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CN108964827B - A Short-Range Wireless Network Using CDMA Technology Based on Frequency Shift Keying - Google Patents

A Short-Range Wireless Network Using CDMA Technology Based on Frequency Shift Keying Download PDF

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CN108964827B
CN108964827B CN201810942579.1A CN201810942579A CN108964827B CN 108964827 B CN108964827 B CN 108964827B CN 201810942579 A CN201810942579 A CN 201810942579A CN 108964827 B CN108964827 B CN 108964827B
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黄金城
张雅恒
曹瑞
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Dongtai Chengdong Science And Technology Pioneer Park Management Co ltd
Dongtai Tepusong Machinery Equipment Co ltd
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Yancheng Institute of Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J11/00—Orthogonal multiplex systems, e.g. using WALSH codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
    • H04J13/0007—Code type
    • H04J13/0055—ZCZ [zero correlation zone]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/18—Phase-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using phase-shift keying
    • H04L27/22—Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits
    • H04L27/227—Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits using coherent demodulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/80—Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J11/00—Orthogonal multiplex systems, e.g. using WALSH codes
    • H04J2011/0003—Combination with other multiplexing techniques
    • H04J2011/0006—Combination with other multiplexing techniques with CDM/CDMA

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Abstract

一种基于频移键控的采用CDMA技术的近距离无线网络，在基于CDMA的无线网络中，发送端扩频后，经无线信道传输至接收端，进行解调及检波，以零相关区ZCZ序列作扩频地址码，实现抗多址干扰性能优越的准同步CDMA系统，准同步的延迟控制在1个比特位以内，采用2进制的频移键控为调制解调方式；零相关序列在零延时附近的零相关窗口之内具有理想的相关特性，这样的扩频序列能够将QS‑CDMA系统的多址干扰降至最低，甚至完全消除。本发明通信网络具有很强的鲁棒性和抗衰落能力，系统实现简单，成本比3G移动网络的CDMA技术低廉很多，利于实现。

Figure 201810942579

A short-range wireless network based on frequency shift keying using CDMA technology, in a wireless network based on CDMA, after the transmitting end spreads the spectrum, it is transmitted to the receiving end through the wireless channel, demodulation and detection are carried out, and the zero correlation zone ZCZ The sequence is used as a spread spectrum address code to realize a quasi-synchronous CDMA system with excellent anti-multiple access interference performance. The quasi-synchronous delay is controlled within 1 bit, and the binary frequency shift keying is used as the modulation and demodulation method; zero correlation sequence With ideal correlation characteristics within the zero correlation window around zero delay, such a spreading sequence can minimize or even completely eliminate multiple access interference in QS‑CDMA systems. The communication network of the invention has strong robustness and anti-fading ability, the system is simple to realize, and the cost is much lower than that of the CDMA technology of the 3G mobile network, which is convenient for realization.

Figure 201810942579

Description

Short-distance wireless network based on frequency shift keying and adopting CDMA technology
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, designs a method for realizing a direct short-distance wireless network, and provides a short-distance wireless network based on frequency shift keying and adopting a CDMA (code division multiple access) technology.
Technical Field
In recent years, with the rapid increase of data service demand of mobile terminals and the increasing bandwidth of signals, future wireless networks will be able to provide more Ubiquitous (Ubiquitous) mobile access. At present, in the field of wireless networks, the existing short-range wireless communication technologies Wi-FI, Zigbee, Bluetooth, UWB and the like play important roles in various applications. The development of the demand for high-speed data transmission between emergency relief communication networks and mobile robots in large cells or large commercial facilities requires that the mobile terminals of the wireless network be highly intelligent, and the network not only has stable uninterrupted signal transmission capability in any complex environment, but also has more prominent performances in the aspects of multiple access, real-time access, spectrum efficiency, transmission rate, reliability and the like.
Therefore, the increase of high-speed and large-capacity data services leads to higher and higher transmission rate, wider and wider bandwidth occupied by signals, and the influence of frequency selective fading caused by multipath effect on broadband signals is more and more obvious, thereby generating serious intersymbol interference. In addition, the multipath effect causes time-selective fading of a transmission signal under the influence of conditions such as frequency deviation of a crystal oscillator and doppler shift in a terminal fast-moving environment.
The 3G mobile network adopting the code division multiple access CDMA has good anti-interference and anti-fading performance. If the CDMA technology can be applied to short-distance communication, the above-mentioned communication requirements can be well met, so that the modification of the 3G technology for wireless networks becomes one of the current research hotspots, but the difficulty lies in that the cost for directly applying the 3G technology to the field of wireless networks is too high.
The CDMA network adopting the zero correlation (ZcZ) sequence has simple realization and adopts a quasi-synchronous transmission control mode, so that the network cost is greatly reduced. The invention will discuss the realization method of applying the short-distance wireless communication network.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-cost short-distance wireless network which is based on frequency shift keying, adopts a CDMA technology and adopts an orthogonal detection technology, has more outstanding performances in the aspects of multiple access, real-time access, spectrum efficiency, transmission rate, reliability and the like, and can effectively resist the influence caused by multi-channel fading.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: in the short-distance wireless network based on the frequency shift keying and adopting the CDMA technology, a signal at a sending end is transmitted to a receiving end through a wireless channel after being modulated and spread by spectrum, and is demodulated and detected; searching a group of sequences with ideal correlation characteristics near zero time delay as a spread spectrum address code, and realizing a quasi-synchronous CDMA system with excellent multi-address interference resistance, namely a zero correlation zone ZCZ sequence, wherein the zero correlation zone sequence is used as a main spread spectrum sequence of the quasi-synchronous CDMA communication system, the delay of quasi-synchronization is controlled within 1bit, and 2-system frequency shift keying is adopted as a modulation and demodulation mode; the zero correlation sequence has ideal correlation characteristics within a zero correlation window around zero delay, and such a spreading sequence can minimize or even completely eliminate multiple access interference of the QS-CDMA system.
Preferably, the detection is performed by an IQ detection which is a quadrature coherent demodulation technique.
Further, the zero correlation zone sequence is specifically as follows:
let A be a set of binary sequences of length n:
A＝{a1，a2，...，aM}
Figure BDA0001769437310000021
sequence akAnd amThe correlation function over time tau is,
Figure BDA0001769437310000022
if the self/cross correlation function satisfies the following condition:
Figure BDA0001769437310000023
a can be defined as a zero correlation sequence and can be represented as a (N, M, Z), the length M of the zero correlation sequence and the number k of users depend on the number of users of the short-distance wireless network, and the value of k and M is larger when the number of users of the network is larger.
Further, the receiving end detection specifically includes:
the receiver of the user k performs signal separation and demodulation processing of I phase and Q phase on the received signal r (t) as shown in formulas (4) and (5):
Figure BDA0001769437310000024
Figure BDA0001769437310000025
here phik＝2πfcτk+θkConsidering user j as a sample signal, the signal-to-noise ratios of the corresponding phases I and Q after the receiver receives the signal and despreads the signal by the sequence corresponding to user j are shown as (6) and (7),
Figure BDA0001769437310000031
Figure BDA0001769437310000032
in the above formula, Q is the correlation value after despreading by the original spread spectrum, where
Figure BDA0001769437310000033
I.e., the data transmitted by user j at time 1, which is either 1 or 0, a pilot signal 0 is inserted before this signal and transmitted through the comparison, the I and Q phases of the pilot signal are represented as:
Figure BDA0001769437310000034
Figure BDA0001769437310000035
equations (8) and (9) are introduced into (6) and (7), respectively, and the I-phase and Q-phase signals of user j at time 1 can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0001769437310000036
Figure BDA0001769437310000037
from this, equation (12) can be obtained, and the transmitted signal is correctly demodulated by the digital quadrature coherent detection technique:
Figure BDA0001769437310000038
compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. compared with the existing short-distance wireless communication mode, the method has more outstanding performances in the aspects of multiple access, real-time access, spectrum efficiency, transmission rate, reliability and the like. The communication network is very robust.
2. The CDMA communication network adopting the ZCZ does not need strict time synchronization due to the adoption of a quasi-synchronization control function, has good autocorrelation within 1bit of a delay control area, and has the cross correlation of 0. The system is simple to implement, has lower cost than the CDMA technology of the 3G mobile network, and can be particularly applied and implemented.
3. The frequency division multiplexing technology and the IQ detection technology are adopted, so that the wireless network has strong anti-fading capability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system of a wireless communication network according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of the principle of quadrature coherent demodulation.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of a communication environment.
Fig. 4 is a communication timing diagram.
Fig. 5 is a diagram showing a format conversion of each stage of a 2FSK sequence having a spreading length of 10 and a ZCZ sequence having a length of 8 in the embodiment.
Fig. 6 shows the error characteristics of the system in a multipath fading channel.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a short-distance wireless network based on frequency shift keying and adopting CDMA technology, which is concretely realized as follows:
in quasi-synchronous CDMA communication system, the system base station and each mobile user do not need strict synchronization, thus realizing simple. For the characteristics of the system, the requirement of the adopted spreading address code group is to have ideal correlation characteristics within the synchronization error range. Therefore, a quasi-synchronous CDMA system with excellent multi-address interference resistance can be realized by only searching a group of sequences with ideal correlation characteristics near zero delay as spreading address codes, and Zero Correlation Zone (ZCZ) sequences are adapted to the requirement.
The zero correlation zone sequence means that a region with a specific length exists near zero delay, and the sequence has ideal autocorrelation characteristics and ideal cross-correlation characteristics in the region. The zero correlation sequence plays an important role as a main spreading sequence of a quasi-synchronous CDMA communication system and directly influences the quality of the system performance. In the invention, the delay of quasi-synchronization is controlled within 1bit, and 2-system frequency shift keying is adopted as a modulation and demodulation mode.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a short-range wireless network system using CDMA technology based on frequency shift keying. The zero correlation sequence has ideal correlation characteristics in a certain region (within a zero correlation window) near the zero delay, and the spread spectrum sequence can minimize or even completely eliminate multiple access interference of the QS-CDMA system.
The quadrature coherent demodulation technique (IQ detection) of the test pattern employed in the present invention is shown in fig. 2. The advantage of the orthogonal coherent detection technology is that the signal can be correctly demodulated when the phase of the signal cannot be correctly recovered by a receiving end, and the hardware cost is saved.
Fig. 3 and 4 are a communication environment and a communication timing diagram, respectively. The range within which a signal from a base station can reach is a network, within which there are several nodes (A, B, C, D, E, F). The base station is provided with a synchronous signal transmitter, the transmitter transmits a synchronous control signal once at a certain time interval, all nodes in the range covered by the base station can receive the synchronous control signal, and each node receives and transmits information under the control of the synchronous signal. Information can be transmitted and received between nodes located at relatively large distances within the signal control range of the base station (e.g., node B and node D).
For the zero correlation zone sequence, the following is specific:
let a be a set of binary sequences of length n,
A＝{a1，a2，...，aM}
Figure BDA0001769437310000051
sequence akAnd amThe correlation function over time tau is,
Figure BDA0001769437310000052
if the self/cross correlation function satisfies the following condition:
Figure BDA0001769437310000053
a can be defined as a zero correlation sequence and can be represented as a (N, M, Z). The length M and the number k of the users of the zero correlation sequence depend on the number of users of the short-distance wireless network, and the values of the corresponding k and the M are larger when the number of the users of the network is larger.
Further, the detection at the receiving end is specifically as follows:
the receiver of the user k performs signal separation demodulation processing of I phase and Q phase on the signal r (t) received by the formula (3) as shown in the formulas (4) and (5):
Figure BDA0001769437310000054
Figure BDA0001769437310000055
it is to be noted that phi herek＝2πfcτk+θkLet us take user j as sample signal for consideration. At this time, the signal-to-signal ratios of the I-phase and the Q-phase after the receiver receives the signal and despreads the signal by the corresponding sequence of the user j are shown as (6) and (7),
Figure BDA0001769437310000056
Figure BDA0001769437310000057
in the above formula, Q is the correlation value after despreading by the original spread spectrum, where
Figure BDA0001769437310000058
I.e. the data transmitted by user j at time 1, which is 1 or 0, is found
Figure BDA0001769437310000059
The value of the transmitted signal can be judged, but because the digital signal which is possibly the carrier phase shift between 0 and pi is inverted when the receiving end recovers the carrier phase, the pilot signal 0 is inserted before the signal, and the pilot signal and the transmission signal can overcome the defect through transmission and comparison. The I and Q phases of the pilot signal may be expressed as:
Figure BDA0001769437310000061
Figure BDA0001769437310000062
equations (8) and (9) are introduced into (6) and (7), respectively, and the I-phase and Q-phase signals of user j at time 1 can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0001769437310000063
Figure BDA0001769437310000064
from this, equation (12) is obtained, and thus the transmission signal can be correctly demodulated by the digital quadrature coherent detection technique:
Figure BDA0001769437310000065
in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 5, values of k and M are determined according to the number of users, and for simplicity, the implementation case takes as an example that a maximum of 4 users in the network communicate, and the ZCZ sequence adopts a ZCZ sequence with a length of 8, that is, k is 4, M is 8, and the spreading sequence length is 10, because a one-bit delay code is added before and after each spreading sequence.
Through computer simulation, the error code characteristics of fig. 6 are obtained, and under a white gaussian noise AWGN channel, when the number of simultaneous communication users is 1 and 4, the error code characteristics of the system are almost the same, that is, the error code characteristics of the user system do not change greatly due to the increase of users, and it is verified that the zero correlation sequence has better cross correlation. Under the condition that the signal-to-noise ratio is 0dB, the error rate of the system is higher, which is caused by the fact that the ratio of the average power of the signal to the average power of additive noise is 1: 1; at a signal-to-noise ratio of 10dB, the bit error rate of the system is greatly reduced, since the ratio of the average power of the signal to the average power of the additive noise is 10: 1, the noise interference is weakened relative to the signal, and the system performance is improved.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explaining the principles of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Further, it is intended that the appended claims cover all such variations and modifications as fall within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims or the equivalents of such scope and boundaries.

Claims (2)

1.一种基于频移键控的采用CDMA技术的近距离无线网络，其特征是在基于CDMA的无线网络中，发送端的信号通过调制扩频后，经无线信道传输至接收端，进行解调及检波；寻找一组在零时延附近具有理想相关特性的序列作扩频地址码，实现抗多址干扰性能优越的准同步CDMA系统，即零相关区ZCZ序列，零相关区序列作为准同步CDMA通信系统的主要扩频序列，准同步的延迟控制在1个比特位以内，采用2进制的频移键控为调制解调方式；零相关序列在零延时附近的零相关窗口之内具有理想的相关特性，这样的扩频序列能够将QS-CDMA系统的多址干扰降至最低，甚至完全消除；1. a short-range wireless network based on frequency shift keying that adopts CDMA technology, it is characterized in that in the wireless network based on CDMA, after the signal of the transmitting end is by modulation and spread spectrum, is transmitted to the receiving end through a wireless channel, and demodulates and detection; find a group of sequences with ideal correlation characteristics near zero delay as a spread spectrum address code to achieve a quasi-synchronous CDMA system with superior anti-multiple access interference performance, that is, the ZCZ sequence in the zero-correlation zone, and the sequence in the zero-correlation zone as the quasi-synchronization The main spread spectrum sequence of the CDMA communication system, the quasi-synchronized delay is controlled within 1 bit, and the binary frequency shift keying is used as the modulation and demodulation method; the zero correlation sequence is within the zero correlation window near the zero delay With ideal correlation characteristics, such a spread spectrum sequence can minimize the multiple access interference of the QS-CDMA system, or even completely eliminate it; 零相关区序列具体如下：The zero correlation region sequence is as follows: 设A是一组长度为N的二进制序列：Let A be a set of binary sequences of length N: A＝{a1,a2,...,ak,...,aM}A={a 1 ,a 2 ,..., ak ,...,a M } ak＝(ao k,a1 k,...,ai k,...,aN-1 k),ai k∈{1,-1} (1)a k =(a o k ,a 1 k ,...,a i k ,...,a N-1 k ),a i k ∈{1,-1} (1) 序列ak和am在τ时间内的相关函数为，The correlation function of sequences a k and a m in τ time is,
Figure FDA0002389765190000011
Figure FDA0002389765190000011
 如果自/互相关函数满足以下条件：If the auto/cross-correlation function satisfies the following conditions:
Figure FDA0002389765190000012
Figure FDA0002389765190000012
 则A就可以定义为零相关序列，并可表示为A(N,M,Z)，零相关序列的长度M和用户数k取决于近距离无线网络的用户数，当网络用户数越多时对应的k和M取值越大；Then A can be defined as a zero-correlation sequence and can be expressed as A(N, M, Z). The length M of the zero-correlation sequence and the number of users k depend on the number of users in the short-range wireless network. When the number of network users increases, the corresponding The larger the value of k and M is; 接收端检波具体为：The receiver detection is as follows: 用户k的接收机把接收到的信号r(t)进行I相和Q相的信号分离解调处理如公式(4)、(5)所示：The receiver of user k performs I-phase and Q-phase signal separation and demodulation processing on the received signal r(t), as shown in formulas (4) and (5):
Figure FDA0002389765190000013
Figure FDA0002389765190000013
Figure FDA0002389765190000021
Figure FDA0002389765190000021
 这里φk＝2πfcτk+θk，以用户j作为样本信号进行考虑，此时接收机接收到信号经用户j做对应的序列进行解扩之后对应的I相和Q相信号分比为(6)和(7)所示，Here φ k =2πf c τ k +θ k , user j is taken as the sample signal for consideration. At this time, the corresponding I-phase and Q-phase signal ratio after the receiver receives the signal is despread by the corresponding sequence of user j as As shown in (6) and (7),
Figure FDA0002389765190000022
Figure FDA0002389765190000022
Figure FDA0002389765190000023
Figure FDA0002389765190000023
 上式中Q为经过原扩频解扩的相关值，这里
Figure FDA0002389765190000024
即为l时刻用户j所发送的数据，它为1或0，在此信号之前插入导频信号0，进行传输通过比较，导频信号的I相和Q相表示为：In the above formula, Q is the correlation value after the original spread spectrum and despread, here
Figure FDA0002389765190000024
That is, the data sent by user j at time l, it is 1 or 0, and the pilot signal 0 is inserted before this signal for transmission. Through comparison, the I-phase and Q-phase of the pilot signal are expressed as:
Figure FDA0002389765190000025
Figure FDA0002389765190000025
Figure FDA0002389765190000026
Figure FDA0002389765190000026
 公式(8)和(9)分别带入到(6)和(7)中，用户j在l时刻的I相和Q相信号分别可表示为：Formulas (8) and (9) are brought into (6) and (7) respectively, and the I-phase and Q-phase signals of user j at time l can be expressed as:
Figure FDA0002389765190000027
Figure FDA0002389765190000027
Figure FDA0002389765190000028
Figure FDA0002389765190000028
 由此可得公式(12)，通过数字化正交相干检波技术来对传送信号进行正确的解调：From this, the formula (12) can be obtained, and the transmitted signal can be correctly demodulated by the digital quadrature coherent detection technique:
Figure FDA0002389765190000029
Figure FDA0002389765190000029
 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于频移键控的采用CDMA技术的近距离无线网络，其特征是检波采用正交相干解调技术，即IQ检波。2 . The short-range wireless network using CDMA technology based on frequency shift keying according to claim 1 , wherein the detection adopts quadrature coherent demodulation technology, namely IQ detection. 3 .
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