CN108973744A - Storage battery exchanging system, computer program medium, management servomechanism and accumulator cell management method - Google Patents
Storage battery exchanging system, computer program medium, management servomechanism and accumulator cell management method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108973744A CN108973744A CN201810874679.5A CN201810874679A CN108973744A CN 108973744 A CN108973744 A CN 108973744A CN 201810874679 A CN201810874679 A CN 201810874679A CN 108973744 A CN108973744 A CN 108973744A
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/66—Data transfer between charging stations and vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/11—DC charging controlled by the charging station, e.g. mode 4
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60S5/00—Servicing, maintaining, repairing, or refitting of vehicles
- B60S5/06—Supplying batteries to, or removing batteries from, vehicles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G06Q50/10—Services
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0042—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction
- H02J7/0045—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction concerning the insertion or the connection of the batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/60—Navigation input
- B60L2240/62—Vehicle position
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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- B60L2240/68—Traffic data
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/80—Time limits
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
- B60L2260/40—Control modes
- B60L2260/50—Control modes by future state prediction
- B60L2260/58—Departure time prediction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
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Abstract
The present invention solves project and is to suitably control the impairment grade of battery and battery residual capacity.Solution of the invention is that system of the invention has: carrying the electric vehicle for being equipped with tradable battery；The battery station that battery can be charged；And it is all together the management servomechanism of system entirety.Servomechanism is managed when the exchange for receiving battery from electric vehicle requires, depending at least on the location information of electric vehicle, predicts that the electric vehicle reaches the time at battery station.Then, management servomechanism reaches the scheduled time at battery station depending at least on electric vehicle, determines the charging rate for being installed in the battery of the charger at the battery station.
Description
The application be on 06 11st, 2014 the applying date, application No. is 201480047422.2, it is entitled " electronic
The divisional application of the application of vehicle battery exchange system and program ".
Technical field
System of the present invention about the battery of the electric vehicle to exchange electric car or electric motor car etc.Specifically
Ground, system of the invention have: by tradable battery-driven electric vehicle；The battery station that battery is charged；
And the management servomechanism of the charge condition to management of battery station.In the system of the present invention, one of feature exists
In: battery charge information of the management servomechanism according to the position comprising electric vehicle, battery residual capacity etc. controls battery
The charging rate of battery in standing swimmingly carries out storage battery exchanging whereby when electric vehicle reaches battery station.
Background technique
Conventionally, there is known carrying the electric vehicle for setting tradable battery.Electric vehicle by via controller from electric power storage
Electric power motor that pond is supplied travels.For such electric vehicle, electric car, electric motor car, electronic can be enumerated
Auxiliary pedal cycle is as representative.
By battery performance or cost the problem of from the point of view of, the status of above-mentioned electric vehicle is, charging is primary or electric power storage
The distance that pond exchange once can travel, than general liquid fuel automatic vehicle (gasoline car, diesel vehicle and liquefied natural gas vehicle etc.)
It is short.Therefore, now, positive to increase the infrastructure device for being used to the quantity at the battery station that battery charges, in order to can energetically carry out
The charging or exchange of the battery of electric vehicle.Therefore, the user of electric vehicle, in the battery remaining of the battery of vehicle itself
When covolume quantitative change is few, neighbouring battery station is arrived by the way, by the storage of battery and vehicle itself after battery station has been charged
Battery exchanges, and electric vehicle can be travelled continuously whereby.
However, general battery station is also according to the current value to battery charging, in order to by the storage of electric vehicles
Battery fully charges, and needs several minutes of charging time for arriving hours or so.Therefore, even if electric vehicle reaches nearest storage
Battery station, if the charging of battery is not completed, it is also necessary to its charging complete is waited before battery station.In this way, in tradition
System in, even if it is also contemplated that electric vehicle reach battery station, can not also carry out the situation of storage battery exchanging at once.This is
Hinder include electric vehicle, battery station system it is universal the main reason in a reason.
Here, in order to avoid the delay of above-mentioned battery charging, it is known in battery station, carry out the high speed of battery
Charging.For example, disclosing in patent document 1 has battery keeping at battery station, the battery remaining covolume of the battery is detected
Amount carries out the technology of rapid charge to the battery in the situation that battery residual capacity is set value or less.In this way, by setting
Rapid charge is carried out when at the battery residual capacity of battery for below set value, it, can when electric vehicle reaches battery station
A possibility that reducing the situation of charging unfinished needed for battery occurs.
Prior art document
Patent document
Patent document 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2001-57711 bulletin
Summary of the invention
Invent the project to be solved
However, having the shortcomings that battery generates deterioration when carrying out rapid charge to battery.That is, battery, mainly from
When considering in terms of safety and durability, the upper limit is equipped in charging rate and charging current value.Here, be closer to charging rate with
The charging of the upper limit of charging current value is referred to as rapid charge, is closer to the charging quilt of the lower limit of charging rate and charging current value
Referred to as low speed charges.Moreover it is known that rapid charge is with the charging (common charging) of general speed and low speed charging compared under relatively, storage
The impairment grade of battery can become larger.In addition, in general, it is known that in lasting the case where commonly being charged, commonly in appropriate conversion
In the case where charging, low speed charging, the charging of rapid charge progress battery, the battery impairment grade of the latter is larger.Therefore, if
It is set to just must when the battery residual capacity of battery is below set value shown in the technology disclosed such as patent document 1
When must carry out rapid charge, the rapid charge that battery is also carried out in unnecessary occasion can be caused, and having meaninglessly causes
The unfavorable condition that battery deterioration generates.For example, the technology of patent document 1 is, even if must be near battery station
The case where electric vehicle of row storage battery exchanging, when keeping in the battery station battery battery residual capacity in set value
When following, it is necessary to carry out rapid charge.However, when battery station must not carry out the electric vehicle of storage battery exchanging nearby
When, compared to the rapid charge for carrying out battery the case where cause battery to deteriorate, commonly charged or low speed charging
Inhibiting the deterioration of battery can be described as preferably.
Also, electric vehicle not only drives by a battery, also has and set multiple batteries by load and carry out driver.This
Outside, in general, in battery station, the multiple batteries of keeping simultaneously charge.Therefore, also imagine with primary battery friendship
It changes, the multiple storage battery exchangings taken care of set on multiple batteries of electric vehicle and battery station will be carried.However, by multiple storages
The electric vehicle that battery is driven, the performance (speed or operating range) of vehicle entirety have the battery most deteriorated or
The case where performance of the least battery of battery residual capacity is driven.Therefore, it when carrying out storage battery exchanging, is handed over from battery station
It is delivered in multiple batteries of electric vehicle, when the battery or impairment grade for having battery residual capacity few big battery,
There will be the problem of electric vehicle plays performance with being unable to fully.That is, in the battery for being handed over to electric vehicle from battery station
In the case where for 4, even if having 3 for new product battery, when being the old battery of impairment grade greatly for 1 therein, load is equipped with
The case where performance that the performance of the electric vehicle of these 4 batteries has maximum 1 battery of degree of being deteriorated is driven.Such as
This, even if having 3 batteries is new product battery, is old in 1 wherein in contained 4 set the battery of electric vehicle
The case where battery, will draw the performance of 3 new product batteries with being unable to fully.Therefore, it can be said that keeping is in battery station
Multiple batteries turn to its impairment grade averagely preferably.
Also, the manager of system has to go to battery when keeping becomes larger in the impairment grade of the battery at battery station
It stands, carries out the battery that discarded impairment grade becomes larger and the operation for being substituted for new accumulator.At this point, for example, when keeping is in battery
When occurring the battery that impairment grade becomes larger among the multiple batteries stood, each manager will go to battery station to store
The replacement operation of battery, takes time and effort, and there be not efficiency very much.Therefore, it is intended that the replacement for being set as once carrying out multiple batteries is made
Industry, to reach efficient activity.Based on such viewpoint, can also say keeping in battery station multiple battery systems with its impairment grade as far as possible
It averagely turns to preferably.
Furthermore as described above, by multiple battery-driven electric vehicles, performance (speed or the traveling of vehicle entirety
Distance) have the case where being driven by the performance of the least battery of battery residual capacity.Therefore, keeping is in the more of battery station
A battery be as far as possible equal state with battery residual capacity is preferred when electric vehicle is reached.For example, in electric vehicle
In the case where requiring 4 batteries of exchange, compared to preparing the battery and 1 60Ah that 3 battery residual capacities are 100Ah
Battery, prepare the battery that 4 battery residual capacities are 80Ah, can more efficiently and more preferably be easy to draw electric vehicle
Performance.
From the point of view of above-mentioned viewpoint, preferably to consider, when carrying out rapid charge, battery will for the charging at battery station
The risk of deterioration, the mode for equalizing the impairment grade of multiple batteries as far as possible with battery residual capacity carry out.However, traditional
Battery charging system, be to carry out rapid charge under the risk for ignoring battery deterioration, and do not have to by multiple storages
The structure of impairment grade and the battery residual capacity equalization of battery.
Therefore, now, it is expected that a kind of can control appositely battery by charging rate of the control in battery station
The technology of impairment grade and battery residual capacity.
To the means to solve the problem
Then, inventor, means the problem of for solve above-mentioned conventional invention are endeavoured to inquire into research
As a result, having obtained knowledge and opinion below: substantially, prediction electric vehicle reaches the time at battery station, and foundation is predicted
Arrival time, control keeping in battery station each battery charging rate, can prevent battery from lavishly deteriorating whereby,
And the impairment grade and battery residual capacity of battery can be suitably controlled.And inventor, according to above-mentioned knowledge with see
Solution, thinking can solve the project of traditional technology, and complete the present invention.
When illustrating, the present invention has following composition.
The related battery used in electrically driven vehicle exchange system of 1st aspect of the invention.
System of the invention has: more electric vehicles 2, multiple battery stations 3 and management servomechanism 4.
More electric vehicles 2 can be by tradable 1 drive motors of battery of one or more for being set to vehicle using load
To travel.The example of electric vehicle 2 is electric car, electric motor car and electric auxiliary pedal cycle.Battery station 3 has and can will store
The mechanism that battery 1 charges.Servomechanism 4 is managed through communication network and electric vehicle 2 and battery station 3 servomechanism interconnected
Device.
In system of the invention, battery 1 can be also set as with battery management system (BMS:Battery Management
System) 10, which has the battery residual capacity for measuring and calculating battery and charging times etc., and will packet
The grade batteries charge information containing identification number (ID) is transmitted to external function.
Also, in system of the invention, electric vehicle 2 have control device 20, location information acquisition device (GPS) 22 and
Communication device 23.
Control device 20 is separately connected with location information acquisition device (GPS) 22, communication device 23.Whereby, control device
20 can suitably obtain comprising the battery information by battery residual capacity of battery 1 etc. acquired by residual capacity meter 21
And the present location information etc. by vehicle itself acquired by location information acquisition device (GPS) 22.Also, control device
20 handled by the calculation of various machines information obtained, and can be transmitted to management servomechanism via communication device 23.Control
Device 20 processed also can be the device for being set to electric vehicle 2, also can for for example using general mobile communication terminal it is (such as intelligent
Type mobile phone) composition of information calculus treatment device that has.
The present location information of the acquirement electric vehicle 2 of location information acquisition device (GPS) 22.Location information acquisition device
(GPS) 22 also can be the device for being set to electric vehicle 2, also can for for example using general mobile communication terminal it is (such as intelligent
Type mobile phone) composition of GPS that has.
The exchange of battery can be required to be transmitted to together with battery charge information with location information by communication device 23
Manage servomechanism 4.Communication device 23 also can be the device for being set to electric vehicle 2, also can be for example logical using general action
The composition for the communication device that news terminal (such as smartphone) have.
In system of the invention, battery station 3 has adjustable charging rate, to carry out the charging of installed battery
One or more chargers 31.
Furthermore in system of the invention, management servomechanism 4 has control unit 40 and communication section 41.
There is the control unit 40 for managing servomechanism 4 arrival time predicting means 40b and charging rate to determine means 40c.
Arrival time predicting means 40b is when the exchange for receiving battery from electric vehicle 2 requires, depending at least on electronic
The location information of vehicle 2, prediction electric vehicle 2 reach the time at battery station 3.Charging rate determine means 40c depending at least on
Electric vehicle 2 reaches the scheduled time at battery station 3, determines the charging for being installed in the battery of the charger 31 at battery station 3
Speed.
The charging of battery that means 40c is determined will be determined with by charging rate by managing the communication section 41 of servomechanism 4
The relevant information of speed is transmitted to battery station 3.
Whereby, battery station 3 controls quilt according to information relevant to from charging rate received by servomechanism 4 is managed
It is installed in the charging rate of the battery of charger 31.
As shown in above-mentioned composition, the scheduled time at battery station 3 is reached according to electric vehicle 2, is controlled in 3 institute of battery station
The charging rate of the battery 1 of progress can carry out rapid charge in timing appropriate whereby, so battery can be prevented lavishly
Deterioration.As long as example, management servomechanism 4 be set as with issue battery exchange require electric vehicle 2 and battery station 3 away from
Closer from, then the mode for more carrying out rapid charge to battery station 3 carrys out send instructions, until the arrival time of electric vehicle 2
The preceding battery for preparing to have charged.On the contrary, the situation separate at a distance from battery station 3 in electric vehicle 2, management are watched
The instruction that battery station 3 carries out the charging of general speed can be transmitted in by taking device 4, can inhibit the deterioration of battery whereby.
In system of the invention, electric vehicle 2 preferably includes residual capacity meter 21 again.Residual capacity meter 21 obtains
Carry the battery charge information for being set to the battery residual capacity of one or more batteries of vehicle itself.
In this situation, communication device 23 requires the exchange of battery together with location information and battery charge information
It is transmitted to aforementioned management servomechanism.
Residual capacity meter 21 obtains identification number and electricity comprising carrying the one or more batteries 1 for being set to electric vehicle 2
The battery charge information of pond residual capacity etc..Residual capacity meter 21 can also be made the BMS10 having from battery 1 and obtain storage
Battery charge information can also be made the identification number and battery remaining for directly detecting and measuring battery 1 when connecting battery 1
Capacity etc..Also, residual capacity meter 21 also can be the device for being set to electric vehicle 2, it also can be for example logical using general action
The composition for the information receiving and displaying device that news terminal (such as smartphone) have.
Also, the control unit 40 of management servomechanism 4 is preferably again comprising the selected means 40a that stands.Selected means 40a stand from electricity
When the exchange that motor-car 2 receives battery requires, according to carry be set to electric vehicle 2 battery battery charge information with
The location information of electric vehicle 2 selectes the accessibility one or more batteries station 3 of electric vehicle 2 and is used as candidate station.
In this situation, arrival time predicting means 40b predicts electric vehicle 2 depending at least on the location information of electric vehicle 2
Reach the time at candidate station.
Charging rate determines that means 40c reaches the scheduled time at candidate station depending at least on electric vehicle 2, determines to be installed in
The charging rate of the battery of the charger 31 at candidate station.
Communication section 41 will determine the relevant letter of the charging rate of battery that is determined of means 40c to by charging rate
Breath, is transmitted to the battery station 3 for being selected as candidate station.
It is selected as time by the battery station 3 that will be present in 2 accessible position of electric vehicle as shown in above-mentioned composition
Station is mended, the charging rate of battery can be efficiently controlled.
In system of the invention, battery station 3 is further there is detection machine 32 to be preferred with communication device 33.
It includes the identification number and battery residual capacity etc. for being installed in the battery of charger 31 that detection machine 32, which obtains,
Battery charge information.Detection machine 32, which can be also made, obtains battery charge information by the BMS 10 that battery 1 has, and also may be used
It is made identification number and the battery residual capacity etc. for directly detecting and measuring battery 1 when being connected with battery 1.
Also, communication device 33 can will be transmitted to management servomechanism 4 by battery charge information detected by detection machine 32.
In this situation, the charging rate for managing servomechanism 4 determines that means 40c is preferably that foundation is received by battery station 3
The battery charge information and electric vehicle 2 that arrive reach the scheduled time at battery station 3, and decision is installed in battery station 3
The charging rate of the battery of charger 31.
Such as above-mentioned composition, for example, being stored when the exchange that the management notice electric vehicle 2 of servomechanism 4 has carried out battery requires
The detection machine 32 at battery station 3 extracts battery charge information out, the pre- timing of arrival according to battery charge information and electric vehicle
Between, determine the charging rate of battery, can judging battery more appositely whereby, whether it is necessary to carry out rapid charge.
In system of the invention, the detection machine 32 at battery station 3 is preferably to detect the storage for being installed in charger 31
The identification number (ID) of battery.BMS 10 that detection machine 32 can also have from battery 1 obtains identification number (ID), also can be
The identification number (ID) of battery 1 is directly detected when connecting battery 1.
In this situation, manage servomechanism 4 preferably has a battery data library 42 again, the battery data library 42 according to by
Battery station 3 receives the number of the identification information of battery 1, records its charging times of each battery.
And the charging rate for managing servomechanism 4 determines means 40c preferably foundation and is recorded in battery data library 42
The relevant information of the charging times of battery and electric vehicle 2 reach the scheduled time at battery station 3, and decision is installed in the electric power storage
The charging rate of the battery of the charger 31 at pond station 3.
It is associated with also, management servomechanism 4 can also be established with the identification number of each battery and remembers the impairment grade of each battery
Recall in battery data library 42.
In this situation, when the charging rate of management servomechanism 4 determines that means 40c receives battery from electric vehicle 2
When exchange requires, referring to the identification number of the battery received from least one battery station 3, read from battery data library 42
The impairment grade of battery associated with the identification number of battery, and the impairment grade according to the battery read are taken, certainly
Surely it is installed in the charging rate of the battery of the charger 31 at battery station.
Such as above-mentioned composition, in preferred configuration of the invention, in advance by charging times of each battery and/or fully charged
Capacity is recorded in battery data library 42 with the statistical data of traditional battery of the same race majority, and management servomechanism 4 can be from whereby
The impairment grade of these information grasp battery.Also, by the impairment grade according to battery, determine the charging rate of battery,
Can control appositely battery impairment grade or fully charged capacity.Also, the impairment grade of battery filling in addition to single battery
Other than electric number and/or fully charged capacity, by compared with most statistical data of traditional battery of the same race, it can carry out
More accurate prediction.
In system of the invention, preferably battery station 3 has multiple chargers 31 or can charge according to each battery
Control.
In this situation, preferably there is the control unit 40 for managing servomechanism 4 impairment grade to calculate means 40d, which calculates
Means are asked according to information relevant with fully charged capacity to the charging times for the battery for being recorded in battery data library 42 out
Obtain the impairment grade of each battery.
Furthermore the charging rate for managing servomechanism 4 determines that means 40c is preferably directed to and is installed in a battery station 3
One or more chargers 31 multiple batteries 1, it is lesser that the obtained impairment grade of means 40d will be calculated by impairment grade
The charging rate of new accumulator is set as comparing high speed, and the charging rate of the bigger and old battery of the impairment grade is set as comparing
Low speed.In addition, and, also may be assumed that in the form of battery station 3 and install the form of multiple batteries 1 in a charger 31.
Such as above-mentioned composition, in preferred configuration of the invention, in the battery in a battery station 3 impairment grade it is small
And new battery, rapid charge is energetically carried out, specially deteriorates battery whereby.On the other hand, big for impairment grade
Battery can control rapid charge, to avoid battery deterioration.As described above, being controlled by the impairment grade according to battery
Charging rate can be such that keeping equalizes in the impairment grade of multiple batteries in a battery station 3.Whereby, in electric vehicle 2
It is required that when exchanging multiple batteries electric vehicle can be delivered to from battery station 3 by multiple batteries that impairment grade compares equalization
2.That is, the electric vehicle 2 driven by multiple batteries, the performance (speed or operating range) of vehicle entirety is deteriorated
Spend the case where performance of maximum battery is driven.Therefore, the multiple electric power storages for setting impairment grade equalization are carried by electric vehicle 2
Pond can efficiently play the performance of vehicle.Also, being set as average by the impairment grade of each battery made in battery station 3
Change, each battery is made to reach discarded period (replacement period) in the substantially same time.In this way, by being set as that multiple storages can be carried out simultaneously
The replacement operation of battery may achieve the efficient activity of replacement operation.
In system of the invention, the charging rate of management servomechanism 4 determines means 40c, is preferably directed to and is installed in one
Multiple batteries 1 of one or more chargers 31 in battery station 3, the phase until electric vehicle 2 reaches battery station 3
Between, the battery residual capacity of multiple batteries determines the charging rate of each battery close to the mode of equal value.
As above-mentioned composition compares the battery remaining of each for example, being directed to multiple batteries in a battery station 3
Capacity carries out low speed charging to the more persons of battery residual capacity, lacks person to battery residual capacity and carries out rapid charge, can make whereby more
The battery residual capacity of a battery uniforms.Multiple batteries are handed over to electric vehicle 2 from battery station 3 by mode whereby
When, it may achieve the homogenization of the battery residual capacity of battery.
In system of the invention, be preferably contained in multiple chargers 31 at battery station 3 each can respectively with dress
Battery set on other chargers 31 carries out the charging for being installed in the battery of vehicle itself as power supply.
It is installed in a battery station 3 at this point, the charging rate of management servomechanism 4 determines that means 40c is preferably directed to
One or more chargers 31 multiple batteries 1, with electric vehicle 2 reach battery station 3 until during, multiple electric power storages
The battery residual capacity in pond is considered close to the mode of equal value using at least one battery as power supply, to determine each storage
The charging rate of battery.
Such as above-mentioned composition, charge as power supply to other batteries by using at least one battery,
When multiple batteries are handed over to electric vehicle 2 from battery station 3, it may achieve the homogenization of the battery residual capacity of battery.
In the system of the present invention, the confession that preferably battery station can receive electric power from generating electricity by natural energy machine 34a is given
It charges to battery.The example of generating electricity by natural energy machine 34a is solar power generation machine, solar thermal power generation machine and wind-power electricity generation
Machine etc..Generating electricity by natural energy machine 34a can also be carried set on battery station, be also configured near battery station.Also, battery station
Also the generating electricity by natural energy machine 34a that can be possessed from Utilities Electric Co. receives the supply of electric power via power network.
In this situation, multiple chargers 31 each, can be by generating electricity by natural energy machine 34a together with being installed in other chargings
The battery of device 31 as power supply, charges to the battery for being installed in vehicle itself together.
The charging rate of management servomechanism 4 determine period that means 40c can generate electricity in generating electricity by natural energy machine 34a with can not
The period of power generation carries out different control.That is, charging rate determines that means 40c is directed to one be installed in a battery station 3
Multiple batteries 1 of a or multiple chargers 31, in the period that generating electricity by natural energy machine 34a can not generate electricity, with multiple batteries
Battery residual capacity close to equal value mode, determine using at least one battery as each battery when power supply
Charging rate.On the other hand, charging rate determines the period that means 40c can generate electricity in generating electricity by natural energy machine 34a, in electronic
During vehicle 2 reaches until battery station 3, the battery residual capacity of multiple batteries is determined close to the mode of equal value
Using generating electricity by natural energy machine 34a as the charging rate of each battery when power supply.
In addition, " period that generating electricity by natural energy machine 34a can generate electricity " refers to: if solar power generation machine or solar thermal power generation
Machine refers to the sunshine period, if wind-driven generator, then refers to the period of wind.Also, " generating electricity by natural energy machine 34a can not generate electricity
Period " refer to: if solar power generation machine or solar thermal power generation machine, refer to that the non-sunshine period refers to if wind-driven generator
The period that wind is not blown.
Such as above-mentioned composition, the present invention can apply flexibly generating electricity by natural energy machine 34a as power supply.For example, with generating electricity by natural energy
When the case where machine 34a is solar power generation machine is illustrated, charging rate determines that means 40c control is formed in from electric vehicle 2
Storage battery exchanging require be considered less night (non-sunshine period), will keeping in the battery in battery station 3 as
Power supply charges to other batteries, so that the battery residual capacity of each battery uniforms.Charging rate determines means
40c control is formed in daytime (sunshine period), using the electric power supplied by generating electricity by natural energy machine 34a (solar power generation machine),
Carry out the charging of each battery.Whereby, such as even without the electric power supplied from power network is used, also using by sunlight
The charging of the battery to generate electricity in renewable energy completion obtained battery station.It, can be by and according to above structure
100% renewable energy carries out the charging of battery, while the battery residual capacity of multiple batteries can also be made to uniform.
The related computer program of 2nd aspect of the invention, to make server device play the storage as above-mentioned 1st aspect
The function of management servomechanism 4 in battery swap system.
The effect of invention
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a kind of charging rate controlled in battery station, and control appositely
The impairment grade of battery and the system of battery residual capacity and program.That is, according to the present invention it is possible to being considered on one side by filling at a high speed
Conductance causes the risk of battery deterioration, the side for equalizing the impairment grade of multiple batteries and battery residual capacity as far as possible
Formula controls the charging rate of battery appositely.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the overall diagram of the summary of display storage battery exchanging system of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the block diagram for showing the composition of electric vehicle；
Fig. 3 is the block diagram for showing the composition at battery station；
Fig. 4 is the block diagram of the composition of display management servomechanism；
Fig. 5 is the flow chart for showing the processing of preparation stage of battery；
Fig. 6 is to show that storage battery exchanging requires the flow chart of processing when carrying out；
Fig. 7 is to show that charging rate determines an example of processing；
Fig. 8 is to show that charging rate determines an example of processing；
Fig. 9 is to show that charging rate determines an example of processing；
Figure 10 is to show that charging rate determines an example of processing；And
Figure 11 is to show that charging rate determines an example of processing.
Specific embodiment
Hereinafter, illustrating referring to drawing to implement form of the invention.The present invention is not limited to form described below,
Also it is carried out comprising that can have in usually intellectual's range apparent easy to know in the technical field that the present invention belongs to from form below
Appropriate amendment.
Here, " fully charged capacity " means in this case specification: the capacitance of rechargeable storage battery is most each time
Big value.This fully charged capacity is proportional to the impairment grade of battery in particular range.Fully charged capacity can be with charging time
Several repetitions is accumulated and is gradually decreased, and can rapidly be reduced when being more than certain charging times, be become not supplying needed for electric vehicle
The electric power asked.When this fully charged capacity rapidly reduces, it is necessary to scrapped batteries or replacement battery.
Also, " battery residual capacity " means in this case specification: the residual value of the capacitance of battery.
[summaries of 1. systems]
Referring to Fig.1, illustrate the summary of battery used in electrically driven vehicle exchange system of the invention.
Fig. 1 is the overall diagram of the summary of display battery used in electrically driven vehicle exchange system 100 of the invention.As shown in Figure 1,
System 100 of the invention has: carrying more electric vehicles 2 for being equipped with tradable battery 1；It swaps with battery 1
Multiple battery stations 3 of charging；And carry out the management servomechanism 4 of the management of this system entirety.As shown in Figure 1, electric vehicle
2, battery station 3 and management servomechanism 4 have the received composition of imparting that can carry out information each other.For example, electric vehicle 2 has
The communication device that can be communicated wirelessly with operating office 5.Also, battery station 3, management servomechanism 4 and operating office 5 are via Internet
This kind of information communication route 6 in road is connected with each other.
Electric vehicle 2 makes motor driving carry out row by using from the electric power for being set to multiple batteries 1 of vehicle and being supplied is carried
It sails.Electric vehicle 2 is for instance that electric car, electric motor car, electric auxiliary pedal cycle and electric standing formula cart etc..Work as drive
When employing the battery residual capacity of battery 1 reduces, 2 direct route of electric vehicle to neighbouring battery station 3.In battery station 3,
The multiple batteries 1 of keeping, and charge.The user of electric vehicle 2 takes out required amount of battery 1 from battery station 3,
It is replaced with the battery 1 of vehicle itself.Whereby, electric vehicle 2 continues to travel using the battery 1 to have charged.Another party
Face, the battery 1 that battery residual capacity tails off are installed in battery station 3.Then, battery station 3 is received from power network etc.
The electric power that power supply is supplied starts to charge to the battery 1 for being installed in inside.
In particular, in the present invention, the user of electric vehicle 2 can pass through the communication device for being set to vehicle, will store in advance
Battery swap requires to be transmitted to management servomechanism 4.It include the reservation etc. of storage battery exchanging in the requirement of this storage battery exchanging.It receives
The management servomechanism 4 that storage battery exchanging requires, to the battery station 3 for being present in the accessibility range of electric vehicle 2, notice has need to
Exchange the intention of the requirement of battery.Also, the information such as the E.T.A of management servomechanism 4 according to electric vehicle 2, control
The charging rate of battery 1 in battery station 3.For example, reaching battery station in electric vehicle 2 under the charging of general speed
The case where can not preparing battery 1 charged before 3, management servomechanism 4 can transmit the finger for carrying out rapid charge to battery station 3
It enables.Whereby, when electric vehicle 2 reaches battery station 3, what a or multiple batteries 1 to have charged are ready for.
[specific compositions of 2. systems]
Secondly, illustrating that this system is specifically constituted.
[2-1. electric vehicle]
Fig. 2 is the block diagram for showing the composition of electric vehicle 2.
As shown in Fig. 2, electric vehicle 2 has: tradable battery 1, control device 20, residual capacity meter 21, position
Set information acquisition device (GPS) 22, communication device 23, motor 24, interface 25, speedometer 26 and controller 27.Also, in electronic
Vehicle 2 is equipped with information connection terminal 28, external can according to need take out the information of control device 20.Also, electric vehicle 2
Has the outlet that battery 1 is put into for taking out.Electric vehicle 2 utilizes tradable battery 1, drives via controller 27
Dynamic motor 24, rotate wheel through power drive mechanism, travels whereby.
The secondary cell of known chargeable nickel-metal hydride battery, lithium ion battery etc. substantially can be used in battery 1.Load is set
Increased and decreased in the quantity of the battery 1 of vehicle according to the type of electric vehicle 2.That is, carrying the battery 1 for being set to electric vehicle 2
Quantity can be one, can also be multiple.Battery 1 supplies electric power motor 24 via controller 27.Also, being utilized in this system
Battery 1, be endowed identification number (ID) respectively.The identification number (ID) of each battery 1 is remembered in aftermentioned management servo
The battery data library of device 4 and be managed collectively.
Also, as shown in Figure 1, battery 1 is in the present invention preferably to have battery management system (BMS:Battery
Management System)10.BMS 10 also has and has the case where other titles, but be substantially provided in internal storage battery or
Outside is mainly made of integrated circuit and sensor etc..BMS 10 also with measure and calculate battery charge information be it is preferred,
The battery charge information includes control, battery residual capacity and the charging times etc. of one or more batteries 1.Also, by
The battery charge information that BMS 10 is obtained also may include charging time other than comprising identification number (ID) and battery residual capacity
Number, the voltage of battery, electric current, temperature and fully charged capacity etc..BMS 10, which can also have, transmits battery charge information
To external communication function.That is, by the battery charge information of the identification number obtained of BMS 10 and battery residual capacity etc., with
By wire communication (CAN etc.) or wireless telecommunications (Bluetooth (registered trademark) etc.), it is transmitted to and carries set on electric vehicle 2
Residual capacity meter 21 or the detection machine 32 etc. carried set on battery station 3 are preferred.
The control device 20 of electric vehicle 2 respectively with residual capacity meter 21, location information acquisition device (GPS) 22, communication
Device 23, interface 25 and speedometer 26 connect.Whereby, control device 20 can be obtained suitably: comprising by residual capacity meter
The battery information of battery residual capacity of battery 1 etc. acquired by 21；It is taken by location information acquisition device (GPS) 22
The present position information of the vehicle itself obtained；And the travel speed by vehicle measured by speedometer 26 itself.Also, control
Device 20 handled by the calculation of various machines information obtained, and can be transmitted to management servomechanism via communication device 23
4.Also, control device 20 can execute various processing according to the information inputted by interface 25.In addition, control device 20 also can be setting
It also can be the letter that for example has using general mobile communication terminal (such as smartphone) in the device of electric vehicle 2
Cease the composition of calculus treatment device.
Residual capacity meter 21 obtains: the identification number and battery residual capacity of the battery 1 of electric vehicle 2 are set to comprising carrying
Deng battery charge information.Residual capacity meter 21 can also be set as the BMS 10 being had by battery 1 and obtain battery charging
Information can be also set as when having connected battery 1 via wire communication (CAN etc.) or wireless telecommunications (Bluetooth (registrar
Mark) etc.) etc. the direct identification number and battery residual capacity etc. of detection and measurement battery 1.It is obtained by residual capacity meter 21
Battery charge information be input into control device 20.In addition, residual capacity meter 21 also can be the dress for being set to electric vehicle 2
It sets, also can be the information receiving and displaying device for example having using general mobile communication terminal (such as smartphone)
It constitutes.
Location information acquisition device (GPS) 22 is such as global position system GPS (Global Positioning
System).Present position of the GPS to measure electric vehicle 2, and obtain the device for being subject to specific information.Position letter
Information of breath acquisition device (GPS) 22 according to the electric wave delivery time for being contained in the electric wave being transmitted to by multiple GPS satellites, is surveyed
Surely the time required for each electric wave is transmitted, the temporal information for showing the time is sent to control device 20.Control device 20 can
According to acquired temporal information, information related with the Latitude-Longitude of the position of electric vehicle 2 is calculated.Location information takes
Device (GPS) 22 is obtained to carry such as being contained in auto-navigation system (not shown) and be set to electric vehicle 2.In addition, location information
Acquisition device (GPS) 22 also can be the device for being set to electric vehicle 2, also can be for example to utilize general mobile communication terminal
The composition for the GPS that (such as smartphone) has.
Communication device 23 is connect by radiolink with operating office 5, can be via information communication route 6 and management servomechanism 4
Carry out both-way communication.Communication device 23 towards the transmission of management servomechanism 4 or can receive the information after control device 20 is processed
Carry out the information of Self management servomechanism 4.Communication device 23 is carried such as being contained in auto-navigation system (not shown) set on electronic
Vehicle 2.In addition, communication device 23 also can be the device for being set to electric vehicle 2, it also can be for example to utilize general Mobile Communications
The composition for the communication device that terminal (such as smartphone) has.
Motor 24 will transmit through controller 27 and be exported by the obtained electrical power conversion of battery 1 at rotation, and be transmitted to power
Transmission mechanism.Output from motor 24 is transmitted to wheel via power drive mechanism, and electric vehicle 2 is travelled whereby.
Interface 25 includes: display device, the control information to display control unit 20；And input unit, according to need
Receive the information inputted by the operation of the user of electric vehicle 2.Interface 25 also with input unit can be in for display device
The touch panel display of one.
Speedometer 26 is the rotation number or location information acquisition device (GPS) 22 according to motor 24, power drive mechanism etc.,
Calculate the measuring instrument of the moment travel speed of electric vehicle 2.
Controller 27 has the electric power that control is supplied by battery 1, and is transmitted to the function of motor 24.
[2-2. battery station]
Fig. 3 is the block diagram for showing the composition at battery station 3.
As shown in figure 3, battery station 3 includes controller 30, multiple chargers 31, detection machine 32, communication device 33 and electricity
Source 34.The each of multiple chargers 31 can install battery 1 respectively.The charger 31 of battery 1 is installed with according to by controlling
The control that device 30 is carried out receives the electric power supplied by power supply 34, charges to battery 1.
30 system of controller at battery station 3 connect with multiple chargers 31, detection machine 32 and communication device 33.Therefore, it controls
Device 30 can be according to the control information received via communication device 33 from management servomechanism 4, and control is by charger 31 to battery 1
The speed to charge.It is processed also, controller 30 can will test machine 32 from the detection information that battery 1 obtains, via logical
News machine 33 is transmitted to management servomechanism 4.
Charger 31 is to be electrically connected with battery 1, receives the electric power supplied by power supply 34, and fill to battery 1
Electrically operated device.Charger 31 for example charges to battery 1 by constant-current constant-voltage mode (CC-CV mode).This
Constant-current constant-voltage mode (CC-CV mode) refers to: charging from charging initial stage with certain current value, when the electricity of battery
Pressure continuouslys filling of gradually decreasing electric current value with charging when carrying out arrival set value while maintain the voltage
Electric mode.
Also, charger 31 can be such that the charging rate of battery 1 changes according to the control signal from controller 30.For example,
Charger 31 be preferably at least with general speed charge it is common charge and with than commonly charge higher speed into
In two stages of the rapid charge of row charging, charging rate can be made to change.Also, charger 31 is in addition to commonly charging and rapid charge
Outside, the low speed charging to charge than the lower speed that commonly charges can also be carried out.Also, being filled in a manner of constant-current constant-voltage
In the battery 1 of electricity, the charging rate relationship substantially directly proportional to charging current value.Therefore, it is supplied by control from charger 31
It is given to the charging current value of battery 1, can freely adjust the charging rate of battery 1.For example, mainly from safety with it is durable
Property aspect when considering, battery 1 is equipped with the upper limit in charging rate and charging current value.Therefore, charging rate will be closer to and filled
The charging of the upper limit of electric current value is set as rapid charge, and the charging for being closer to the lower limit of charging rate and charging current value is set as
Low speed charging is set as commonly charging by the charging for being carried out the current value of rapid charge and low speed charging room.In other words
It says, the charging carried out with a certain range of standard speed can be known as to common charging, it will be than the range higher speed that commonly charges
Charging is known as rapid charge, and the charging than the range more low speed commonly to charge is known as low speed charging.About filling for charger 31
The detailed description of the adjustment of electric speed, will be in rear narration.
Detection machine 32 from the battery 1 in charged state to obtain comprising identification number and battery residual capacity etc.
The device of battery charge information.The BMS10 that detection machine 32 can have from battery 1 obtains battery charge information, also may be used
It is directly detected when connecting battery 1 via wire communication (CAN etc.) or wireless telecommunications (Bluetooth (registered trademark) etc.) etc.
And identification number and battery residual capacity for measuring battery 1 etc..Also, the battery residual capacity of battery 1, for example, can by with
Under type detects: measuring the charging and discharging currents value of battery 1 using BMS 10, (is full of from the residual capacity full of electricity condition
The capacity of electricity) subtract integrating electric electricity obtained.It is transmitted by battery charge information detected by detection machine 32
To controller 30.
Communication device 33 carries out the dress of both-way communication via information communication route 6 and management servomechanism 4 with for battery station 3
It sets.Information after controller 30 is processed can be transmitted to management servomechanism 4 by communication device 33, or can receive to carry out Self management and watch
Take the information of device 4.
As long as power supply 34 is that known composition can be used to 31 person of supplying electric power of charger.For example, also available
The renewable energy obtained by generating electricity by natural energy machine 34a is as power supply 34.The example of generating electricity by natural energy machine 34a is too
Solar generator, solar thermal power generation machine and wind-driven generator etc..Generating electricity by natural energy machine 34a is preferably arranged on battery station 3
Near.That is, generating electricity by natural energy machine 34a can be carried set on battery station, also it is configured near battery station.Also, electric power storage
The generating electricity by natural energy machine 34a that pond station can also be possessed from Utilities Electric Co. receives the supply of electric power via power network.Also, with electricity
For source 34, also using the commercial power supplied by power network 34b.Also, power supply 34 also can and with renewable energy and quotient
Use electric power.
It sells in addition, the electric power being stored in battery 1 can pass through battery station 3 to outside.For example, battery station 3 can
The electric power being stored in battery 1 is sold to Utilities Electric Co., company, general family etc. via power network.Also, by that will install
Battery 1 in battery station 3 is lent or is exchanged, and can also sell the electric power being stored in battery 1 to user.
[2-3. manages servomechanism]
Fig. 4 is the block diagram of the composition of display management servomechanism 4.
As shown in figure 4, management servomechanism 4 has control unit 40, communication section 41, battery data library 42, electric vehicle number
According to library 43 and station database 44.Servomechanism 4 is managed by will letter relevant to battery 1, electric vehicle 2 and battery station 3
Breath is managed collectively, and undertakes the function of this system under the overall leadership.Management servomechanism 4 can execute these by a server device
Function can also execute these functions by multiple server devices.The reading of control unit 40 of management servomechanism 4 is recorded in main memory
The program of body, and set calculation is carried out according to read program and is handled.
Manage the control unit 40 and communication section 41, battery data library 42, electric vehicle database 43 and station number of servomechanism 4
It is connected according to library 44.The letter that control unit 40 will be respectively received via communication section 41 from more electric vehicles 2 and multiple battery stations 3
Breath, is recorded in various databases 42,43,44.Also, control unit 40 can according to the information for being recorded in various databases 42,43,44,
The control signal to electric vehicle 2 and battery station 4 is generated, and the control signal is transmitted through communication section 41.
Communication section 41 is carried out with for management servomechanism 4 via information communication route 6 and electric vehicle 2 and battery station 3
The device of both-way communication.For example, control signal caused by control unit 40 is transmitted to electric vehicle 2 and electric power storage by communication section 41
Pond station 3.Also, communication section 41 can receive the various information being transmitted to from electric vehicle 2 and battery station 3.
Battery data library 42 records its management letter to each to the multiple batteries 1 utilized in this system
The memory means of breath.Fig. 4 is the example for showing the data configuration in battery data library 42.As shown in figure 4, battery station database
42 using the identification number (ID) of battery 1 as key message, and various management informations are established association and are remembered.As shown in figure 4,
The management information of battery 1 include and the present place place of battery, charging times, battery residual capacity, fully charged appearance
Amount and the relevant information of impairment grade.Also, by also memory in advance and in the past used multiple storages in battery data library 42
The relevant information of battery can get the statistical data of battery.By each battery is directed to, used electric power storage of the same race will be pass by
The statistical data in pond is pre-recorded in battery data library 42, and electric power storage can more correctly be grasped by managing servomechanism 4 by these information
The impairment grade in pond.That is, the impairment grade about battery, other than the charging times of single battery and fully charged capacity,
By compared with the statistical data of past battery majority of the same race, more accurate prediction can be carried out.
The information in the present place place of battery, record are accommodated with the identification number (ID) of the electric vehicle 2 of battery
Or the identification number (ID) at battery station 3.Also, in the case where electric vehicle 2 or battery station 3 can store multiple batteries,
The information in the present place place of battery preferably shows multiple storage places possessed by vehicle 2 or battery station 3
In, battery is accommodated in the information in that place.In addition, first letter is the identification number of " V " in example shown in Fig. 4
It is the identification number of electric vehicle, first letter is that the identification number of " S " is the identification number at battery station.
Also, the information of the charging times about battery, the number that record battery is accommodated in battery station 3 can be set as
Information, can also be set as record battery becomes the number full of electricity condition, or can also be set as the electricity after record battery charging
Pond residual capacity becomes the number of specific numerical value or ratio or more.However, the method for acquiring the charging times of battery is unlimited
In the above method, other known methods can be used.Also, as shown in figure 4, the information of the charging times about battery is preferred
For with the speed that charges as carried out shown in number, the commonly number to be charged and the number of progress low speed charging of rapid charge
Degree does not record.By according to the other counted charge time number of charging rate, the accuracy that the impairment grade of battery calculates can be promoted.
Also, the battery charge information about the identification number comprising battery and battery residual capacity etc., preferably remembers
Record the newest battery charge information being transmitted to by electric vehicle 2 or battery station 3.That is, at the present place of battery 1
The case where place is electric vehicle records the battery charge information being transmitted to by communication device 23.Also, in battery 1
The case where place is battery station where now, the battery charging letter that record is transmitted to by the communication device 33 at battery station 3
Breath.In battery data library 42, battery charge information is preferably to be often updated to newest person.
Also, the specified fully charged capacity that the information of the capacity fully charged about battery, preferably record have battery
With fully charged capacity.In Fig. 4, other than fully charged capacity, specified fully charged capacity is indicated with parantheses.When battery 1
When having the BMS10 of the case where to measure and calculate fully charged capacity, fully charged capacity have by BMS 10 measurement and
The case where calculating.
Also, whether battery 1 does not have the case where 10 BMS or battery 1 has the case where 10 BMS, work as reality
It is specified (when new product state) before battery use starts to consider when upper BMS 10 does not measure and calculate fully charged capacity
The deterioration of fully charged capacity and battery, by by control unit 40 modified fully charged capacity etc. be recorded in battery number
It is preferred according to library 42.In general, the access times of battery are the more, the value of fully charged capacity is just got smaller.At this point, fully charged
Capacity be preferably with number, the commonly number that charges and the number of low speed charging according to rapid charge, it is specified by correcting
Fully charged capacity and the value acquired.Furthermore easy deterioration, common to charge when having battery when rapid charge than common charging
When battery than low speed charge when easy deterioration the case where.Therefore, in this situation, more preferably according to rapid charge, commonly fill
Electricity and low speed charging make the weighting variation for influencing the degree of the deterioration of battery, acquire fully charged capacity.In this way, by
The rapid charge of each battery, the number of common charging and low speed charging are recorded in battery data library 42, compare this charging time
Several records and past statistical data can more correctly speculate fully charged capacity.In addition, acquiring above-mentioned fully charged capacity
Calculating, by control unit 40 according to information relevant to the charging times for being recorded in battery data library 42 and with it is specified fully charged
Capacity relevant information carry out.However, the method for acquiring the fully charged capacity of battery is not limited to the above method, can adopt
With other known methods.For example, also can be fully charged to acquire by the resistance value gradually noted down when battery 1 charges
Capacity.Also, for example, also the note other than the BMS 10 for setting and gradually remembering to the capacity that will be filled with electricity can be carried in battery 1 itself
Recall body.
Also, information relevant to the impairment grade of battery, by control unit 40 according to the letter for being recorded in battery data library 42
Breath is calculated.For example, impairment grade also can be with (new) the 5 stage ranks to E (old) of A.For example, when impairment grade is E grade, meaning
Taste the battery have to discard.Also, for an example of rank, appearance that can be more fully charged by control unit 40
Amount acquires from specified fully charged capacity and is reduced to the degree of practical fully charged capacity as impairment grade.However actually by
It is equal measured by the single battery and the fully charged capacity that calculates as BMS 10, it has because external environment or using load due to are led
Cause irregular uneven or low correctness situation.At this point, still with according to acquire according to rapid charge number, commonly charge time
It is preferred that the number of several and low speed charging, which acquires the impairment grade after being corrected,.In this way, being recorded respectively by battery data library 42
The rapid charge of battery, common charging and low speed charging number, and compare this charging times record and past statistics
Data can more correctly speculate impairment grade.However, the method for acquiring the impairment grade of battery is not limited to above-mentioned method, can adopt
With other known methods.
As described above, it is preferred in battery data library 42, for each of multiple batteries 1, with identification number
(ID) be used as key message, by with the present place place of battery, charging times, battery residual capacity, fully charged capacity
And the relevant information of impairment grade is established association and is recorded.
It, will for each for more electric vehicles 2 for being contained in this system preferably in electric vehicle database 43
The use of personal information (name, address, at communication etc.), the car type of vehicle, battery of identification number (ID), user is carried out
It goes through, the signal that storage battery exchanging requires sends the foundation such as resume association and records.Information relevant to the car type of vehicle, comprising with
Type, weight, fuel consumption, the relevant information of the vehicle of year built of electric vehicle 2.Battery includes using resume system:
The identification number (ID) for the battery being used in electric vehicle 2, obtain the battery battery station identification number (ID)
Deng.Also, the signal that storage battery exchanging requires sends resume, the information comprising sending number, place, moment for exchanging and requiring etc..
Preferably in station database 44, for each for the multiple battery stations 3 for being contained in this system, by identification number
(ID), location, battery using the foundation such as the charging history of resume, battery be associated with and record.The use of battery is carried out
It goes through and includes: taking out the number or date, date and time, weather and the battery 3 taken out of battery 1 from battery station 3
Identification number etc. information.The charging history of battery includes: the identifier of the battery to charge in battery station
The information of code etc..
As shown in figure 4, the control unit 40 of management servomechanism 4 preferably comprises station selected means 40a, arrival time predicting means
40b, charging rate determine that means 40c and impairment grade calculate means 40d.These means 40a, 40b, 40c, 40d are control units
40 by reading the program for being accommodated in memory main body and execute read program and the function block that functions.About these
Means 40a, 40b, 40c, 40d, the process flow of this system according to the following instructions are described in detail.
[process flows of 3. systems]
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 is the flow chart of the action example of display storage battery exchanging system of the invention.
Fig. 5 is the process for being shown in 3 new clothes of battery station equipped with battery 1 when.That is, process shown in fig. 5 be display by
By the processing for the preparation stage that battery station 3 precharges battery 1.
As shown in figure 5, firstly, newly installing one or more batteries 1 (step S1-1) at battery station 3.It is installed in
The battery 1 at battery station 3 can be new product, can also be used.
When the newly installing battery 1 of battery station 3, include identification number and electricity from the extraction of battery 1 by detection machine 32
The battery charge information (step S1-2) of pond residual capacity etc..
Battery station 3 will extract the battery comprising identification number and battery residual capacity etc. out by detection machine 32 and charge
Information is transmitted to management servomechanism 4 (step S1-3).Also, battery station 3 starts the charging (step for the battery 1 newly installed
Rapid S1-4).At this point, the situation that battery station 3 is even few in the battery residual capacity of battery 1, it also will not with battery 1
The mode for generating deterioration, is commonly charged or low speed charges.That is, battery station 3 comes from due to being not received by this stage
The storage battery exchanging requirement of electric vehicle 2, so not needing to carry out rapid charge to battery 1.Not equal to being not received by
The stage that storage battery exchanging from electric vehicle 2 requires will lavishly lead when carrying out rapid charge to battery 1
Battery 1 is caused to deteriorate, so less desirable.
On the other hand, the reception of management servomechanism 4 is transmitted to by battery station 3 comprising identification number and battery residual capacity etc.
Battery charge information (step S1-5).Then, the control unit 40 for managing servomechanism 4 is filled according to received battery
Power information carries out the update (step S1-6) in battery data library 42.For the more new job in battery data library 42, with
Carry out the update in present place place, the update of charging times, the update of battery residual capacity of battery 1, fully charged appearance
The update of amount and the update of impairment grade.As described above, the update of fully charged capacity or impairment grade, preferably by according to memory
It is carried out in the charging times institute corrector of the battery in battery data library 42.Also, the control unit 40 of management servomechanism 4 also may be used
According to the battery charge information received by the battery station 3, the charging history for being embedded in station database 44 is updated.
Then, Fig. 6 is the process for the case where display carries out storage battery exchanging requirement by electric vehicle 2.
As shown in fig. 6, firstly, the control device 20 of electric vehicle 2 generates the exchange for carrying the battery 1 for being set to vehicle itself
It is required that (step S2-1).The exchange of battery 1 require also can using the battery residual capacity of battery 1 as below set value as
Opportunity is automatically generated by control device 20.Also, the exchange of battery 1 requires, it also can be saturating by the user of electric vehicle 1
It crosses interface 25 and carries out set input operation, whereby using control device 20 to generate manually.
When generating storage battery exchanging requirement by control device 20, the BMS 10 of battery 1 will measure and calculate load
Set on the battery residual capacity (step S2-2) of each battery 1 of vehicle itself.As measured by BMS10 and what is calculated includes each
The battery charge information of the battery residual capacity of battery 1 etc. can be sent to the residual capacity meter 21 of electric vehicle 2.When
When residual capacity meter 21 obtains the battery charge information comprising identification number and battery residual capacity etc., just by information towards control
Device 20 is sent out.In addition, the acquirement of the identification number and battery residual capacity etc. of each battery 1, it also can be by residual capacity meter
21 directly carry out.
Also, when generating storage battery exchanging requirement by control device 20, the location information acquisition device of electric vehicle 2
(GPS) 22 present position (step S2-3) that will detect vehicle itself.It is detected by location information acquisition device (GPS) 22
The relevant information of the present position of the electric vehicle 2 arrived is sent to control device 20.
Control device 20 is received to be believed with the charging of the battery of the identification number comprising battery 1 and battery residual capacity etc.
When ceasing information relevant with the present position of vehicle itself, just these information are required to be transmitted to together with storage battery exchanging
It manages servomechanism 4 (step S2-4).
Management servomechanism 4, which is received, to be required by the storage battery exchanging that electric vehicle 2 is transmitted to, is set to electric vehicle comprising carrying
The identification number of 2 battery 1 and the battery charge information of battery residual capacity etc. and the present position with electric vehicle 2
Related information (step S2-5).Manage the control unit 40 of servomechanism 4 also can by received by electric vehicle 2 this etc. information
Temporary memory is in memory body.Also, the control unit of management servomechanism 40 also can be by the storage battery exchanging as received by electric vehicle 2
It is required that being recorded in electric vehicle database 43.
The selected means 40a in the station of control unit 40 is according to as received by the electric vehicle 2 of carry out storage battery exchanging requirement
The battery charge information and present position information of identification number and battery residual capacity comprising battery etc. determine electric vehicle
2 moveable distances (accessibility range) (step S2-6).Under a certain amount of battery residual capacity, electric vehicle 2 can
Mobile distance is changed according to the car type of electric vehicle.Then, the selected means 40a that stands see, for example the car type of electric vehicle 2, sentence
The fixed distance that can travel that degree with the battery residual capacity of battery.Also, the selected means 40a that stands can also be set as determining electricity
When 2 accessibility range of motor-car, the crowded state etc. of weather, period, road is considered.
Then, the selected means 40a in the station of control unit 40 is included in the one or more of the accessibility range of electric vehicle 2
Battery station 3 is chosen to be " candidate station " (step S2-7).The selected means 40a that stands can also be set as being included in electric vehicle 2 can arriving
All battery stations 3 of the range reached are selected to be used as candidate station.Also, the selected means 40a that stands can also be set as only selecting electric vehicle
2 immediate battery stations 3.In addition, the selected means 40a that stands can also be set as carrying out following processing: be included in it is electronic
After multiple battery stations 3 extraction of the accessibility range of vehicle 2, the location at multiple battery stations 3 is transmitted to electric vehicle
2, a battery station 3 is selected from multiple battery stations 3 for the user of electric vehicle 2, by user selected one
Battery station 3 is selected to be used as candidate station.Also, the selected means 40a that stands can also be set as being contained in the accessibility range of electric vehicle 2
Multiple battery stations 3 in, candidate station will be used as by the selected any battery station 3 of the manager of this system is selected.
When candidate station is selected, the control unit 40 of servomechanism 4 is managed to selected battery station 3, notifies its purport (step
Rapid S2-8).That is, the control unit 40 of management servomechanism 4 may be by the way by carry out storage battery exchanging by electric vehicle 2
Purport notifies candidate station.
The battery station 3 for being selected as candidate station receives the notice (step S2-9) for carrying out Self management servomechanism 4.Work as quilt
It is just more to what is charged when the battery station 3 (candidate station) that notice electric vehicle 2 may pass through by the way receives the purport
A battery 1 extracts battery charge information (step S2-10) out by detection machine 32.Extracted battery charging letter herein
In breath, identification number (ID), battery residual capacity comprising battery 1.Then, it is selected as the battery station 3 at candidate station
The battery charge information extracted out by detection machine 32 is transmitted to management servomechanism 4 (step S2-11).
Management servomechanism 4 receives the battery charge information (step S2-12) being transmitted to by above-mentioned battery station 3.So
Afterwards, manage servomechanism 4 impairment grade calculate means 40d according to the battery charge information received by battery station 3 and with note
The relevant information of charging times in the battery in battery data library 42 is recorded, impairment grade (the step S2- of each battery is acquired
13).Then, the control unit 40 of servomechanism 4 is managed according to received battery charge information, more by battery data library 42
Newly it is last state (step S2-14).The more new job in battery data library 42 herein preferably carries out filling for battery 1
The update of electric number, the update of battery residual capacity, the update of fully charged capacity and the update of impairment grade.As described above, filling
The update of the capacity of full electricity is preferably by the charging times institute corrector of the battery according to memory in battery data library 42
Come carry out.Also, the update of information relevant to the impairment grade of battery, obtained bad based on means 40d is calculated by impairment grade
Change degree carries out.
On the other hand, it is set to the arrival time predicting means 40b of the control unit 40 of management servomechanism 4, is selected by station
After determining the selected candidate station means 40a, prediction carries out the time until the arrival of electric vehicle 2 of the storage battery exchanging requirement candidate station
(step S2-15).The travel speed (such as legal limit) of electric vehicle 2 is changed according to the car type of electric vehicle.Then, it arrives
The car type that see, for example electric vehicle 2 up to time prediction means 40b predicts that the electric vehicle 2 is required from storage battery exchanging is sent
Time of the position until reaching candidate station.Arrival time predicting means 40b can also be made to reach in prediction electric vehicle 2 and wait
When mending the time at station, the crowded state etc. of weather, period, road is considered.
As described above, when battery data library 42 has been updated to last state (step S2-14), and have been predicted that electronic
After the arrival time (step S2-15) of vehicle 2, the charging rate decision means 40c of management servomechanism 4 is according to these information, certainly
It is scheduled on the speed (step S2-16) that battery 1 charges in candidate station.Charging rate determines means 40c according to electric vehicle 2
The arrival scheduled time, be recorded in the information in battery data library 42, consider it is various will be because determining the battery in candidate station
1 charging rate.Decision about charging rate is handled, referring to Fig. 7~Figure 11, after being described in more detail in.Also, being determined by charging rate
Determine the charging rate that means 40c is determined, control signal can be converted into control unit 40, and be transmitted to and be selected as waiting
Mend the battery station 3 (step S2-17) at station.
The reception of battery station 3 for being selected as candidate station is related to the charging rate being transmitted to by management servomechanism 4
Control signal (step S2-18).Then, the controller 30 at battery station 3 is filled according to what is received by management servomechanism 4
The relevant control signal of electric speed, controls the charging rate (step S2-19) of charger 31.
Though only managing servomechanism 4 can also be set as carrying out following control: select candidate in addition, the illustration is omitted
This electric vehicle 2 is directed to candidate station by the position informing electric vehicle 2 at candidate station by the stage (step S2-17) stood.By
Electric vehicle 2, can be swimmingly induced to the battery station 3 for being selected as candidate station by this.Also, by guidance electric vehicle,
The user of electric vehicle 2 can make electric vehicle 2 be moved to battery station 3 in the case where not having to worry that battery is used up.
Also, the battery for being delivered to electric vehicle 2 from battery station 3 (candidate station) does not need to be often fill in the present invention
Electricity.For example, being set as having specified the driver of electric vehicle 2 can not only reach with 1 battery (that is, midway must exchange electric power storage
Pond) destination.In in this case, can also be set as the battery station of many places to the destination path for being present in electric vehicle 2
3, carry out the reservation in advance of storage battery exchanging.For example, management servomechanism 4 can be more on the path of electric vehicle 2 for being present in
The arrival time of electric vehicle 2 is predicted, to control the charging rate of battery in the battery station 3 at place.In this situation, electric vehicle
2 battery stations 3 that can be arrived by the way in the way in path, do not need that the battery of exchangeable object is made to be often fill with electricity in advance, only
The degree at next battery station 3 is reached with electric vehicle 2, and exchangeable object battery charges in advance.In this way,
In the present invention, can according to it is miscellaneous will be because, control the charging rate of the battery carried out at battery station 3.
[4. charging rate decisions processing]
Then, in step S2-16, be described in detail by management servomechanism 4 charging rate determine means 40c institute into
Capable charging rate decision processing.Charging rate determines the example of processing as shown in Fig. 7~Figure 11.However, shown in Fig. 7~Figure 11
Processing only as an example of, the present invention in charging rate decision processing is not limited to processing illustrated by Fig. 7~Figure 11.
Fig. 7 (a) is to indicate to reach the scheduled time at battery station 3 according to electric vehicle 2 and charge in battery station 3
Battery battery residual capacity, come control battery charging rate example.As long as described above, reaching the scheduled time
Speed and the position of electric vehicle 2 are considered, prediction electric vehicle 2 reaches candidate station from the position that storage battery exchanging requires is sent
Time.Also, crowded state of weather, period, road etc. can also be considered and acquire by reaching the scheduled time.
For example, be 30 points or more in the arrival predicted time of electric vehicle 2 as shown in Fig. 7 (a), and in battery station 3 into
In the case that the battery residual capacity of the battery of row charging is 90Ah or more, as long as the battery is set as " low speed charging " i.e.
It can.At this point, battery can also be kept fully charged during before electric vehicle 1 reaches even if carrying out low speed charging to battery.
Also, carrying out low speed charging when there is the time of enough chargings by by battery, the deterioration of battery can be prevented.
On the other hand, it even if the arrival predicted time of electric vehicle 2 is 30 points or more, charges when at battery station 3
Battery battery residual capacity be 70Ah hereinafter, the battery carry out " rapid charge ".Whereby, electric vehicle 1 can be arrived
It is during before until reaching, battery is fully charged.
In addition, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 7 (a), when the arrival predicted time of electric vehicle 2 is within 15 points, and store
When the battery residual capacity of battery is 70Ah or less, which is subjected to " common charging ".The reasons why carrying out such processing
: battery is even subjected to rapid charge, is completed before being also unable to catch up with the arrival of electric vehicle 2, thus it is common specially to carry out
Charging is come to prevent the deterioration of battery be preferential.
Fig. 7 (b) indicates arrival scheduled time and the electricity of the battery to charge at battery station 3 in addition to electric vehicle 2
Outside the residual capacity of pond, considers electric vehicle 2 and reach the distance that battery station 3 (candidate station) can travel afterwards, to control battery
The example of charging rate.It is the finger for indicating the emergency of storage battery exchanging that electric vehicle 2, which reaches the distance that can travel behind candidate station,
Mark.That is, if electric vehicle 2 reach candidate station after can only be travelled with short distance if, it can be said that exchange electric vehicle 2 storage
The emergency of battery is high.On the other hand, if if long range can be travelled again behind the arrival of electric vehicle 2 candidate station, it can be said that handing over
The emergency for changing the battery of electric vehicle 2 is low.Here, the range that electric vehicle 2 is travelable, can consider load and be set to electric vehicle
The battery residual capacity of 2 battery is calculated with car type type.Also, electric vehicle 2 reaches the distance that can travel behind candidate station
Electric vehicle 2 can be cut by the range that can travel from electric vehicle 2 to calculate to the distance at candidate station.
For example, as shown in Fig. 7 (b), it is assumed that when the battery residual capacity for the battery that battery station 3 is charged is 70Ah,
When electric vehicle 2 arrival predicted time be 30 points within, and electric vehicle 2 reach candidate station after can travel distance be 5km
Within in the case where, the emergency of the storage battery exchanging of electric vehicle 2 is high.Therefore, in such cases, battery is carried out
" rapid charge ".
On the other hand, even if the arrival predicted time of electric vehicle 2 is within 30 points, when electric vehicle 2 reaches candidate station
When travelable distance is 10km or more afterwards, the emergency of the storage battery exchanging of electric vehicle 2 is low.It then, will in such situation
Battery carries out " common charging ", is preferential to prevent the deterioration of battery.
Fig. 7 (c) is to indicate to use resume from battery station 3 is past, predicts the timing of storage battery exchanging, and pre- according to this
It surveys to control the example of the charging rate of battery.In this way, by the timing of prediction storage battery exchanging, even if can not be from electronic
Vehicle 2 obtains the case where information relevant to location information or battery residual capacity, can also reach battery station in electric vehicle 2
When 3, a possibility that needing fully charged battery is improved.For example, in the example shown in Fig. 7 (c), according to present period, day
Gas and weekly certain what day, use resume from past, acquire the frequency of use at battery station 3.Then, to frequency of use
Certain of more period, weather and one week what day, carry out " rapid charge ", the period few to frequency of use, weather and one week
Certain what day, it carries out " low speed charging ".
For example, according to weather not Guan Kan battery station 3 frequency of use when, fine day and cloudy day when frequency of use it is more, the rainy day
When frequency of use tail off.Also, according to one week certain what day not Guan Kan battery station 3 frequency of use when, frequency of use on ordinary days
More, the frequency of use in holiday and red-letter day tails off.Also, according to the period not Guan Kan battery station 3 frequency of use when, morning and dusk
Commuting peak hour frequency of use it is more, the frequency of use at night tails off.In the example shown in Fig. 7 (c), thus equal mistake
The timing using resume prediction storage battery exchanging gone, controls that " rapid charge " of battery, " common charging ", " low speed fills
Electricity ".
Fig. 8 shows for multiple batteries for charging at battery station 3, in advance by its impairment grade rank, with
The mode of the impairment grade equalization of each battery in battery station 3, controls the example of the charging rate of each battery.That is,
In the battery data library 42 that management servomechanism 4 has, impairment grade is recorded for each of multiple batteries.With battery
The relevant information of impairment grade determined according to information relevant to the fully charged capacity of the charging times of battery, battery
Value.By equalizing the impairment grade of each battery, can by be located in a battery station 3 or specific geographic range it is multiple
The battery deteriorated in battery station 3 is disposably replaced.
In example shown in Fig. 8, for position at multiple battery stations 3 of specific geographic range, by the battery 1 in charging
Impairment grade indicated with A~E.In impairment grade A~E, " A " meaning is newest, and " E " meaning is oldest.Watch shown in Fig. 8 specific in position
Geographic range four battery stations 3 when, have the battery high and close to the period for replacing with new product there are multiple impairment grades
1, battery 1 low there is also impairment grade and also newer.Accordingly, with respect to impairment grade, high and older battery 1, is preferably saved
Rapid charge processed, is commonly charged or low speed charges, to inhibit the deterioration of battery 1.On the other hand, low about impairment grade and
Newer battery 1, preferably energetically carries out rapid charge, specially promotes the deterioration of battery 1, whereby the storage old with other
The impairment grade of battery 1 is consistent.For example, the difference about the impairment grade with other batteries 1 is larger in a battery station 3
New accumulator 1, in a manner of being set as relatively frequently carrying out rapid charge and being often preferentially utilized, specially promote deterioration is
It is preferred that.Even if also, having newer battery 1 in a battery station 3, when the difference of the impairment grade with other batteries 1 is small
When, to be set as preferentially being utilized, and restraining rapid charge as far as possible is preferred.As described above, determining the charging rate of battery 1
When, preferably for the purpose of the equalization of the impairment grade with other batteries 1, make to become uniform with the impairment grade of other batteries
Mode, to determine " rapid charge ", " common charging " or " low speed charging ".
Fig. 9 is indicated for the multiple batteries to charge in a battery station 3, becomes uniform with battery residual capacity
Mode control the example of charging rate.That is, the control of such charging rate, is having to hand over for an electric vehicle 2
It is not preferentially to make any battery 1 in identical battery station 3 fully charged in the case where changing multiple batteries 1, but it is excellent
First make the battery residual capacity of all batteries 1 close to equal state.Reason is: by multiple battery-driven electricity
The performance (speed, operating range) of motor-car, vehicle entirety has the battery most deteriorated or battery residual capacity is minimum
The performance of battery the case where being driven.
Also, supplying power to the source power supply major limitation at battery station 3 current value (A) and the magnitude of current (Ah).For example,
The current value (A) of the common electric power supplied by power network according to the contract content of Utilities Electric Co. etc. and each shop is limited
System.In addition, will be by the power supply that renewable energy system (such as solar power generating device) obtains to battery station 3
Situation, current value (A) and the magnitude of current (Ah) and the sun day illumination, the sunshine-duration directlys proportional and is restricted.Therefore, it is limiting
When current value (A) is with the magnitude of current (Ah), in order to keep the battery residual capacity of multiple batteries in a battery station 3 uniform
Change, it is necessary to suitably control the charging rate (=charging current value) to each battery.
For example, in the example shown in Fig. 9, the current value (A) for being supplied to a battery station 3 has the limitation of 60A.Also,
There are four the quantity for the battery 1 being managed in a battery station 3 is set, each battery residual capacity be set to 90Ah,
90Ah, 80Ah and 80Ah.Also, the time that electric vehicle 1 reaches battery station 3 is set as 1 hour.In such situation, completion is filled
Electricity reaches two batteries 1 of 90Ah, and low " low speed charging " is compared with 10Ah (10A × 1h).On the other hand, to only completing
Charging reaches two batteries 1 of 80Ah, carries out higher " rapid charge " with 20Ah (20A × 1h).In this way, preferably for each
Battery 1 is exchanged with each other charging rate (=charging current value), to adjust the charging rate of each battery 1, in order in electric vehicle
1 time point reached, while being prepared with the battery of multiple same battery residual capacities.
Figure 10 is the available battery 1 for being installed in other chargers 31 of charger 31 indicated in a battery station 3
The example of the case where as power supply.In example shown in Fig. 10, charger 31 is considered using being installed in other chargers 31
The case where battery 1 is as power supply controls charging rate so that the battery residual capacity of multiple batteries uniforms.
Firstly, Figure 10 (a) is to indicate that each charger 31 can not be using being installed in the battery 1 of other chargers 31 as electric
The case where source.For example, it is assumed that the magnitude of current from external power supply is limited to 25Ah.Also, in battery station 3 there are four storages
The battery residual capacity of battery 1, each battery 1 is set to 95Ah, 85Ah, 70Ah and 65Ah.Also, electric vehicle 1 arrives
Time up to battery station 3 is set as 1 hour.In such situation, it is assumed that be installed in other chargings when each charger 31 can not utilize
When the battery 1 of device 31 is as power supply, it will be difficult to behind 1 hour that electric vehicle 2 reaches, make the battery of four batteries 1
Residual capacity homogenization.For example, it is assumed that by the battery 1 of battery residual capacity 70Ah with 10Ah (10A × 1h) charging, by battery
The battery 1 of residual capacity 65Ah is with 15Ah (15A × 1h) charging.However, as a result, the battery remaining of four batteries 1
Capacity becomes 95Ah, 85Ah, 80Ah, 80Ah, it may be said that can not fully uniform.
In contrast, Figure 10 (b) is to indicate each charger 31 using 1 conduct of battery for being filled in other chargers 31
The case where power supply.Here, even if the battery residual capacity and the magnitude of current in battery 1 limit, being set as in the example of Figure 10 (b)
The identical condition with above-mentioned Figure 10 (a).However, in example shown in Figure 10 (b), each charger 31 is filled using being installed in other
The battery 1 of electric appliance 31 is used as power supply.Therefore, can be made with the battery 1 for being charged to the most 95Ah of battery residual capacity
For power supply, the charging of other batteries 1 is fed electrical power to.For example, keeping electric current inverse from the battery 1 for being charged to 95Ah
Stream -10Ah (- 10A × 1h).The electric power of the battery 1 supplied by battery residual capacity 95Ah is applied flexibly in battery residual capacity
The charging of the battery 1 of the battery 1 and battery residual capacity 65Ah of 70Ah.Mode whereby, can be by battery residual capacity 70Ah
Battery 1 charged with 15Ah (15A × 1h), by the battery 1 of battery residual capacity 65Ah with 20Ah (20A × 1h) into
Row charging.As a result, the battery residual capacity of four batteries 1 after electric vehicle 2 reaches 1 hour, all becomes 85Ah, electricity
Pond residual capacity becomes homogenization.In this way, by the more battery of battery residual capacity to be accommodated in a battery station 3
1 be used as power supply, charge to other batteries 1, can each battery 1 easy to accomplish battery residual capacity homogenization.
Figure 11 is that the generating electricity by natural energy machine renewable energy obtained for indicating to have by battery station 3 makees maximum
The example for the case where limit is applied flexibly, charging to carry out battery 1.The example of generating electricity by natural energy machine is solar power generation
Machine, solar thermal power generation machine and wind-driven generator etc..Here, by generating electricity by natural energy machine be solar power generation machine in case where into
Row explanation.In the case where battery station 3 has solar power generation machine, the charging of battery 1, it would be desirable to utilized as far as possible by the sun
Light generator renewable energy obtained, to control the use of commercial power.In particular, the charging of battery 1 can be again to utilize
Raw energy resource supply 100% is preferred.However, solar power generation machine is due to being that the sunshine of the sun is converted into the energy, so can
There is its limitation on the current value (A) and the magnitude of current (Ah) of supply.Also, solar power generation machine can be in the sunshine period (nature of the sun
The period that energy generator can generate electricity), battery 1 is charged, however the non-sunshine period of the sun (generating electricity by natural energy machine without
The period of method power generation), it is just difficult to charge battery 1.In addition, as described above, it is also desirable to make the battery remaining covolume of each battery 1
Amount uniforms as far as possible.
Then, in the example shown in Figure 11, it is assumed that in the non-sunshine period of the sun, by applying flexibly in battery station 3
Battery 1 charges other batteries as power supply, can be uniform as best one can by the battery residual capacity of each battery 1 in advance
Change, when the sunshine period for becoming the sun, while carrying out the charging for each battery that battery residual capacity has uniformed.
Firstly, Figure 11 (a) indicates not carry out the example of the charging of battery 1 in the non-sunshine period of the sun.For example,
Storage is there are four battery 1 in battery station 3, the battery residual capacity of each battery 1 be set to 95Ah, 85Ah, 75Ah and
65Ah.Also, assuming after becoming the sunshine period of the sun, after 1 hour, electric vehicle 2 reaches battery station 3.In this feelings
Condition is switched to the time point of sunshine period in the non-sunshine period from the sun, if the battery remaining of the battery 1 in battery station 3
Capacity does not uniform, when becoming the sunshine period of the sun, even if utilizing the renewable energy obtained by solar power generation machine
Rapid charge is carried out, the battery for also probably some is not completed to charge.For example, as shown in Figure 11 (a), even if
It after becoming the sunshine period of the sun, charges 1 hour, it is also difficult to when electric vehicle 2 reaches, by the battery remaining of each battery 1
Capacity homogenization.
Relatively, Figure 11 (b) is to apply flexibly even if the non-sunshine period in the sun by by the battery 1 in battery station 3
As power supply, other batteries are charged, can in advance be uniformed the battery residual capacity of each battery 1 as far as possible.
For example, the electric power storage in the non-sunshine period of the sun, from the battery 1 of battery residual capacity 95Ah, to battery residual capacity 65Ah
Pond 1 supplies the magnitude of current of 15Ah to be precharged.Also, from the battery 1 of battery residual capacity 85Ah, to battery remaining
The battery 1 of capacity 75Ah supplies the magnitude of current of 5Ah to be precharged.Mode whereby, in the non-sunshine period of the sun,
The battery residual capacity of each battery 1 all becomes 80Ah and uniforms.Then, in this way, each battery 1 battery remaining
In the state that capacity has uniformed, the sunshine period is switched to from the non-sunshine period of the sun.Whereby, by from solar power generation machine
Obtained renewable energy starts the charging for carrying out battery 1.At this point, since the battery residual capacity of each battery 1 is uniform
Change, so charging respectively with the magnitude of current of 20Ah by by each battery 1, multiple electricity can be prepared when electric vehicle 2 reaches
Pond residual capacity has uniformed and has been full of the battery 1 of electricity condition.In this way, having the feelings of solar power generation machine at battery station 3
Under condition, by the non-sunshine period using the sun, in advance uniform the battery residual capacity of each battery 1, it can be to greatest extent
Apply flexibly the renewable energy obtained by solar power generation machine in ground.
More than, in this case specification, in order to show the contents of the present invention, on one side referring to schema, on one side with of the invention excellent
It selects and explains centered on implementation form.However, the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned implementation form, also comprising technology belonging to the invention
Have apparent easy to know change form or improvement of the usually intellectual carried out by according to item documented by this case specification in field
Form.
For example, in the present invention, is connect from battery station 3 (candidate station) and be delivered to the battery of electric vehicle 2 and not necessarily to fill
Full electricity.For example, it is assumed that having specified the driver of electric vehicle 2 can not only be reached with 1 battery (that is, midway must exchange storage
Battery) destination.In this situation, it can also be set as many places battery station in the destination path for being present in electric vehicle 2
3, carry out the reservation in advance of storage battery exchanging.For example, management servomechanism 4 can be more on the path of electric vehicle 2 for being present in
Locate battery station 3, the arrival time of electric vehicle 2 is predicted, to control the charging rate of battery.In this situation, electric vehicle 2
The battery station 3 arrived by the way in the way in path does not need often to make the battery of exchangeable object fully charged in advance, as long as with electricity
Motor-car 2 can reach the degree at next battery station 3, and exchangeable object battery is precharged.In this way, of the invention
In, can according to it is miscellaneous will be because, control the charging rate of the battery carried out at battery station 3.
A possibility that being utilized in industry
The related battery used in electrically driven vehicle exchange system of the present invention.Therefore, the present invention may help to apply flexibly the society of green energy resource
The realization of meeting.
Description of symbols
1 battery
2 electric vehicles
3 battery stations
4 management servomechanisms
10 BMS
20 control devices (electric vehicle)
21 residual capacity meters
22 location information acquisition devices (GPS)
23 communication devices
24 motors
25 interfaces
26 speedometers
27 controllers
28 information connection terminals
30 controllers (battery station)
31 chargers
32 detection machines
33 communication devices
34 power supplys
34a generating electricity by natural energy machine
34b power network
40 control units (management servomechanism)
The selected means in the station 40a
40b arrival time predicting means
40c charging rate determines means
40d impairment grade calculates means
41 communication sections
42 battery data libraries
43 electric vehicle databases
44 station databases
100 storage battery exchanging systems
Claims (6)
1. a kind of storage battery exchanging system, has: electric vehicle (2), it can be by utilizing tradable battery (1) drive motor
To travel；Battery station (3) is adjusted charging rate and aforementioned accumulator cells (1) charges；And management servomechanism (4), will before
Electric vehicle (2) and aforementioned accumulator cells station (3) are stated to be connected with each other through communication network, it is characterised in that:
Impairment grade of aforementioned management servomechanism (4) according to aforementioned accumulator cells, determines the charger for being installed in aforementioned accumulator cells station
The charging rate of battery, and the relevant information of the charging rate of aforementioned accumulator cells is transmitted to aforementioned accumulator cells station；
Aforementioned accumulator cells station (3) according to from it is aforementioned management servomechanism (4) received by aforementioned accumulator cells charging rate phase
The information of pass, control are installed in the charging rate of the battery of aforementioned charger.
2. a kind of storage battery exchanging system, has: electric vehicle (2), it can be by utilizing tradable battery (1) drive motor
To travel；Battery station (3) can charge aforementioned accumulator cells (1)；And management servomechanism (4), by aforementioned electric vehicle (2)
And aforementioned accumulator cells station (3) are connected with each other through communication network, it is characterised in that:
Aforementioned accumulator cells station (3) has multiple chargers (31), and aforesaid plurality of charger (31), which can use, to be installed in other and fill
The battery (1) of electric appliance (31) is used as power supply, charges to the battery for being installed in itself；
Battery residual capacity relevant information of aforementioned management servomechanism (4) according to the battery in aforementioned accumulator cells station (3), certainly
Surely the power supply of the battery of one or more chargers (31) at the battery station (3) will be installed in other batteries
Supply amount, and the relevant information of the supply amount of aforementioned accumulator cells is transmitted to aforementioned accumulator cells station；
Aforementioned accumulator cells station (3) is according to related to the supply amount of aforementioned accumulator cells received by the aforementioned management servomechanism (4)
Information, control be installed in aforementioned charger (31) battery charging.
3. a kind of storage battery exchanging system, has: electric vehicle (2), it can be by utilizing tradable battery (1) drive motor
To travel；Battery station (3) is adjusted charging rate and aforementioned accumulator cells (1) charges；And management servomechanism (4), will before
Electric vehicle (2) and aforementioned accumulator cells station (3) are stated to be connected with each other through communication network, it is characterised in that:
Aforementioned accumulator cells station (3) has multiple chargers (31), and aforesaid plurality of charger (31) can be from being installed in other chargers
(31) battery and generating electricity by natural energy machine (34a) receives the supply of electric power, adjusts charging rate on one side, and one in face of being installed in
The battery of itself charges；
Aforementioned management servomechanism (4) is directed to the multiple of the one or more chargers (31) being installed in a battery station (3)
Battery (1) is determined in the period that aforementioned generating electricity by natural energy machine can not generate electricity using at least one battery as when power supply
Each battery charging rate,
In the period that aforementioned generating electricity by natural energy machine can generate electricity, determine using aforementioned generating electricity by natural energy machine (34a) as power supply
When aforementioned each battery charging rate,
And the relevant information of the charging rate of aforementioned accumulator cells is transmitted to aforementioned accumulator cells station (3)；
Aforementioned accumulator cells station (3) according to from it is aforementioned management servomechanism (4) received by aforementioned accumulator cells charging rate phase
The information of pass, control are installed in the charging rate of the battery of aforementioned charger.
4. a kind of computer program medium, which is characterized in that the code stored thereon is play server device as power
Benefit require 1 described in management servomechanism (4) in storage battery exchanging system function.
It, can be by the electric vehicle that is travelled using tradable battery (1) drive motor 5. a kind of management servomechanism (4)
(2), and adjust charging rate and can by battery station (3) that aforementioned accumulator cells (1) charges through communication network connection,
It is characterized in that,
According to the impairment grade of aforementioned accumulator cells, the charging rate for being installed in the battery of the charger at aforementioned accumulator cells station is determined,
And the relevant information of the charging rate of aforementioned accumulator cells is transmitted to aforementioned accumulator cells station.
6. a kind of accumulator cell management method, which is characterized in that it includes:
Process is transmitted, impairment grade of management servomechanism (4) according to battery (1) determines the charger for being installed in battery station (3)
Battery charging rate, and the relevant information of the charging rate of aforementioned accumulator cells is transmitted to aforementioned accumulator cells station (3)；With
And
Process is controlled, aforementioned accumulator cells station (3) manage filling for aforementioned accumulator cells received by servomechanism (4) according to from aforementioned
The relevant information of electric speed, control are installed in the charging rate of the battery of aforementioned charger.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013-140925 | 2013-07-04 | ||
| JP2013140925A JP5362930B1 (en) | 2013-07-04 | 2013-07-04 | Battery replacement system and program for electric vehicle |
| CN201480047422.2A CN105493378B (en) | 2013-07-04 | 2014-06-11 | Battery used in electrically driven vehicle exchange system and program |
| PCT/JP2014/065458 WO2015001930A1 (en) | 2013-07-04 | 2014-06-11 | Battery replacement system for electric vehicle and program |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201480047422.2A Division CN105493378B (en) | 2013-07-04 | 2014-06-11 | Battery used in electrically driven vehicle exchange system and program |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108973744A true CN108973744A (en) | 2018-12-11 |
| CN108973744B CN108973744B (en) | 2022-06-03 |
Family
ID=49850344
Family Applications (4)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111357827.4A Active CN114084032B (en) | 2013-07-04 | 2014-06-11 | Battery exchange system, computer program medium, management server, and battery management method |
| CN201810629739.7A Active CN108749624B (en) | 2013-07-04 | 2014-06-11 | Storage battery exchange system, computer program medium, and management server |
| CN201810874679.5A Active CN108973744B (en) | 2013-07-04 | 2014-06-11 | Storage battery exchange system, management server, and storage battery management method |
| CN201480047422.2A Active CN105493378B (en) | 2013-07-04 | 2014-06-11 | Battery used in electrically driven vehicle exchange system and program |
Family Applications Before (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111357827.4A Active CN114084032B (en) | 2013-07-04 | 2014-06-11 | Battery exchange system, computer program medium, management server, and battery management method |
| CN201810629739.7A Active CN108749624B (en) | 2013-07-04 | 2014-06-11 | Storage battery exchange system, computer program medium, and management server |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201480047422.2A Active CN105493378B (en) | 2013-07-04 | 2014-06-11 | Battery used in electrically driven vehicle exchange system and program |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (4) | JP5362930B1 (en) |
| CN (4) | CN114084032B (en) |
| TW (1) | TWI583577B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2015001930A1 (en) |
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| WO2015001930A1 (en) | 2015-01-08 |
| JP2015015875A (en) | 2015-01-22 |
| JP2019004693A (en) | 2019-01-10 |
| CN108749624A (en) | 2018-11-06 |
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| JP6181482B2 (en) | 2017-08-16 |
| CN105493378B (en) | 2018-08-28 |
| CN108973744B (en) | 2022-06-03 |
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| JP6371450B2 (en) | 2018-08-08 |
| JP6730643B2 (en) | 2020-07-29 |
| TWI583577B (en) | 2017-05-21 |
| CN114084032A (en) | 2022-02-25 |
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