and fuel oil Airborne spray cooling system as cold source, it is characterised in that:

The first jet (5-1), second nozzle (5-2), third nozzle (5-3), the 4th nozzle (5-4), the 5th nozzle (5-5) It is all closed and is mounted in spray chamber (7) with surface to be cooled (6).

5. a kind of use modularization phase change material heat exchanger energy storage according to claim 1 and use ram-air and fuel oil Airborne spray cooling system as cold source, it is characterised in that:

The phase change material heat exchanger (8) uses modularized design, and phase-change material heat exchange module number is even numbers, according to heat dissipation need Seek the quantity for increasing or decreasing phase-change material heat exchange module.

6. a kind of use modularization phase change material heat exchanger energy storage according to claim 1 and use ram-air and fuel oil Airborne spray cooling system as cold source, it is characterised in that:

Cold-storage and released cold quantity function can be achieved at the same time in various heat exchange module in the phase change material heat exchanger (8), works as phase transformation Material heat exchange module (8-1), phase-change material heat exchange module (8-3), phase-change material heat exchange module (8-5) discharge cold to spraying medium When amount, phase-change material heat exchange module (8-2), phase-change material heat exchange module (8-4), phase-change material heat exchange module (8-6) are from punching press Air or Fuel On Board cold-storage；When phase-change material heat exchange module (8-2), phase-change material heat exchange module (8-4), phase-change material heat exchange When module (8-6) is to spraying medium released cold quantity, phase-change material heat exchange module (8-1), phase-change material heat exchange module (8-3), phase Become material heat exchange module (8-5) from ram-air or Fuel On Board cold-storage.

7. a kind of use modularization phase change material heat exchanger energy storage according to claim 1 and use ram-air and fuel oil Airborne spray cooling system as cold source, it is characterised in that:

The refrigerant is R22, R134a or R407C.

8. a kind of use modularization phase change material heat exchanger energy storage according to claim 1 and use ram-air and fuel oil Airborne spray cooling system as cold source, it is characterised in that:

State is liquid after the interior phase-change material released cold quantity of phase change material heat exchanger (8), and state is solid-state after cold-storage.