CN108973518A - A kind of shock-absorbing wheel based on phonon crystal - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a shock-absorbing wheel based on phonon crystals, which includes tires, rims, spokes, hubs, axle holes, local resonators, Bragg scattering phonon crystal rings, and end caps. The local resonators The two ends of the same radial size portion on the spoke are distributed symmetrically, the local resonators are arranged at equal intervals in the radial direction of the spoke, and the spokes and the local resonators periodically arranged thereon, A local resonance type phonon crystal structure is formed, and the Bragg scattering type phonon crystal ring is a layered periodic structure formed by alternating and closely fitting matrix and scatterers with large density differences. The invention utilizes the phononic crystal to suppress the propagation of the elastic wave whose frequency falls within its bandgap frequency range to reduce the vibration. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, high strength, good rigidity, convenient manufacture and installation, and good damping effect.

Description

A shock-absorbing wheel based on phononic crystals

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of wheels, in particular to a shock-absorbing wheel based on phononic crystals.

Background technique

Wheels are an important part of all vehicles, rotating components that carry loads between tires and axles. Generally, the wheel is a rigid structure as a whole. Although most of the wheels are equipped with tires, the damping effect of the tires is very limited. At present, the shock absorption of vehicles is not mainly achieved by wheels, but by installing shock absorbers and other structures. This makes the structure of the frame more complicated and the maintenance cost increases. If the wheel itself has good shock absorption performance, the overall shock absorption performance of the vehicle will be greatly improved.

In the prior art, the wheel itself has a damping function mainly through the elastic deformation of the wheel. For example, the Chinese Invention Patent Application Publication No. CN106671694A discloses a "self-damping wheel", which arranges an elastic steel plate between the outer rim and the hub, and utilizes the elastic deformation of the elastic steel plate to make the wheel itself have a shock-absorbing function. For another example, the Chinese utility model patent whose authorized notification number is CN206841074U discloses "a shock-absorbing adjustable wheel hub". The elastic deformation of the shock structure makes the wheel itself have the function of shock absorption. Although the above-mentioned prior art can make the wheel itself have a damping function, this function needs to be realized through the elastic deformation of the wheel. If the wheel is under too much force, the wheel will undergo excessive elastic deformation or even plastic deformation. Deformation, if the stress on several wheels is uneven, the deformation of each wheel will be very different, and even cause the vehicle to overturn in severe cases, which seriously affect the driving safety of the vehicle.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a shock-absorbing wheel based on phononic crystals, which has a simple structure, high rigidity and strength, convenient manufacture and installation, and good shock-absorbing effect.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A shock-absorbing wheel based on phononic crystals, including tires, rims, spokes, hubs, axle holes, local resonators, Bragg scattering phonon crystal rings, and end caps. The local resonators are composed of elastomers and The mass block is closely attached, the elastic body and the mass block have the same shape, and the local resonator is closely attached to the symmetrical position on the two end faces of the same radial dimension of the spoke. The resonators are arranged at equal intervals in the radial direction of the spokes, and the number of local resonators arranged along each radial direction is greater than or equal to three. The spokes and the local resonators periodically arranged on them form a local Resonant phononic crystal structure, the Bragg scattering phononic crystal ring, which is a layered periodic structure formed by alternately closely fitting the matrix and the scatterer with a large density difference, the number of periods is greater than or equal to three, the matrix The scatterer is in the same ring shape, the Bragg scattering phononic crystal ring is installed in the hole in the center of the hub, and the Bragg scattering phononic crystal ring has two ends fixed on The end cap on the hub.

Preferably, the elastic body and the mass block are both cylindrical, and may also be annular.

Preferably, the mass block can be made of copper, or can be replaced by other metal materials with similar density and elastic modulus.

Preferably, the elastic body can be made of rubber, or can be replaced by other materials with similar elasticity.

Preferably, superglue can be used to achieve tight fit between the mass block and the elastic body, and between the elastic body and the spoke, and the spoke, the elastic body and the spoke can also be connected by bolts. A tight fit is achieved between the mass blocks.

Preferably, the matrix and the scatterer are thin circular rings with the same thickness.

Preferably, the base body can be made of steel, or can be replaced by other metal materials with similar density and elastic modulus.

Preferably, the scatterer can be made of bakelite, or can be replaced by other materials with similar density and elastic modulus.

Preferably, superglue can be used to achieve a tight fit between the substrate and the scatterer.

Based on the bandgap principle of the phononic crystal and combined with the adjustable bandgap characteristic of the phononic crystal, the invention realizes the suppression of elastic wave propagation in the target frequency band. The vehicle is excited by the ground during driving. When the frequency of the elastic wave caused by the excitation is within the range of the band gap of the phononic crystal, the propagation of the elastic wave is suppressed, thereby achieving the effect of shock absorption.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The invention introduces the local resonance type phonon crystal structure and the Bragg scattering type phonon crystal structure into the wheel, the local resonance type phonon crystal structure realizes the suppression of medium and low frequency elastic wave propagation, and the Bragg scattering type phonon crystal structure The suppression of medium-high frequency elastic wave propagation is realized, so the present invention can simultaneously realize the suppression of high-frequency elastic wave, medium-frequency elastic wave and low-frequency elastic wave propagation, and the shock absorption effect is good.

Further, according to the characteristics of the adjustable bandgap position and bandgap width of the phononic crystal, the present invention realizes the change of the bandgap position and bandgap width by adjusting the geometric parameters of the phononic crystal, the material parameters and the period number of the phononic crystal , to meet the shock absorption requirements of frequency band intervals under different road conditions.

Furthermore, the present invention has simple structure, high strength, good rigidity, convenient installation, easy adjustment and maintenance.

Further, the phononic crystal structure of the present invention is arranged at the symmetrical position of the wheel, and when the wheel is working, no additional dynamic load will be caused.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the first embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the first embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the second embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

1 and 2 show a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, a shock-absorbing wheel based on phononic crystals includes tire 1, rim 2, spoke 3, hub 4, axle hole 5, local resonator 6, Bragg scattering phononic crystal circle Ring 9, end cap 12, screw 13. The local resonator 6 is formed by tightly bonding the elastic body 7 and the mass block 8, the elastic body 7 and the mass block 8 are both cylindrical, and one end surface of the elastic body 7 is tightly bonded by superglue On the spoke 3, the other end surface is also closely attached to the end surface of the mass block 8 through superglue, the center line of the mass block 8 and the center line of the elastic body 7 coincide when they are attached, and the elastic body 7 It can be made of rubber, or it can be replaced by other materials with similar elasticity. The mass block 8 can be made of copper, or it can be replaced by other metal materials with similar density and elastic modulus. The local resonator 6 is closely attached to At symmetrical positions on the two end surfaces of the same radial dimension of the spoke 3, the local resonators 6 are arranged at equal intervals in the radial direction of the spoke 3, and the local resonators 6 are arranged three times along each radial direction. A good damping effect can be achieved at one time. In order to achieve a better damping effect, the number of local resonators 6 can be appropriately increased within the allowable range of the size of the spoke 3, and the spoke 3 and the periodic arrangement on it The local resonator 6 above forms a local resonance type phononic crystal structure, and the Bragg scattering type phononic crystal ring 9 is formed by alternately closely fitting the matrix 10 and the scatterer 11 with a large difference in density layered periodic structure, when the number of periods is three, a good damping effect can be achieved, in order to achieve a better damping effect, the number of periods can be appropriately increased, the base 10 and the scatterer 11 are of the same thickness thin ring, the base 10 can be made of steel, or can be replaced by other metal materials with similar density and elastic modulus; Material replacement, superglue can be used to achieve a tight fit between the base body 10 and the scatterer 11, and the Bragg scattering phononic crystal ring 9 is installed in the hole in the center of the hub 4. To prevent the movement of the Bragg scattering phononic crystal ring 9 in the axial direction, the end caps 12 are installed on both ends thereof, and the end caps 12 are fixed on the hub 4 by the screws 13. The number of local resonators 6 and the change of the period number of the Bragg scattering type phononic crystal ring 9, and the elastic body 7, the mass block 8, the matrix 10 and the scatterer 11 The adjustment of material parameters realizes the change of bandgap position and bandgap width to meet the shock absorption requirements of different road condition frequency bands.

3 and 4 show a second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the difference from the first embodiment is that the elastic body 7 and the mass block 8 are both ring-shaped, and the spoke 3 and the elastic The body 7 and the mass block 8 are connected by bolts 14 to achieve the effect of close fit.

Figures 1 and 2 show a first embodiment of the invention, which is mainly applicable to non-motorized vehicles. Figures 3 and 4 show a second embodiment of the invention, which is mainly applicable to motor vehicles.

The above embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be regarded as protection of the present invention. scope.

Claims (8)

1. A shock-absorbing wheel based on phononic crystals, comprising tire (1), rim (2), spoke (3), wheel hub (4), axle hole (5), characterized in that: also includes local resonator (6), the Bragg scattering type phononic crystal ring (9) and the end cap (12), the local resonator (6) is formed by elastic body (7) and mass block (8) closely fitting together, so The elastic body (7) and the mass block (8) have the same shape, and the local resonator (6) is closely attached to the symmetrical position of the two end faces of the same radial dimension of the spoke (3), so The local resonators (6) are arranged at equal intervals in the radial direction of the spokes (3), and the number of the local resonators (6) along each radial direction is greater than or equal to three, and the spokes (3) and the periodic The local resonance oscillator (6) arranged thereon forms a local resonance type phonon crystal structure; the Bragg scattering type phonon crystal ring (9) is composed of a matrix (10) with a large density difference and the scatterer (11) are alternately closely attached to form a layered periodic structure, the number of periods is greater than or equal to three, the matrix (10) and the scatterer (11) are both ring-shaped, and the Bragg scattering acoustic The daughter crystal ring (9), which is installed in the hole in the center of the hub (4), the Bragg scattering type phononic crystal ring (9), has two ends fixed on the hub (4). The end cap (12). 2. A shock-absorbing wheel based on phononic crystals according to claim 1, characterized in that: the elastic body (7) is made of rubber. 3. A shock-absorbing wheel based on phononic crystals according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mass (8) is made of copper. 4. A shock-absorbing wheel based on phononic crystals according to claim 1, characterized in that: between the mass block (8) and the elastic body (7), and the elastic body (7) All use superglue to realize tight fit between described wheel spokes (3). 5. The shock-absorbing wheel based on phononic crystals according to claim 1, characterized in that: the spokes (3), the elastic body (7) and the mass are connected by bolts (14) (8) to achieve a close fit. 6. A shock-absorbing wheel based on phononic crystals according to claim 1, characterized in that: the base (10) is made of steel. 7. A shock-absorbing wheel based on phononic crystals according to claim 1, characterized in that: the scatterer (11) is made of Bakelite. 8. The shock-absorbing wheel based on phononic crystals according to claim 1, characterized in that: superglue is used between the base (10) and the scattering body (11) to achieve close fit.