CN109006359B - Soilless rice seedling raising matrix formula, soilless rice seedling raising matrix cave block and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Soilless rice seedling raising matrix formula, soilless rice seedling raising matrix cave block and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109006359B CN109006359B CN201810915273.7A CN201810915273A CN109006359B CN 109006359 B CN109006359 B CN 109006359B CN 201810915273 A CN201810915273 A CN 201810915273A CN 109006359 B CN109006359 B CN 109006359B
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
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- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
- A01G24/35—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds containing water-absorbing polymers
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
A rice soilless seedling raising matrix formula, a soilless seedling raising matrix cave block and a preparation method thereof belong to the field of rice seedling raising. The matrix formula comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 860 per mill of biomass organic raw material powder 740, 2.8 to 4.3 per mill of rice seedling strengthening agent, 12 to 20 per mill of degradable amino acid water-absorbing resin, 1 to 2 per mill of adhesive, 0.5 to 1 per mill of flocculating agent, 0.15 to 0.4 per mill of mildew and rot resistant agent and the balance of bentonite. The matrix cavity block is obtained by molding the raw materials according to the matrix formula. The organic raw materials can also ensure normal seedling emergence without fermentation and harmless treatment, turfy soil and crushed loam are not required to be added, the manual scattering of matrix, dishing and covering are not required, the tedious operation links of acid regulation, disinfection, nutrition, chemical control and the like are not required, the formula is scientific, the nutrition is comprehensive, and the fertilizer efficiency is long. The preparation method comprises adding water into the raw materials of the matrix formula, mixing, and molding. The method is simple to operate and suitable for industrial production, and the produced matrix cavity block has the advantages.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rice seedling raising, in particular to a rice soilless seedling raising matrix formula, a rice soilless seedling raising matrix cave block and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The rice is the crop with the largest planting area in China, and the planting area reaches 6 hundred million acres throughout the year. The cultivation of high-quality seedlings is the basis of high yield of rice. With the appearance of agricultural operation households in China, the aging of rural labor of agricultural production and operation main bodies changes, and the cultivation is inevitably historical in an intensive, mechanized and simplified manner. The intensive, mechanized and light cultivation can simplify the first seedling raising aspect.
At present, rice seedling raising in China mainly adopts soil nutrient soil seedling tray seedling raising, and traditional nutrient soil seedling raising needs to collect a large amount of high-quality and fertile surface layer loam, perform fertilization, acid regulation, disinfection and crushing, then manually or mechanically tray loading, seeding and seed covering, and perform chemical regulation and fertilization in a production period. The method has the advantages of multiple links, complex procedures, labor and force waste, financial resources waste and difficulty in mastering by farmers.
In recent years, organic substrates are adopted for seedling raising, organic wastes are adopted as raw materials and must be subjected to fermentation and harmless treatment, otherwise seedlings grow abnormally or are difficult to emerge, the processes are multiple, time is consumed, the technology is complex, the requirement on equipment and field is high, and manpower and financial resources are consumed. 20-50% of turfy soil (peat), crushed loam and the like still need to be added, and the national soil resources or turfy soil resources are also consumed. Mechanical tray loading or manual tray loading is needed, the thickness and the uniformity of the matrix are not easy to master, the quality of the seedlings is uneven, seeding and seed covering are easy to occur unevenly, and the seedling raising quality is still difficult to guarantee. Meanwhile, the problems of unbalanced nutrition, inappropriateness to the growth demand of rice, poor water retention, poor quality of cultivated seedlings and the like exist.
In view of this, the present application is specifically made.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rice soilless seedling raising matrix formula and a rice soilless seedling raising matrix cave block, organic raw materials can ensure normal seedling emergence without fermentation and harmless treatment, peat soil does not need to be added, loam is not needed to be crushed, matrix is not needed to be manually scattered, the loading and the covering are not needed, complicated operation links such as acid regulation, disinfection, nutrition, chemical control and the like are not needed, the formula is scientific, the nutrition is comprehensive, and the fertilizer efficiency is long.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the soilless rice seedling raising matrix cave block, which is simple to operate and suitable for industrial production, and the produced soilless rice seedling raising matrix cave block has the advantages.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following steps:
a rice soilless seedling raising matrix formula comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 860 per mill of biomass organic raw material powder 740, 2.8 to 4.3 per mill of rice seedling strengthening agent, 12 to 20 per mill of degradable amino acid water-absorbing resin, 1 to 2 per mill of adhesive, 0.5 to 1 per mill of flocculating agent, 0.15 to 0.4 per mill of mildew and rot resistant agent and the balance of bentonite.
A rice soilless seedling raising matrix cave block is obtained by molding raw materials according to a rice soilless seedling raising matrix formula;
preferably, the rice soilless seedling raising matrix cave blocks comprise cave block bodies, the upper end surfaces of the cave block bodies are arranged in a plurality of cave holes, and the lower end surfaces of the cave blocks are arranged in through holes communicated with the cave holes.
A method for preparing soilless rice seedling raising matrix cave blocks comprises the steps of adding water into raw materials of a soilless rice seedling raising matrix formula, uniformly mixing, and then molding.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a rice soilless seedling raising matrix formula and a rice soilless seedling raising matrix cave block, wherein the formula comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the raw materials of the formula are not added with turfy soil or crushed loam, so that the problem that other organic matrixes consume resources is solved.
The biomass organic raw material powder in the raw materials of the formula can utilize waste straws of rice, wheat, corn and the like, so that waste materials are changed into valuable materials, and the problem of environmental pollution caused by unreasonable and unscientific treatment modes is solved.
The degradable amino acid water-absorbing resin and the mildew-proof decomposition agent are added into the raw materials in the formula, so that the speed of substances which cause obstacles to rice seed germination and rice seedling growth, such as ferulic acid, formic acid, formaldehyde, ethanol and the like generated by decomposing undegraded organisms of biomass organic raw material powder through fermentation and decomposition under the conditions of high temperature and high humidity is effectively controlled, the breakthrough of preparing the soilless seedling raising matrix by using the organic raw materials without fermentation treatment is realized, and the technical difficulty that the organic matrix is required to be subjected to fermentation treatment when the organic raw materials such as crop straws are used as the raw materials is solved.
In the formula raw materials, due to the addition of degradable amino acid water-absorbing resin and the like, the matrix cavity blocks are directly placed in seedling trays without manual or mechanical matrix spreading and tray loading, the matrix absorbs water and expands to semi-surround seeds, and the seeds do not need to be covered.
The components in the raw material formula are mutually coordinated, acid regulation, disinfection, nutrition, chemical control and seedling growth carrier are integrated, manual regulation is not needed, the operation is easy and simple, the seedling cultivation fast operation is facilitated, the wide popularization and the application are convenient, and the practicability is strong.
Meanwhile, the nutrition of the formula raw materials is comprehensive, the degradable amino acid water-absorbing resin has good water retention property, the nutrition can be absorbed after decomposition, the fertilizer efficiency is durable, and the problem that other matrixes need to be fertilized for multiple times for raising seedlings is solved.
According to the preparation method of the soilless rice seedling raising matrix cave blocks, the raw materials and water are uniformly mixed according to the formula of the soilless rice seedling raising matrix, and then the mixture is pressed and formed, so that the operation is simple, the method is suitable for industrial production, and the produced soilless rice seedling raising matrix cave blocks have the advantages.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a picture of field seedling raising of a test group according to a test example of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a picture of industrial seedling raising of a test group according to an experimental example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The following describes a rice soilless seedling raising substrate formula, a soilless seedling raising substrate cave block and a preparation method thereof in the embodiment of the invention.
The invention provides a rice soilless seedling raising matrix formula, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 860 per mill of biomass organic raw material powder 740, 2.8 to 4.3 per mill of rice seedling strengthening agent, 12 to 20 per mill of degradable amino acid water-absorbing resin, 1 to 2 per mill of adhesive, 0.5 to 1 per mill of flocculating agent, 0.15 to 0.4 per mill of mildew and rot resistant agent and the balance of bentonite.
The raw materials of the formula are not added with turfy soil or crushed loam, so that the problem that other organic matrixes consume resources is solved.
The biomass organic raw material powder can be waste straws of rice, wheat, corn and the like, so that waste materials are changed into valuable materials, and the problem of environmental pollution caused by unreasonable and unscientific treatment modes is solved.
Further, the biomass organic raw material powder comprises rice straw powder and rice hull powder. The content ratio of the nutrient components of the rice seedling raising agent is close to the nutrient requirement of rice production, and the rice seedling raising is facilitated.
In some specific embodiments of the invention, the rice soilless seedling raising substrate formula comprises: the content of the rice straw powder is 360-; the content of the rice hull powder is 280-.
The grain size of the rice straw powder is preferably 3-5mm, for example any one of 3mm, 3.5mm, 4mm, 4.5mm, 5mm or a range between any two. The particle size of the rice hull powder is preferably 2-3mm, for example any one of 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm or a range between any two. The problems that substances influencing the growth of rice seedlings are decomposed due to too fast decomposition caused by too small particle size and insufficient decomposition and nutrition supply caused by too large particle size are solved.
The mildew and rot preventing agent comprises potassium sorbate and hymexazol, and can be used for preventing seedling blight and other diseases from seedling stage. In some specific embodiments of the invention, the rice soilless seedling raising substrate formula comprises: the content of potassium sorbate is 0.05-0.1 per thousand by mass percentage, for example, any one of 0.05 per thousand, 0.06 per thousand, 0.07 per thousand, 0.08 per thousand, 0.09 per thousand, and 0.10 per thousand or a range between any two of them; the content of hymexazol is 0.1-0.3 per thousand by mass per thousand, such as any one or any range between 0.1 per thousand, 0.15 per thousand, 0.2 per thousand, 0.25 per thousand and 0.3 per thousand.
The degradable amino acid water-absorbent resin can effectively control the water content, and effectively control the speed of the un-decomposed organisms of the biomass organic raw material powder to mildew, ferment and decompose ferulic acid, formic acid, formaldehyde, ethanol and other substances which cause obstacles to rice seed germination and rice seedling growth under the conditions of high temperature and high humidity by matching with the antiseptic and mildew-proof effects of the mildew-proof agent, thereby realizing the breakthrough of preparing the soilless seedling raising matrix by using the organic raw materials without fermentation treatment, and solving the technical difficulty that the organic matrix produced by using the organic raw materials such as crop straws and the like as the raw materials must be subjected to fermentation treatment.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the degradable amino acid water-absorbent resin comprises the following raw materials by mass: 53-65% of compound amino acid, 25-35% of starch, 1.8-3.5% of strong base, 3.5-5% of acrylic acid, 0.003-0.007% of polymerization cross-linking agent and 2-3.5% of polymerization initiator. Preferably, the starch is corn starch, the strong base is potassium hydroxide, the polymerization cross-linking agent is N' -methylene bisacrylamide, and the polymerization initiator is ammonium persulfate.
Furthermore, the degradable amino acid water-absorbent resin is prepared by carrying out polymerization reaction on raw materials in water. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
at room temperature of 18-20 ℃, acrylic acid is dissolved in water to obtain an acrylic acid solution. Mixing and stirring strong base and acrylic acid solution, neutralizing partial acrylic acid to obtain a mixed solution of acrylic acid with the neutralization degree of 30-40% and potassium acrylate with the neutralization degree of 60-70%. Mixing a cross-linking agent solution obtained by dissolving a polymerization cross-linking agent in water with a mixed solution to obtain a first reaction solution, mixing an initiator solution obtained by dissolving a polymerization initiator in water with the first reaction solution to obtain a second reaction solution, and mixing a gelatinized solution obtained by adding water to composite amino-acid and starch for gelatinization with the second reaction solution. Stirring at 18-20 deg.C for 20-30min, and heating for polymerization.
In the compounding operation, optionally, the polymeric crosslinker and water are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:4 to 6, for example 1:5, to obtain a crosslinker solution; mixing a polymerization initiator and water in a mass ratio of 1:4 to 6, for example, 1:5 to obtain an initiator solution; mixing and gelatinizing the compound amino-acid and the starch according to the mass ratio of the total mass to the water of 1:4-5.5 to obtain a gelatinized liquid; the water consumption for mixing with the acrylic acid in the acrylic acid solution is 20-40% of the total water consumption in the material mixing operation.
Heating and polymerizing under the conditions of inert gas protection and heating temperature of 40-60 ℃ by a steam bath method to react until the mixture is viscous, stopping stirring and keeping the temperature for 30-40min, then stopping inert gas protection and heating to 70-80 ℃ to draw strips, drawing the strips into strips with the diameter of 0.3-0.5cm by a vermicelli drawing machine, and drying under the condition of heating temperature of 40-50 ℃ by a steam bath method to constant weight. Crushing to obtain the degradable amino acid water-absorbing resin, wherein 1g of the resin has the water absorption capacity of 210-430 g.
In the above-mentioned heat polymerization, the inert gas is a protective gas having an inactive property in a broad sense, and may be any one or a combination of plural kinds of helium, neon, argon, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. Alternatively, nitrogen gas is used, for example.
The degradable amino acid water-absorbent resin obtained by the formula and the method has the effects of absorbing and retaining water, expanding and increasing volume, can be degraded under natural conditions, provides nutrients such as amino acid, potassium, inorganic nitrogen, organic nitrogen and the like for seedlings, can be directly absorbed by the seedlings, can be degraded and reutilized by macromolecular amino acid and the like, can continuously supply nutrients for the seedlings, and is environment-friendly and safe; the method has the effects of isolating and delaying the decomposition of the non-decomposed materials, and avoids the harmful influence on rice seedling emergence caused by rapid fermentation and decomposition of organic materials.
Meanwhile, due to the characteristics that the degradable amino acid water-absorbent resin absorbs water, retains water and expands to increase the volume, the substrate cave blocks obtained according to the raw material formula are provided with cave holes for accommodating seeds, the substrate cave blocks are directly placed into seedling trays without manually or mechanically spreading the substrate for tray loading, the seeds are semi-surrounded by the substrate after water absorption expansion, and seed covering is not needed.
In some specific embodiments of the invention, the rice soilless seedling raising substrate formula comprises: the content of the degradable amino acid water-absorbing resin is 12-20 per thousand by mass per thousand, for example, any one of 12 per thousand, 14 per thousand, 16 per thousand, 18 per thousand and 20 per thousand or a range between any two of them.
The rice seedling strengthening agent can adopt a conventional product sold in the market. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the inventor finds that the rice seedling strengthening agent prepared by adopting the raw materials of the following combination has good rice seedling growing condition according to the nutritional requirements of rice seedling raising and the requirement of compatibility with other components.
Specifically, the rice seedling strengthening agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 35-38% of nitrogenous fertilizer, 25-28% of ammonium phosphate fertilizer, 16-19% of potassium fertilizer, 8-11% of zinc fertilizer, 3-6% of iron fertilizer, 9-12% of manganese fertilizer, 0.06-0.1% of salicylic acid and 0.5-0.9% of prohexadione calcium. The nutrition supply is full and sufficient.
Further, the nitrogen fertilizer comprises ammonium persulfate, and optionally ammonium chloride; the ammonium phosphate fertilizer comprises one or two of monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate; the potash fertilizer comprises one or two of potassium sulfate and potassium chloride; the zinc fertilizer comprises one or two of zinc sulfate and amino acid zinc; the iron fertilizer is ferric citrate; the manganese fertilizer is amino acid manganese.
Further preferably, when the rice seedling strengthening agent is prepared, the nitrogen fertilizer, the ammonium phosphate fertilizer, the potassium fertilizer, the zinc fertilizer, the iron fertilizer, the manganese fertilizer, the salicylic acid and 30% prohexadione calcium are sequentially added into the stirrer to be stirred so as to be uniformly stirred.
In some specific embodiments of the invention, the rice soilless seedling raising substrate formula comprises: the content of the degradable amino acid water-absorbing resin is 2.8-4.3 per thousand by mass per thousand, for example, any one of 2.8 per thousand, 3.3 per thousand, 3.8 per thousand and 4.3 per thousand or a range between any two of the above.
The bentonite is used as a filler, and has the advantages of easily available materials, low cost and high economic value. The bentonite has no germ, and the operations of sterilization, disinfection and the like are avoided. The bentonite also has good adhesion effect, and matrix cave blocks are prevented from dispersing. While having a weighted reuse of the matrix pockets. The optional particle size of the bentonite is 60-80 mesh.
Further, the binder is optionally urea sulfate. The flocculant is an organic flocculant, preferably chitosan.
The degradable amino acid water-absorbent resin, the natural chitosan organic flocculant and the sulfuric acid nature adhesive are added, so that materials and water can be effectively linked together, the water retention and fertility preservation capability is strong after water absorption, the root system growth disc binding force can be improved, and the problem that the conventional seedling raising substrate blocks are scattered is solved.
The components in the raw material formula are mutually coordinated, acid regulation, disinfection, nutrition, chemical control and seedling growth carrier are integrated, manual regulation is not needed, the operation is easy and simple, the seedling cultivation fast operation is facilitated, the wide popularization and the application are convenient, and the practicability is strong.
Meanwhile, the nutrition of the formula raw materials is comprehensive, the degradable amino acid water-absorbing resin has good water retention property, the nutrition can be absorbed after decomposition, the fertilizer efficiency is durable, and the problem that other matrixes need to be fertilized for multiple times for raising seedlings is solved.
The invention provides a rice soilless seedling raising matrix cave block which is obtained by molding raw materials according to the formula of the rice soilless seedling raising matrix.
Furthermore, the upper end surface of the cavity block body is arranged in a plurality of cavity holes, and the lower end surface of the cavity block is arranged in a through hole communicated with the cavity holes.
Preferably, the cavity block body is pressed into a block shape with the length of about 580mm, the width of 280mm and the height of 15-17 mm. According to about every 110mm2Pressing a hole and a through hole communicated with the bottom of the hole, wherein each hole block body is used for 1450 holes. The swelling thickness of the soilless rice seedling raising matrix cave blocks after water absorption can reach 19.5-25.5 mm. The water absorption expansion coefficient of the cavity block body is 1: 1.3-1.5, when the seedlings are transplanted after the seedling raising, the thickness of the coiled seedling blocks can reach 20.0-25.0mm, the thickness of the seedling blocks is uniform, and the mechanical seedling transplanting is facilitated.
The hole is oval, the depth is about 8mm, the major axis is about 8mm, the minor axis is about 6mm, and 2-3 grains can be accommodated. The through hole is a round hole with the diameter of about 2 mm.
When rice is raised, the hole block body is spread on the ground or a platform, seeds are directly scattered on a tray, the seeds are vibrated back and forth to enter holes, a broom is used for sweeping or scraping redundant seeds, the sown hole block body is placed on a seedling tray, the tray is placed on a field or a frame, watering is carried out to enable the hole block to absorb moisture to a saturated state, after a matrix absorbs water and expands, the seeds are naturally clamped in the holes without covering, and generally only about 10% of the seeds are exposed, so that the seeds can normally sprout.
The soilless rice seedling raising matrix cave block is used for raising rice seedlings, is simple and easy to operate, does not need matrix loading and covering, and is uniform in seeding. Can be directly used for cultivating seedlings in front of and behind dams and in factories, and can solve the problem of waste of land caused by the need of specially reserving seedbed fields in actual production. Intensive industrial seedling raising, scattered field raising in one family and dam seedling raising are all very convenient.
Meanwhile, the seedling blocks are only about 3.0 kg/disc when the substrate is used for seedling cultivation, the weight of the seedling blocks is 4.0-5.5 kg/disc when the substrate is transplanted compared with that of seedling cultivation by nutrient soil and slurry, the transportation of seedlings is convenient, and the intensive chemical plant seedling cultivation is facilitated.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the soilless rice seedling raising matrix cave block, which comprises the following steps: the raw materials of the soilless rice seedling raising matrix formula are added with water and evenly mixed to be molded.
Specifically, a mildew and rot preventing agent, a flocculating agent, a rice seedling strengthening agent, bentonite and degradable amino acid water-absorbent resin are added in the form of a first mixture. And sequentially adding the mildew and rot preventing agent, the flocculating agent, the rice seedling strengthening agent, the bentonite and the degradable amino acid water-absorbent resin into the stirrer, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a first mixture.
And uniformly mixing various raw material powders such as rice straw powder, rice hull powder and the like in the biomass organic raw material powder to obtain a second mixture.
The adhesive and water are mixed evenly according to the mass ratio of 1:18-22, for example 1:20, to obtain mixed liquid. Adding the first mixture into the second mixture, stirring for 15min, mixing uniformly with the mixed solution to obtain a pressed mixture, and pressing and forming the pressed mixture.
The raw materials in the formula are divided into a plurality of groups according to the steps and are sequentially mixed, so that the reaction among the components which influence the reaction of the fertilizer efficiency in the raw materials is avoided, and the reaction among the components which are favorable for improving the fertilizer efficiency is realized, so that the effect is improved. The carrier amount is enlarged by mixing the components which are less in amount and difficult to be mixed uniformly, and the components are easy to be mixed uniformly.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Examples 1 to 5
A preparation method of soilless rice seedling raising matrix cave blocks comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing raw materials according to the formula of the soilless rice seedling raising matrix, wherein the raw materials comprise: the rice seedling strengthening agent comprises rice straw powder, rice hull powder, a rice seedling strengthening agent, degradable amino acid water-absorbent resin, urea sulfate, chitosan, potassium sorbate, hymexazol and bentonite. The contents of the components in the raw materials are shown in table 1.
S2, sequentially adding potassium sorbate, hymexazol, chitosan, a rice seedling strengthening agent, bentonite and degradable amino acid water-absorbent resin into the stirrer, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a first mixture.
S3, uniformly mixing the rice straw powder crushed to 3-5mm and the rice hull powder crushed to 2-3mm to obtain a second mixture.
S4, uniformly mixing urea sulfate and water according to the mass ratio of 1:20 to obtain a third mixture.
And S5, adding the first mixture into the second mixture, uniformly stirring for 15 minutes, adding the third mixture, and uniformly mixing to obtain a fourth mixture.
S6, feeding the fourth mixture into a plug board pressing forming machine, and pressing and forming the fourth mixture into blocks with the length of 580mm, the width of 280mm and the height of 15-17mm, wherein the block size is 110mm2Pressing 1 oval hole, and 1450 holes/block. The depth of the oval holes is 8mm, the hole size is 6mm multiplied by 8mm, and the hole bottom is penetrated through the upper oval hole by a round hole with the diameter of 2mm, thus obtaining the rice soilless seedling raising matrix hole block.
Wherein, the degradable amino acid water-absorbing resin comprises the following raw materials: compound amino acid, corn starch, potassium hydroxide, acrylic acid, N' -methylene bisacrylamide and ammonium persulfate. The contents of the components in the raw materials are shown in table 2.
The preparation method of the degradable amino acid water-absorbent resin comprises the following steps:
at room temperature of 18-20 ℃, the acrylic acid is dissolved in water with the total water consumption of 30 percent in the mixing operation to obtain acrylic acid solution. Adding potassium hydroxide, stirring, and neutralizing part of acrylic acid to obtain a mixed solution of acrylic acid with a neutralization degree of 30-40% and potassium acrylate with a neutralization degree of 60-70%. Mixing N' -methylene bisacrylamide and water according to the mass ratio of 1:5 to prepare a cross-linking agent solution, and adding the cross-linking agent solution into the mixed solution to obtain a first reaction solution. And mixing ammonium persulfate and water according to the mass ratio of 1:5 to prepare an initiator solution, and adding the initiator solution into the mixed solution to obtain a second reaction solution. Mixing and gelatinizing the compound amino acid and the corn starch according to the weight ratio of 1:5 to water to obtain a gelatinized liquid, and adding the gelatinized liquid into a second reaction solution. Stirring at 18-20 deg.C for 20-30 min.
Reacting at 40-60 deg.C under nitrogen protection and steam bath to obtain viscous product, stirring, maintaining the temperature for 30-40min, stopping nitrogen protection, heating to 70-80 deg.C, drawing into strips with diameter of 0.3-0.5cm, and drying at 40-50 deg.C by steam bath to obtain constant weight. Crushing to obtain the degradable amino acid water-absorbing resin, wherein 1g of the resin has the water absorption capacity of 210-430 g.
Wherein, the raw materials of the rice seedling strengthening agent comprise: ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, ferric citrate, manganese amino acid, salicylic acid and 30% prohexadione calcium. The contents of the components in the raw materials are shown in table 3.
The preparation method of the raw materials of the rice seedling strengthening agent comprises the following steps:
ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, ferric citrate, manganese amino acid, salicylic acid and 30% prohexadione calcium are sequentially added into a stirrer by taking the ammonium sulfate as a filler, and are uniformly mixed.
TABLE 1 soilless rice seedling raising substrate formulation ([ permillage ]
Table 2 degradable amino acid water absorbent resin formulation (%)
TABLE 3 Rice seedling-strengthening agent formulation (%)
Test examples
The soilless rice seedling raising substrate cave blocks of the rice seedling raising substrate provided by the embodiment 1 are adopted for rice seedling raising and serve as a test group. The rice seedlings were raised using commercially available media as a control.
Seedlings 5, 20 and 26 days after sowing were subjected to quality comparison, and the results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 comparison of the field quality
Fig. 1 is a picture of field seedling raising of a test group, and fig. 2 is a picture of factory seedling raising of the test group.
According to the table 4, the figure 1 and the figure 2, the rice seedling raising is carried out by using the soilless rice seedling raising substrate cave blocks provided by the embodiment of the invention, the proper pH value is provided for the growth of the rice seedlings, the quality of the rice seedlings is improved, the growth of the root systems is promoted, the early growth and quick tillering are promoted, the resistance is enhanced, the rice seedlings are strong, the number of the roots is large, the roots are white, the quality is good, and the optimal seedling height of the machine-transplanted rice seedlings can be reached in 26 days. The quality of the medium is better than that of the medium purchased in the market, the height of the seedling plant of seedling age of 26 days is 0.8cm, the number of roots is more than 3.2, the number of roots of the seedling of seedling age of 20 days is more than 1.8, and the weight of each plant is 0.04 g.
In conclusion, according to the rice soilless seedling raising matrix formula and the rice soilless seedling raising matrix cave block provided by the invention, normal seedling emergence can be ensured without fermentation and harmless treatment of organic raw materials, peat soil and crushed loam are not required to be added, matrix scattering, dishing and covering are not required to be carried out manually, complicated operation links such as acid regulation, disinfection, nutrition, chemical control and the like are not required, and the formula is scientific, comprehensive in nutrition and long in fertilizer efficiency.
The preparation method of the soilless rice seedling raising matrix cave blocks provided by the invention is simple to operate and suitable for industrial production, and the produced soilless rice seedling raising matrix cave blocks have the advantages.
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. The rice soilless seedling raising matrix formula is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass: 740 and 860 per mill of biomass organic raw material powder, 2.8 to 4.3 per mill of rice seedling strengthening agent, 12 to 20 per mill of degradable amino acid water-absorbing resin, 1 to 2 per mill of adhesive, 0.5 to 1 per mill of flocculant, 0.15 to 0.4 per mill of mildew and rot resistant agent and the balance of bentonite; the flocculant is chitosan, and the adhesive is urea sulfate.
2. The rice soilless seedling raising matrix formula according to claim 1, wherein the biomass organic raw material powder comprises, in terms of mass per thousand of the rice soilless seedling raising matrix formula: the rice straw powder is 360-;
and/or the mildew and rot resistant agent comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: potassium sorbate 0.05-0.1 ‰ and hymexazol 0.1-0.3 ‰;
and/or the particle size of the bentonite is 60-80 meshes.
3. The rice soilless seedling raising substrate formula as claimed in claim 2, wherein the particle size of the rice straw powder is 3-5mm, and the particle size of the rice hull powder is 2-3 mm.
4. The rice soilless seedling raising matrix formula as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, wherein the rice seedling strengthening agent comprises, by mass: 35-38% of nitrogenous fertilizer, 25-28% of ammonium phosphate fertilizer, 16-19% of potassium fertilizer, 8-11% of zinc fertilizer, 3-6% of iron fertilizer, 9-12% of manganese fertilizer, 0.06-0.1% of salicylic acid and 0.5-0.9% of prohexadione calcium.
5. The rice soilless seedling raising substrate formula as claimed in claim 4, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer comprises ammonium persulfate;
and/or the ammonium phosphate fertilizer comprises one or two of monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate;
and/or the potash fertilizer comprises one or two of potassium sulfate and potassium chloride;
and/or the zinc fertilizer comprises one or two of zinc sulfate and amino acid zinc;
and/or the iron fertilizer is ferric citrate;
and/or the manganese fertilizer is amino acid manganese.
6. The rice soilless seedling raising substrate formula as claimed in claim 5, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer further comprises ammonium chloride.
7. A rice soilless seedling raising substrate formula as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, wherein the degradable amino acid water-absorbing resin comprises the following raw materials by mass percent: 53-65% of compound amino acid, 25-35% of starch, 1.8-3.5% of strong base, 3.5-5% of acrylic acid, 0.003-0.007% of polymerization cross-linking agent and 2-3.5% of polymerization initiator.
8. The rice soilless seedling raising substrate formula as claimed in claim 7, wherein the starch is corn starch;
and/or, the strong base is potassium hydroxide;
and/or the polymeric crosslinker is N' -methylenebisacrylamide;
and/or the polymerization initiator is ammonium persulfate.
9. The rice soilless seedling raising substrate formula as claimed in claim 7, wherein the degradable amino acid water-absorbing resin is prepared by carrying out polymerization reaction on raw materials in water.
10. The rice soilless seedling raising substrate formula as claimed in claim 9, wherein the polymerization reaction comprises: dissolving the acrylic acid in water to obtain an acrylic acid solution, mixing the strong base and the acrylic acid solution to obtain a mixed solution, mixing a cross-linking agent solution obtained by dissolving the polymerization cross-linking agent in water with the mixed solution to obtain a first reaction solution, mixing an initiator solution obtained by dissolving the polymerization initiator in water with the first reaction solution to obtain a second reaction solution, mixing a gelatinized liquid obtained by adding water to the composite amino-acid and the starch for gelatinization with the second reaction solution, and heating for polymerization.
11. The rice soilless seedling raising substrate formula as claimed in claim 10, wherein the heating polymerization is carried out under the protection of inert gas at 40-60 ℃ until the mixture is viscous, then the temperature is kept for 30-40min, then the protection of inert gas is stopped, the mixture is heated to 70-80 ℃ and pulled into strips, and then the strips are dried at 40-50 ℃ until the weight is constant.
12. A rice soilless seedling raising substrate cave block obtained by molding the raw materials of the rice soilless seedling raising substrate formula of any one of claims 1-11.
13. The rice soilless seedling raising substrate cave block as claimed in claim 12, wherein the rice soilless seedling raising substrate cave block comprises a cave block body, the upper end surface of the cave block body is provided with a plurality of cave holes, and the lower end surface of the cave block is provided with through holes used for being communicated with the cave holes.
14. A method for preparing a soilless rice seedling raising substrate pocket block as claimed in claim 12 or 13, characterized by comprising: the raw materials of the rice soilless seedling raising matrix formula are uniformly mixed with water and then formed.
15. The preparation method of claim 14, wherein the step of adding water to the raw materials and uniformly mixing comprises the following steps: adding the mildew and rot preventing agent, the flocculating agent, the rice seedling strengthening agent, the bentonite and the degradable amino acid water-absorbent resin in the form of a first mixture, uniformly mixing the adhesive and water according to the mass ratio of 1:18-22 to obtain a mixed solution, uniformly mixing the first mixture and the biomass organic raw material powder, uniformly mixing the mixed solution with the first mixture to obtain a pressed mixture, and pressing and forming the pressed mixture.
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| CN111587764A (en) * | 2020-04-18 | 2020-08-28 | 中国水稻研究所 | Rice seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN111512928A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-11 | 长沙华脉新材料有限公司 | Biodegradable plastic base soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN115316219B (en) * | 2022-08-18 | 2023-12-05 | 安徽喜洋洋农业科技有限公司 | Seedling raising nutrient soil formula taking decomposed straw as main raw material and preparation method |
| CN115669480A (en) * | 2022-11-07 | 2023-02-03 | 中联智慧农业股份有限公司 | Method for raising rice seedlings by applying nitrogen to rice seedlings in seedling throwing bowl of conventional indica rice and indica hybrid rice machine in precise quantity |
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