CN108948561A - 一种木质素淀粉/pvc微发泡复合型材及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种木质素淀粉/pvc微发泡复合型材及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
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- C08J2327/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材及其制备方法,该复合型材包括如下重量份数的成分:PVC 40‑70份、木质素10‑30份、淀粉10‑30份、无机矿物质10‑40份、抗冲改性剂1‑10份、平衡型发泡剂0.5‑1.5份,钙锌复合稳定剂2‑5份、PE蜡0.2‑1份、硬脂酸0.2‑1份。本发明木质素/PVC微发泡复合型材,将造纸废液中木质素,废物利用,降低成本;同时,采用平衡型发泡剂,制备得到的型材表面光滑,内部泡孔均匀,密度低,而且韧性、强度高,成本低,而且具有较好的力学性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种PVC微发泡复合型材,具体涉及一种木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材及其制备方法。
背景技术
PVC微发泡复合型材是由PVC树脂添加各种填料以及功能助剂后,经过混料机混合后,高温熔融挤出成型的产品。目前PVC微发泡复合型材主要应用于室内建材方向,如室内门窗、地板、踢脚线、门套等。但是PVC微发泡型材仍存在表面不光滑,发泡不均匀,比重大,强度低、韧性差等特点。
淀粉是一种具有广泛来源的生物基材料,也具有优良的生物降解特性,同时淀粉具有相对非常低廉的价格,目前已经被广泛用于生物降解领域当中,主要方式是与生物降解塑料共混加工的方式。木质素是一种广泛存在于植物体中的无定型的、分子结构中含有氧代苯丙醇或其衍生物结构单元的芳香性高聚物。由于木质素的分子结构存在着芳香基。酚羟基、醇羟基、碳基共轭双键等活性基团,因此可以通过氧化、还原、水解、醇解、酸解甲氧基、羧基、酞化、磺化、烷基化、卤化、缩聚或者接枝共聚等多种反应方式进行改性。木质素具有较好的力学性能以及木质的外观属性,同时来源于生物质资源、同时在堆肥条件下具有较快地降解性能,是未来比较绿色环保的一种材料。据统计目前超过95%的木质素仍作为工业制浆的废弃物,随废水直接排入江河或者浓缩后燃烧掉,制浆废水的排放不仅造成资源的浪费,同时又污染环境,对其进行很好的资源化利用对社会经济的发展和环境保护具有现实的意义。
平衡型发泡剂为吸、放热平衡型发泡剂,分解反应中吸放、热基本平衡,发气过程诱导期短,分解无突变,挤出的制品具有较好的泡孔结构,较低的密度,较高的抗弯强度。使用该发泡剂不仅可降低成本,而且生产的发泡制品综合性能好。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术存在的不足,提供了一种木质素/淀粉/PVC发泡复合型材及其制备方法,利用造纸废液中的木质素,变废为宝以及来源广泛的淀粉;另外使用平衡型发泡剂,得到的木质素/PVC微发泡复合型材内部发泡均匀,比重小,且力学性能得到提高。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
本发明的第一个方面是提供一种木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材,包括如下重量份数的成分:PVC40-70份、木质素10-30份、淀粉10-30份、无机矿物质10-40份、抗冲改性剂1-10份、平衡型发泡剂0.5-1.5份,钙锌复合稳定剂2-5份、PE蜡0.2-1份、硬脂酸0.2-1份。
进一步地,所述的木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材,包括如下重量份数的成分:PVC45-65份、木质素15-25份、淀粉15-25份、无机矿物质15-35份、抗冲改性剂3-8份、平衡型发泡剂0.7-1.2份,,钙锌复合稳定剂2.5-4份、PE蜡0.3-0.8份、硬脂酸0.3-0.8份。
进一步优选地,所述的木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材,包括如下重量份数的成分:PVC50-55份、木质素18-22份、淀粉18-22份、无机矿物质25-30份、抗冲改性剂4-5份、平衡型发泡剂0.8-0.9份,钙锌复合稳定剂3-3.5份、PE蜡0.6-0.7份、硬脂酸0.4-0.5份。
进一步地,在所述的木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材中,所述木质素是从造纸黑液中提取得到的高纯度木质素。
进一步地,在所述的木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材中,所述淀粉为玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、豌豆淀粉或小麦淀粉中的一种或者多种。
进一步地,在所述的木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材中,所述无机矿物质为碳酸钙、硅酸钙、滑石粉、玻璃纤维粉中的一种或多种的混合物。
进一步地,在所述的木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材中,所述抗冲改性剂为氯化聚乙烯(CPE)、丙烯酸酯类聚合物(ACR)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯—丁二烯—苯乙烯共聚物(MBS)、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元嵌段共聚物(SBS)、丙烯腈—丁二烯—苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)、乙烯—醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)中的一种或多种的混合物。
进一步地,在所述的木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材中,所述平衡型发泡剂为NH213。
本发明的第二个方面是提供一种所述木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将造纸黑液中的木质素干燥和粉碎、过筛,得到目数为50目~200目的木质素粉;
(2)按比例将PVC、钙锌复合稳定剂加入高混机中,高速混合到85-95℃,再加入PE蜡、硬脂酸和抗冲改性剂,混合到95-105℃,最后加入木质素、淀粉、平衡发泡剂、无机矿物质,混合至温度为110-130℃,迅速将物料放入冷混锅中冷却,降温至30~50℃左右,得到初混物料;
(3)将初混物料加入到锥形双螺杆挤出机中,一步挤出成型得到木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材。
进一步地,在所述木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材的制备方法中,所述步骤(2)按比例将PVC、钙锌复合稳定剂加入高混机中,高速混合到88-92℃。
进一步地,在所述木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材的制备方法中,所述步骤(2)加入PE蜡、硬脂酸和抗冲改性助剂,混合到98-102℃。
进一步地,在所述木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材的制备方法中,所述步骤(2)加入木质素粉、平衡型发泡剂、无机矿物质,混合至温度为115-120℃,迅速将物料放入冷混锅中冷却,降温至35~40℃。
本发明采用上述技术方案,与现有技术相比,具有如下技术效果:
本发明制备的木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材,将造纸废液中木质素,废物利用,降低成本;同时,本发明采用平衡型发泡剂,制备得到的型材表面光滑,泡孔大小均匀,密度低,而且力学性能较好。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明进行详细和具体的介绍,以使更好的理解本发明,但是下述实施例并不限制本发明范围。
实施例1一种木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材
(一)由以下质量份数的原料组成:PVC树脂70份、木质素10份、玉米淀粉10份、碳酸钙30份、氯化聚乙烯(CPE)5份、平衡型发泡剂(NH213)1份,钙锌复合稳定剂2份、PE蜡0.2份、硬脂酸0.2份。本实例中所述平衡型发泡剂均为上海杰上杰化学有限公司生产销售的平衡型发泡剂NH213。
(二)按照上述组分配比采用如下步骤制备:
(1)将造纸黑液中的木质素干燥和粉碎、过筛,得到目数为100目的木质素粉末;
(2)按比例将PVC、钙锌复合稳定剂加入高混机中,高速混合到90℃,再加入PE蜡、硬脂酸和改性助剂,混合到100℃,最后加入木质素粉、淀粉、平衡型发泡剂,混合至温度为120℃,迅速将物料放入冷混锅中冷却,降温至40℃左右,得到初混物料;
(3)将初混物料加入到锥形双螺杆挤出机中,一步挤出成型得到木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材。
实施例2一种木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材
(一)由以下质量份数的原料组成:PVC树脂70份、木质素15份、淀粉15份、碳酸钙25份、氯化聚乙烯(CPE)5份、平衡型发泡剂(NH213)1份,钙锌复合稳定剂2份、PE蜡0.2份、硬脂酸0.2份。本实例中所述平衡型发泡剂均为上海杰上杰化学有限公司生产销售的平衡型发泡剂NH213。
(二)按照上述组分配比采用如下步骤制备:
(1)将造纸黑液中的木质素干燥和粉碎、过筛,得到目数为100目的木质素粉末;
(2)按比例将PVC、钙锌复合稳定剂加入高混机中,高速混合到90℃,再加入PE蜡、硬脂酸和改性助剂,混合到100℃,最后加入木质素粉、淀粉、平衡型发泡剂,混合至温度为120℃,迅速将物料放入冷混锅中冷却,降温至40℃左右,得到初混物料;
(3)将初混物料加入到锥形双螺杆挤出机中,一步挤出成型得到木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材。
实施例3一种木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材
(一)由以下质量份数的原料组成:PVC树脂70份、木质素20份、淀粉20份、碳酸钙20份、氯化聚乙烯(CPE)5份、平衡型发泡剂(NH213)1份,钙锌复合稳定剂2份、PE蜡0.2份、硬脂酸0.2份。本实例中所述平衡型发泡剂均为上海杰上杰化学有限公司生产销售的平衡型发泡剂NH213。
(二)按照上述组分配比采用如下步骤制备:
(1)将造纸黑液中的木质素干燥和粉碎、过筛,得到目数为100目的木质素粉末;
(2)按比例将PVC、钙锌复合稳定剂加入高混机中,高速混合到90℃,再加入PE蜡、硬脂酸和改性助剂,混合到100℃,最后加入木质素粉、淀粉、平衡型发泡剂,混合至温度为120℃,迅速将物料放入冷混锅中冷却,降温至40℃左右,得到初混物料;
(3)将初混物料加入到锥形双螺杆挤出机中,一步挤出成型得到木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材。
实施例4一种木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材
(一)由以下质量份数的原料组成:PVC树脂70份、木质素25份、淀粉20份、碳酸钙15份、氯化聚乙烯(CPE)5份、平衡型发泡剂(NH213)1份,钙锌复合稳定剂2份、PE蜡0.2份、硬脂酸0.2份。本实例中所述平衡型发泡剂均为上海杰上杰化学有限公司生产销售的平衡型发泡剂NH213。
(二)按照上述组分配比采用如下步骤制备:
(1)将造纸黑液中的木质素干燥和粉碎、过筛,得到目数为100目的木质素粉末;
(2)按比例将PVC、钙锌复合稳定剂加入高混机中,高速混合到90℃,再加入PE蜡、硬脂酸和改性助剂,混合到100℃,最后加入木质素粉、淀粉、平衡型发泡剂,混合至温度为120℃,迅速将物料放入冷混锅中冷却,降温至40℃左右,得到初混物料;
(3)将初混物料加入到锥形双螺杆挤出机中,一步挤出成型得到木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材。
对比例以市售PVC微发泡复合型材为对比例。
性能测试:以本发明实施例1~4制得的木质素/PVC微发泡复合型材为试验例,以市售PVC微发泡复合型材为对比例,分别进行相关机械性能测试,具体测试性能如表一所示:
表一 实施例1-4和对比例性能测试数据
由上述表一测试数据可知,本发明改性后的木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材,具有较好的力学性能,其拉伸强度、无缺口冲击强度有了一个比较明显的提升,而且通过材料的共混加工降低了成本,更加便于向市场的推广。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了详细描述,但其只是作为范例,本发明并不限制于以上描述的具体实施例。对于本领域技术人员而言,任何对本发明进行的等同修改和替代也都在本发明的范畴之中。因此,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围下所作的均等变换和修改,都应涵盖在本发明的范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材,其特征在于,包括如下重量份数的成分:PVC40-70份、木质素10-30份、淀粉10-30份、无机矿物质10-40份、抗冲改性剂1-10份、平衡型发泡剂0.5-1.5份,钙锌复合稳定剂2-5份、PE蜡0.2-1份、硬脂酸0.2-1份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材,其特征在于,所述木质素是从造纸黑液中提取得到的高纯度木质素。
3.根据权利要求1所述的木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材,其特征在于,所述淀粉为玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、豌豆淀粉或小麦淀粉中的一种或者多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材,其特征在于,所述无机矿物质为碳酸钙、硅酸钙、滑石粉、玻璃纤维粉中的一种或多种的混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材,其特征在于,所述抗冲改性剂为氯化聚乙烯(CPE)、丙烯酸酯类聚合物(ACR)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯—丁二烯—苯乙烯共聚物(MBS)、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元嵌段共聚物(SBS)、丙烯腈—丁二烯—苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)、乙烯—醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)中的一种或多种的混合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材,其特征在于,所述平衡型发泡剂为NH213。
7.一种如权利要求1-6任一项所述木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将造纸黑液中的木质素干燥和粉碎、过筛,得到目数为50目~200目的木质素粉;
(2)按比例将PVC、钙锌复合稳定剂加入高混机中,高速混合到85-95℃,再加入PE蜡、硬脂酸和抗冲改性剂,混合到95-105℃,最后加入木质素、淀粉、平衡发泡剂、无机矿物质,混合至温度为110-130℃,迅速将物料放入冷混锅中冷却,降温至30~50℃左右,得到初混物料;
(3)将初混物料加入到锥形双螺杆挤出机中,一步挤出成型得到木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材。
8.根据权利要求7所述木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)按比例将PVC、钙锌复合稳定剂加入高混机中,高速混合到88-92℃。
9.根据权利要求7所述木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)加入PE蜡、硬脂酸和抗冲改性助剂,混合到98-102℃。
10.根据权利要求7所述木质素/淀粉/PVC微发泡复合型材的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)加入木质素粉、平衡型发泡剂、无机矿物质,混合至温度为115-120℃,迅速将物料放入冷混锅中冷却,降温至35~40℃。
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