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CN108973709B - 用于运行具有不同化学组成区的模块的电池组的确定电池部分特性的方法 - Google Patents

用于运行具有不同化学组成区的模块的电池组的确定电池部分特性的方法 Download PDF

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CN108973709B
CN108973709B CN201810465617.9A CN201810465617A CN108973709B CN 108973709 B CN108973709 B CN 108973709B CN 201810465617 A CN201810465617 A CN 201810465617A CN 108973709 B CN108973709 B CN 108973709B
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CN108973709A (zh
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P·E·弗罗斯特
R·B·弗拉加
A·K·萨特曼
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Abstract

一种针对具有多个电池部件的电池调节电池控制软件的方法，包括将电池连接到充电器或放电系统。随后开始充电或放电操作，与此同时在充电或放电操作期间监测每个电池部分的电压响应。随后将电压响应与校准数据库相关联以针对每个电池部分从校准数据库选择控制算法。

Description

用于运行具有不同化学组成区的模块的电池组的确定电池部 分特性的方法
技术领域
本公开涉及车辆电池组，并且更具体地，涉及用于运行具有不同化学组成的模块的电池组的方法。
背景技术
本章节提供与本公开有关的背景信息，其未必是现有技术。
为了更有效且节约成本地保养电池，比如那些在混合动力或电动车辆中使用的电池，高压电池组被组装作为部件。新的或翻新的部件可以替代过度劣化或以其他方式故障的部件，从而减少了维修成本和时间。然而，电池工业中的趋势是继续产生电池化学性质的更新的和更高能量的变型，因此设计车辆所利用的电池化学性质通常与结束生产所利用的化学性质不同，举例而言。迄今为止，现有技术的控制软件实施方式支持包含仅细微不同的相同化学性质或多种化学性质的电池组，意味着它们具有几乎相同的开路电压/充电状态关系以及动态电压特性。由于这个原因，电池的工业用户不得不建立电池组/部件的库存以为早期的生产运行持续进行部件更换；例如，在电动车辆的引入模型的年间。这是需要的，因为一旦电池化学性质已显著改变，则控制装置将与混合的部件不匹配。本公开描述了一种方法，用来使控制软件与具有混合电池化学性质的部件相匹配。
发明内容
本章节提供对本公开的大体概述，而并非其整个范围或其全部特征的全面公开。
每种电池化学性质在开路电压/充电状态关系方面具有唯一的分布。在电池正在充电或放电时，电池的动态电压特性紧密模拟开路电压/充电状态关系。利用此知识，充电或放电的电压迹线可以利用电池模型参数、充电终止准则以及也在数据库中的电化学参数与利用开路电压/充电状态曲线的校准数据库中存在的电势化学性质相关联。对应于最高评分电势化学性质的校准值被用于基于电池组的算法。还可以利用相同的方法跟踪基于部件或电芯的算法。
通过本文所提供的描述其他应用领域将变得显而易见。在本发明内容中的描述和具体示例仅旨在用于说明的目的，而并不旨在限制本公开的范围。
附图说明
本文所描述的附图仅用于对选定实施例而非所有可能的实施方式进行说明的目的，并且并不旨在限制本公开的范围。
图1是根据本公开原理电池充电系统的示意图；
图2是示出用于操作具有不同化学组成的模块的电池组的自动诊断/保养模式的方面的流程图；
图3是在充电操作期间示范性测量电池电压随时间变化的曲线图；以及
图4是在充电操作期间示范性电池充电状态随时间变化的曲线图。
在附图的整个若干视图中对应的附图标记指示对应的部件。
具体实施方式
现在将参考附图更充分地描述示例性实施例。
提供示例性实施例以使得本公开将更详尽，并且将充分向本领域技术人员传达发明范围。阐述了许多具体细节，比如具体部件、装置及方法的示例，以提供对本公开的实施例的透彻理解。对本领域技术人员而言将显而易见的是，并不需要采用具体细节，示例性实施例可以以许多不同的形式体现并且任何一种不应被解释为限制本公开的范围。在一些示例性实施例中，不再对公知的处理、公知的装置结构以及公知的技术进行详细描述。
本文中所使用的术语仅是为了描述特定示例性实施例的目的，而并不旨在进行限制。如本文所使用的，单数形式“一”、“一个”以及“该”可以旨在也包括复数形式，除非上下文以其他方式明确指出。术语“包括(comprises)”、“包括(comprising)”、“包含”以及“具有”是包含性的并且因此指明了所述特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件和/或部件的存在，而并不排除另外的一个或多个其他特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件、部件和/或其组合的存在。本文所述的方法步骤、处理以及操作不应被解释为必须需要它们按照所讨论或示出的特定顺序执行，除非被具体指明执行顺序。还应当理解的是，可以采用另外的或替代的步骤。
参考图1，按照示范性方式在混合动力或电动车辆中使用的电池组10被显示为包括多个已组装部件12a-n。控制器14设置有电池控制软件，用于控制电池部件12a-n的充电和放电。控制器14设置有自动诊断/保养模式，使得电池部件12a-n能够在单个组10中使用时具有不同的化学性质。电池组可以连接到电池充电器16。
根据本公开的一方面，自动诊断/保养模式的方法包括在电池组10已经放电了预定量的时间之后对其充电并在充电操作期间监测每个电池部分12a-12n的电压响应。替代地，方法可以包括将电池组10放电预定量的时间并在放电操作期间监测每个电池部分12a-12n的电压响应。电压响应可以包括对开路电压/充电或放电状态关系的检测。控制器14随后构建参考电压，使得监测的电压响应数据可以与来自其他已知电池部分化学性质的预定电压响应特性的校准数据库18进行比较。控制器14随后基于相关联的电压响应特性针对每个电池部分采用控制算法。
参考图2，通过在步骤S1处将电池控制模块激活为“ON”来开始示范性自动诊断保养模式。在步骤S2处，启用化学性质表征算法。在步骤S3处，针对均衡电压将电池放电到足够低的水平。在步骤S4处，确定电池电压是否均衡。在步骤S5处，针对组、部件或电芯12a-n记录电池电压。
在步骤S6处，开始对电池组的充电，其间在步骤S7处周期性地记录每个电池部件12a-n处的电池电压，并且也在步骤S8处也记录充入电池的电流的累积和(以安培-小时为单位)，直到在步骤S9处确定完成了充电为止。图3是在充电操作期间示范性测量电池电压(V)随时间变化的曲线图，而图4是在放电操作期间示范性电池充电状态(充电容量的百分比)随时间变化的曲线图。在步骤S10处，确定电池电压是否均衡。在步骤S11处，针对电池组、部件或电芯12a-n记录电压。尽管步骤S3至S11描述了充电过程，还可以以相同的效果执行电池放电，同时针对电池组、部件或电芯记录电压。随后在步骤S12处，通过匹配电池化学性质的数据库构建电势电压分布，而在步骤S13处针对构建的分布对捕捉的电压分布进行评分。电池电压以及充电或放电状态响应的斜率和其他动态特性可以用于和已知电池组、部件或电芯的其他特性进行匹配。在步骤S14处，针对组、部件或电芯12a-n选择最高评分的构建分布。在步骤S15处，针对组、部件或电芯12a-n对控制单元14应用电池参数校准。
迄今为止，现有技术的用于电池组的控制软件支持包含仅细微不同的相同化学性质或多种化学性质的电池组，意味着它们具有几乎相同的开路电压/充电状态关系以及动态电压特性。由于这个原因，因为控制装置与混合部件不匹配，电池的工业用户不得不为早期的生产运行建立并储存电池组/部件的库存。通过实施本公开的方法，用户和制造商可以节省保修和仓库成本以及提供售后升级。在示范性实施例中，不再需要库存部件提高了电动车辆的利润率。
已经对实施例提供了以上描述，用于说明和描述的目的。其并不旨在是穷尽性的或者限制本公开。特定实施例的各个元件或特征通常并不限于该特定实施例，而是，在可应用的情况下，可以互相交换并且可以在选定实施例中使用，即使并未具体示出或描述。特定实施例的各个元件或特征也可以采用许多方式变化。此类变化不应认为脱离了本公开，并且所有此类修改旨在包含在本公开的范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种针对具有多个电池部分的电池调节电池控制软件的方法，所述多个电池部分中的至少一个电池部分具有与所述多个电池部分中的其他电池部分不同的化学性质，所述方法包括：
通过控制器监测所述多个电池部分中的每个电池部分的电压响应；
通过所述控制器将所述每个电池部分的所述电压响应与校准数据库相关联，并通过所述控制器针对所述每个电池部分从所述校准数据库选择控制算法，其中，针对所述每个电池部分，将充电或放电的电压迹线与所述校准数据库中的电势化学性质相关联，并且选择对应于最高评分的电势化学性质的校准值用于所述控制算法；以及
通过所述控制器针对所述每个电池部分根据所选的控制算法在车辆中的操作期间对所述多个电池部分充电或放电。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述电池被连接到充电系统。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中在充电操作期间执行所述关联。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中监测所述电压响应包括在充电操作期间随时间测量所述电池的电压。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中监测所述电压响应包括在充电操作期间随时间测量所述电池的充电状态。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，进一步包括在开始所述充电操作之前将所述电池放电到足够低的充电状态。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，进一步包括在开始所述充电操作之前确定所述电池的电压是否均衡。
8.根据权利要求5所述的方法，进一步包括在开始所述充电操作之前针对每个电池部分记录电压。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述电池被连接到放电系统。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中在放电操作期间执行所述关联。
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