CN108988430A - A kind of charging pile system based on overall power coordinated control - Google Patents
A kind of charging pile system based on overall power coordinated control Download PDFInfo
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- CN108988430A CN108988430A CN201810892016.6A CN201810892016A CN108988430A CN 108988430 A CN108988430 A CN 108988430A CN 201810892016 A CN201810892016 A CN 201810892016A CN 108988430 A CN108988430 A CN 108988430A
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- H02J7/0077—
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- H02J13/0096—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
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- H02J7/0027—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/167—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
- Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
- Y04S30/12—Remote or cooperative charging
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
- Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
- Y04S30/14—Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of charging pile system based on overall power coordinated control, including power equipment, monitoring management work station, trade managing system, distribution network, data network, charging equipment, battery replacement device, monitoring device, wherein, control computer of standing uses overall power coordinated control to charging equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of charging piles, and particularly relates to a charging pile system based on integral power coordination control.
Background
The charging station has decisive effect on popularization and promotion of the electric automobile, the development of the electric automobile and the construction of charging facilities are synchronously developed in the global range, the research on unattended power stations in the United states and other developed countries is in the leading position all the time, the automation and the intellectualization of charging station management are realized through an intelligent monitoring system, and the charging safety level and the charging efficiency are improved. At present, no charging station monitoring system with universal applicability exists.
At present, the power control technology for the charging station is not much, the charging station realizes charging in a total power controllable state through own management decision, the influence of the charging work of the charging station on a power grid is reduced, and a bedding is made for large-scale construction of the charging station.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of how to coordinate the power supply power of a charging pile system, and provides the charging pile system based on integral power coordination control,
the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a charging pile system based on integral power coordination control comprises power equipment, a monitoring management workstation, a transaction management system, a power distribution network, a data network, charging equipment, battery replacement equipment and monitoring equipment,
the power equipment comprises photovoltaic equipment, a thermal power station and a wind power station;
the charging equipment comprises a direct current charging pile and an alternating current charging pile;
the distribution network comprises a high-voltage power grid, a low-voltage power grid, a direct-current bus, a high-voltage power distribution cabinet, a distribution transformer and a low-voltage power distribution cabinet;
the data network comprises an Ethernet and a CAN bus;
the monitoring equipment comprises a camera, a smoke sensor and an infrared sensor;
the monitoring management workstation is connected with a station control computer through an Ethernet, the station control computer monitors the electric power equipment, the distribution network and the charging equipment through monitoring equipment,
wherein, the station control computer adopts whole power coordination control to the battery charging outfit, specifically is:
step 1, before the charging equipment executes power distribution, the power output capacity of the charging equipment accessed by all electric vehicles is counted to obtain the total output power of the charging equipment;
step 2, reading a power grid power threshold;
step 3, comparing the total output power of the charging equipment with a power grid power threshold, if the power grid power threshold is greater than the total output power of the charging equipment, the allocable total power is the total output power of the charging equipment, which is equivalent to no power limitation, the charging equipment is charged in respective capacity ranges according to a set charging strategy, and if the total output power of the charging equipment is greater than the power grid power threshold, the allocable total power is the power grid power threshold, namely the allocable total power does not exceed a power grid scheduling limit value;
step 4, collecting the current information of each charging device including output power, charging state and whether a new vehicle is accessed, formulating a distribution strategy by combining the distributable total power obtained in the step 3, and sending the distributed power value to each charging device;
step 5, judging whether a new vehicle is added into the charging station or whether the vehicle is withdrawn from the charging station, if so, executing the step 1 again, and if not, continuing the step 4;
the distribution strategy of step 4 is specifically that the station control computer formulates a distribution strategy according to a power grid power threshold and the total output power of the charging equipment, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step 4.1, reading the allocable total power;
in the initial stage of a control period, firstly, collecting a limit value P of a power gridXAnd the power value P of the charger connected with the electric automobileJWhen performing the allocation, the allocation power value is Pset，Pset＝min(PX,PJ)；
Step 4.2, predicting the charging power;
after calculating the distribution power value PsetThen, carrying out statistical prediction on the charging demand, predicting the maximum charging power of the electric automobile before charging, wherein the predicted power of the electric automobile in the constant-current charging stage and the newly added electric automobile is the calculated maximum charging power, and counting the predicted power of the charger in the constant-voltage charging stage as the current output to be used as the basis for power distribution;
4.3, counting the charging time;
the power distribution algorithm uses the charged time, and counts the charged time of all chargers;
and 4.4, performing power distribution according to a power distribution algorithm.
Wherein, the power allocation algorithm of step 4.4 specifically comprises:
step 4.4.1, setting weight according to the charged time of the charger,
TABLE 1 charged time and weight corresponding relationship table
4.4.2, primary distribution, namely m charging devices are in a constant current charging stage, the charging requirements of the m charging devices are the predicted maximum charging power, n charging devices are in a constant voltage charging stage, the charging requirements of the n charging devices are the current output power, and the power value P distributed by the ith electric vehicle is the primary distribution power value PF(i) Comprises the following steps:
step 4.4.3, after the step 4.4.2 is executed, if the power of the electric automobile is distributed with the power value Piif the maximum charging power exceeds the maximum charging power, secondary distribution is needed, the unavailable redundant distribution quantity existing in the primary distribution is distributed to the charger with the space for increasing the power distribution again, the secondary distribution is distributed according to the space which can be improved by the charging equipment in proportion, and the increment △ P of the secondary distributionM(i) As follows:
△PM(i)＝PM(i)-PF(i) (PM(i)<PF(i))，
△PM(i)＝0 (PM(i)＝PF(i))，
wherein, PM(i) The method comprises the following steps Iththe charger power value of the ith electric automobile is β (i), the weight of the ith electric automobile is β (i)1、β2or beta3，PS: redundant power values.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the overall power coordination control is used as an effective power distribution means, and under the condition that the total power consumed by the charging station is limited, on one hand, more users can be served at the same time, and on the other hand, the charging power is utilized as much as possible, so that more economic values are created;
(2) the overall power coordination control ensures that as many charging devices as possible are in working states, the number of waiting electric vehicles is reduced, and the charging station reasonably distributes the power sent by the power grid dispatching department to each charging device. The corresponding charging operation of the storage battery by the charging pile is controlled through the SOC, SOH and internal resistance information of the storage battery from the BMS battery management unit;
(3) the corresponding charging operation of the storage battery by the charging pile is controlled through the SOC, SOH and internal resistance information of the storage battery from the BMS battery management unit;
(4) a safe and reliable charging pile sharing transaction environment is established, and charging users are greatly facilitated;
drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a charging pile system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the overall power coordination control of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a DC charging pile control system according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view illustrating the connection of the BMS battery management unit and the charging post according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a transaction management system control method of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Embodiments of the present invention are illustrated with reference to fig. 1-6.
A charging pile system based on integral power coordination control comprises power equipment, a monitoring management workstation, a transaction management system, a power distribution network, a data network, charging equipment, battery replacement equipment and monitoring equipment,
the power equipment comprises photovoltaic equipment, a thermal power station and a wind power station;
the charging equipment comprises a direct current charging pile and an alternating current charging pile;
the distribution network comprises a high-voltage power grid, a low-voltage power grid, a direct-current bus, a high-voltage power distribution cabinet, a distribution transformer and a low-voltage power distribution cabinet;
the data network comprises an Ethernet and a CAN bus;
the monitoring equipment comprises a camera, a smoke sensor and an infrared sensor;
the monitoring management workstation is connected with a station control computer through an Ethernet, the station control computer monitors the electric power equipment, the distribution network and the charging equipment through monitoring equipment,
wherein, the station control computer adopts whole power coordination control to the battery charging outfit, specifically is:
step 1, before the charging equipment executes power distribution, the power output capacity of the charging equipment accessed by all electric vehicles is counted to obtain the total output power of the charging equipment;
step 2, reading a power grid power threshold;
step 3, comparing the total output power of the charging equipment with a power grid power threshold, if the power grid power threshold is greater than the total output power of the charging equipment, the allocable total power is the total output power of the charging equipment, which is equivalent to no power limitation, the charging equipment is charged in respective capacity ranges according to a set charging strategy, and if the total output power of the charging equipment is greater than the power grid power threshold, the allocable total power is the power grid power threshold, namely the allocable total power does not exceed a power grid scheduling limit value;
step 4, collecting the current information of each charging device including output power, charging state and whether a new vehicle is accessed, formulating a distribution strategy by combining the distributable total power obtained in the step 3, and sending the distributed power value to each charging device;
step 5, judging whether a new vehicle is added into the charging station or whether the vehicle is withdrawn from the charging station, if so, executing the step 1 again, and if not, continuing the step 4;
the distribution strategy of step 4 is specifically that the station control computer formulates a distribution strategy according to a power grid power threshold and the total output power of the charging equipment, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step 4.1, reading the allocable total power;
in the initial stage of a control period, firstly, collecting a limit value P of a power gridXAnd the power value P of the charger connected with the electric automobileJWhen performing the allocation, the allocation power value is Pset，Pset＝min(PX,PJ)；
Step 4.2, predicting the charging power;
after calculating the distribution power value PsetThen, the statistical prediction of the charging demand is carried out, the maximum charging power of the electric automobile is predicted before charging, the predicted power of the electric automobile in the constant-current charging stage and the newly added electric automobile is the calculated maximum charging power, and the predicted power of the charger in the constant-voltage charging stage is the current output, and the statistical prediction power is carried outThe demand will be the basis for power allocation;
4.3, counting the charging time;
the power distribution algorithm uses the charged time, and counts the charged time of all chargers;
and 4.4, performing power distribution according to a power distribution algorithm.
Wherein, the power allocation algorithm of step 4.4 specifically comprises:
step 4.4.1, setting weight according to the charged time of the charger,
| charged time | Weight of |
| 0～t1 | β1 |
| t1～t2 | β2 |
| >t2 | β3 |
TABLE 1 charged time and weight corresponding relationship table
And 4.4.2, primary distribution, namely m charging devices are in a constant current charging stage, the charging requirements of the m charging devices are the predicted maximum charging power, and n charging devices are in a constant voltage charging stage, the charging requirements of the n charging devices are the currently output powerThen the ith electric vehicle distributes the primary distribution power value PF(i) Comprises the following steps:
step 4.4.3, after the step 4.4.2 is executed, if the power of the electric automobile is distributed with the power value Piif the maximum charging power exceeds the maximum charging power, secondary distribution is needed, the unavailable redundant distribution quantity existing in the primary distribution is distributed to the charger with the space for increasing the power distribution again, the secondary distribution is distributed according to the space which can be improved by the charging equipment in proportion, and the increment △ P of the secondary distributionM(i) As follows:
△PM(i)＝PM(i)-PF(i)(PM(i)<PF(i))，
△PM(i)＝0(PM(i)＝PF(i))，
wherein, PM(i) the charger power value of the ith electric automobile, β (i), the weight of the ith electric automobile, and β (i) is β1、β2or beta3，PS: the value of the redundant power is set to be,
the overall power coordination control is used as an effective power distribution means, under the condition that the total power consumption of the charging station is limited, on one hand, more users can be served at the same time, on the other hand, the charging power is utilized as much as possible, more economic values are created, as many charging devices as possible are ensured to be in a working state, the number of waiting electric vehicles is reduced, and the charging station reasonably distributes the power sent by a power grid dispatching department to each charging device.
The monitoring content of the monitoring management workstation comprises the following steps:
monitoring the running states and input and output parameters of the direct current charging pile and the alternating current charging pile, wherein the running states comprise voltage, current, on-off state and protection state, collecting the information of the electric vehicle and the battery connected to the system, controlling the output parameters of the charging pile to meet the charging requirement,
the method comprises the steps of monitoring main power quality indexes of a distribution transformer access point of a distribution network, wherein the main power quality indexes comprise voltage deviation, frequency deviation, three-phase imbalance, harmonic voltage distortion and each subharmonic content index, monitoring the abnormal early warning function of the indexes, switching of a reactive compensation and harmonic treatment device can be carried out as required to improve the power quality, monitoring the power, the voltage, the current, the power factor, the total active electric quantity and the total reactive electric quantity of an input side of a distribution transformer, and monitoring and controlling the relay protection state, the closing state and the load switch state of the distribution transformer in real time.
The video, fire control, entrance guard, perimeter to the battery charging outfit or trade the battery charging outfit region and all ring edge borders are monitored, can start the safety protection system at any time when the equipment takes place the abnormal event in the station, realize the linkage of security protection and other monitoring functions, ensure the operation safety of equipment in the power station.
The direct current charging pile adopts an embedded system and comprises a microcontroller, a touch screen, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an IC card detector, an ammeter, an indicator light, a direct current output port, a contactor, a forced closing switch and a BMS battery management unit,
contactor control 380V alternating current input's break-make, the ammeter is connected to the output of contactor, microcontroller reads ammeter data in real time, calculate the electric quantity that uses, the output and the direct current delivery outlet of ammeter are connected, microcontroller sends the message to direct current delivery outlet through the CAN bus and controls its output voltage and electric current, direct current delivery outlet is direct to be connected with electric automobile's battery box, carry out quick charge to the battery box, BMS battery management unit sends to microcontroller after forming the message with the battery box parameter through the CAN bus. After the microcontroller receives the message, the message is analyzed, the charging mode is adjusted in real time, a contactor is controlled by the microcontroller or is directly closed by a forced closing switch in the charging process, a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor are communicated with the microcontroller in a single bus mode, the temperature and humidity data in the direct current charging pile are transmitted to the microcontroller, whether the charging pile is safely operated or not is judged according to the temperature and humidity data, an IC card detector detects an IC card of a user, the user is allowed to enter a system through a touch screen to perform corresponding interactive operation including charging and inquiring, the touch screen is communicated with the microcontroller through a ModbusRTU protocol, data including a charging process, voltage, current, temperature, humidity and user information are displayed in real time, and an indicator lamp indicates the current operation state of the direct current pile.
Ammeter fixed mounting is inside the direct current fills electric pile, is located between contactor and the direct current delivery outlet, can not insert any equipment irrelevant with the measurement between, and the ammeter can the storage time electric energy, and it includes metering module, main control unit, LCD demonstration, button, memory, communication module.
The BMS battery management unit comprises a balance protection management module, a charge and discharge management module, a signal conditioning circuit, a gating and holding circuit, an A/D converter and a main controller,
the voltage sensor, the current sensor, the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor obtain voltage, current, temperature signals and humidity signals of the battery box, the signal conditioning circuit filters and amplifies the signals, removes noise in the signals and amplifies the signals to a reasonable interval, a plurality of single batteries are arranged in the battery box, a plurality of channels of the single batteries share one A/D converter, channel gating is carried out in an analog input channel through a gating and holding circuit to realize that the channels are alternately switched on one by one in a time-sharing way, voltage, current and temperature signals of different single batteries are selected to be input into the A/D converter in a time-sharing way through the gating and holding circuit, the signals are ensured to be sampled by a sampling retainer to be voltage, current and temperature signals of the same single battery at the same time, all the collected information is stored and transmitted to a main controller (DSP) to be compared, analyzed and calculated, the output data is displayed, meanwhile, data including SOC, SOH and internal resistance of the battery box are calculated according to needs, a main controller (DSP) performs charge and discharge control on the battery box according to the calculation results, the main controller (DSP) transmits collected voltage, current and temperature data to a charging pile controller through a CAN bus, corresponding analysis and operation are completed in the charging pile controller according to the actual charging control needs, and information of the SOC, the SOH and the internal resistance of the battery box is obtained, so that the charging pile is controlled to perform corresponding charging operation on the battery box.
The equalizing protection management module is connected with a main controller (DSP) and used for equalizing charging of the battery box, and the equalizing charging comprises the following steps:
step 1, checking the voltage of each battery monomer, executing step 2 when the voltage of each battery monomer is larger than the upper limit of a voltage reference value or smaller than the lower limit of the voltage reference value, or repeating the step;
step 2, determining a standard deviation of the charge amount (SOC) of the whole battery unit, comparing the standard deviation with a starting threshold, if the standard deviation is larger than the starting threshold, executing step 3, otherwise, executing step 1;
step 3, determining the charge and discharge amount required by different battery monomers and corresponding charge and discharge time according to the charge amount (SOC) of each battery monomer and the transfer efficiency of the charge amount of different battery monomers, wherein the charge and discharge time is charge and discharge amount/balance current;
and 4, performing corresponding charging and discharging operations according to the charging and discharging time of different battery monomers.
The charging and discharging management module is connected with a main controller (DSP), and the state of health (SOH) of the battery box is predicted according to a battery state of health evaluation method, and the battery state of health evaluation method comprises the following steps:
step 1, establishing a battery charging and discharging model;
step 2, acquiring parameters of the battery to be tested in a discharging state;
step 3, estimating the SOH value of the battery to be measured according to the battery charge-discharge model and the parameters;
step 4, detecting whether the SOH value is larger than a threshold value; and if the SOH value is smaller than the threshold value, evaluating the aging of the battery to be tested.
The BMS battery management unit monitors the parameters of the battery pack of the electric automobile in real time, estimates the SOC, estimates the driving mileage, judges faults and the like, and then sends the parameters to a vehicle controller or a non-vehicle-mounted charger through a CAN bus. Monitoring parameters of a battery pack of the electric automobile in real time through a BMS battery management unit, wherein the collected parameters comprise total voltage of the battery pack, voltage of a single battery, total current of the battery pack and current of the single battery; estimating the residual electric quantity through a BMS battery management unit, collecting parameters including voltage and current, estimating the state of charge (SOC), and sending SOC information to an automobile instrument panel through a CAN bus so that a driver CAN know the running condition of the vehicle in time; carry out charge and discharge control through BMS battery management unit, when the voltage or the electric current of battery box surpassed rated parameter, BMS battery management unit in time cuts off the contactor, guarantees that the group battery does not receive the damage.
The photovoltaic equipment comprises a photovoltaic array, an inverter, a photovoltaic conversion circuit, a full-bridge converter and a voltage stabilizing circuit, wherein the photovoltaic array is connected with a direct current bus through the photovoltaic conversion circuit and is connected with a low-voltage power grid through the inverter, three-phase electricity of the low-voltage power grid is connected with the direct current bus after being stabilized by the voltage stabilizing circuit, the direct current bus is connected with a direct current charging pile through the full-bridge converter so as to charge the electric automobile,
the inverter converts direct current into alternating current, and the full-bridge converter is of a single-end type, a push-pull type, a half-bridge type or a full-bridge type;
the photovoltaic conversion circuit comprises a Boost circuit, a MOSFET drive circuit, a main control circuit and a signal acquisition circuit, wherein the main control circuit is an MCU circuit and comprises a PWM module and an A/D converter, the signal acquisition circuit acquires a voltage analog signal and a current analog signal of the output end of the photovoltaic array and obtains a voltage digital signal and a current digital signal through the A/D converter, the main control circuit calculates the voltage digital signal and the current digital signal and determines the PWM pulse duty ratio through a maximum power tracking algorithm, and the PWM module outputs a PWM pulse signal which is processed by the MOSFET drive circuit and then acts on a switching tube of the Boost circuit.
The photovoltaic array selects seven 230W polycrystalline silicon plates, the output of each polycrystalline silicon plate is connected in series, the total open-circuit voltage is 259V, and the direct-current bus voltage is 400V.
The transaction management system controls the transaction of the electric automobile and the charging equipment through a data network, and the specific control method comprises the following steps:
step 1, in a registration stage, a transaction management system adopts an internet environment architecture based on cloud computing to establish a block chain system, and all electric vehicles, all charging equipment and all operators are registered on the block chain system, so that the block chain system becomes a trusted third party to ensure fund safety and operation payment of both parties;
step 2, in a dispatching stage, a dispatching strategy is formulated according to the requirements of an electric vehicle owner and the policies of an operator;
step 3, in an authentication stage, the electric automobile and the charging equipment calculate hash functions by using elliptic curve cryptography, the functions cannot be reversely deduced through keys so as to ensure the safety of the passwords, mutual authentication is carried out between the electric automobile and the charging equipment, and if the authentication is effective and matched with the identity, the charging request is accepted;
and 4, in the charging stage, the electric automobile is charged, and after the charging is finished, the charging equipment records transaction information.
The step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, EVs { EV of all electric vehicles1,EV2,...,EVnEvery one EV in the} electric vehicleiSelecting random numbersAnd calculate Qi＝xiP, then, each electric vehicle EViBroadcasting requests (m) in block chainsi,sigi(H(mi) In which m) is present ini＝IDi||IDj||T，(1≤i≤n,1≤j≤n,i≠j)；
Step 1.2, all charging pile CPs { CP1,CP2,...,CPlFill electric pile CP for each one of themichecking the signatures, calculating the number of signatures alpha belonging to itselfi＝f(xixi+1)xi+2P, calculationCharging pile CP for each electric automobileiBroadcasting request (m ') in block chain'i,sigi(H(m′i) -) wherein m'i＝IDi||s||Ci||T；
Step 1.3, operator O verifies the signature and calculates the shared secret key of user iBroadcasting K in a blockchaini；
Step 1.4, all electric vehicles, all charging equipment and all operators in the block chain receive KiAnd calculating the shared public keyAll charging piles in the block chain can see the key to form witnesses.
Wherein,elliptic curve value range, Qi: additional group parameters for user i, P: base of order n, m, of elliptic curvei: electric vehicle EViUser signature, mi': fill electric pile CPiUser signature, H (): hash function, sigi(): digital signature function, IDi: user i's identityPin, IDjidentification number of user j, T time stamp, αi: signature value of user i, Ci: the hidden constraint of the user i is such that,curve function for user i, f (): a private one-way function;
the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps: there are four scheduling strategies including shortest path scheduling, shortest arrival time scheduling, lowest cost of consumption scheduling and shortest latency,
the shortest path scheduling is to select charging piles with shortest paths based on the calculation of the distance from the electric automobile to each charging pile;
the shortest arrival time schedule is to select the charging pile with the shortest arrival time based on the calculation of the time from the electric automobile to each charging pile;
the lowest consumption cost scheduling is to select the charging pile with the lowest consumption based on the calculation of the consumption cost from the electric automobile to each charging pile;
the shortest waiting time schedule is used for selecting the charging pile with the shortest waiting time based on the calculation of the waiting time of the electric automobile before each charging pile;
electric vehicle EV (electric vehicle) needing chargingQThe optimal charging pile CP is selected by integrating the four scheduling methodsG，
The step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 3.1, electric vehicle EVQIdentify it by IDEVSends to and fills electric pile CPGCharging pile CPGCollecting matching blockchain information and returning charging requests to EVsQ；
Step 3.2, electric vehicle EVQSending message IDCP,QCP,PCP,HCPK charging pile CPG；
Step 3.3, charging pile CPGAccording to the time stamp TiSelecting random numbersComputing HtEV＝H2(IDEV,PIDEV,QEV,TEV)，SKEV＝b+εHtEVThen, a message { PID is sentEV,QEV,TEV,SKEVEV for electric vehicleQ；
Step 3.4, electric vehicle EVQSelecting random numbersCalculation of REV＝cP，HEV＝H3(IDCP,PIDEV,QEV,REV,TEV)，ξEV＝SKtEV+cEVHEVThen, the message { ID is sent over the secure channelCP,PIDEV,QEV,REV,TEV,ξEVFill electric pile CP for }G
Step 3.5, charging pile CPGReceive message IDCP,PIDEV,QEV,REV,TEV,ξEVH is recalculatedtEV＝H2(IDEV,PIDEV,QEV,TEV)，HEV＝H3(IDCP,PIDEV,QEV,REV,TEV) based on ξEVP＝QEV+HEVPpub+HEVREVVerifying the received signature; if the signature fails, the CP of the charging pile is chargedGEnding the request, otherwise, charging pile CPGCalculating to obtain the EVQValidating identity, charging pile CPGSelecting random numbersCalculation of RCP＝dP，SK＝H4(dEEV,IDCP,PIDEV,QEV,TEV)，HCP＝H5(IDCP,RIDCP,QEV,SK,dREV)，ξCP＝εCP+dHCPThen, a message { ID is sentEV,PIDEV,RCP,ξCPEV for electric vehicleQ；
Step 3.6, electric vehicle EVQReception information { IDEV,PIDEV,RCP,ξCPCalculating SK value again, verifying signature, SK H4(cRCP,IDCP,RIDEV,QEV,TEV)，HCP＝H5(RIDEV,IDCP,QEV,SK,dRCP) based on ξCPP＝QCP+HCPPpub+HCPRCPVerifying the signature; if the verification is passed, the authentication is finished, and the encryption message is realized through the key SK to carry out the secure communication; otherwise, the electric vehicle EVQEnding the request;
the step 4 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 4.1, electric vehicle EVQComputing hidden constraint C ═ H5(IDEV,RCP,ξCPP)；
Step 4.2, charging pile CPGVerifying the hidden constraint and then determining whether the current time is the same as the EVQMatches the initial suggested time range;
step 4.3, after the verification is passed, the electric vehicle EVQAnd charging pile CPGThe charging is carried out according to the matched time, and in the process, the block chain is not published with information and is not disclosed with third party information.
Wherein, IDCP: fill electric pile CPGIdentification number, IDEV: electric vehicle EVQIdentification number, RIDEV: electric vehicle EVQOriginal identification number, PIDEV: electric vehicle EVQPseudo identification number of, QCP: fill electric pile CPGAn additional set of parameters, QEV: electric vehicle EVQAn additional set of parameters, PCP: fill electric pile CPGBase of order n, P, of elliptic curvepub: sharing the nth order basis of the elliptic curve, HCP: fill electric pile CPGHash value, HEV: electric vehicle EVQHash value, b: random number, HtEV: electric vehicle EVQHash value at time t of (R)EV: electric vehicle EVQAuthorization password of, TEV: electric vehicle EVQTime stamp of (c), SK: sharing a temporary key, SKEV: electric vehicle EVQtemporary key of (e), e, linear parameter, xiEV: electric vehicle EVQarithmetic signature of xiCP: fill electric pile CPGArithmetic signature of H1()、H2()、H3()、H4()、H5() Is a private hash function.
The block chain technology is applied to the field of charging piles, so that a safe and reliable charging pile sharing transaction environment is established, a charging user is greatly facilitated, the utilization rate of the charging pile is improved, malicious behaviors of data tampering and revocation are effectively prevented, and the condition that any person cannot gain benefits by adding malicious codes or utilizing system holes under the supervision of all persons is ensured.
The above-described embodiment merely represents one embodiment of the present invention, but is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A charging pile system based on integral power coordination control comprises power equipment, a monitoring management workstation, a transaction management system, a power distribution network, a data network, charging equipment, battery replacement equipment and monitoring equipment,
the power equipment comprises photovoltaic equipment, a thermal power station and a wind power station;
the charging equipment comprises a direct current charging pile and an alternating current charging pile;
the distribution network comprises a high-voltage power grid, a low-voltage power grid, a direct-current bus, a high-voltage power distribution cabinet, a distribution transformer and a low-voltage power distribution cabinet;
the data network comprises an Ethernet and a CAN bus;
the monitoring management workstation is connected with a station control computer through an Ethernet, the station control computer monitors the electric power equipment, the distribution network and the charging equipment through monitoring equipment,
wherein, the station control computer adopts whole power coordination control to the battery charging outfit, specifically is:
step 1, before the charging equipment performs power distribution, the power output capacity of the charging equipment accessed by all electric vehicles is counted to obtain the total output power of the charging equipment;
step 2, reading a power grid power threshold;
step 3, comparing the total output power of the charging equipment with a power grid power threshold, if the power grid power threshold is greater than the total output power of the charging equipment, the allocable total power is the total output power of the charging equipment, which is equivalent to no power limitation, the charging equipment is charged in respective capacity ranges according to a set charging strategy, if the total output power of the charging equipment is greater than the power grid power threshold, the allocable total power is the power grid power threshold, and the allocable total power does not exceed a power grid scheduling limit value;
step 4, collecting the current information of each charging device including output power, charging state and whether a new vehicle is accessed, formulating a distribution strategy by combining the distributable total power obtained in the step 3, and sending the distributed power value to each charging device;
and 5, judging whether a new vehicle is added into the charging station or whether the vehicle is withdrawn from the charging station, if so, executing the step 1 again, and if not, continuing the step 4.
2. The charging pile system based on the overall power coordination control as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distribution strategy of step 4 is specifically that the station control computer makes a distribution strategy according to a power grid power threshold and a total output power of the charging equipment, and specifically includes the following steps:
step 4.1, reading the allocable total power;
at the beginning of a control cycleFirstly, collecting limit value P of power gridXAnd the power value P of the charger connected with the electric automobileJWhen performing the allocation, the allocation power value is Pset，Pset＝min(PX,PJ)；
Step 4.2, predicting the charging power;
after calculating the distribution power value PsetThen, carrying out statistical prediction on the charging demand, predicting the maximum charging power of the electric automobile before charging, wherein the predicted power of the electric automobile in the constant-current charging stage and the newly added electric automobile is the calculated maximum charging power, and counting the predicted power of the charger in the constant-voltage charging stage as the current output to be used as the basis for power distribution;
4.3, counting the charging time;
the power distribution algorithm uses the charged time, and counts the charged time of all chargers;
and 4.4, performing power distribution according to a power distribution algorithm.
3. The charging pile system based on the overall power coordination control as claimed in claim 2, wherein the power distribution algorithm of step 4.4 specifically comprises:
step 4.4.1, setting weight for the charged time of the charger according to the corresponding relation table of the charged time and the weight,
4.4.2, primary distribution, namely m charging devices are in a constant current charging stage, the charging requirements of the m charging devices are the predicted maximum charging power, n charging devices are in a constant voltage charging stage, the charging requirements of the n charging devices are the current output power, and the power value P distributed by the ith electric vehicle is the primary distribution power value PF(i) Comprises the following steps:
step 4.4.3, after the step 4.4.2 is executed, if the power of the electric automobile is distributed with the power value Piif the maximum charging power exceeds the maximum charging power, secondary distribution is needed, the unavailable redundant distribution quantity existing in the primary distribution is distributed to the charger with the space for increasing the power distribution again, the secondary distribution is distributed according to the space which can be improved by the charging equipment in proportion, and the increment △ P of the secondary distributionM(i) As follows:
△PM(i)＝PM(i)-PF(i)(PM(i)<PF(i))，
△PM(i)＝0(PM(i)＝PF(i))，
wherein, PM(i) the charger power value of the ith electric automobile, β (i), the weight of the ith electric automobile, and β (i) is β1、β2or beta3，PS: redundant power values.
4. The charging pile system based on the overall power coordination control as claimed in claim 1, wherein the monitoring content of the monitoring management workstation comprises:
monitoring the running states and input and output parameters of the direct current charging pile and the alternating current charging pile, wherein the running states comprise voltage, current, on-off state and protection state, collecting the information of the electric vehicle and the battery connected to the system, controlling the output parameters of the charging pile to meet the charging requirement,
monitoring main electric energy quality indexes of a distribution transformer access point of a distribution network, wherein the main electric energy quality indexes comprise voltage deviation, frequency deviation, three-phase imbalance, harmonic voltage distortion and each subharmonic content index, monitoring an abnormal early warning function of the indexes, and improving the electric energy quality by switching a reactive compensation and harmonic treatment device according to needs;
the video, fire control, entrance guard, perimeter to the battery charging outfit or trade the battery charging outfit region and all ring edge borders are monitored, can start the safety protection system at any time when the equipment takes place the abnormal event in the station, realize the linkage of security protection and other monitoring functions, ensure the operation safety of equipment in the power station.
5. The charging pile system based on the integral power coordination control as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the direct current fills electric pile and adopts embedded system, including microcontroller, touch-sensitive screen, temperature sensor, humidity transducer, IC-card detector, ammeter, pilot lamp, direct current delivery outlet, contactor, forced closing switch, BMS battery management unit.
6. The charging pile system based on the integral power coordination control as claimed in claim 5, wherein:
contactor control 380V alternating current input's break-make, the ammeter is connected to the output of contactor, microcontroller reads ammeter data in real time, calculate the electric quantity that uses, the output and the direct current delivery outlet of ammeter are connected, microcontroller sends the message to direct current delivery outlet through the CAN bus and controls its output voltage and electric current, direct current delivery outlet is direct to be connected with electric automobile's battery box, carry out quick charge to the battery box, BMS battery management unit sends to microcontroller after forming the message with the battery box parameter through the CAN bus. After the microcontroller receives the message, the message is analyzed, the charging mode is adjusted in real time, a contactor is controlled by the microcontroller or is directly closed by a forced closing switch in the charging process, a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor are communicated with the microcontroller in a single bus mode, the temperature and humidity data in the direct current charging pile are transmitted to the microcontroller, whether the charging pile is safely operated or not is judged according to the temperature and humidity data, an IC card detector detects an IC card of a user, the user is allowed to enter a system through a touch screen to perform corresponding interactive operation including charging and inquiring, the touch screen is communicated with the microcontroller through a ModbusRTU protocol, data including a charging process, voltage, current, temperature, humidity and user information are displayed in real time, and an indicator lamp indicates the current operation state of the direct current pile.
7. The charging pile system based on the integral power coordination control as claimed in claim 1, wherein: photovoltaic equipment includes the photovoltaic array, the dc-to-ac converter, the photovoltaic conversion circuit, full-bridge converter and voltage stabilizing circuit, the photovoltaic array passes through the photovoltaic conversion circuit and is connected with direct current bus, be connected with the low-voltage electric wire netting through the inverter, the three-phase electricity of low-voltage electric wire netting passes through voltage stabilizing circuit steady voltage after and is connected with direct current bus, direct current bus fills electric pile through full-bridge converter and direct current and is connected, thereby charge for electric automobile, the dc-to-ac converter is direct current conversion to the alternating current, full-bridge converter is single-ended, push-pull, half-.
8. The charging pile system based on the integral power coordination control as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the photovoltaic conversion circuit comprises a Boost circuit, a MOSFET drive circuit, a main control circuit and a signal acquisition circuit, wherein the main control circuit is an MCU circuit and comprises a PWM module and an A/D converter, the signal acquisition circuit acquires a voltage analog signal and a current analog signal at the output end of the photovoltaic array, a voltage digital signal and a current digital signal are acquired through the A/D converter, the main control circuit calculates the voltage digital signal and the current digital signal, the PWM pulse duty ratio is determined through a maximum power tracking algorithm, and the PWM module outputs a PWM pulse signal which is processed by the MOSFET drive circuit and then acts on a switching tube of the Boost circuit; the photovoltaic array selects seven 230W polycrystalline silicon plates, the output of each polycrystalline silicon plate is connected in series, the total open-circuit voltage is 259V, and the direct-current bus voltage is 400V.
9. The charging pile system based on the integral power coordination control as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the transaction management system controls the transaction of the electric automobile and the charging equipment through a data network, and the specific control method comprises the following steps:
step 1, in a registration stage, a transaction management system adopts an internet environment architecture based on cloud computing to establish a block chain system, and all electric vehicles, all charging equipment and all operators are registered on the block chain system, so that the block chain system becomes a trusted third party to ensure fund safety and operation payment of both parties;
step 2, in a dispatching stage, a dispatching strategy is formulated according to the requirements of an electric vehicle owner and the policies of an operator;
step 3, in an authentication stage, the electric automobile and the charging equipment calculate hash functions by using elliptic curve cryptography, the functions cannot be reversely deduced through keys so as to ensure the safety of the passwords, mutual authentication is carried out between the electric automobile and the charging equipment, and if the authentication is effective and matched with the identity, the charging request is accepted;
and 4, in the charging stage, the electric automobile is charged, and after the charging is finished, the charging equipment records transaction information.
10. The charging pile system based on the overall power coordination control according to claim 9, wherein the step 2 specifically comprises: there are four scheduling strategies including shortest path scheduling, shortest arrival time scheduling, lowest cost of consumption scheduling and shortest latency,
the shortest path scheduling is to select charging piles with shortest paths based on the calculation of the distance from the electric automobile to each charging pile;
the shortest arrival time schedule is to select the charging pile with the shortest arrival time based on the calculation of the time from the electric automobile to each charging pile;
the lowest consumption cost scheduling is to select the charging pile with the lowest consumption based on the calculation of the consumption cost from the electric automobile to each charging pile;
the shortest waiting time schedule is used for selecting the charging pile with the shortest waiting time based on the calculation of the waiting time of the electric automobile before each charging pile;
electric vehicle EV (electric vehicle) needing chargingQThe optimal charging pile CP is selected by integrating the four scheduling methodsG。
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