CN109025943B - Time-delay type fracturing channel construction method - Google Patents
Time-delay type fracturing channel construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109025943B CN109025943B CN201810953958.0A CN201810953958A CN109025943B CN 109025943 B CN109025943 B CN 109025943B CN 201810953958 A CN201810953958 A CN 201810953958A CN 109025943 B CN109025943 B CN 109025943B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
- E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
- E21B34/10—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells operated by control fluid supplied from outside the borehole
- E21B34/108—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells operated by control fluid supplied from outside the borehole with time delay systems, e.g. hydraulic impedance mechanisms
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Abstract
The invention discloses a time-delay type fracturing channel construction method, and belongs to the field of oil and gas field development. The method is characterized in that a fracturing channel is opened by using a delay sliding sleeve. The construction method of the time-delay type fracturing channel comprises the following steps: acquiring logging information, and completing the design of a well cementation pipe string according to the logging information; determining the opening pressure and the delay time of a delay sliding sleeve in a fixed well pipe string, the filling amount of hydraulic oil and the installation amount of shear pins; the well cementation pipe string is put into a well hole to complete well cementation operation; performing well head pressing to cut off the shear pin, and completing shaft pressure test operation by using the time delay sliding sleeve after the well head is pressed to a preset pressure; and (4) continuing to perform wellhead pressurization until the delay sliding sleeve is completely opened, and completing the establishment of the fracturing channel. By using the time-delay sliding sleeve, the construction requirement of establishing the first section of fracturing channel can be met, the operation is simple, the operation period is short, the cost is low, the communication time of the inner cavity of the inner barrel and the fracturing hole can be precisely controlled, and the pressure test of a shaft is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil and gas field development, in particular to a time-delay type fracturing channel construction method.
Background
In oil and gas field development, fracturing operations are generally required to improve the flow environment of oil in the ground and increase the production of oil wells. It is important to establish a fracture path in the well prior to the fracturing operation.
The related art establishes a fracture path in an oil well by perforating a fracturing string while performing a fracturing operation.
The inventors found that the related art has at least the following problems:
if fracturing operation is required to be carried out in a deeper horizontal well, then, perforation is carried out on a fracturing pipe column so as to establish a fracturing channel in an oil well, so that the period is long, the cost is high, and the requirement of shaft pressure test cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a time-delay type fracturing channel construction method, which can solve the technical problem. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a construction method of a delay type fracturing channel is characterized in that the fracturing channel is opened by using a delay sliding sleeve, and the delay sliding sleeve comprises: the left joint, the outer cylinder and the right joint are sequentially connected from left to right, and the inner cylinder, the separating ring, the time delay mechanism and the shear pin are connected;
the inner diameter of the inner cylinder is gradually reduced from left to right, and the inner cylinder is slidably sleeved in the outer cylinder;
the inner cylinder is connected with the right joint through the shear pin, and a sealed annular space is arranged between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder;
a fracturing hole positioned on the left side of the annular space is formed in the side wall of the outer barrel;
the separating ring is arranged in the annular space and is used for separating the annular space into a left chamber and a right chamber, and a delay channel for accommodating the delay mechanism is arranged on the separating ring;
hydraulic oil is arranged in the right chamber, and the delay mechanism is used for controlling the flow of the hydraulic oil and the on-off of the right chamber and the left chamber;
the construction method of the time-delay type fracturing channel comprises the following steps:
acquiring logging information, and completing the design of a well cementation pipe string according to the logging information;
determining the opening pressure and the delay time of the delay sliding sleeve in the solid well pipe string, the filling amount of hydraulic oil and the installation number of the shear pins;
putting the well cementation pipe string into a well hole to finish well cementation operation;
pressing the well mouth to cut off the shear pin, and completing pressure test operation of the shaft by using the time-delay sliding sleeve after the well mouth is pressed to a preset pressure;
and continuously pressurizing the wellhead until the delay sliding sleeve is completely opened, and finishing the establishment of the fracturing channel.
In one possible design, the time delay mechanism includes: and the pressure limiting valve and the flow control valve are sequentially arranged in the delay channel from left to right.
In one possible design, the fracturing holes are plugged by a dissolvable plug.
In one possible design, the outer barrel and the right joint are connected by a double male nipple.
In a possible design, first sealing rings are arranged between the outer cylinder and the left joint, between the inner cylinder and the separating ring, and between the outer cylinder and the double male short sections.
In one possible design, a second sealing ring is arranged between the double male short section and the inner cylinder.
In one possible design, a third sealing ring is arranged between the double male nipple and the right joint.
In one possible design, the left joint is screwed to the outer cylinder.
In one possible design, a bumping assembly is arranged in the shaft, and the delay sliding sleeve is arranged at least 20m above the bumping assembly.
In one possible design, the circulation pressure at the time delay sliding sleeve is 10MPa-15MPa lower than the set opening pressure in the process of descending the well cementation pipe string into the well hole.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the time-delay type fracturing channel construction method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the time-delay sliding sleeve is used, so that the construction requirement for establishing the first-stage fracturing channel can be met, the operation is simple, the operation period is short, the cost is low, the communication time of the inner cavity of the inner barrel and the fracturing hole can be precisely controlled, and the pressure test of a shaft is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a time-delay sliding sleeve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a first partial schematic view of a time-delay sliding sleeve provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a left side view of the inner barrel provided by the present embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a second partial schematic view of the time-delay sliding sleeve provided by the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of an application of the delay sliding sleeve according to the embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numerals denote:
1, a left joint is arranged at the left part,
2, an outer cylinder is arranged on the outer cylinder,
201 the holes are fractured by the pressure, and,
3 the right joint is connected with the right joint,
4, an inner cylinder is arranged in the inner cylinder,
5, separating the ring, wherein the separating ring is provided with a plurality of separating rings,
6, a time-delay mechanism is arranged,
601 a pressure-limiting valve is arranged on the valve body,
602 the flow control valve is set in the valve body,
7, cutting the nails by a nail cutter,
8, a left chamber and a right chamber,
9 the right chamber of the chamber, 9,
10 of the double male short section,
11 impact the assembly.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the invention provides a construction method of a delay type fracturing channel. As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, the delay sliding sleeve comprises: the device comprises a left joint 1, an outer cylinder 2, a right joint 3, an inner cylinder 4, a separating ring 5, a time delay mechanism 6 and shear pins 7 which are connected in sequence from left to right. Wherein, the inner diameter of the inner cylinder 4 is gradually reduced from left to right, and the inner cylinder is slidably sleeved in the outer cylinder 2. The inner cylinder 4 is connected with the right joint 3 through a shear pin 7, and a sealed annular space is arranged between the inner cylinder 4 and the outer cylinder 2. The sidewall of the outer cylinder 2 is provided with a fracturing hole 201 on the left side of the annular space. The separating ring 5 is arranged in the annular space and is used for separating the annular space into a left chamber 8 and a right chamber 9, and a delay channel for accommodating the delay mechanism 6 is arranged on the separating ring 5. Hydraulic oil is arranged in the right chamber 9, and the delay mechanism 6 is used for controlling the flow of the hydraulic oil and the on-off of the right chamber 9 and the left chamber 8.
The construction method of the time-delay type fracturing channel comprises the following steps:
step 1, obtaining logging information, and completing the design of a well cementation pipe string according to the logging information;
step 3, putting the well cementation pipe string into the well hole to finish the well cementation operation;
and 5, continuing to perform wellhead pressurization until the delay sliding sleeve is completely opened, and completing the establishment of the fracturing channel.
Specifically, when fracturing operation needs to be carried out in a deeper horizontal well, the left joint 1 and the right joint 3 are respectively connected with the casing and are put into a borehole along with the casing, and well cementation operation is completed. Then, pressure testing operation is carried out, pressure is pumped from the wellhead to the interior of the sleeve, and the inner diameter of the inner barrel 4 is gradually reduced from left to right, so that the right part of the inner barrel 4 is stressed greatly (namely, the pressure intensity is high), and when the pressure applied to the inner barrel 4 reaches a preset value, the shear pin 7 is sheared off. At the moment, the wellhead is continuously pressed until the pressure value in the shaft reaches the pressure value required by shaft pressure testing, the inner cylinder 4 starts to move rightwards, and then hydraulic oil in the right chamber 9 is compressed to flow into the delay mechanism 6, after the wellhead is pressed to the preset pressure value, the right chamber 9 is communicated with the left chamber 8, the hydraulic oil in the right chamber 9 continuously flows into the left chamber 8 through the delay mechanism 6, and the inner cylinder 4 continues to move rightwards to complete shaft pressure testing operation. When the inner cylinder 4 moves to the inner cavity to be communicated with the fracturing hole 201, the delay sliding sleeve is opened, and the establishment of a fracturing channel is completed. In the process, the delay mechanism 6 can control the flow rate of the hydraulic oil flowing from the right chamber 9 to the left chamber 8 by changing the wellhead pressurizing force.
According to the construction method of the time-delay type fracturing channel provided by the embodiment of the invention, the time-delay sliding sleeve is used, so that the construction requirement of establishing the first-stage fracturing channel can be met, the operation is simple, the operation period is short, the cost is low, the communication time of the inner cavity of the inner barrel 4 and the fracturing hole 201 can be precisely controlled, and the pressure test of a shaft can be realized.
In order to achieve the current and pressure limiting function of the extending mechanism 6, as shown in fig. 4, the time delay mechanism 6 includes: and the pressure limiting valve 601 and the flow control valve 602 are sequentially arranged in the delay channel from left to right.
Specifically, when the inner cylinder 4 starts moving rightward and compresses the hydraulic oil in the right chamber 9, the hydraulic oil first flows into the flow control valve 602, and the flow rate through the flow control valve 602 is different according to the magnitude of the wellhead pressurizing force. If the force of the hydraulic oil flowing through the flow control valve 602 acting on the pressure limiting valve 601 is smaller than the rated pressure of the pressure limiting valve 601, the pressure limiting valve 601 is in a closed state, and the hydraulic oil cannot flow into the left chamber 8. If the acting force of the hydraulic oil flowing through the flow control valve 602 on the pressure limiting valve 601 is larger than the rated pressure of the pressure limiting valve 601, the pressure limiting valve 601 is opened, the hydraulic oil flows into the left chamber 8, and the inner cylinder 4 moves to the right.
In order to prevent solid particles from slipping in the process of the time-delay sliding sleeve entering a well and cementing operation, which affects subsequent pressure test operation and smooth operation of establishing a fracturing channel, the fracturing hole 201 can be plugged by a soluble plug.
Wherein "soluble plug" refers to: plugs made with soluble materials are common in the art, and may be, for example, soluble magnesium aluminum alloys.
In order to ensure that the outer cylinder 2 is connected and fastened with the right joint 3 and simultaneously facilitate the installation of the pin 7, the outer cylinder 2 and the right joint 3 can be connected through a double male short joint 10.
In order to ensure that the outer cylinder 2 has better sealing performance with the left joint 1, the inner cylinder 4 and the double male short section 10, first sealing rings can be arranged between the outer cylinder 2 and the left joint 1, the inner cylinder 4 and the double male short section 10.
In order to ensure that the double male short section 10 and the inner cylinder 4 have better sealing performance, a second sealing ring is arranged between the double male short section 10 and the inner cylinder 4.
In order to ensure that the double male short section 10 and the right joint 3 have better sealing performance, a third sealing ring is arranged between the double male short section 10 and the right joint 3.
In order to ensure that the left joint 1 is tightly connected with the outer cylinder 2 and is convenient to detach, the left joint 1 can be connected with the outer cylinder 2 in a threaded manner. Wherein, be provided with the internal thread on the left end inner wall of urceolus 2, be provided with the external screw thread with this internal thread looks adaptation on the outer wall of left side joint 1.
In summary, when the time-delay sliding sleeve provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for establishing the first-stage (front end) fracturing channel operation of the deep long-horizontal-stage shale gas well, the construction requirement for establishing the first-stage fracturing channel can be met, the operation is simple, the operation period is short, the cost is low, the communication time between the inner cavity of the inner cylinder 4 and the fracturing hole 201 can be precisely controlled, the pressure test of the shaft is realized, and when the pressure test of the shaft needs to be suspended due to other factors, the pressure in the inner cylinder 4 is only required to be reduced to the opening value of the pressure limiting valve 601.
Furthermore, the pin 7 according to the invention can be replaced by an actuating ring or a rupture disc or the like. The pin, the starting ring and the rupture disc all refer to the opening mode of the time-delay sliding sleeve, namely the time-delay sliding sleeve can be opened through the pin and also can be opened through the starting ring or the rupture disc.
The time-delay sliding sleeve is suitable for vertical wells, highly-deviated wells and horizontal wells of natural gas wells, coal bed gas wells, shale gas wells and the like, is suitable for various well completion modes such as open hole well completion, casing well completion and the like, and is particularly suitable for first-section fracturing yield-increasing transformation construction of deep long-horizontal-section shale gas wells.
In step 1, the logging data includes: the method comprises the following steps of obtaining information such as formation pressure, well temperature, maximum vertical depth, production casing parameters, performance of liquid in a shaft and the like, selecting a delay sliding sleeve with corresponding temperature, pressure and size in subsequent operation by obtaining the information, and completing the design of a well cementation pipe string according to the information. In the process, in order to ensure that no cement remains on the inner surface of the delay sleeve and the delay sleeve can be smoothly opened, the delay sleeve can be arranged at least 20m above the bumping assembly 11, see fig. 5.
Wherein, the lower part of the collision pressure assembly 11 is a conical structure, the taper is matched with the delay sliding sleeve, before the displacement liquid is displaced, a collision pressure positioning rubber valve is put into the collision pressure assembly 11 to isolate cement paste from the displacement liquid, and after the cement paste displacement is in place, the collision pressure display is carried out, thereby realizing the accurate positioning of the cement plug.
In order to accurately determine the opening pressure and the delay time of the delay sliding sleeve in the well fixing pipe string, the injection amount of hydraulic oil and the installation amount of the shear pins 7, the data such as the formation pressure, the predicted maximum construction pump pressure and discharge amount during well fixing, the well fixing collision pressure, the well pressure testing pressure, the performance of liquid in the well are required to be obtained in advance.
In addition, before entering the well, the structural size, the connection buckle type and the switch state of the delay sliding sleeve need to be checked to confirm whether the delay sliding sleeve is matched with a sleeve used on site, and meanwhile, the on-site passing test of the well cementation rubber plug is completed to ensure the well cementation construction to be smooth.
In order to ensure that the well cementation pipe string can be smoothly put in, simulation drifting construction operation can be carried out. Wherein, the effective length of the simulation drifting tool is not less than 1.2 times of the length of the delay sliding sleeve, and the maximum outer diameter is 2 mm-3 mm (such as 2.2mm, 2.5 mm) larger than the maximum outer diameter of the delay sliding sleeve.
In order to ensure the smooth running of the well cementation pipe string, the running speed of the pipe string is controlled to be 30-40 s/piece in the technical casing section, and the running speed of the pipe string is controlled to be 60-120 s/piece in the open hole section.
When well cementation operation is carried out, the circulating pressure generated at the position of the delay sliding sleeve is 10MPa to 15MPa lower than the set starting pressure; a rubber plug is put into the shaft, and a retarding liquid is added to delay the consolidation time of the well cementation cement slurry at the delay sliding sleeve so as to better complete the replacement of the well cementation cement slurry and reduce the residual cement on the inner surface of the delay sliding sleeve; when the rubber plug reaches the collision assembly 11, the generated collision pressure is 10MPa-15MPa less than the set starting pressure of the delay sliding sleeve.
In addition, before the opening operation of the delay sliding sleeve, the work of drifting, casing scraping and the like can be carried out so as to ensure that the delay sliding sleeve is not opened in advance, the outer diameter of a drifting tool is smaller than the inner diameter of the delay sliding sleeve by 4-6 mm, and the drifting depth is 10-15 m below the delay sliding sleeve; if the drift size and scraper integrated tubular column is used for construction, the scraper does not pass through the delay sliding sleeve.
In order to meet the design requirements of daily construction, after the shear pin 7 is sheared by a wellhead pressing mode, the pressure can be continuously pressed to a wellhead to a pressure value of a shaft pressure test for 30min, if the pressure drop is not more than 0.7MPa, the shaft pressure test operation is finished, and the shaft pressure test operation is qualified.
Subsequently, according to the design requirement is opened to the time delay sliding sleeve, continuously suppress until the time delay sliding sleeve opens, in order to ensure that the time delay sliding sleeve opens completely, can continue to improve discharge capacity to 1.5 square minute to pay close attention to the pump pressure change.
The above description is only an illustrative embodiment of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A construction method of a delay type fracturing channel is characterized in that the method is used for opening the fracturing channel by using a delay sliding sleeve, and the delay sliding sleeve comprises the following steps: the device comprises a left joint (1), an outer cylinder (2) and a right joint (3) which are connected in sequence from left to right, and further comprises an inner cylinder (4), a separating ring (5), a time delay mechanism (6) and shear pins (7);
the inner diameter of the inner cylinder (4) is gradually reduced from left to right, and the inner cylinder is slidably sleeved in the outer cylinder (2);
the inner cylinder (4) is connected with the right joint (3) through the shear pin (7), and a sealed annular space is arranged between the inner cylinder (4) and the outer cylinder (2);
a fracturing hole (201) positioned on the left side of the annular space is formed in the side wall of the outer barrel (2);
the separating ring (5) is arranged in the annular space and is used for separating the annular space into a left chamber (8) and a right chamber (9), and a delay channel for accommodating the delay mechanism (6) is arranged on the separating ring (5);
be provided with hydraulic oil in right side cavity (9), delay mechanism (6) are used for controlling the flow of hydraulic oil, and right side cavity (9) with the break-make of left cavity (8), wherein delay mechanism (6) include: the pressure limiting valve (601) and the flow control valve (602) are sequentially arranged in the delay channel from left to right;
the construction method of the time-delay type fracturing channel comprises the following steps:
acquiring logging information, and completing the design of a well cementation pipe string according to the logging information, wherein the logging information comprises formation pressure, well temperature, maximum vertical depth, production casing parameters and liquid performance in a shaft, and the temperature, the pressure and the size of the delay sliding sleeve are selected according to the logging information;
determining the opening pressure and the delay time of the delay sliding sleeve in the well fixing pipe string, the filling amount of hydraulic oil and the installation amount of the shear pins (7) according to the formation pressure, the predicted maximum construction pump pressure and discharge capacity during well fixing, the well fixing collision pressure, the well shaft pressure testing pressure and the performance of liquid in the well shaft;
putting the well cementation pipe string into a well hole to finish well cementation operation;
carry out the well head and suppress, make shear pin (7) cut to suppress to predetermineeing behind the pressure at the well head, utilize the time delay sliding sleeve accomplishes the pit shaft pressure testing operation, wherein utilize the time delay sliding sleeve accomplishes the pit shaft pressure testing operation and includes: the inner cylinder (4) moves rightwards, hydraulic oil in the right chamber (9) is compressed, the hydraulic oil enters a flow control valve (602) of the delay mechanism (6), when acting force of the hydraulic oil flowing through the flow control valve (602) on the pressure limiting valve (601) is larger than rated pressure of the pressure limiting valve (601), the pressure limiting valve (601) is opened, the right chamber (9) is communicated with the left chamber (8), the hydraulic oil in the right chamber (9) flows into the left chamber (8), and the inner cylinder (4) continues to move rightwards, so that pressure test operation of the shaft is completed;
and continuously pressurizing the wellhead until the delay sliding sleeve is completely opened, and finishing the establishment of the fracturing channel.
2. The time-lapse fracturing channel construction method of claim 1, wherein the fracturing holes (201) are plugged by a dissolvable plug.
3. The delay-type fracturing channel construction method according to claim 1, wherein the outer barrel (2) and the right joint (3) are connected through a double male nipple (10).
4. The time-delay type fracturing channel construction method according to claim 3, wherein first sealing rings are arranged among the outer cylinder (2), the left joint (1), the inner cylinder (4), the separating ring (5) and the double male short section (10).
5. The delay fracturing channel construction method according to claim 3, wherein a second sealing ring is arranged between the double male short section (10) and the inner cylinder (4).
6. The delay-type fracturing channel construction method according to claim 3, wherein a third sealing ring is arranged between the double male short joint (10) and the right joint (3).
7. The delay-type fracturing channel construction method according to claim 1, wherein the left joint (1) is screwed with the outer cylinder (2).
8. The delay type fracturing channel construction method according to claim 1, wherein a collision assembly (11) is arranged in the shaft, and the delay sliding sleeve is arranged at least 20m above the collision assembly (11).
9. The time-delay type fracturing channel construction method according to claim 1, wherein in the process of descending the well cementation pipe string into a well hole, the circulating pressure at the time-delay sliding sleeve is 10MPa-15MPa lower than the set opening pressure.
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| CN110374552A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-10-25 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Large-drift-diameter toe end sliding sleeve and method for establishing channel between shaft casing and stratum |
| CN112483009B (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2022-11-25 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Fracturing connector and well cementation tubular column comprising same |
| CN110593837B (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2020-05-05 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司西南油气田分公司工程技术研究院 | Fracturing construction operation method for soluble full-bore sliding sleeve |
| CN110513095B (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2021-06-08 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司 | Oil and gas well fracturing transformation process adopting controllable delay opening toe end sliding sleeve |
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| CN111997565B (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2024-11-19 | 重庆双标石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Continuous pressure cementing sliding sleeve and fracturing method thereof |
| CN112049606B (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2024-02-06 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Time-delay opening toe end sliding sleeve and opening method thereof |
| CN113232141A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-08-10 | 姚中杰 | Vacuum casting device and process for refractory material |
| CN113914819A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-01-11 | 荆州市赛瑞能源技术有限公司 | A hydraulic sliding sleeve for fracturing |
| CN114198078B (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2024-05-17 | 西南石油大学 | Nonlinear-guide infinite-stage full-drift-diameter well cementation sliding sleeve construction process method |
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