CN109020083B - Combined treatment process for bioengineering pharmaceutical wastewater - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of treatment of water, wastewater, sewage or sludge, and particularly discloses a combined treatment process of pharmaceutical wastewater in bioengineering, which comprises a pretreatment step and a biochemical treatment step, wherein the pretreatment step comprises the following steps: (1) removing suspended matters through a filtering device; (2) adding concentrated sulfuric acid into the wastewater treated in the step (1) to ensure that the pH value of the wastewater is 1-2 and the temperature of the wastewater is kept at 60-80 ℃; (3) adding quicklime into the wastewater treated in the step (2), adjusting the pH of the wastewater to be 6-8, and then cooling the wastewater; (4) filtering the wastewater treated in the step (3), and then heating the wastewater, wherein the temperature of the wastewater is kept at 80-120 ℃; (5) and (4) recovering the wastewater treated in the step (4) to normal temperature, and filtering. The process has simple treatment steps and short treatment time, and is not easy to cause secondary pollution.

Description

Combined treatment process for bioengineering pharmaceutical wastewater

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of treatment of water, wastewater, sewage or sludge, and particularly discloses a combined treatment process for pharmaceutical wastewater in bioengineering.

Background

The pharmaceutical industry in China is mainly divided into bioengineering pharmacy, chemical pharmacy and Chinese herbal medicine pharmacy, wherein the wastewater discharged by the bioengineering pharmacy has the following characteristics:

(1)COD_crthe concentration is high;

(2) the suspended matter (SS) has high concentration and mainly comprises fermented residual culture medium and fermented microbial thallus;

(3) comprises various bioactive substances (such as antibiotics and live tubercle bacillus, influenza virus, rabies virus, etc.), amino acids and some pharmaceutical intermediates. Since the bioactive substances in the wastewater are generally infectious, pathogenic and ecological toxic, the bioactive substances must be degraded or inactivated during wastewater treatment. The existing method for degrading or inactivating the bioactive substances is complex, has long treatment time and is easy to cause secondary pollution.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a combined treatment process for bioengineering pharmaceutical wastewater, which has simple treatment steps, short treatment time and difficult secondary pollution.

In order to achieve the purpose, the basic scheme of the invention is as follows:

a combined treatment process for bioengineering pharmaceutical wastewater, comprising a pretreatment step and a biochemical treatment step, wherein the pretreatment step comprises the following steps:

(1) removing suspended matters through a filtering device;

(2) adding concentrated sulfuric acid into the wastewater treated in the step (1) to ensure that the pH value of the wastewater is 1-2 and the temperature of the wastewater is kept at 60-80 ℃;

(3) adding quicklime into the wastewater treated in the step (2), adjusting the pH of the wastewater to be 6-8, and then cooling the wastewater;

(4) filtering the wastewater treated in the step (3), and then heating the wastewater, wherein the temperature of the wastewater is kept at 80-120 ℃;

(5) and (4) recovering the wastewater treated in the step (4) to normal temperature, and filtering.

The working principle and the beneficial effects of the basic scheme are as follows:

when the process is adopted, the filtering device is firstly adopted to cut off large-size suspended matters and floating matters in the wastewater, so that the clarity of the wastewater is improved.

Then, concentrated sulfuric acid is added into the wastewater and heated to 60-80 ℃, on one hand, the concentrated sulfuric acid and the higher temperature of the wastewater inactivate bioactive substances in the wastewater, and on the other hand, the wastewater heating can effectively promote the dissolution of some difficultly-dissolved substances in the wastewater and the volatilization of some low-boiling-point solvents (mostly organic solvents with boiling points less than that of water), thereby reducing the solubility of some fat-soluble chemical substances in the wastewater.

Then using quicklime to make pH of waste water be 6-8, the main component of quicklime is calcium oxide, the calcium oxide is added into the waste water to produce turbid calcium hydroxide, andpart of calcium hydroxide and sulfate radicals are used for producing calcium sulfate precipitate to remove sulfate radicals in wastewater, prevent secondary pollution of wastewater caused by added sulfate radicals and prevent wastewater containing a large amount of sulfate radicals from being discharged into water (sulfate radicals have strong inhibiting effect on microorganisms and can cause the water to generate foul smell and corrosive H₂S, direct harm to human health and ecological balance).

And then cooling the wastewater to separate out chemical substances with the solubility greatly influenced by the temperature in the wastewater.

For the biological engineering pharmaceutical wastewater, the water content in the wastewater is much higher than that of the chemical synthesis wastewater, so the main purpose of raising the temperature of the filtered wastewater to 80-120 ℃ is as follows: the biological active substances in the wastewater are thoroughly inactivated by boiling, the volatilized gas mainly contains water vapor, and workers can separate the volatilized water vapor, pour a water layer, collect an organic layer and recycle the organic layer or use the organic layer as fuel.

In conclusion, the bioengineering pharmacy waste water treated by the process has simple treatment steps, short treatment time and difficult secondary pollution.

Further, the temperature holding time of 60-80 ℃ in the step (2) is 1-2 h.

When the temperature holding time is less than 1h, the low boiling point organic solvent in the wastewater is not fully volatilized, and when the temperature holding time is more than 2h, the volatilized low boiling point solvent is less and less, the volatilization effect of the organic solvent is reduced, and the cost is greatly increased due to continuous heating.

Further, the temperature holding time of 80-120 ℃ in the step (4) is 2-4 h.

When the temperature is kept for 2-4h, the inactivation of the bioactive substances in the wastewater can be ensured more thoroughly.

Further, the cooling temperature of the step (3) is 5-10 ℃ below zero. When the cooling temperature is minus 5-10 ℃, more chemical substances are separated out from the wastewater.

Further, the biochemical processing step includes:

(1) anaerobic treatment, namely stirring and precipitating the pretreated wastewater under an anaerobic condition;

(2) aerobic treatment, namely performing aerobic aeration and sedimentation on the wastewater subjected to the anaerobic treatment;

(3) settling and coagulating sedimentation.

The biochemical treatment step has better treatment effect on the wastewater.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail below by way of specific embodiments:

reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the device comprises a box body 1, a water inlet pipe 11, a water outlet pipe 12, a rotating shaft 31, a motor 32, a capturing fan blade 33, an adsorption cavity 34, a feeding chamber 4, a sundry storage chamber 5, a second material baffle plate 51, a first material baffle part 6, a first vertical driving rod 61, a second vertical driving rod 62, a pressing plate 63 and a material storage cavity 64.

Examples

A combined treatment process for bioengineering pharmaceutical wastewater comprises a pretreatment step and a biochemical treatment step, wherein the pretreatment step comprises the following steps:

(1) removing suspended matters through a filtering device;

(2) adding concentrated sulfuric acid into the wastewater treated in the step (1) to ensure that the pH value of the wastewater is 1-2, keeping the temperature of the wastewater at 60-80 ℃ for 1-2h, uniformly condensing and collecting volatilized gas by workers, separating by using an existing separator, taking out an organic layer for fuel combustion, and pouring a water layer;

(3) adding quicklime into the wastewater treated in the step (2), adjusting the pH of the wastewater to be 6-8, and then cooling the wastewater to-5-10 ℃;

(4) filtering the wastewater treated in the step (3) by using a filtering device, heating the wastewater, keeping the temperature of the wastewater at 80-120 ℃ for 2-4h, uniformly condensing and collecting volatilized gas, separating by using an existing separator, taking out an organic layer for fuel combustion, and pouring a water layer;

(5) and (4) recovering the wastewater treated in the step (4) to normal temperature, and filtering by adopting a filtering device.

The biochemical treatment step comprises:

(1) anaerobic treatment, namely stirring the pretreated wastewater for 7 hours under an anaerobic condition, and precipitating for 2 hours;

(2) aerobic treatment, namely carrying out aerobic aeration on the wastewater subjected to the anaerobic treatment for 6 hours and precipitating for 2 hours;

(3) settling and coagulating sedimentation.

As shown in fig. 1, the filtering device used in the treatment process includes a cylindrical box 1, and a water inlet pipe 11 and a water outlet pipe 12 are respectively disposed on two sides of the box 1, and it is preferable that the water inlet pipe 11 is close to the top of the box 1 and the water outlet pipe 12 is close to the bottom of the box 1 in this embodiment.

The box body 1 is provided with a catching fan blade 33 and a rotating shaft 31 which is horizontally arranged, preferably, the rotating shaft 31 is sealed and horizontally and rotatably connected in the box body 1, and one end of the rotating shaft 31 is connected with a motor 32 (an output shaft of the motor 32 is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft 31). The catching blades 33 are fixedly connected (preferably welded in this embodiment) to the rotating shaft 31, the edges of the catching blades 33 are hermetically and slidably connected to the inner side wall of the box body 1, the longitudinal section of the catching blades 33 is arc-shaped and protrudes toward the water inlet pipe 11, and the number of the catching blades 33 is preferably four in this embodiment.

The top of box 1 is equipped with feed chamber 4, and the bottom of box 1 is equipped with stores up miscellaneous room 5, and open at the top of box 1 has first hourglass material hole, and open the bottom of box 1 has second hourglass material hole, has the absorption cavity 34 that is used for storing up the survivability charcoal in catching flabellum 33, and it has the through-hole (not drawn in the picture) to open on the lateral wall of catching flabellum 33, and the size of through-hole is less than the size of active carbon granule to along the flow direction of waste water, the size of through-hole on four catching flabellums 33 reduces in proper order. One end of the catching fan blade 33 can be communicated with the feeding chamber 4 through the first material leaking hole, and the other end of the catching fan blade 33 is communicated with the impurity storage chamber 5 through the second material leaking hole.

The horizontal surface in the impurity storage chamber 5 is movably connected with a second baffle 51, and the second baffle 51 can seal and block the second material leakage hole.

The feeding chamber 4 is internally provided with a first material blocking part 6 and a material storage cavity 64 for storing activated carbon, and the lower side wall of the material storage cavity 64 is provided with a material outlet.

First fender material 6 includes first vertical drive pole 61, second vertical drive pole 62 and clamp plate 63, the top fixed connection of first vertical drive pole 61 and clamp plate 63, the vertical central line of first vertical drive pole 61 is perpendicular with the horizontal central line of clamp plate 63, and the one side that storage cavity 64 was kept away from with clamp plate 63 to second vertical drive pole 62 is articulated, and the one end that clamp plate 63 is close to storage cavity 64 can the downswing. When the pressing plate 63 is horizontally positioned at the bottom of the feeding chamber 4, the pressing plate 63 seals the discharge hole of the storage cavity 64.

When the filtering device is adopted, the method specifically comprises the following steps,

(1) feeding, vertical upward movement first vertical drive pole 61, because the top fixed connection of first vertical drive pole 61 and clamp plate 63, so when the vertical upward movement of first vertical drive pole 61, clamp plate 63 can keep the vertical upward movement of level, when clamp plate 63 staggers with the discharge gate, the active carbon in the storage cavity 64 leaks from the discharge gate, and fall on the top in first hourglass material hole, order about the reciprocal vertical movement of first vertical drive pole 61 this moment, first vertical drive pole 61 orders about clamp plate 63 and extrudes the active carbon gradually into in the absorption cavity 34 of catching flabellum 33.

When activated carbon is filled in the adsorption cavity 34 of the fan blade 33 to be captured, the second vertical driving rod 62 is controlled, the first vertical driving rod 61 is loosened, one end of the pressing plate 63, which is close to the storage cavity 64, can swing downwards under the action of self gravity (the pressing plate 63 is required to be guaranteed to swing to be vertical by the height of the first vertical driving rod 61 driving the pressing plate 63 to move upwards vertically), subsequently, the second vertical driving rod 62 is driven to move downwards vertically, when one end of the pressing plate 63, which is close to the box body 1, contacts with the top of the box body 1, the pressing plate 63 gradually swings to the horizontal, the pressing plate 63 swings to the horizontal from the vertical direction in the process, and the pressing plate 63 pushes redundant activated carbon in the feeding chamber 4 into the storage.

(2) Firstly, the wastewater to be filtered is introduced into the water inlet pipe 11, and simultaneously the motor 32 is started, and the motor 32 drives the catching fan blades 33 to horizontally rotate through the rotating shaft 31. In the flowing process, the wastewater enters the adsorption cavity 34 through the through hole on one side of the catching fan blade 33 and then flows out from the through hole on the other side of the catching fan blade 33. The activated carbon in the adsorption cavity 34 can filter and adsorb large suspended substances and floating substances in the wastewater.

When feeding and filtering waste water, a second baffle needs to be ensured to seal and plug the second material leakage hole.

(3) And (3) replacing the activated carbon, after the wastewater is filtered, the wastewater in the box body 1 flows out from the water outlet pipe 12, the second baffle 51 is controlled not to seal and plug the second material leakage hole, and the activated carbon in the capturing fan blade 33 adsorption cavity 34 falls into the impurity storage chamber 5 through the second material leakage hole under the action of self gravity.

The catching fan blades 33 are arc-shaped and protrude towards the direction of the water inlet pipe 11, so that the contact surface area of the wastewater and the activated carbon is increased; when filtering, the rotation of catching flabellum 33 can accelerate the flow of waste water in box 1 to accelerate the adsorption speed of activated carbon to suspended matters and floaters in waste water.

According to the above treatment process, the embodiment is specifically set as follows:

specific parameters of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 6 are shown in Table 1 below.

Wherein the temperature holding time in step (2) is hereinafter abbreviated as T₂The cooling temperature in the step (3) is hereinafter abbreviated as T₃The temperature holding time in the step (4) is hereinafter abbreviated as T₄Examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-6 with the exception of T₂、T₃And T₄Otherwise, the other process steps and parameters are the same.

By measuring the COD of the influent water quality of the wastewater_Cr(abbreviated as COD)₀) COD (chemical oxygen demand) of effluent water quality_t) The COD removal rate was calculated using the following formula:

COD_{removal rate}＝(COD₀-COD_t)/COD_t×100％

TABLE 1

And (4) conclusion:

(1) comparison of examples 1-4 shows that no bioactive substances were detected in any of the effluent qualities of examples 1-4, and that at T₂＝2h，T₃＝10℃，T₄The highest COD removal rate was obtained at 4h, the best biodegradability of the effluent quality and was observed by eye, example 4 (T)₂＝2h，T₃At-5 ℃ and T₄4h), the most precipitate is precipitated from the waste water, in any case, when T is₂＝2h，T₃At-5 ℃ and T₄When the time is 4 hours, the treatment effect of the waste water is best.

(2) When T is obtained by comparing example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2₂When the time is less than 1h, the biodegradability and the COD removal rate of the effluent quality of the comparative example 1 are poorer than those of the example 1; when T is₂When the time is more than 2 hours, the biochemical degradation performance of the effluent quality of the comparative example 2 is similar to that of the example 1, but the COD removal rate of the comparative example 2 is obviously improved compared with that of the example 1, and the T is improved within a certain range₂Time is helpful to improve the COD removal rate of the wastewater, but the cost is increased due to the extension of the heating time. In summary, at T₂When the time is 1-2h, the biodegradability and COD removal rate of the wastewater are both better, and the heating cost is lower.

In a similar manner, at T₄When the time is 2-4h, the biodegradability and COD removal rate of the wastewater are both better, and the heating cost is lower.

At T₃At < 5 ℃ below zero, the biodegradability and COD removal rate of comparative example 3 were similar to those of example 1, and the amount of precipitated precipitates in the wastewater was also similar to those observed with the naked eye, but when T was reached to maintain the cooling temperature of the wastewater₃The cooling cost of less than 5 ℃ below zero is large, and the large-scale production and application are not facilitated. At T₃At 5 ℃, the biodegradability and the COD removal rate of the comparative example 4 are similar to those of the example 1, but the precipitation amount in the wastewater is observed to be far lower than that of the example 1 by naked eyes. In conclusion, when T is₃The best amount of precipitate was observed by naked eyes in the wastewater at-5 to-10 ℃.

The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and common general knowledge of known specific structures and features of the embodiments is not described herein in any greater detail. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent.

Claims (5)

1. A combined treatment process for bioengineering pharmaceutical wastewater, which comprises a pretreatment step and a biochemical treatment step, and is characterized in that the pretreatment step comprises the following steps:

(1) removing suspended matters through a filtering device;

(2) adding concentrated sulfuric acid into the wastewater treated in the step (1) to ensure that the pH of the wastewater is =1-2 and the temperature of the wastewater is kept at 60-80 ℃;

(3) adding quicklime into the wastewater treated in the step (2), adjusting the water quality of the wastewater to be pH =6-8, and then cooling the wastewater;

(4) filtering the wastewater treated in the step (3), and then heating the wastewater, wherein the temperature of the wastewater is kept at 80-120 ℃;

(5) recovering the wastewater treated in the step (4) to normal temperature, and filtering;

the filter device comprises a cylindrical box body, a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe are respectively arranged on two sides of the box body, a capturing fan blade and a rotating shaft which is horizontally arranged are arranged in the box body, the capturing fan blade is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, the edge of the capturing fan blade is in sealed sliding connection with the inner side wall of the box body, and the longitudinal section of the capturing fan blade is arc-shaped and protrudes towards the direction of the water inlet pipe; the top of the box body is provided with a feeding chamber, the bottom of the box body is provided with an impurity storage chamber, the top of the box body is provided with a first leakage hole, the bottom of the box body is provided with a second leakage hole, an adsorption cavity for storing and surviving carbon is arranged in the catching fan blade, the side wall of the catching fan blade is provided with a circulation hole, the size of the circulation hole is smaller than that of activated carbon particles, the size of the circulation hole is sequentially reduced along the flowing direction of wastewater, one end of the catching fan blade is communicated with the feeding chamber through the first leakage hole, and the other end of the catching fan blade is communicated with the impurity storage chamber through the second leakage hole; be equipped with first fender material spare and store the storage cavity of active carbon in the feed chamber, the lower part lateral wall in storage cavity has the discharge gate, horizontal sliding connection has the second baffle in the storage miscellaneous room, the second baffle is used for shutoff second to leak the material hole, first fender material spare includes first vertical actuating lever, vertical actuating lever of second and clamp plate, the top fixed connection of first vertical actuating lever and clamp plate, the vertical central line of first vertical actuating lever is perpendicular with the horizontal central line of clamp plate, the vertical actuating lever of second is articulated with one side that the storage cavity was kept away from to the clamp plate, the one end that the clamp plate is close to the storage cavity can the downswing, when the clamp plate is the bottom that the level is in the feed chamber, the clamp plate is the discharge gate shutoff in storage cavity.

2. The combined treatment process of bioengineering pharmaceutical wastewater according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of 60-80 ℃ in step (2) is maintained for 1-2 h.

3. The combined treatment process of bioengineering pharmaceutical wastewater according to claim 2, wherein the temperature of 80-120 ℃ in step (4) is maintained for 2-4 h.

4. The combined treatment process for bioengineering pharmaceutical wastewater according to claim 3, wherein the cooling temperature of step (3) is minus 5-10 ℃.

5. The combined treatment process of bioengineering pharmaceutical wastewater according to claim 4, wherein the biochemical treatment step comprises:

(1) anaerobic treatment, namely stirring and precipitating the pretreated wastewater under an anaerobic condition;

(2) aerobic treatment, namely performing aerobic aeration and sedimentation on the wastewater subjected to the anaerobic treatment;

(3) settling and coagulating sedimentation.

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