CN109016774B - Aluminum alloy brazing compounding process for automobile heat exchange system - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy brazing compounding process for automobile heat exchange system Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/0076—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised in that the layers are not bonded on the totality of their surfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/0076—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised in that the layers are not bonded on the totality of their surfaces
- B32B37/0084—Point bonding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/0012—Mechanical treatment, e.g. roughening, deforming, stretching
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/16—Drying; Softening; Cleaning
- B32B38/162—Cleaning
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum alloy brazing compounding process for an automobile heat exchange system, and belongs to the technical field of nonferrous metal material processing. The method comprises the steps of preparing a cladding plate 1, preparing a core plate, preparing a cladding plate 2, performing semi-continuous casting on the cladding plate 1, the core plate and the cladding plate 2 after degassing and filtering, casting a flat ingot, saw cutting and performing surface treatment on the flat ingot, combining the cladding plate 1/the core layer/the cladding plate 2 into a three-layer ingot blank, performing welding and compounding, then performing preheating and hot rolling, and then performing cold rolling and finish cold rolling to roll the three-layer ingot blank into the aluminum alloy composite foil for the automobile heat exchange system. The production process flow of the invention is short, the production cost is low, and the provided aluminum alloy composite material for the automobile heat exchange system has high product quality and few defects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of non-ferrous metal material processing, and particularly relates to an aluminum alloy brazing compounding process for an automobile heat exchange system.
Background
Under the joint promotion of global energy crisis and energy conservation and emission reduction pressure, the light weight of automobiles becomes the most concerned research direction in the world at present. Theoretical analysis and test results show that weight reduction is an effective way to improve the fuel economy of automobiles. Automotive materials contribute to improvement in fuel economy mainly through weight reduction of automobiles. In order to meet the requirement of light weight of automobiles, some new materials are produced and the application range is expanded.
The aluminum alloy composite material is one of key materials for automobile light weight. According to the requirement of light weight of automobiles, thinner and thinner aluminum alloy composite foils are favored, which requires more strict material quality. Therefore, an ingot having high purity and high homogeneity is an important condition for manufacturing a composite foil. The early experimental study on aluminum alloy compounding is to compound two casting alloys. However, only clad plates of hot rolled sheets can be selected to be combined with cast core plates in production due to the limitations of equipment conditions. With the development of technology and the improvement of equipment, the alloy in a multi-layer casting structure state can be compounded in production.
The aluminum alloy composite material for the automobile heat exchange system has the requirements of uniform covering of a coating layer, tight combination of a composite interface, high thickness and size precision, good corrosion resistance and good mechanical property. At present, hot rolled plates are generally adopted as cladding plates of aluminum alloy composite materials for automobile heat exchange systems, and cast plates are adopted as core plates for compounding, namely the traditional process. For example, in CN100574972, the method for manufacturing the composite aluminum foil for automobile heat exchanger comprises the steps of casting aluminum liquid into an ingot blank, hot rolling the ingot blank into a plate, and finally covering the plate on a core casting plate for compounding (i.e. hot-rolled plate-cast plate-hot-rolled plate compounding). The method for carrying out composite preparation by adopting the hot rolled plate as the cladding plate has the following defects:
1. the surface of the clad plate rolled by the aluminothermic rolling mill has the defects of reducing the product quality and influencing the use, such as cracks, composite layer peeling, bubbles, falling, pressure leakage, corrosion, oil stain, cleaning agent residues, serious scratch, metal and nonmetal pressing, sticking, marking, pine tree-like patterns and the like with different probabilities;
2. the cladding plate rolled by the aluminothermic rolling mill is used, the flatness and the thickness dimension are controlled by a roller of the hot rolling mill, and the form and position dimension error is large;
3. the clad plate rolled by the aluminothermic rolling mill has the advantages of long production process (ingot casting, soaking, face milling, preheating, hot rolling, saw cutting and compounding), long production cycle, high logistics cost and high product cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides a novel process for brazing and compounding an aluminum alloy laminated plate in a multilayer structure state, which replaces a compounding mode of taking a hot rolled plate as a clad plate, and simultaneously adopts an innovative and efficient surface treatment mode to improve the product quality. The production process flow of the invention is short, the production cost is low, and the provided aluminum alloy composite material for the automobile heat exchange system has high product quality and few defects.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an aluminum alloy brazing compounding process for an automobile heat exchange system comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the clad sheet 1: batching → charging → smelting → component adjustment → converter → component adjustment → refining in furnace → online melt purification → filtration → casting → ingot casting homogenization or stress relief → machining → quality control → cladding plate 1;
(2) preparing a core plate: batching → furnace charge → smelting → component adjustment → converter → component adjustment → refining in furnace → online melt purification → filtration → casting → ingot casting homogenization or stress relief → machining → quality control → core plate;
(3) preparation of the clad sheet 2: batching → charging → smelting → component adjustment → converter → component adjustment → refining in furnace → online melt purification → filtration → casting → ingot casting homogenization or stress relief → machining → quality control → cladding plate 2;
(4) the method comprises the steps of carrying out degassing and filtering on a cladding plate 1, a core plate and a cladding plate 2, carrying out semi-continuous casting, casting a flat ingot, saw cutting and carrying out surface treatment on the flat ingot, combining the flat ingot with the cladding plate 1/core layer/cladding plate 2 into a three-layer ingot blank, welding and compounding, then carrying out preheating and hot rolling, and then carrying out cold rolling and finish cold rolling to roll the three-layer ingot blank into the aluminum alloy composite foil for the automobile heat exchange system.
Further, in the step (1), the preparation of the clad plate 1 comprises the following processes:
proportioning: putting the ingredients into a smelting furnace for uniform melting treatment;
smelting and heat preservation: controlling the temperature of the smelting furnace within the range of 720-740 ℃ for 6-8 h; the heat preservation temperature is controlled within the range of 710-720 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-5 h;
homogenizing: soaking at 480 ℃ and 500 ℃ for 8-12h, and discharging and air cooling;
machining: the thickness tolerance H is +/-1 mm, the width tolerance W is +/-2 mm, and the length tolerance is +/-3 mm; the flatness is straight without bending, the flatness of the large surface is less than 2mm/m, and the flatness of the side surface is less than 2 mm/m;
quality inspection requirement: the grain size of the cast ingot is less than or equal to 2 grades, the porosity grade is less than or equal to 1 grade, and the hydrogen content is less than or equal to 0.15ml/100 gAL.
Further, the cladding plate 1 comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si: 7.6-8.6%, Fe is less than or equal to 0.30%, Cu is less than or equal to 0.05%, Mn is less than or equal to 0.05%, Mg is less than or equal to 0.05%, Zn is less than or equal to 0.05%, Sr: 0.02-0.035%, less than or equal to 0.05% of other elements singly, less than or equal to 0.15% of other elements in total, Al: and (4) the balance.
Further, in the step (2) of preparing the core plate, part of the processes are as follows:
proportioning: putting the ingredients into a smelting furnace for uniform melting treatment;
smelting and heat preservation: controlling the temperature of the smelting furnace within 730-750 ℃ for 6-8 h; the heat preservation temperature is controlled within the range of 720-730 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-5 h;
homogenizing: soaking at 600-620 deg.c for 8-12 hr, and air cooling;
machining: the thickness tolerance H is +/-1 mm, the width tolerance W is +/-2 mm, and the length tolerance is +/-3 mm; the flatness is straight without bending, the flatness of the large surface is less than 2mm/m, and the flatness of the side surface is less than 2 mm/m;
quality inspection requirement: the grain size of the cast ingot is less than or equal to 2 grades, the porosity grade is less than or equal to 1 grade, and the hydrogen content is less than or equal to 0.15ml/100 gAL.
Further, the core plate comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si is less than or equal to 0.15%, Fe: 0.25-0.35%, Cu: 0.15-0.25%, Mn: 1.25-1.35%, Mg is less than or equal to 0.05%, Zn: 0.02-0.05%, Sr is less than or equal to 0.05%, each of other elements is less than or equal to 0.05%, the total content of other elements is less than or equal to 0.15%, Al: and (4) the balance.
Further, in the step (3) of preparing the clad plate 2, part of processes are as follows:
proportioning: putting the ingredients into a smelting furnace for uniform melting treatment;
smelting and heat preservation: controlling the temperature of the smelting furnace within the range of 720-740 ℃ for 6-8 h; the heat preservation temperature is controlled within the range of 700-710 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-5 h;
homogenizing: soaking at the temperature of 450 ℃ and 470 ℃, preserving the heat for 8-12h, and discharging from the furnace for air cooling;
machining: the thickness tolerance H is +/-1 mm, the width tolerance W is +/-2 mm, and the length tolerance is +/-3 mm; the flatness is straight without bending, the flatness of the large surface is less than 2mm/m, and the flatness of the side surface is less than 2 mm/m;
quality inspection requirement: the grain size of the cast ingot is less than or equal to 2 grades, the porosity grade is less than or equal to 1 grade, and the hydrogen content is less than or equal to 0.15ml/100 gAL.
Further, the cladding plate 2 comprises the following components in percentage by weight: less than or equal to 0.20 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.30 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Mn, and the mass ratio of Mg: 0.9-1.2%, Zn: 0.02-0.05%, Sr is less than or equal to 0.05%, each of other elements is less than or equal to 0.05%, the total content of other elements is less than or equal to 0.15%, Al: and (4) the balance.
Further, in the step (4), the surface treatment comprises the following steps:
A. cleaning oil stains on the surface of the sawed flat ingot with acetone, and then washing with clear water until residual substances on the surface of the flat ingot are completely cleaned;
B. and drying the degreased flat ingot, and slightly polishing the flat ingot on a steel wire brushing machine to form a sand surface effect on the surface of the flat ingot.
Further, in the step (4), the surface treatment comprises the following steps:
A. cleaning oil stains on the surface of the sawed flat ingot with acetone, and then washing with clear water until residual substances on the surface of the flat ingot are completely cleaned;
B. putting the degreased slab ingot into a NaOH solution with the concentration of 100g/L, and carrying out corrosion washing for 3-5 min until a large amount of bubbles overflow from the solution;
C. taking out the slab ingot and then washing the slab ingot with water;
D. putting the washed slab ingot into 15% HNO3 solution for 3-5 min;
E. and taking out the slab ingot, washing the slab ingot with flowing cold water, drying the slab ingot until no water stain exists, and slightly polishing the slab ingot on a steel wire brushing machine to form a sand surface effect on the surface of the slab.
Further, the welding compounding of the three-layer ingot blank adopts the modes of side spot welding and end face full welding; the end surfaces of the cladding plate 1 and the cladding plate 2 are retracted by 130-180mm relative to the core plate, and the side edges of the cladding plate 1 and the cladding plate 2 are retracted by 15-30mm relative to the core plate.
Has the advantages that:
the invention uses the plate in the casting state as the cladding plate, the production process (ingot casting, soaking, face milling, splitting and compounding) has short flow and low production cost; meanwhile, the production process of the aluminum alloy plate with each as-cast structure is controlled, so that the quality of the product can be improved.
According to the invention, the aluminum alloy plate is welded and compounded in a mode that the side edge and the end surface of the cladding plate are retracted and the middle core plate is protruded, so that the roller bite rolling of the aluminothermic rolling mill is facilitated, the quality of a finished product can be improved, and the defects are reduced; the welding method has the advantages of good welding effect, simple process, simple operation and low cost by using the side spot welding and end face full welding modes.
The invention utilizes the horizontal saw and the vertical saw to carry out ingot casting thickness division, compared with a hot aluminum rolling mill for rolling plates, the flatness and thickness dimensional accuracy are high, the form and position dimensional tolerance is small, and the cladding plate has the casting structure characteristic, replaces the traditional hot rolling cladding plate, and is welded with a core layer with the same casting structure to prepare a multilayer composite material.
Through the mutual matching of the steps of the working procedures, the novel process for brazing and compounding the aluminum alloy laminated plate in the multilayer structure state replaces the compounding mode of taking a hot rolled plate as a cladding plate, and compared with the traditional preparation method for compounding the hot rolled plate as the cladding plate, the method has the advantages that the preparation working procedures are reduced, the production period is shortened, the production cost is reduced, and the economic benefit of an enterprise is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an aluminum alloy composite foil welding composite of the present invention; notation in the figure: 1-cladding sheet 1; 2-a core plate; 3-cladding plate 2; 4-a steel belt;
FIG. 2 is an aluminum alloy composite ingot prepared in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the corrosion change of a sample of the aluminum alloy composite foil obtained in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the corrosion change of a sample of an aluminum alloy composite foil manufactured by a conventional process;
FIG. 5 is EBSD map A of core grains at the composite back interface of example 1;
FIG. 6 is EBSD map B of core grains at the composite back interface of example 1;
FIG. 7 is an EBSD map A of core grains at the interface after the composite process in the prior art;
FIG. 8 is an EBSD map B of core grains at the interface after the composite in the conventional process;
FIG. 9 is a graph of the sag value of a composite foil (0.1mm) after simulated brazing; notation in the figure: a-is made by the process of example 1 with the clad in the as-cast state and B-is made by the conventional process with the clad in the hot rolled state.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and specific embodiments.
The design of the target components of the smelted aluminum alloy is shown in the following table 1 in percentage by weight:
TABLE 1
Example 1
An aluminum alloy brazing compounding process for an automobile heat exchange system comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the clad sheet 1: batching → charging → smelting → component adjustment → converter → component adjustment → refining in furnace → online melt purification → filtration → casting → ingot casting homogenization or stress relief → machining → quality control → cladding plate 1;
the cladding plate 1 comprises the following aluminum alloy components in percentage by weight: si: 8.1%, Fe: 0.12%, Cu: 0.03%, Mn: 0.02%, Mg: 0.02%, Zn: 0.01%, Sr: 0.028%, other elements singly: 0.01%, total content of other elements: 0.09%, Al: and (4) the balance.
In the preparation of the cladding plate 1, the process control key points are as follows:
proportioning: putting the ingredients into a smelting furnace for uniform melting treatment;
smelting and heat preservation: the temperature of the smelting furnace is controlled within 735 ℃ for 7 h; the heat preservation temperature is controlled within 715 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4 hours;
homogenizing: soaking at 490 deg.C for 10h, and air cooling;
machining: the thickness tolerance H is +/-1 mm, the width tolerance W is +/-2 mm, and the length tolerance is +/-3 mm; the flatness is straight without bending, the flatness of the large surface is less than 2mm/m, and the flatness of the side surface is less than 2 mm/m;
quality inspection requirement: the grain size of the cast ingot is less than or equal to 2 grades, the porosity grade is less than or equal to 1 grade, and the hydrogen content is less than or equal to 0.15ml/100 gAL.
(2) Preparing a core plate: batching → furnace charge → smelting → component adjustment → converter → component adjustment → refining in furnace → online melt purification → filtration → casting → ingot casting homogenization or stress relief → machining → quality control → core plate;
the core plate comprises the following aluminum alloy components in percentage by weight: si: 0.10%, Fe: 0.30%, Cu: 0.21%, Mn: 1.28%, Mg: 0.01%, Zn: 0.04%, Sr: 0.03%, and other elements singly: 0.02%, total content of other elements: 0.08%, Al: and (4) the balance.
In the preparation of the core plate, part of the processes are as follows:
proportioning: putting the ingredients into a smelting furnace for uniform melting treatment;
smelting and heat preservation: the temperature of the smelting furnace is controlled within 740 ℃ for 7 h; the heat preservation temperature is controlled within 725 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4 hours;
homogenizing: soaking at 610 deg.C for 9h, and air cooling;
machining: the thickness tolerance H is +/-1 mm, the width tolerance W is +/-2 mm, and the length tolerance is +/-3 mm; the flatness is straight without bending, the flatness of the large surface is less than 2mm/m, and the flatness of the side surface is less than 2 mm/m;
quality inspection requirement: the grain size of the cast ingot is less than or equal to 2 grades, the porosity grade is less than or equal to 1 grade, and the hydrogen content is less than or equal to 0.15ml/100 gAL.
(3) Preparation of the clad sheet 2: batching → charging → smelting → component adjustment → converter → component adjustment → refining in furnace → online melt purification → filtration → casting → ingot casting homogenization or stress relief → machining → quality control → cladding plate 2;
the cladding plate 2 comprises the following aluminum alloy components in percentage by weight: si: 0.21%, Fe: 0.15%, Cu: 0.02%, Mn: 0.03%, Mg: 1.0%, Zn: 0.03%, Sr: 0.02%, other elements singly: 0.01%, total content of other elements: 0.06%, Al: and (4) the balance.
In the preparation of the cladding plate 2, the process control key points are as follows:
proportioning: putting the ingredients into a smelting furnace for uniform melting treatment;
smelting and heat preservation: the temperature of the smelting furnace is controlled within 730 ℃ for 7 h; the heat preservation temperature is controlled within 705 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4 hours;
homogenizing: soaking at 460 deg.C for 9h, and air cooling;
machining: the thickness tolerance H is +/-1 mm, the width tolerance W is +/-2 mm, and the length tolerance is +/-3 mm; the flatness is straight without bending, the flatness of the large surface is less than 2mm/m, and the flatness of the side surface is less than 2 mm/m;
quality inspection requirement: the grain size of the cast ingot is less than or equal to 2 grades, the porosity grade is less than or equal to 1 grade, and the hydrogen content is less than or equal to 0.15ml/100 gAL.
(4) Degassing and filtering the cladding plate 1, the core plate and the cladding plate 2, and then carrying out semi-continuous casting to cast a flat ingot, wherein the size of the cast flat ingot is 650 (thickness) × 2670 (width) × 6000 (length) mm3Sawing the slab ingot into pieces with size of 310 × 1250 × 5450mm by using a horizontal saw and a vertical saw with accuracy of +/-1 mm3The cladding sheets 1, 2 are sawn into the plate material with the size of 31 × 1230 × 5150mm3The sheet material of (1); the method comprises the following steps of carrying out surface treatment on a plate, wherein the specific surface treatment comprises the following steps:
A. cleaning oil stains on the surface of the plate by using acetone, and then washing by using clear water until residual substances on the surface of the plate are completely cleaned;
B. putting the plate after oil stain removal into a NaOH solution with the concentration of 100g/L, and carrying out corrosion washing for 4min until a large amount of bubbles overflow from the solution;
C. taking out the plate and then washing the plate with water;
D. putting the washed plate into 15% HNO3 solution for gloss treatment for 4 min;
E. and taking the plate out, washing the plate with flowing cold water, drying the plate until no water stain exists, and slightly polishing the plate on a steel wire brushing machine to form a sand surface effect on the surface of the plate.
After the core plate and the cladding plates 1 and 2 are prepared, cladding compounding can be carried out, and the main purpose of compounding is to firmly combine the core plate and the cladding plates 1 and 2 together so as to be beneficial to heating and hot rolling. As shown in fig. 1, combining the surface-treated plates into a three-layer ingot blank according to a cladding plate 1/a core layer/a cladding plate 2, retracting the end surfaces of the cladding plate 1 and the cladding plate 2 relative to a core plate by 150mm, and retracting the side edges of the cladding plate 1 and the cladding plate 2 relative to the core plate by 20 mm; then symmetrically placing a cladding plate 1 and a cladding plate 2 on the upper surface and the lower surface of the core plate, requiring that two sides and two ends are symmetrically placed, then tightening a steel belt (preventing the cladding plate from moving in a staggered manner during welding and sliding during lifting), and performing welding compounding by adopting a side spot welding and end face full welding manner; after welding and compounding, preheating at 480-520 ℃, removing the steel strip after preheating to obtain an aluminum alloy composite ingot, as shown in figure 2, then carrying out hot rolling, and then carrying out cold rolling (intermediate annealing) and fine cold rolling to obtain the aluminum alloy composite foil with the thickness of 0.10mm for the automobile heat exchange system.
Example 2
An aluminum alloy brazing compounding process for an automobile heat exchange system comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the clad sheet 1: batching → charging → smelting → component adjustment → converter → component adjustment → refining in furnace → online melt purification → filtration → casting → ingot casting homogenization or stress relief → machining → quality control → cladding plate 1;
the cladding plate 1 comprises the following aluminum alloy components in percentage by weight: si: 7.6%, Fe: 0.10%, Cu: 0.02%, Mn: 0.01%, Mg: 0.04%, Zn: 0.03%, Sr: 0.02%, other elements singly: 0.02%, total content of other elements: 0.10%, Al: and (4) the balance.
In the preparation of the cladding plate 1, the process control key points are as follows:
proportioning: putting the ingredients into a smelting furnace for uniform melting treatment;
smelting and heat preservation: the temperature of the smelting furnace is controlled within the range of 720 ℃ for 8 h; the heat preservation temperature is controlled within 710 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5 hours;
homogenizing: soaking at 480 deg.C for 12h, and air cooling;
machining and quality inspection are required to be the same as those of example 1.
(2) Preparing a core plate: batching → furnace charge → smelting → component adjustment → converter → component adjustment → refining in furnace → online melt purification → filtration → casting → ingot casting homogenization or stress relief → machining → quality control → core plate;
the core plate comprises the following aluminum alloy components in percentage by weight: si: 0.10%, Fe: 0.28%, Cu: 0.22%, Mn: 1.25%, Mg: 0.01%, Zn: 0.02%, Sr: 0.04%, and other elements singly: 0.04%, total content of other elements: 0.12%, Al: and (4) the balance.
In the preparation of the core plate, the process control key points are as follows:
proportioning: putting the ingredients into a smelting furnace for uniform melting treatment;
smelting and heat preservation: the temperature of the smelting furnace is controlled within 730 ℃ for 8 hours; the heat preservation temperature is controlled within 720 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5 hours;
homogenizing: soaking at 600 deg.C for 12h, and air cooling;
machining and quality inspection are required to be the same as those of example 1.
(3) Preparation of the clad sheet 2: batching → charging → smelting → component adjustment → converter → component adjustment → refining in furnace → online melt purification → filtration → casting → ingot casting homogenization or stress relief → machining → quality control → cladding plate 2;
the cladding plate 2 comprises the following aluminum alloy components in percentage by weight: si: 0.13%, Fe: 0.25%, Cu: 0.02%, Mn: 0.02%, Mg: 0.9%, Zn: 0.02%, Sr: 0.02%, other elements singly: 0.02%, total content of other elements: 0.12%, Al: and (4) the balance.
In the preparation of the cladding plate 2, the process control key points are as follows:
proportioning: putting the ingredients into a smelting furnace for uniform melting treatment;
smelting and heat preservation: the temperature of the smelting furnace is controlled within 740 ℃ for 6 hours; the heat preservation temperature is controlled within 710 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours;
homogenizing: soaking at 470 deg.C for 8h, and air cooling;
machining and quality inspection are required to be the same as those of example 1.
(4) Degassing and filtering the cladding plate 1, the core plate and the cladding plate 2, then carrying out semi-continuous casting to cast a flat ingot, and casting to obtain a cast productThe slab size of (1) is 650 (thickness) × 2670 (width) × 6000 (length) mm3Sawing the flat ingot by using a horizontal saw and a vertical saw with the precision of +/-1 mm, and sawing the core plate into the size of 310 × 1250 × 5450mm3The cladding sheets 1 and 2 are aluminum-sawn into the plate with the size of 31 × 1230 × 5150mm3And then subjecting the sheet to a surface treatment, the surface treatment comprising the steps of:
A. cleaning oil stains on the surface of the plate by using acetone, and then washing by using clear water until residual substances on the surface of the plate are completely cleaned;
B. and drying the plate after oil stain removal, and slightly polishing the plate on a steel wire brushing machine to form a sand surface effect on the surface of the plate.
Combining the sawn and surface-treated plates into a three-layer ingot blank according to a cladding plate 1/a core layer/a cladding plate 2, and welding and compounding the three-layer ingot blank in a side spot welding mode and an end face full welding mode; the end surfaces of the cladding plate 1 and the cladding plate 2 are retracted by 130-180mm relative to the core plate, and the side edges of the cladding plate 1 and the cladding plate 2 are retracted by 15-30mm relative to the core plate. Then preheating and hot rolling are carried out, and then cold rolling (intermediate annealing) and fine cold rolling are carried out to roll the aluminum alloy composite foil with the thickness of 0.15mm for the automobile heat exchange system.
Example 3
An aluminum alloy brazing compounding process for an automobile heat exchange system comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the clad sheet 1: the same as example 1;
the cladding plate 1 comprises the following aluminum alloy components in percentage by weight: si: 8.6%, Fe: 0.20%, Cu: 0.01%, Mn: 0.02%, Mg: 0.03%, Zn: 0.04%, Sr: 0.035%, other elements individually: 0.02%, total content of other elements: 0.05%, Al: and (4) the balance.
In the preparation of the cladding plate 1, the process control key points are as follows:
proportioning: putting the ingredients into a smelting furnace for uniform melting treatment;
smelting and heat preservation: the temperature of the smelting furnace is controlled within 740 ℃ for 6 hours; the heat preservation temperature is controlled within 720 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours;
homogenizing: soaking at 500 deg.C for 8h, and air cooling;
machining and quality inspection are required to be the same as those of example 1.
(2) Preparing a core plate: the same as example 1;
the core plate comprises the following aluminum alloy components in percentage by weight: si: 0.11%, Fe: 0.35%, Cu: 0.25%, Mn: 1.35%, Mg: 0.01%, Zn: 0.05%, Sr: 0.02%, other elements singly: 0.03%, total content of other elements: 0.11%, Al: and (4) the balance.
In the preparation of the core plate, the process control key points are as follows:
proportioning: putting the ingredients into a smelting furnace for uniform melting treatment;
smelting and heat preservation: the temperature of the smelting furnace is controlled within 750 ℃ for 6 h; the heat preservation temperature is controlled within 730 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours;
homogenizing: soaking at 620 ℃ for 8h, and discharging and air cooling;
machining and quality inspection are required to be the same as those of example 1.
(3) Preparation of the clad sheet 2: the same as example 1;
the cladding plate 2 comprises the following aluminum alloy components in percentage by weight: si: 0.13%, Fe: 0.24%, Cu: 0.04%, Mn: 0.04%, Mg: 0.9%, Zn: 0.02%, Sr: 0.03%, and other elements singly: 0.02%, total content of other elements: 0.13%, Al: and (4) the balance.
In the preparation of the cladding plate 2, the process control key points are as follows:
proportioning: putting the ingredients into a smelting furnace for uniform melting treatment;
smelting and heat preservation: the temperature of the smelting furnace is controlled within the range of 720 ℃ for 8 h; the heat preservation temperature is controlled within 700 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5 hours;
homogenizing: soaking at 450 deg.C for 12h, and air cooling;
machining and quality inspection are required to be the same as those of example 1.
(4) The same as in example 1.
In the course of the study according to the invention, the surface treatment of the sheet in step (4) was also analyzed in comparison, the surface treatment of the comparative examples being as follows: firstly, a mop or gauze is matched with gasoline for scrubbing, then cleaning liquid is used for scrubbing the welding surface, then banana peel is used for scraping the surface, clean silk is used for wiping, and a fan is used for drying. The operation and results of each group are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
In the comparative example, the cast plate has rough and uneven surface, gasoline is immersed into a pit when being scrubbed, the gasoline is difficult to scrub by being insoluble in water, oil stains are remained on the surface after the cast plate is placed, the surface of an aluminum plate is easy to corrode, and the cleaning effect is poor. And the operation of the comparison example is more complicated, which increases the labor intensity.
The embodiment 2 adopts colorless, transparent and volatile acetone as a cleaning agent, has simple operation and good cleaning effect, does not leave stains, and can be widely applied to industrial production.
The plates obtained by the treatment methods of the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 have better quality, and are prepared for the later welding and compounding process.
In the research process of the invention, the core plate and the cladding plate after being compounded are sampled and analyzed for mechanical properties, and the mechanical properties are compared with the mechanical properties of the core plate and the cladding plate in the traditional process, and the specific data are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
In table 2, example 1 is a cast clad plate 1, a clad plate 2 and a core plate are compounded, and two hot rolled clad plates and a core plate are selected for compounding in the conventional process. The two samples are respectively subjected to composite hot rolling to be 6mm thick, and then are subjected to cold rolling to be 0.5 mm. And sampling the two samples, and detecting the mechanical property. The results show that the tensile strength and elongation of inventive example 1 are superior to those of conventional processes.
In the research process of the invention, the yield of the invention and the conventional process are also compared, and the specific data are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
| Item | Example 1 | Conventional process |
| Incoming material weight (kg) | 7323 | 7280 |
| Weight of hot rolled finished product (kg) | 7174 | 7009 |
| Hot rolling yield (%) | 97.96 | 96.28 |
| Weight of cold rolled finished product (kg) | 6421 | 6273 |
| Cold rolling yield (%) | 89.5 | 89.5 |
| Comprehensive yield (%) | 87.68 | 86.17 |
From the data of the yield shown in Table 3, the yield of the hot rolling of the invention is higher than that of the traditional process, the cold rolling yield is equal to the comprehensive yield of the traditional process, the production cost can be reduced by about 1.5%, and the economic benefit of the industrial batch production is considerable.
The invention also compares the corrosion resistance with the traditional process, the coating of the example 1 is in a casting state, and the coating of the traditional process is in a hot rolling state; as can be seen from comparison of fig. 3 and 4, the corrosion degree of the conventional process sample for 4 days is more severe than that of the sample for 16 days of example 1 under the same corrosion environment. The product prepared in the embodiment 1 has stronger corrosion resistance and is more suitable for the use requirement of automobiles in complex environments.
In the research process of the invention, the composite interface combination condition of the invention and the traditional process is also compared, and as can be seen from fig. 5 and 6, the recrystallized grain size at the interface of the embodiment 1 is larger, the uniformity is better, and the average grain size is 54 μm; as can be seen from fig. 7 and 8, the recrystallized grain size at the interface of the conventional process is small, the uniformity is poor, and the average grain size is 38 μm.
The invention also compares with the sag resistance of the traditional process, and as can be seen from fig. 9, the sag value of example 1, i.e. a, is smaller than that of the traditional process B, and the product of the invention has better sag resistance. The reason is that the recrystallized grains of the casting plate as the coating layer are larger, the grain boundary is less, and the large diffusion of Si element is effectively prevented, so that the composite material has better sag resistance. In the traditional process, the recrystallized grains of the hot-rolled clad plate are smaller, the grain boundary is more, the capability of the core layer for preventing the Si element from being diffused in a large amount is lower, and the anti-sagging performance of the composite material is poorer.
Although the present invention has been described with respect to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. An aluminum alloy brazing compounding process for an automobile heat exchange system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) preparation of the clad sheet 1: batching → charging → smelting → component adjustment → converter → component adjustment → refining in furnace → online melt purification → filtration → casting → ingot casting homogenization or stress relief → machining → quality control → cladding plate 1;
the cladding plate 1 comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si: 7.6-8.6%, Fe is less than or equal to 0.30%, Cu is less than or equal to 0.05%, Mn is less than or equal to 0.05%, Mg is less than or equal to 0.05%, Zn is less than or equal to 0.05%, Sr: 0.02-0.035%, less than or equal to 0.05% of other elements singly, less than or equal to 0.15% of other elements in total, Al: the balance;
in the preparation of the cladding plate 1, the process is controlled as follows:
proportioning: putting the ingredients into a smelting furnace for uniform melting treatment;
smelting and heat preservation: controlling the temperature of the smelting furnace within the range of 720-740 ℃ for 6-8 h; the heat preservation temperature is controlled within the range of 710-720 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-5 h;
homogenizing: soaking at 480 ℃ and 500 ℃ for 8-12h, and discharging and air cooling;
machining: the thickness tolerance H is +/-1 mm, the width tolerance W is +/-2 mm, and the length tolerance is +/-3 mm; the flatness is straight without bending, the flatness of the large surface is less than 2mm/m, and the flatness of the side surface is less than 2 mm/m;
quality inspection requirement: the grain size of the cast ingot is less than or equal to 2 grades, the loosening grade is less than or equal to 1 grade, and the hydrogen content is less than or equal to 0.15ml/100 gAL;
(2) preparing a core plate: batching → furnace charge → smelting → component adjustment → converter → component adjustment → refining in furnace → online melt purification → filtration → casting → ingot casting homogenization or stress relief → machining → quality control → core plate;
the core plate comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si is less than or equal to 0.15%, Fe: 0.25-0.35%, Cu: 0.15-0.25%, Mn: 1.25-1.35%, Mg is less than or equal to 0.05%, Zn: 0.02-0.05%, Sr is less than or equal to 0.05%, each of other elements is less than or equal to 0.05%, the total content of other elements is less than or equal to 0.15%, Al: the balance;
in the preparation of the core plate, the process is controlled as follows:
proportioning: putting the ingredients into a smelting furnace for uniform melting treatment;
smelting and heat preservation: controlling the temperature of the smelting furnace within 730-750 ℃ for 6-8 h; the heat preservation temperature is controlled within the range of 720-730 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-5 h;
homogenizing: soaking at 600-620 deg.c for 8-12 hr, and air cooling;
machining: the thickness tolerance H is +/-1 mm, the width tolerance W is +/-2 mm, and the length tolerance is +/-3 mm; the flatness is straight without bending, the flatness of the large surface is less than 2mm/m, and the flatness of the side surface is less than 2 mm/m;
quality inspection requirement: the grain size of the cast ingot is less than or equal to 2 grades, the loosening grade is less than or equal to 1 grade, and the hydrogen content is less than or equal to 0.15ml/100 gAL;
(3) preparation of the clad sheet 2: batching → charging → smelting → component adjustment → converter → component adjustment → refining in furnace → online melt purification → filtration → casting → ingot casting homogenization or stress relief → machining → quality control → cladding plate 2;
the cladding plate 2 comprises the following components in percentage by weight: less than or equal to 0.20 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.30 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Mn, and the mass ratio of Mg: 0.9-1.2%, Zn: 0.02-0.05%, Sr is less than or equal to 0.05%, each of other elements is less than or equal to 0.05%, the total content of other elements is less than or equal to 0.15%, Al: the balance;
in the preparation of the cladding plate 2, the process control is as follows:
proportioning: putting the ingredients into a smelting furnace for uniform melting treatment;
smelting and heat preservation: controlling the temperature of the smelting furnace within the range of 720-740 ℃ for 6-8 h; the heat preservation temperature is controlled within the range of 700-710 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-5 h;
homogenizing: soaking at the temperature of 450 ℃ and 470 ℃, preserving the heat for 8-12h, and discharging from the furnace for air cooling;
machining: the thickness tolerance H is +/-1 mm, the width tolerance W is +/-2 mm, and the length tolerance is +/-3 mm; the flatness is straight without bending, the flatness of the large surface is less than 2mm/m, and the flatness of the side surface is less than 2 mm/m;
quality inspection requirement: the grain size of the cast ingot is less than or equal to 2 grades, the loosening grade is less than or equal to 1 grade, and the hydrogen content is less than or equal to 0.15ml/100 gAL;
(4) degassing and filtering the cladding plate 1, the core plate and the cladding plate 2, then carrying out semi-continuous casting to cast a flat ingot, saw cutting and surface treatment on the flat ingot, combining the flat ingot with the cladding plate 1/the core layer/the cladding plate 2 into a three-layer ingot blank, welding and compounding, then carrying out preheating and hot rolling, and then carrying out cold rolling and finish cold rolling to roll the three-layer ingot blank into an aluminum alloy composite foil for the automobile heat exchange system;
the welding composition of the three-layer ingot blank adopts the modes of side spot welding and end face full welding; and the two end surfaces of the cladding plate 1 and the two end surfaces of the cladding plate 2 are retracted by 180mm relative to the core plate, and the two side edges of the cladding plate 1 and the two side edges of the cladding plate 2 are retracted by 15-30mm relative to the core plate.
2. The aluminum alloy brazing compounding process for an automotive heat exchange system as described in claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the surface treatment comprises the following steps:
A. cleaning oil stains on the surface of the sawed flat ingot with acetone, and then washing with clear water until residual substances on the surface of the flat ingot are completely cleaned;
B. and drying the degreased flat ingot, and slightly polishing the flat ingot on a steel wire brushing machine to form a sand surface effect on the surface of the flat ingot.
3. The aluminum alloy brazing compounding process for an automotive heat exchange system as described in claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the surface treatment comprises the following steps:
A. cleaning oil stains on the surface of the sawed flat ingot with acetone, and then washing with clear water until residual substances on the surface of the flat ingot are completely cleaned;
B. putting the degreased slab ingot into a NaOH solution with the concentration of 100g/L, and carrying out corrosion washing for 3-5 min until a large amount of bubbles overflow from the solution;
C. taking out the slab ingot and then washing the slab ingot with water;
D. putting the washed slab ingot into 15% HNO3 solution for 3-5 min;
E. taking out the flat ingot, washing with flowing cold water, drying until no water stain is formed, and slightly polishing on a steel wire brushing machine to form a sand surface effect on the surface of the flat ingot.
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| CN113996655A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2022-02-01 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | Preparation method of 7075 aluminum alloy clad skin sheet for T6-state aviation |
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