CN108930536A - A kind of method of gob side entry retaining first advance high pressure water injection fracturing tight roof - Google Patents
A kind of method of gob side entry retaining first advance high pressure water injection fracturing tight roof Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
- E21C37/06—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
- E21C37/12—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole by injecting into the borehole a liquid, either initially at high pressure or subsequently subjected to high pressure, e.g. by pulses, by explosive cartridges acting on the liquid
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种沿空留巷超前工作面高压注水致裂坚硬顶板的方法，在有坚硬顶板存在的沿空巷道中，在超前工作面一定距离的顺槽内实施钻孔作业，并布置高压注水装置，水压致裂后，使坚硬顶板在指定位置断裂，从而起到护巷效果。本发明利用现存的矿用钻孔机，结合高压注水泵完成破岩，而且部分水体可被岩块吸收，从而起到弱化坚硬顶板的作用；节约了劳动力，降低了成本，而且除钻孔粉尘外无污染，可以彻底避免爆破污染问题，安全性较高。
The invention discloses a method for cracking a hard roof by high-pressure water injection in an advanced working face of gob-side retaining entry. The high-pressure water injection device breaks the hard roof at the designated position after hydraulic fracturing, thus playing the effect of roadway protection. The present invention utilizes the existing drilling machine for mining and combines the high-pressure water injection pump to complete rock breaking, and part of the water body can be absorbed by the rock block, thus playing the role of weakening the hard roof; saving labor force, reducing cost, and removing drilling dust There is no pollution outside, which can completely avoid the problem of blasting pollution, and has high safety.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种沿空留巷超前工作面高压注水致裂坚硬顶板的方法，主要研究在坚硬顶板关键部位进行人为干涉，进而起到保护所留巷道的作用；属于无煤柱煤炭开采领域。The invention relates to a method for cracking a hard roof by high-pressure water injection in an advanced working face of gob-side retaining roadway, which mainly studies artificial interference at key parts of the hard roof so as to protect the roadway left behind; it belongs to the field of coal mining without coal pillars.
背景技术Background technique
绿色开采是我国煤炭开采的重要方向，无煤柱开采是其中一个典型的开采方式。无煤柱开采分为沿空留巷和沿空掘巷，由于沿空留巷具有一定的优越性，所以沿空留巷在我国煤炭绿色开采领域使用较多。然而在一些使用沿空留巷的矿井中，充填墙体的破坏形式各异，研究发现，充填墙体上部岩块的断裂不同，对充填墙体的破坏存在很大差异，尤其是存在坚硬顶板的矿井中，坚硬顶板较难断裂，当大面积悬露发生断裂时，对充填墙体的破坏极其严重。目前解决沿空留巷充填墙体上部坚硬顶板的主要方法沿用了工作面坚硬顶板处理方法，即深孔爆破法，这种方法产生的震动对工作面产生一定影响，而且最重要的是炸药的爆炸产生很多化学气体，对井下工作人员产生一定影响，而且爆破容易产生大量灰尘，也担心出现哑炮等一系列问题。故亟需产生一种新的释压方法取代炸药爆破法。Green mining is an important direction of coal mining in my country, and pillarless mining is one of the typical mining methods. Pillarless mining is divided into gob entry retention and gob entry entry. Because gob entry retention has certain advantages, gob entry retention is widely used in the field of green coal mining in my country. However, in some mines using gob-side retaining, the failure forms of the filling wall are different. The study found that the fracture of the upper rock block of the filling wall is different, and the damage to the filling wall is very different, especially if there is a hard roof. In mines, the hard roof is difficult to break, and when a large area of suspension breaks, the damage to the filling wall is extremely serious. At present, the main method to solve the hard roof on the upper part of the gob-side entry retaining wall is to use the hard roof treatment method of the working face, that is, the deep hole blasting method. The vibration generated by this method has a certain impact on the working face, and the most important thing is the explosives The explosion produces a lot of chemical gas, which will have a certain impact on the underground workers, and the explosion is prone to generate a lot of dust, and there are also a series of problems such as squibs. Therefore urgently need to produce a kind of new pressure relief method to replace explosive blasting method.
深孔水压致裂法是目前比较成熟得一种操作简单、成本低、效果好、安全性高和无污染的一种释压方法，除利用水压致裂外，还可利用岩石吸水软化特性，使顶板更易断裂，避免二次施工。但该方法并未在沿空留巷致裂坚硬顶板中使用过。Deep-hole hydraulic fracturing is a relatively mature pressure relief method with simple operation, low cost, good effect, high safety and no pollution. In addition to hydraulic fracturing, it can also use rock water to soften characteristics, making the roof more likely to break and avoiding secondary construction. However, this method has not been used in gob-side entry retaining to fracture the hard roof.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明旨在提供一种沿空留巷超前工作面高压注水致裂坚硬顶板的方法，在坚硬顶板的沿空留巷中，利用水压致裂坚硬顶板，避免坚硬顶板大面积悬露，从而起到保护充填墙体的作用。The present invention aims to provide a method for high-pressure water injection to crack the hard roof at the advanced working face of gob-side retaining. In the gob-side retaining of the hard roof, the hard roof is cracked by hydraulic pressure to avoid large-area suspension of the hard roof, thereby Play the role of protecting the filling wall.
本发明将深孔水压致裂法用于坚硬顶板的沿空留巷中，该方法不需要炸药、不需要爆破人员、具有无污染和成本低等特性，而且充分利用了岩层吸水弱化坚硬顶板的效果，起到保护巷道的作用。The invention applies the deep-hole hydraulic fracturing method to the gob-side entry retention of the hard roof. The method does not require explosives, no blasting personnel, has the characteristics of no pollution and low cost, and fully utilizes the water absorption of the rock formation to weaken the hard roof. The effect is to protect the roadway.
本发明提供了一种沿空留巷超前工作面高压注水致裂坚硬顶板的方法，在有坚硬顶板存在的沿空巷道中，在超前工作面一定距离的顺槽内实施钻孔作业，并布置高压注水装置，水压致裂后，使坚硬顶板在指定位置断裂，从而起到护巷效果。The invention provides a method for cracking the hard roof by high-pressure water injection in the advanced working face of the gob-side retaining entry. The high-pressure water injection device breaks the hard roof at the designated position after hydraulic fracturing, thus playing the effect of roadway protection.
上述坚硬顶板在指定位置断裂，可理解为坚硬顶板在钻孔位置断裂。The above-mentioned hard top plate breaks at the specified position, which can be understood as the hard top plate breaks at the drilling position.
上述方法具体包括以下步骤：The above method specifically includes the following steps:
（1）在超前采煤工作面28~30m处的顺槽内布置第一个钻孔站点，安装钻孔机和高压注水泵；(1) Arrange the first drilling station in the trough at 28-30m of the advanced coal mining face, and install the drilling machine and high-pressure water injection pump;
（2）利用钻孔机钻孔，钻孔机应靠近煤壁，钻孔方向与顺槽内的煤壁平行，分别向顺槽的顺风方向和逆风方向打孔，每个方向打3～6个孔；(2) Use a drilling machine to drill holes. The drilling machine should be close to the coal wall. The drilling direction is parallel to the coal wall in the trough. Drill holes in the downwind direction and the upwind direction of the trough respectively. Drill 3 to 6 holes in each direction. holes;
第一个孔与巷道顶板所成夹角为10~15°，钻孔口间距为1～1.5m，相邻两孔道的夹角为3～5°，孔深为20～25m，孔的直径为40～120mm。The angle between the first hole and the roadway roof is 10~15°, the distance between the drilled holes is 1~1.5m, the angle between two adjacent holes is 3~5°, the hole depth is 20~25m, the diameter of the hole 40-120mm.
（3）钻孔完毕后，回撤钻头时，利用钻头端部高压注水口进行射水，起到对孔壁切割的作用；(3) After the drilling is completed, when the drill bit is retracted, use the high-pressure water injection port at the end of the drill bit to inject water to cut the hole wall;
（4）将钻孔口用封孔器逐一封孔，将高压注水管出水口处连接高压水管，并将每个钻孔口分别与封孔器连接，高压泵上装有注水阀门和压力表；(4) Seal the holes one by one with a hole sealer, connect the outlet of the high-pressure water injection pipe to the high-pressure water pipe, and connect each hole to the hole sealer, and the high-pressure pump is equipped with a water injection valve and a pressure gauge;
（5）当单侧为三孔时，可直接打开注水阀注水，当压力表读数低于峰值10%时关闭注水阀停止注水；低于峰值10%则致裂完成；(5) When there are three holes on one side, you can directly open the water injection valve to inject water. When the pressure gauge reading is 10% lower than the peak value, close the water injection valve to stop water injection; if it is lower than 10% of the peak value, the fracturing is completed;
水压致裂时，水压会因为密闭环境而增大，当密闭环境被致裂后，水压会卸压，该过程中会产生峰值；上述低于峰值10%即指低于注水期间水压所能达到的峰值的10%状态；During hydraulic fracturing, the water pressure will increase due to the closed environment. When the closed environment is cracked, the water pressure will be relieved, and a peak value will be generated in the process; 10% of the peak value that the pressure can reach;
（6）当单侧钻孔数超过三个时，先进行上部钻孔注水，随后进行接近巷道顶板的钻孔注水，注水停止时间均以压力表示数低于峰值10%为界线；钻孔在一个竖直平面内，钻孔后水压致裂顺序为从上往下；(6) When the number of boreholes on one side exceeds three, first carry out water injection in the upper borehole, and then carry out water injection in the boreholes close to the roof of the roadway. In a vertical plane, the sequence of hydraulic fracturing after drilling is from top to bottom;
（7）随后向另一侧钻孔注水，直到全部钻孔注水完毕；(7) Then inject water into the holes on the other side until all the holes are filled with water;
（8）继续推进到下个位置钻孔，下一钻孔位置与前一次钻孔位置的间距根据两钻孔点所钻孔的末端最接近孔底距确定，孔底距在2～5m；(8) Continue to advance to the next position to drill. The distance between the next drilling position and the previous drilling position is determined according to the distance between the ends of the holes drilled by the two drilling points, which is closest to the bottom of the hole, and the distance between the bottom of the hole is 2 to 5m;
（9）根据工作面推进情况，依次完成钻孔和注水，直至整个沿空留巷完成。(9) According to the progress of the working face, complete the drilling and water injection in sequence until the entire gob entry retention is completed.
进一步地，所述高压注水管连接3~6个出水口。Further, the high-pressure water injection pipe is connected to 3 to 6 water outlets.
进一步地，高压注水管出水口处设有三口出水管。Further, there are three water outlet pipes at the water outlet of the high-pressure water injection pipe.
进一步地，钻孔最合理位置根据现场推进中充填墙体破坏程度和上覆岩层结构调整，在打孔位置先开掘一个操作硐室，在硐室内进行钻孔及注水。Furthermore, the most reasonable location for drilling is adjusted according to the degree of damage to the filling wall and the structure of the overlying strata during on-site advancement. An operation chamber is first excavated at the drilling position, and drilling and water injection are carried out in the chamber.
本发明中，提到的煤壁是指打孔顺槽内的煤壁，工作面是指采煤机工作面，坚硬顶板指整个煤层上方的顶板，巷道顶板是指顺槽这个巷道的顶板。In the present invention, the coal wall mentioned refers to the coal wall in the perforated slot, the working face refers to the working face of the shearer, the hard roof refers to the roof above the entire coal seam, and the roadway roof refers to the roof of the tunnel along the slot.
本发明的有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:
本发明是一种在有坚硬顶板的沿空留巷中解决充填墙体因上部岩块回转造成过度破坏的方法，很好地利用现存的矿用钻孔机，结合高压注水泵完成破岩，而且部分水体可被岩块吸收，从而起到弱化坚硬顶板的作用。本发明节约了劳动力，降低了成本，而且除钻孔粉尘外无污染，可以彻底避免爆破污染问题，安全性较高。The present invention is a method for solving the excessive damage of the filling wall caused by the rotation of the upper rock block in the gob-side retaining with a hard roof. It makes good use of the existing mining drilling machine and combines the high-pressure water injection pump to complete the rock breaking. Moreover, part of the water body can be absorbed by the rock blocks, thereby weakening the hard roof. The invention saves labor force, reduces cost, has no pollution except drilling dust, can completely avoid the problem of blasting pollution, and has high safety.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的钻孔位置三维示意图。Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the drilling position of the present invention.
图2是图1的俯视图。FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1 .
图3是图2中沿A-A线的剖面图。Fig. 3 is a sectional view along line A-A in Fig. 2 .
图4是本发明的高压注水设备及管路连接示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of high-pressure water injection equipment and pipeline connections of the present invention.
图中：1-采煤工作面，2-液压支架，3-采空区，4-充填墙体，5-钻孔，6-高压注水泵，7-钻孔机，8-相邻未采煤层，9-顶板，10-顺槽，11-水压表，12-注水阀门，13-高压注水管，14-高压水管连接阀，15-三口出水管，16-封孔器。In the figure: 1-coal mining face, 2-hydraulic support, 3-mined-out area, 4-filling wall, 5-drilling, 6-high-pressure water injection pump, 7-drilling machine, 8-adjacent unmined Coal seam, 9-roof, 10-down channel, 11-water pressure gauge, 12-water injection valve, 13-high pressure water injection pipe, 14-high pressure water pipe connection valve, 15-three outlet pipes, 16-hole sealing device.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面通过实施例来进一步说明本发明，但不局限于以下实施例。The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but not limited to the following examples.
实施例1：Example 1:
本实施例提供了一种沿空留巷超前工作面高压注水致裂坚硬顶板的方法，在有坚硬顶板存在的沿空巷道中，在超前工作面一定距离的顺槽内实施钻孔作业，并布置高压注水装置，水压致裂后，使坚硬顶板在指定位置断裂，从而起到护巷效果。具体步骤如下：This embodiment provides a method for cracking the hard roof by high-pressure water injection in the advanced working face of the gob-side retaining entry. A high-pressure water injection device is arranged, and after hydraulic fracturing, the hard roof is broken at the designated position, thus playing the effect of roadway protection. Specific steps are as follows:
1、在超前采煤工作面30m处的顺槽内布置第一个钻孔站点，安装钻孔机7和高压注水泵6。1. Arrange the first drilling site in the trough 30m away from the advanced coal mining face, and install the drilling machine 7 and the high-pressure water injection pump 6.
2、利用钻孔机7钻孔，钻孔机7应最大限度靠近煤壁，钻孔5的方向与顺槽9靠近工作面推进侧的煤壁平行，分别向工作面推进方向和与工作面推进方向相反的方向钻孔5，即先向工作面推进方向钻孔，然后向相反的方向进行钻孔；每个方向打3～6个孔，第一个孔倾角（与巷道顶板夹角）为15°，即图3中与水平线的夹角，孔口间距1～1.5m，相邻两孔道的夹角为3～5°，孔深为20～25m，孔的直径为40～120mm。2. Utilize the drilling machine 7 to drill holes. The drilling machine 7 should be as close as possible to the coal wall. The direction of the drilling 5 is parallel to the coal wall near the advancing side of the working face along the groove 9. Drill holes 5 in the direction opposite to the advancing direction, that is, first drill in the advancing direction of the working face, and then drill in the opposite direction; drill 3 to 6 holes in each direction, and the inclination angle of the first hole (the angle with the roof of the roadway) is 15°, that is, the angle with the horizontal line in Figure 3, the hole spacing is 1-1.5m, the angle between two adjacent tunnels is 3-5°, the hole depth is 20-25m, and the hole diameter is 40-120mm.
3、钻孔完毕后，回撤钻头时，利用钻头端部高压注水口进行射水，起到对孔壁切割的作用。3. After the drilling is completed, when the drill bit is retracted, use the high-pressure water injection port at the end of the drill bit to inject water to cut the hole wall.
4、将钻孔口用封孔器16逐一封孔，将高压注水管13出水口处与三口出水管15连接，三口出水管15与高压注水管13通过高压水管连接阀14连接，高压注水泵6上装有注水阀门12和压力表11。三口出水管15即为一个主管连接三个支管。4. Seal the drill holes one by one with the hole sealer 16, connect the water outlet of the high-pressure water injection pipe 13 with the three outlet pipes 15, the three outlet pipes 15 and the high-pressure water injection pipe 13 are connected through the high-pressure water pipe connection valve 14, and the high-pressure water injection pump Water injection valve 12 and pressure gauge 11 are housed on 6. The three outlet pipes 15 are a main pipe connecting three branch pipes.
5、打开注水阀门12注水，当压力表11读数低于峰值10%时关闭注水阀门12停止注水；5. Open the water injection valve 12 to inject water, and when the reading of the pressure gauge 11 is 10% lower than the peak value, close the water injection valve 12 to stop water injection;
先从一侧的钻孔开始，钻孔在一个竖直平面内，钻孔后水压致裂顺序为从上往下；即：当单侧钻孔数超过三个时，先进行最上部的钻孔5注水，随后依次从接近巷道顶板的钻孔进行注水，注水停止时间均以压力表11低于峰值10%为界线。Start with the drilling on one side. The drilling is in a vertical plane. After the drilling, the sequence of hydraulic fracturing is from top to bottom; that is, when the number of drilling holes on one side exceeds three, the uppermost one is carried out first. Borehole 5 is injected with water, and then water is injected from the boreholes close to the roof of the roadway in turn. The water injection stop time is when the pressure gauge 11 is 10% lower than the peak value as the boundary.
水压致裂时，水压会因为密闭环境而增大，当密闭环境被致裂后，水压会卸压，该过程中会产生峰值。During hydraulic fracturing, the water pressure will increase due to the closed environment, and when the closed environment is fractured, the water pressure will be relieved, and a peak value will be generated in the process.
6、随后向相反方向的钻孔注水，直到全部钻孔注水完毕。6. Then inject water into the boreholes in the opposite direction until all the boreholes are filled with water.
7、继续推进到下个位置钻孔，下一钻孔位置与前一次钻孔位置的间距根据两钻孔点所钻孔的末端最接近孔底距确定，孔底距在2～5m为宜。7. Continue to advance to the next position to drill. The distance between the next drilling position and the previous drilling position is determined according to the distance between the ends of the two drilling points that are closest to the bottom of the hole. The distance between the bottom of the hole is preferably 2 to 5m. .
8、根据工作面推进情况，依次完成钻孔和注水，直至整个沿空留巷完成。8. According to the progress of the working face, complete the drilling and water injection in sequence until the entire gob entry retention is completed.
本发明的钻孔最合理位置根据现场推进中充填墙体破坏程度和上覆岩层结构调整，在打孔位置先开掘一个操作硐室，在硐室内进行钻孔及注水。The most reasonable position of the drilling hole in the present invention is adjusted according to the damage degree of the filling wall and the structure of the overlying strata during on-site advancement. An operation chamber is first excavated at the drilling position, and drilling and water injection are carried out in the chamber.
本发明中，提到的煤壁是指打孔顺槽内的煤壁，工作面是指采煤机工作面，坚硬顶板指整个煤层上方的顶板，巷道顶板是指顺槽这个巷道的顶板。In the present invention, the coal wall mentioned refers to the coal wall in the perforated slot, the working face refers to the working face of the shearer, the hard roof refers to the roof above the entire coal seam, and the roadway roof refers to the roof of the tunnel along the slot.
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| CN111811346A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-23 | 大同煤矿集团有限责任公司 | Hydraulic fracturing grooving method based on blasting |
| CN112160792A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2021-01-01 | 太原理工大学 | A working method for segmented hydraulic fracturing of underground hard roof |
| CN112855155A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-05-28 | 中国矿业大学 | Gob-side entry retaining thick hard roof segmented directional hydraulic fracturing method |
| CN112983418A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-06-18 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for hydraulic fracturing pressure relief of coal mine underground coal face withdrawal channel |
| CN114165232A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-11 | 山西潞安环保能源开发股份有限公司常村煤矿 | Method for hydraulic fracturing, roof cutting and pressure relief of underground coal mine end mining roof |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111811346A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-23 | 大同煤矿集团有限责任公司 | Hydraulic fracturing grooving method based on blasting |
| CN112160792A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2021-01-01 | 太原理工大学 | A working method for segmented hydraulic fracturing of underground hard roof |
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| CN112855155B (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2022-03-15 | 中国矿业大学 | Gob-side entry retaining thick hard roof segmented directional hydraulic fracturing method |
| CN112983418A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-06-18 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for hydraulic fracturing pressure relief of coal mine underground coal face withdrawal channel |
| CN114165232A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-11 | 山西潞安环保能源开发股份有限公司常村煤矿 | Method for hydraulic fracturing, roof cutting and pressure relief of underground coal mine end mining roof |
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