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CN108968227B - 鞋类及其制造 - Google Patents

鞋类及其制造 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108968227B
CN108968227B CN201810542035.6A CN201810542035A CN108968227B CN 108968227 B CN108968227 B CN 108968227B CN 201810542035 A CN201810542035 A CN 201810542035A CN 108968227 B CN108968227 B CN 108968227B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
wearer
foot
plate
sole plate
underlie
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Active
Application number
CN201810542035.6A
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English (en)
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CN108968227A (zh
Inventor
特伦斯·米切尔
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Vionic Group LLC
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Vionic Group LLC
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于高跟鞋的鞋垫板，所述鞋垫板包括：脚跟支撑区域，其具有适于位于穿着者脚跟下方的凹形脚跟杯；中间足弓支撑区域，其适于位于穿着者脚的足弓下方并延伸至脚趾但短于穿着者的脚的球状部位，以及前脚区域，其适于位于脚的球状部位和穿着者前脚的下方。中间足弓支撑区域具有凸起轮廓，用于支撑穿着者的脚底的一部分并且位于穿着者足弓的下方，前脚支撑区域包括其中具有弹性可变形材料的空心。

Description

鞋类及其制造
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2017年6月1日提交的美国临时申请62/513,867的优先权，其内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明整体涉及鞋类产品。本发明对于高跟鞋，即具有至少1英寸，优选2-3英寸鞋跟的鞋具有特别的实用性，并且将对于这种实用性进行描述，尽管鞋类产品并非如此。
背景技术
传统的高跟鞋在站立和行走时通常会感到不舒服和痛苦。穿着者的脚在高跟鞋上的位置对穿着者的前脚施加高负荷。高跟鞋也会诱发不自然的行走方式，可能导致各种脚部损伤。
穿高跟鞋导致的损伤可能包括Morton's综合征，第一跖骨缩短导致第二跖骨跖骨头受力过大；跖骨痛，其中跖骨由于前脚在撞击地面时重量分布不均匀而刺激和发炎；拇指外翻，其中大拇指指向第二脚趾，导致第一跖骨的跖骨指骨关节突出；应力性骨折，其中骨骼中的小裂缝或骨头内的严重瘀伤，通常由过度使用和重复性活动引起；籽骨炎，其中籽骨破裂或籽骨周围的肌腱疼痛或发炎，以及神经冲击造成的神经瘤。
发明内容
本发明提供鞋类构造的改进，其通过提供一种具有生物力学轮廓和具有不同密度的支撑区域的组合的脚部支撑表面的高跟鞋，从而克服了现有技术的上述和其他缺点。在一个实施方式中，本发明提供了一种刚性鞋垫板构造，其包括脚跟支撑区域，具有适于位于穿着者脚跟之下的凹形脚跟杯以及适于位于穿着者足弓最高点下方和延伸至脚趾但短于穿着者的脚的球状部位的穹顶形或波状的中间足弓支撑件，即足弓和脚趾之间的足底的衬垫部分，在跖骨头下方。此外，鞋垫板具有适于位于前脚跖骨的邻近区域下方的支撑区域，该支撑区域由与鞋垫板的其余部分相比硬度降低的弹性可变形材料制成。该板的前脚区域允许较软的材料插入物以协助前脚的舒适性和灵活性。
在本发明的另一个实施方式中，用于高跟鞋的鞋垫板包括相对刚性的注塑件，并且包括适于位于穿着者的脚跟之下的凹形脚跟杯区域，其中脚跟杯区域用软材料如聚合物泡沫或凝胶填充或缓冲；中间足弓支撑件包括由坚固但弹性可变形的材料制成的穹顶形或波形的衬垫，其适于位于穿着者脚的足弓的顶部下方和延伸至脚趾但短于穿着者的脚的球状部位。另外，鞋垫板具有适于在穿着者脚的球状部位下方的空心或开口或切口，其中由弹性可变形材料(如聚合物泡沫或凝胶材料)制成的跖骨垫插入并紧固到鞋垫板的切口中，以提供更多的舒适性，促进脚的弯曲，并且还在脚和前脚的球状部位上提供填充或缓冲，其中这些元件组合以提供增加的舒适度并改善或增强穿着者的步态。
在本发明的另一个实施方式中，用于高跟鞋的鞋垫板包括刚性模制鞋垫板，其具有适于位于穿着者脚跟下方的凹形脚跟杯，其中脚跟杯用具有肖氏C级28-32范围内的硬度的弹性可变形材料填充或缓冲，并且中间足弓支撑件包括由具有肖氏C级28-32范围内的硬度的坚硬但弹性可变形的材料形成的穹顶形或波形元件，适用于位于穿着者的足弓顶部下方和延伸至脚趾但短于穿着者的脚的球状部位。另外，鞋垫板具有适于在前脚之下的空心或开口或切口以获得额外的灵活性，其具有在肖氏C级25-30范围内的硬度的坚硬但弹性可变形的材料。在足部和跖骨近侧，其中由具有肖氏C级28-32范围内的硬度的弹性可变形材料制成的跖骨垫通过缝合、粘合，胶合或摩擦配合被插入并紧固到鞋垫板上以为前脚的横弓提供支撑，并且还提供脚穿着者的球状部位的填充或缓冲，由此增强穿着者的步态。鞋垫板的轮廓和衬垫的组合提供增加脚底表面区域与鞋垫板的接触并使脚后倾，从而减小前脚压力。
在本发明的一个实施方式中，其中中间足弓支撑件包括呈具有倒角边缘的穹顶形式的坚固但弹性可变形的材料。
在本发明的另一个实施方式中，中间足弓支撑件被粘合或胶合到鞋垫板的足支撑表面或与鞋垫板重叠的内衬。
在本发明的另一个实施方式中，跖骨垫通过粘合、胶合或摩擦配合固定到鞋垫板上。
在本发明的又一个实施方式中，鞋垫板的脚支撑表面至少部分地由弹性可变形的材料覆盖。
在本发明的又一个实施方式中，鞋垫板至少部分地由天然皮革或合成材料形成的内衬覆盖。
在本发明的又一个实施方式中，鞋垫板至少部分地用天然皮革或合成材料覆盖，所述天然皮革或合成材料从鞋跟延伸至鞋垫板的中间足弓支撑区域，或者从脚跟延伸但短于穿着者脚的球状部位。
在本发明的又一个实施方式中，鞋垫板由注塑聚合物材料形成，优选聚丙烯，并且跖骨垫由低密度乙基乙酸乙烯酯形成。
本发明还提供了一种具有上述鞋垫板的鞋。
附图说明
从以下结合附图的详细描述中可以看出本发明的其他特征和优点，其中：
图1是根据本发明制造的鞋类产品的分解透视图；
图2是图1的鞋垫的部分横截面的俯视图；和
图3是与图1类似的根据本发明制造的另一种鞋类产品的视图。
参考附图中的图1和图2，示出了根据本发明制造的高跟鞋。为了便于公开，已经去除了鞋侧壁，内包头(toe box)和后壁等，并且仅示出了鞋外底和鞋跟，鞋垫板以及鞋垫或鞋垫内衬。图示的鞋类产品10为女性高跟鞋的形式，并且包括具有80mm鞋跟14的外底12。鞋垫板16覆盖外底12。鞋垫板16优选地由相对刚性的模制材料形成，例如聚丙烯，并且可选地可以包括钢柄(未示出)。
鞋垫板16具有大致生物力学轮廓以紧密接近人脚的底部或鞋底的轮廓，并且包括具有凹形脚跟杯20的脚跟支撑区域18，该凹形脚跟杯20被构造成位于穿着者的脚跟下方并支撑穿着者的脚跟。鞋垫板16还包括位于前脚区域中的空心或切口区域22，其构造成位于穿着者脚的跖骨头部之下。由弹性可变形的低密度材料(例如低密度乙基乙酸乙烯酯(EVA))形成的塞子或插入物24设置在切口22中。塞子或插入物24通过缝合、粘合或胶粘到鞋垫板16中而紧固到切口22中或者在外底12和泡沫衬垫28之间的鞋垫板16中的切口中被捕获并摩擦配合，如下所述，并且使脚容易弯曲以及填充或缓冲穿着者的脚的球状部位。
具体参照图2，中间支撑足弓垫30直接或间接地附着到鞋垫板16上，即在鞋垫内衬或鞋垫32上，并被配置为位于穿着者脚的足弓下方，延伸到脚趾但短于穿着者的跖骨头。中间足弓垫30包括具有倒角边缘的轮廓垫，该边缘在其最厚点处具有约3mm的厚度。中间足弓垫30例如通过胶合附接至鞋垫板16或鞋垫内衬32，并且适于位于穿着者的足弓顶部下方和延伸至脚趾但短于穿着者的脚的球状部位。中间足弓垫30优选地是坚硬的但弹性可变形的材料，其具有肖氏C级28-32范围内的硬度并且在2mm和4mm之间的厚度。或者，中间足弓垫30可以与鞋垫板16一体地形成。然而，作为分离元件形成中间足弓垫30是优选的，因为可以控制硬度。跖骨垫17固定到靠近跖骨头的鞋垫板16。跖骨垫17包括具有倒角边缘的轮廓垫，其最厚点处厚度为约3mm且肖氏C级值为28-32。跖骨垫17例如通过胶合附接至鞋垫板16并适于位于第二至第四跖骨之间。
直接覆盖鞋垫板16的是减震泡沫衬垫28。泡沫衬垫28通常包括具有28-32°硬度(以肖氏C级测量)的材料硬度的弹性可变形的泡沫。覆盖泡沫衬垫28的是鞋垫内衬或鞋垫32，其可以由皮革、人造皮革、即塑料或织物形成。鞋垫内衬或鞋垫32可以包括全长鞋垫，如图1所示的四分之三鞋垫，或如图3所示的半鞋垫32A。
包括脚跟杯20、中间足弓垫30和由在切口22中弹性可变形的塞子24提供的动态支撑的鞋的脚支撑表面的生物力学形状改善了穿着者通过在鞋垫上更均匀地分散负载将重量从脚跟转移到脚趾到地面，从而提高舒适度并增强穿着者在步行时的步态。而且，鞋垫板的轮廓和衬垫相对较硬而又灵活，为穿着者提供增加的脚部表面区域接触。被一个或多个泡沫层28覆盖的模制鞋垫板16以及皮革或织物层32组装成成品鞋。
图3与图1类似，并且示出了具有50mm的鞋跟14A的高跟鞋10A。图3的鞋在概念和结构上与图1所示的鞋相似，不同的是从脚跟杯20A到中间足弓30A的垫的倾斜度较低。
可以理解的是，本发明的鞋垫板构造提供了一种足部支撑结构，该足部支撑结构在生物力学上和动态上与穿着者的脚部匹配，更均匀地分布压力，以改善穿着者的步态。此外，凹形足跟杯与中间足弓支撑垫的组合帮助将重量从穿着者的脚趾移到脚跟上，并且穿着者脚的球状部位下的前脚垫缓冲脚的球状部位，特别是在脚趾离地时。
所公开的发明并不意味着受到各种材料和层的数量或顺序的限制，因为可以使用一个或多个衬垫层来实现期望的效果，并且所描述的制造过程并不意味着以任何方式限制本发明，因为有许多制造和组装本发明的公开组件的方式。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于高跟鞋的鞋垫板，所述鞋垫板包括：脚跟支撑区域，其具有适于位于穿着者脚跟下方的凹形脚跟杯；中间足弓支撑区域，其适于位于穿着者脚的足弓下方并延伸到脚趾但短于穿着者脚的球状部位，以及前脚区域，其适于位于脚的球状部位和穿着者前脚的下方，其中中间足弓支撑区域具有凸起波形元件，所述凸起波形元件由具有肖氏C级28-32范围内的硬度的坚固但弹性可变形的材料制成，所述中间足弓支撑区域适于位于穿着者脚的第二至第四跖骨之间的穿着者足弓的最高点下方并延伸至脚趾，但短于穿着者的脚的球状部位；前脚支撑区域包括切口区域，所述切口区域填充有硬度为肖氏C级28-32之间的硬度的弹性可变形材料的塞子，所述切口区域适于位于穿着者脚的跖骨头部之下。
2.根据权利要求1所述的鞋垫板，其中所述凹形脚跟杯进一步包括垫或缓冲，所述垫或缓冲由弹性可变形的材料形成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的鞋垫板，其中，所述凹形脚跟杯用弹性可变形的材料填充或缓冲，所述弹性可变形的材料具有选自肖氏C级28-32范围内的硬度。
4.根据权利要求1所述的鞋垫板，其中，所述凸起波形元件直接粘合或胶合至所述鞋垫板的脚支撑表面。
5.根据权利要求1所述的鞋垫板，其中所述凸起波形元件通过缝合、粘合、胶合或摩擦配合而被紧固到所述鞋垫板上。
6.根据权利要求1所述的鞋垫板，其中，所述鞋垫板的脚支撑表面至少部分地被弹性可变形的泡沫衬垫覆盖。
7.根据权利要求6所述的鞋垫板，其中所述弹性可变形的泡沫衬垫至少部分地被天然皮革或合成材料衬垫覆盖。
8.根据权利要求7所述的鞋垫板，其中所述天然皮革或合成材料衬垫从所述脚跟延伸至所述鞋垫板的中间足弓支撑区域。
9.根据权利要求7所述的鞋垫板，其中所述天然皮革或合成材料衬垫从所述脚趾延伸但短于穿着者脚的球状部位。
10.根据权利要求7所述的鞋垫板，其中所述中间足弓支撑区域波形元件被安装到所述鞋垫板并由所述天然皮革或合成材料衬垫覆盖。
11.根据权利要求1所述的鞋垫板，其中，所述鞋垫板由注塑聚合物材料形成。
12.根据权利要求11所述的鞋垫板，其中所述注塑聚合物材料包含聚丙烯。
13.根据权利要求1所述的鞋垫板，其中所述凸起波形元件由低密度乙基乙酸乙烯酯形成。
14.一种鞋，其包括如权利要求1所述的鞋垫板。
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